791:
668:
1918:
1058:
905:
1116:
As I was coming with the men, I happened to turn my head towards the town in order to look at the
Saracens, who had come out in great force, when a cross-bowman shot at me, and hit me beside the sun-hood, and the shot struck me on the head, the bolt lighting near the forehead. It was God's will it
518:, who were trying to exterminate them. Peter endeavoured to placate the northern crusaders by arranging a marriage between his two-year-old son James and Simon's daughter. He entrusted the boy to be educated in Montfort's care in 1211, but was soon forced to take up arms against him, dying at the
1117:
did not pass through the head, but the point of the arrow went half through it. In anger I struck the arrow so with my hand that I broke it: the blood came out down my face; I wiped it off with a mantle of "sendal" I had, and went away laughing, that the army might not take alarm.
1107:
His mummified body was later exhumed in 1856, when the monastery was under repair. A photograph of the king was taken. The photograph of the head of the mummy clearly shows the wound in the left eyebrow that the king himself explained in a passage from his
599:, who had died without sons in 1208. Although Aurembiax's mother, Elvira, had made herself a protégée of James's father, upon her death in 1220 Guerau occupied the county and displaced Aurembiax, claiming that a woman could not inherit.
972:
James was the first great sponsor and patron of vernacular
Catalan literature. Indeed, he may himself be called "the first of the Catalan prose writers." James wrote or dictated at various stages a chronicle of his own life in Catalan,
606:, probably also becoming one of James' earliest mistresses. She surrendered Lleida to James and agreed to hold Urgell in fief for him. On her death in 1231, James exchanged the Balearic Islands for Urgell with her widower,
434:
crusaders, who had defeated his father fighting for the Pope alongside the French, so it was effectively forbidden for him to try to maintain the traditional influence of the Count of
Barcelona that previously existed in
626:. James and Sancho negotiated a treaty whereby James would inherit Navarre on the old Sancho's death, but when this occurred in 1234, the Navarrese nobles elevated Theobald to the throne instead, and James disputed it.
979:, the first autobiography by a Christian king. As well as being a fine example of autobiography, the "Book of Deeds" expresses concepts of the power and purpose of monarchy, examples of loyalty and treachery in the
694:. On 5 September 1229, the troops from Aragon, consisting of 155 ships, 1,500 horsemen and 15,000 soldiers, set sail from Tarragona, Salou, and Cambrils, in southern Catalonia, to conquer Majorca from
837:, and set about collecting funds for a crusade. After organising the government for his absence and assembling a fleet at Barcelona in September 1269, he was ready to sail east. The troubadour
884:
and was making a demonstration of his military power in front of Acre. During the demonstration, Egyptian troops hidden in the bushes ambushed a returning
Frankish force that had been in
695:
1707:
1243, original document in which James I of Aragon officially writes down the border delimitations between
Catalonia and Aragon with all the pertinent lords as witnesses.
1065:
The favour James showed his illegitimate offspring led to protest from the nobles, and to conflicts between his legitimate and illegitimate sons. When one of the latter,
1704:
698:, the semi-independent Almohad governor of the island. Although a group of Aragonese knights took part in the campaign because of their obligations to the king, the
575:. The next six years of his reign were full of rebellions on the part of the nobles. By the Peace of Alcalá of 31 March 1227, the nobles and the king came to terms.
645:
attempt, this policy was victim to physical, cultural, and political obstacles. As in the case of
Navarre, he declined to launch into perilous adventures. By the
2111:
1853:
1658:
602:
James intervened on behalf of
Aurembiax, to whom he owed protection. He bought Guerau off and allowed Aurembiax to reclaim her territory, which she did at
2610:
1037:
were forced to flee southern France and many found refuge in Aragon. Notwithstanding his early patronage of poetry, by the influence of his confessor
2620:
2575:
1278:
The children in the third marriage were recognised in his last will as being in the line of succession to the throne, should the senior lines fail.
790:
511:
2251:
2468:
2183:
821:
tried to dissuade James from crusading, regarding his moral character as sub-par, and
Alfonso X did the same. Nonetheless, James, who was then
42:
1177:
222:
1215:
764:. James signed it on that date, but Alfonso did not affirm it until much later. According to the treaty, all lands south of a line from
237:
522:
on 12 September 1213. Montfort would willingly have used James as a means of extending his own power had not the
Aragonese appealed to
1619:
2437:
339:
1643:. Trans. Damian Smith and Helen Buffery (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003) (Crusade Texts in Translation, 10.) Pp. xvii + 405 incl. 5 maps.
1422:. Historia de Iberia Vieja: revista de historia de España (History of Ancient Iberia: review of the history of Spain). p. 15.
822:
560:. The kingdom was given over to confusion until, in 1217, the Templars and some of the more loyal nobles brought the young king to
2600:
2580:
2432:
2104:
1846:
1029:
Though James was himself a prose writer and sponsored mostly prose works, he had an appreciation of verse. In consequence of the
2526:
355:
1096:, and the Lordship of Montpellier. The division inevitably produced fratricidal conflicts. In 1276, the king fell very ill at
2150:
2060:
1892:
1127:
607:
568:
141:
1299:
1288:
861:
857:
2595:
2521:
2209:
2035:
983:
order, and medieval military tactics. More controversially, some historians have looked at these writings as a source of
841:
composed a song praising the voyage and hoping for its success. A storm, however, drove him off course, and he landed at
2590:
2585:
1227:
1142:
726:
1696:
e-text of James's grant of trade privileges to
Barcelona, 1232, freeing the city from tolls and imposts with his realms
702:
was mainly a Catalan undertaking, and Catalans would later make up the majority of Majorca's settlers. James conquered
2605:
2364:
2097:
1839:
1759:
794:
First compilation of the Fueros of Aragon, carried out by the bishop of Huesca Vidal de Canellas in 1247. Vidal Mayor.
2318:
1862:
1783:
1755:
452:
2416:
2395:
2188:
1014:
935:
814:
654:
553:
232:
227:
2615:
2505:
2484:
2349:
1185:
717:
Valencia capitulated to Aragonese rule on 28 September 1238, following an extensive campaign that included the
667:
646:
623:
415:
375:
2313:
2277:
1281:
James also had several lovers, both during and after his marriages, and fathered several illegitimate sons.
1205:
1131:
920:
888:. James's sons, initially eager for a fight, changed their minds after this spectacle and returned home via
596:
572:
1268:
1252:
2489:
2463:
2323:
2012:
1989:
909:
1000:
545:
2354:
2267:
1997:
1954:
1241:
1069:, who had behaved with gross ingratitude and treason toward his father, was slain by the legitimate son
830:
619:
191:
1146:
1019:
2570:
2565:
2359:
2328:
2303:
2287:
2177:
1964:
1934:
1907:
1821:
1814:
1231:
1219:
1172:
1161:
928:
881:
749:
584:
491:
447:
272:
1066:
760:
so as to prevent squabbling between them. Specifically, it defined the borders of the newly created
2453:
2369:
2246:
2241:
2160:
2155:
2055:
2045:
2002:
1949:
1902:
1897:
1804:
1769:
1196:
1190:
1081:
1070:
1030:
924:
838:
761:
699:
592:
507:
403:
383:
371:
323:
84:
1917:
1652:
729:, who was also the king's cousin, died from wounds received in action. Chroniclers say James used
422:. One of the main reasons for this formal renunciation of most of the once Catalan territories in
2411:
2344:
2308:
2272:
2204:
2050:
2040:
1969:
1959:
1939:
1926:
1882:
1794:
1748:
1719:
1157:
1135:
1085:
1077:
1038:
722:
683:
650:
530:
487:
465:
395:
379:
347:
319:
296:
288:
262:
252:
170:
74:
56:
1874:
1004:
or "Book of Wisdom." The book contains proverbs from various authors, reaching from the time of
557:
2458:
2282:
2134:
2078:
2027:
2017:
2007:
1887:
1866:
1615:
1423:
1181:
1168:
753:
718:
691:
523:
515:
407:
335:
217:
201:
1641:
The book of deeds of James I of Aragon. A translation of the medieval Catalan Libre dels fets
2390:
2385:
2070:
1979:
1974:
1699:
1693:
1310:
1109:
1101:
1097:
975:
960:
945:
940:
893:
687:
588:
470:
461:
387:
367:
331:
327:
307:
284:
123:
112:
1682:
The Worlds of Alfonso the Learned and James the Conqueror – Robert I. Burns, S.J., ed.
1576:
Islam Under the Crusaders: Colonial Survival in the Thirteenth-Century Kingdom of Valencia
1023:
1009:
846:
818:
785:
627:
549:
519:
431:
399:
359:
1636:. Vol. II The Twelfth Century to the Renaissance. Cambridge at the University Press.
1138:. Though he later had the marriage annulled, his one son by her was declared legitimate:
394:
and vassal counties loyal to the County of Barcelona, lands that were lost by his father
390:, while he renounced northward expansion and taking back the once Catalan territories in
456:, which governed maritime trade and helped establish Aragonese supremacy in the western
1582:
984:
853:("for the love of his lady Berengaria") and abandoned any further effort at a crusade.
834:
351:
315:
52:
41:
1676:
2559:
1647:
1594:
1420:
Jaime I el Conquistador, el rey cruzado (James I the Conqueror, king of the crusades)
842:
457:
1500:
1026:
translator by the name of Jehuda was employed at James's court during this period.
1005:
992:
916:
527:
382:, he achieved the renunciation of any possible claim of French suzerainty over the
1244:, but only by a private document, and left her when (as he claimed) she developed
1554:
1080:: the aforementioned Peter received the Hispanic possessions on the mainland and
948:, but it did not develop as splendidly. In 1263, James presided over a debate in
1042:
864:, who had been given command of part of the fleet, did continue on their way to
769:
653:, securing the renunciation of any historical French claims to sovereignty over
534:
483:
411:
100:
805:), corresponded with James in early 1267, inviting him to join forces with the
1089:
1034:
956:
1608:
1586:
1427:
630:
was required to intervene. In the end, James accepted Theobald's succession.
334:
from 1238 to 1276. His long reign of 62 years is not only the longest of any
1209:
988:
980:
949:
757:
730:
642:
622:, who desired his help against his nephew and closest living male relative,
440:
436:
427:
423:
419:
391:
363:
1378:
Juan Garcia Atienza: The Knights Templar in the Golden Age of Spain, p. 149
1263:
1057:
1012:. It even contains maxims from the medieval Arab philosophers and from the
904:
541:
1651:
1093:
965:
873:
634:
561:
526:, who insisted that Montfort surrender him. James was handed over to the
495:
343:
1681:
2120:
1245:
938:, which owed much of its development to his impetus. He also founded a
885:
869:
810:
806:
734:
707:
703:
686:
through a scheme of mutual adoption, James turned to the south and the
247:
17:
740:
During his remaining two decades after Corbeil, James warred with the
552:
in Aragon and Provence; the regency meanwhile fell to his great-uncle
2089:
1831:
1272:
1164:
by his second wife Yolande de Courtenay. They had numerous children:
1150:
889:
826:
802:
745:
603:
499:
1686:
1045:
into his realm in 1233 to prevent any vernacular translation of the
1687:
The Crusader Kingdom of Valencia – Robert Ignatius Burns, S.J.
1501:"The Chronicle of James I, King of Aragon, Surnamed The Conqueror"
1046:
953:
877:
798:
789:
773:
741:
711:
672:
666:
638:
637:
in order to counterbalance the power of France north of the river
446:
As a legislator and organiser, he occupies a high place among the
430:
and any expansion into them is the fact that he was raised by the
1022:, which was probably translated at Barcelona during his reign. A
468:
and writing a quasi-autobiographical chronicle of his reign: the
1553:
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientĂficas (Spain) (1956).
865:
765:
583:
In 1228, James faced the sternest opposition yet from a vassal.
503:
2093:
1835:
1559:. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientĂficas. p. 230.
414:
was similar in Mediterranean Spain to that of his contemporary
494:. As a child, James was made a pawn in the power politics of
46:
Jaime in 1265, giving orders to a guard in the royal palace
1345:
1343:
1076:
In his will, James divided his states between his sons by
1193:(1240–1285), successor in Aragon, Catalonia, and Valencia
944:
at Valencia in 1245 and received privileges for it from
919:, which was constructed in a style transitional between
498:, where his father was engaged in struggles helping the
410:, and then decided to turn south. His great part in the
1088:, which included the Balearic Islands, the counties of
460:. He was an important figure in the development of the
1362:
1360:
1358:
1677:
Full online book – The Chronicle of James I of Aragon
813:. James sent an ambassador to Abaqa in the person of
2514:
2498:
2477:
2446:
2425:
2404:
2378:
2337:
2296:
2260:
2234:
2218:
2197:
2169:
2143:
2127:
2069:
2026:
1988:
1925:
1873:
1100:and resigned his crown, intending to retire to the
268:
258:
246:
200:
130:
118:
106:
94:
90:
80:
70:
62:
51:
34:
1607:
1291:(or Fernando Sánchez) (1240–1275), Baron of Castro
868:, where they arrived in December. They found that
714:(1235) were later acquired during the reconquest.
1199:(1243–1311), successor in Balearics and Languedoc
682:After his false start at uniting Aragon with the
649:, signed in May 1258, he ended his conflict with
633:James endeavoured to form a state straddling the
752:. On 26 March 1244, the two monarchs signed the
1073:, the old king recorded his grim satisfaction.
1171:, also known as Violant, (1236–1301), married
817:, who returned with a Mongol embassy in 1269.
2105:
1847:
1540:
8:
1662:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1485:
1483:
1473:
1471:
675:request permission from James I, taken from
312:Jaime I de AragĂłn or Jaime I el Conquistador
1705:Quia super limitibus Cathalonie et Aragonum
1386:
1384:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
756:to establish their zones of expansion into
314:; 2 February 1208 – 27 July 1276) was
207:
2112:
2098:
2090:
1854:
1840:
1832:
1710:
900:Patronage of art, learning, and literature
40:
31:
2365:Frederick I, Duke of Athens and Neopatria
1349:
618:From 1230 to 1232, James negotiated with
2319:William II, Duke of Athens and Neopatria
1599:Spain, 1157–1300: A Particle Inheritance
1366:
1061:Mummified head of James, exhumed in 1856
1056:
903:
544:, where he was entrusted to the care of
1632:Previté-Orton, Charles William (1952).
1528:
1323:
892:, where Fernán Sánchez was knighted by
185: 1235; died 1251)
2184:Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Provence
1634:The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History
1104:, but he died at Valencia on 27 July.
801:, the "Khan of Tartary" (actually the
2314:Manfred, Duke of Athens and Neopatria
1440:
657:, including the County of Barcelona.
340:longest monarchical reigns in history
7:
1700:The Barcelona Maritime Code of 1258
478:Early life and reign until majority
845:. According to the continuator of
556:, and his son, the king's cousin,
356:Ferdinand III of Naples and Sicily
25:
2611:Medieval Catalan-language writers
1587:A History of Aragon and Catalonia
851:por l'amor de sa dame Berenguiere
725:, where the Aragonese commander,
614:Relations with France and Navarre
1916:
1208:(1246–before 1275), died in the
987:identity, separate from that of
915:James built and consecrated the
880:, had broken his truce with the
157:
66:12 September 1213 – 27 July 1276
27:King of Aragon from 1213 to 1276
2621:Burials at the Poblet Monastery
2576:13th-century Aragonese monarchs
2527:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
1574:Burns, Robert Ignatius (1973).
1300:Pedro Fernández, Baron of HĂjar
1236:Eleanor (born 1251, died young)
293:Jaume I or Jaume el Conqueridor
182:
153:
2288:Ferdinand, Viscount of Aumelas
1614:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1126:James first married, in 1221,
849:, he returned via Montpellier
748:, on behalf of his son-in-law
358:. He saw the expansion of the
1:
2210:Alfonso II, Count of Provence
1578:. Princeton University Press.
1256:
2469:Peter, Count of Alburquerque
1606:Nicholson, Helen J. (2004).
1556:Homenaje a Millás-Vallicrosa
1499:Translated by John Forster.
1156:In 1235, James remarried to
1008:to nearly his own time with
1309:Jaume Sarroca (born 1248),
1015:Apophthegmata Philosophorum
927:with little influence from
908:Posthumous portrait in the
776:were reserved for Castile.
677:The Cantigas de Santa MarĂa
641:. As with the much earlier
567:In 1221, he was married to
554:Sancho, Count of Roussillon
2637:
1653:"James I. of Aragon"
934:James was a patron of the
783:
727:Bernat Guillem I d'Entença
453:Llibre del Consolat de Mar
223:Constance, Lady of Villena
2535:
2417:James II, Count of Urgell
2396:Peter II, Count of Urgell
2189:Sancho, Count of Provence
2182:Peter, Count of Cerdanya/
1914:
1819:
1811:
1801:
1792:
1781:
1776:
1766:
1753:
1745:
1740:
1713:
1295:By Berenguela Fernández:
936:University of Montpellier
815:Jayme Alaric de Perpignan
706:on 31 December 1229, and
238:Isabella, Queen of France
233:James II, King of Majorca
228:Peter III, King of Aragon
218:Violant, Queen of Castile
39:
2540:also a prince of Majorca
2506:John, Prince of Asturias
2485:Charles, Prince of Viana
2350:James I, Count of Urgell
1590:. London: Methuen, 1933.
1418:HerradĂłn, Oscar (2008).
624:Theobald IV of Champagne
416:Ferdinand III of Castile
338:monarch, but one of the
2601:Medieval child monarchs
2581:People from Montpellier
2545:also a prince of Sicily
2278:Frederick III of Sicily
1659:Encyclopædia Britannica
1463:History of the Crusades
1132:Alfonso VIII of Castile
573:Alfonso VIII of Castile
540:James was then sent to
330:from 1231 to 1276; and
2464:Henry, Duke of Villena
2360:Frederick IV of Sicily
2324:John, Duke of Randazzo
1284:By Blanca d'AntillĂłn:
1240:James married thirdly
1224:Maria (1248–1267), nun
1122:Marriages and children
1119:
1062:
912:
910:Generalitat Valenciana
795:
679:
370:to the southeast, and
311:
110:27 July 1276 (aged 68)
1271:(1259–1318), lord of
1242:Teresa Gil de Vidaure
1218:(1248–1271), married
1202:Ferdinand (1245–1250)
1180:(1239–1269), married
1145:(1229–1260), married
1114:
1060:
998:James also wrote the
907:
793:
670:
620:Sancho VII of Navarre
579:Acquisition of Urgell
537:in May or June 1214.
508:Albigensian Crusaders
450:. James compiled the
362:in three directions:
346:but remaining behind
281:James I the Conqueror
192:Teresa Gil de Vidaure
2596:Lords of Montpellier
2329:James III of Majorca
1694:Medieval Sourcebook:
1232:Archbishop of Toledo
1220:Philip III of France
1173:Alfonso X of Castile
1162:Andrew II of Hungary
1041:, James brought the
882:Kingdom of Jerusalem
750:Alfonso X of Castile
585:Guerau IV de Cabrera
512:Simon IV de Montfort
492:Marie of Montpellier
273:Maria of Montpellier
156: 1221;
2591:Counts of Barcelona
2586:Monarchs of Majorca
2370:James IV of Majorca
2247:James II of Majorca
1990:House of Trastámara
1822:Lord of Montpellier
1305:By Elvira Sarroca:
1102:monastery of Poblet
1031:Albigensian Crusade
1001:Libre de la Saviesa
952:between the Jewish
917:Cathedral of Lleida
839:Olivier lo Templier
762:Kingdom of Valencia
700:conquest of Majorca
546:Guillem de MontredĂł
486:as the only son of
406:and annexed by the
404:Albigensian Crusade
384:County of Barcelona
326:from 1213 to 1276;
324:Lord of Montpellier
2606:Aragonese infantes
2522:Charles I of Spain
2412:Martin I of Sicily
2309:Peter II of Sicily
2121:Infantes of Aragon
1927:House of Barcelona
1760:Count of Barcelona
1720:House of Barcelona
1715:James I of Aragon
1626:James I of Aragon.
1601:. Wiley-Blackwell.
1541:Previté-Orton 1952
1147:Constance of BĂ©arn
1136:Eleanor of England
1086:Kingdom of Majorca
1078:Yolanda of Hungary
1063:
1039:Ramon de Penyafort
913:
829:, made peace with
796:
723:Battle of the Puig
684:Kingdom of Navarre
680:
651:Louis IX of France
548:, the head of the
531:Peter of Benevento
488:Peter II of Aragon
482:James was born at
466:Catalan literature
396:Peter II of Aragon
380:Louis IX of France
366:to the north, the
348:Queen Elizabeth II
320:Count of Barcelona
263:Peter II of Aragon
171:Violant of Hungary
142:Eleanor of Castile
57:Count of Barcelona
2553:
2552:
2283:Sancho of Majorca
2087:
2086:
2028:House of Habsburg
1830:
1829:
1802:Succeeded by
1767:Succeeded by
1313:from 1273 to 1290
1182:Manuel of Castile
1149:, Viscountess of
1112:(Book of Deeds):
835:Sultan of Granada
754:Treaty of Almizra
721:and the decisive
719:Siege of Burriana
692:Mediterranean Sea
647:Treaty of Corbeil
608:Peter of Portugal
595:, the heiress of
591:in opposition to
524:Pope Innocent III
516:Earl of Leicester
408:Kingdom of France
374:to the south. By
278:
277:
16:(Redirected from
2628:
2546:
2541:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2091:
2071:House of Bourbon
1920:
1875:House of Jiménez
1856:
1849:
1842:
1833:
1812:Preceded by
1784:King of Valencia
1746:Preceded by
1736:
1729:
1711:
1663:
1655:
1637:
1628:
1613:
1602:
1579:
1561:
1560:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1505:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1478:
1475:
1466:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1379:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1353:
1347:
1338:
1335:
1311:Bishop of Huesca
1262:–1285), lord of
1261:
1258:
1110:Llibre dels fets
1020:Honein ben Ishak
976:Llibre dels fets
961:Pablo Christiani
946:Pope Innocent IV
894:Charles of Anjou
733:in the siege of
688:Balearic Islands
589:County of Urgell
471:Llibre dels fets
462:Catalan language
388:Catalan counties
368:Balearic Islands
332:King of Valencia
211:
186:
184:
161:
159:
155:
124:Poblet Monastery
113:Alzira, Valencia
44:
32:
21:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2616:House of Aragon
2556:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2531:
2515:17th generation
2510:
2499:16th generation
2494:
2478:15th generation
2473:
2447:14th generation
2442:
2426:13th generation
2421:
2405:12th generation
2400:
2379:11th generation
2374:
2355:Louis of Sicily
2338:10th generation
2333:
2292:
2256:
2230:
2214:
2193:
2165:
2139:
2123:
2118:
2088:
2083:
2065:
2022:
1984:
1921:
1912:
1869:
1860:
1825:
1817:
1807:
1798:
1795:King of Majorca
1787:
1772:
1763:
1758:
1751:
1730:
1728:2 February 1208
1724:
1723:
1716:
1670:
1646:
1631:
1622:
1605:
1593:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1539:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1481:
1476:
1469:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1365:
1356:
1348:
1341:
1336:
1325:
1320:
1259:
1124:
1055:
1010:Albertus Magnus
902:
858:Pedro Fernández
847:William of Tyre
819:Pope Clement IV
788:
786:Catalan Crusade
782:
780:Crusade of 1269
663:
628:Pope Gregory IX
616:
581:
550:Knights Templar
520:Battle of Muret
480:
432:Knights Templar
400:Battle of Muret
360:Crown of Aragon
328:King of Majorca
242:
208:among others...
205:
204:
196:
188:
180:
176:
173:
163:
160: 1229)
151:
147:
144:
126:
111:
99:
98:2 February 1208
55:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2634:
2632:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2558:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2450:
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2429:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2297:9th generation
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2261:8th generation
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2235:7th generation
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2219:6th generation
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2198:5th generation
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2173:
2171:
2170:4th generation
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2144:2nd generation
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2128:1st generation
2125:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1827:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1800:
1790:
1789:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1765:
1756:King of Aragon
1752:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1741:Regnal titles
1738:
1737:
1717:
1714:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:libro.uca.edu
1669:
1668:External links
1666:
1665:
1664:
1650:, ed. (1911).
1648:Chisholm, Hugh
1644:
1638:
1629:
1621:978-0313326851
1620:
1603:
1595:Linehan, Peter
1591:
1583:Chaytor, H. J.
1580:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1545:
1543:, p. 902.
1533:
1521:
1508:Chapter CCLXVI
1491:
1479:
1467:
1454:
1445:
1433:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1380:
1371:
1354:
1352:, p. 113.
1350:Nicholson 2004
1339:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1303:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1289:Fernán Sánchez
1276:
1275:
1266:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1225:
1222:
1213:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1175:
1160:, daughter of
1154:
1153:
1130:, daughter of
1123:
1120:
1067:Fernán Sánchez
1054:
1051:
963:, a prominent
929:Moorish styles
901:
898:
862:Fernán Sánchez
784:Main article:
781:
778:
662:
659:
615:
612:
580:
577:
571:, daughter of
479:
476:
448:European kings
386:and the other
352:Queen Victoria
316:King of Aragon
276:
275:
270:
266:
265:
260:
256:
255:
250:
244:
243:
241:
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96:
92:
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78:
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72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
53:King of Aragon
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2633:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
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2609:
2607:
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2602:
2599:
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2307:
2305:
2302:
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2299:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
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1880:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1845:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1810:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1534:
1531:, p. 85.
1530:
1525:
1522:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1492:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1465:, pp. 330–332
1464:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1443:, p. 35.
1442:
1437:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1367:Chisholm 1911
1363:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1233:
1230:(1250–1275),
1229:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1186:Ferdinand III
1183:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1084:received the
1083:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
977:
970:
968:
967:
962:
958:
955:
951:
947:
943:
942:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
911:
906:
899:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
856:James's sons
854:
852:
848:
844:
843:Aigues-Mortes
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
792:
787:
779:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
678:
674:
669:
665:
660:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
631:
629:
625:
621:
613:
611:
609:
605:
600:
598:
597:Ermengol VIII
594:
590:
587:occupied the
586:
578:
576:
574:
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
538:
536:
532:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
477:
475:
473:
472:
467:
464:, sponsoring
463:
459:
458:Mediterranean
455:
454:
449:
444:
442:
438:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
304:o Conqueridor
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
274:
271:
267:
264:
261:
257:
254:
251:
249:
245:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
215:
213:
210:
209:
203:
199:
193:
190:
189:
172:
165:
164:
143:
136:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
109:
105:
102:
97:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
54:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2490:Ferdinand II
2225:
2013:Ferdinand II
1944:
1820:
1793:
1782:
1777:
1754:
1735:27 July 1276
1732:
1725:
1718:
1657:
1640:
1633:
1625:
1610:The Crusades
1609:
1598:
1585:
1575:
1555:
1548:
1536:
1529:Linehan 2011
1524:
1512:. Retrieved
1510:(in Catalan)
1507:
1494:
1489:Chaytor, 94.
1477:Chaytor, 93.
1462:
1457:
1452:Chaytor, 90.
1448:
1436:
1419:
1413:
1408:Chaytor, 86.
1404:
1399:Chaytor, 83.
1395:
1390:Chaytor, 82.
1374:
1337:Chaytor, 96.
1304:
1294:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1239:
1155:
1125:
1115:
1106:
1075:
1064:
1028:
1013:
1006:King Solomon
999:
997:
974:
971:
964:
939:
933:
914:
855:
850:
797:
739:
716:
681:
676:
664:
632:
617:
601:
582:
566:
539:
528:papal legate
506:against the
502:heretics of
481:
469:
451:
445:
303:
300:
292:
280:
279:
206:
29:
2571:1276 deaths
2566:1208 births
2268:Alfonso III
2061:Charles III
1998:Ferdinand I
1955:Alfonso III
1260: 1255
1043:Inquisition
1035:troubadours
823:campaigning
770:Villajoyosa
710:(1232) and
535:Carcassonne
484:Montpellier
412:Reconquista
402:during the
342:, ahead of
101:Montpellier
71:Predecessor
2560:Categories
2304:Alfonso IV
2178:Alfonso II
2056:Charles II
2051:Philip III
1965:Alfonso IV
1935:Alfonso II
1908:Petronilla
1826:1219–1276
1799:1231–1276
1788:1238–1276
1764:1213–1276
1514:18 October
1461:Runciman,
1441:Burns 1973
1318:References
1090:Roussillon
1053:Succession
957:Nahmanides
921:Romanesque
876:Sultan of
831:Muhammad I
809:and go on
661:Reconquest
643:Visigothic
2454:Alfonso V
2242:Peter III
2161:Ramiro II
2156:Alfonso I
2079:Philip IV
2046:Philip II
2036:Charles I
2003:Alfonso V
1950:Peter III
1903:Ramiro II
1898:Alfonso I
1778:New title
1770:Peter III
1428:1699-7913
1210:Holy Land
1191:Peter III
1184:, son of
1178:Constance
989:Occitania
950:Barcelona
758:Andalusia
731:gunpowder
696:Abu Yahya
655:Catalonia
593:Aurembiax
441:Languedoc
437:Occitania
428:Occitania
424:Languedoc
420:Andalusia
392:Occitania
364:Languedoc
297:Aragonese
289:Valencian
253:Barcelona
85:Peter III
81:Successor
2345:Peter IV
2273:James II
2205:Peter II
2135:Sancho I
2041:Philip I
1970:Peter IV
1960:James II
1940:Peter II
1883:Ramiro I
1863:Monarchs
1805:James II
1749:Peter II
1597:(2011).
1216:Isabella
1197:James II
1094:Cerdanya
966:converso
874:Mameluke
772:through
737:castle.
635:Pyrenees
562:Zaragoza
496:Provence
376:a treaty
372:Valencia
344:Hirohito
301:Chaime I
75:Peter II
2459:John II
2226:James I
2151:Peter I
2008:John II
1945:James I
1893:Peter I
1568:Sources
1246:leprosy
1169:Yolanda
1158:Yolanda
1143:Alfonso
1128:Eleanor
1033:, many
985:Catalan
941:studium
886:Galilee
870:Baibars
811:crusade
807:Mongols
735:Museros
708:Menorca
704:Majorca
690:in the
569:Eleanor
510:led by
398:in the
336:Iberian
308:Spanish
285:Catalan
187:
179:
175:
162:
150:
146:
131:Spouses
35:James I
18:Jaume I
2438:Martin
2391:Martin
2386:John I
2252:Sancho
2176:Ramon/
2018:Joanna
1980:Martin
1975:John I
1888:Sancho
1867:Aragon
1731:
1618:
1426:
1273:Ayerbe
1264:Xèrica
1228:Sancho
1206:Sancha
1151:Marsan
1098:Alzira
1024:Hebrew
981:feudal
925:Gothic
890:Sicily
872:, the
833:, the
827:Murcia
803:Ilkhan
746:Murcia
604:Lleida
542:MonzĂłn
500:Cathar
269:Mother
259:Father
119:Burial
2433:Peter
1815:Marie
1733:Died:
1726:Born:
1504:(PDF)
1269:Peter
1253:James
1082:James
1071:Peter
1047:Bible
954:rabbi
878:Egypt
799:Abaqa
774:Busot
742:Moors
712:Ibiza
673:Moors
639:Loire
378:with
248:House
202:Issue
181:(
177:
152:(
148:
63:Reign
1616:ISBN
1516:2012
1424:ISSN
1134:and
1092:and
993:Rome
991:and
959:and
923:and
866:Acre
860:and
766:Biar
671:The
558:Nuño
504:Albi
490:and
439:and
426:and
354:and
322:and
158:ann.
107:Died
95:Born
1865:of
1018:of
825:in
768:to
744:in
533:at
418:in
2562::
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1506:.
1482:^
1470:^
1383:^
1357:^
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1257:c.
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969:.
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350:,
318:,
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295:;
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2113:e
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1855:e
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1518:.
1430:.
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287:/
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