1016:. Since the fort was lost they continued their withdrawal. Sometime after July 10, 1685, scouts reported that Qing troops were gone and the crops still standing. Vlasov sent 669 well-armed men under Tolbuzin to gather the harvest. The crops were gathered, Albazin was refortified with earthen walls and efforts were made to bring the natives back into subjection. Qing troops arrived on July 18, 1686, and began a tight siege and a steady cannonade. On the fifth day of the siege, Tolbuzin was killed by a cannonball and replaced by Afanasii Baiton. The Russians had enough food to last until Easter, but were short of water. The siege continued until early winter. In late October messengers arrived in Peking announcing Moscow's desire to negotiate. An order was issued to relax the siege. At this time less than 66 men, out of an original 826, were left alive (most had died of disease, especially
57:
289:
328:
231:
256:
41:
277:
960:
909:, 200 kilometres (125 miles) downstream from the junction of the Argun and Shilka. Thereafter it was little used as the Russians concentrated on the richer grain-growing lands downriver. In 1652 the Qing dynasty drove the Russians out of the Amur region and the land was left to outlaws and adventurers.
1004:
The siege began on June 23, 1685. On the June 26 there was an indecisive day-long battle. Qing troops thereupon piled dry wood along the fort's wooden walls and when they began to light it, Tolbuzin surrendered (exact date uncertain). The 600 or so defenders were allowed to withdraw to
Nerchinsk.
950:
received a tribute from the Jaxa country (Albazin and surrounding villages), which impacted the tsar's decision to formally acknowledge
Chernigovsky as the lord of Jaxa in 1674. In communication with Chernigovsky, the Chinese government used Polish as the main language. In 1675 he raided Chinese
980:
and began preparations to deal with the Amur problem. His plan was to build up such a large force that the
Russians would withdraw without fighting, for, as he said "The use of force is not a good thing. We use it only under compulsion." Troops were moved up to
967:
The Qing dynasty did little about
Albazin because their forces were tied up in southern China and because they were concerned about possible Russian backing for their enemies in Mongolia. With the southern problem nearly solved
1020:). On December 25 Baiton sent one of his men to request provisions. A few more than twenty men remained in the fort, all ill and undernourished. When, in August 1687, the Kangxi Emperor heard (incorrectly) that the Russian
938:, for whom treatment with respect was a great change in comparison to several assaults they had endured under Russian (Cossacks) sovereignty. He built a major stronghold on the ruins of Albazin giving it the name of Jaxa.
945:
governors made several failed attempts to regain the control over
Albazin; however, Chernigovsky was able to keep his position playing the Russians off against the Chinese and vice versa. From 1669, the Russian
992:
and minor
Russian forts were destroyed along the Zeya. By the end of 1683, all Russian bases except Albazin had been eliminated. Moscow responded by making Ivan Vlasov voyevoda of Nerchinsk and appointing
933:
in retaliation for the rape of his daughter, and fled to the Amur where he reoccupied the ruins of
Albazin and gathered a band of supporters. Chernigovsky soon gained the support of the local population,
1009:. Qing troops burned the fort and withdrew, but did not destroy the crops. When news of the defeat reached Moscow in November it was decided to abandon the Amur and send an ambassador to Peking.
56:
1128:
1123:
1012:
In 1686, one day after leaving
Albazin, the retreating Russians met a group of reinforcements who brought word that an even larger group under Baiton had reached
727:
1133:
1138:
660:
985:
and crops were planted to feed them. An attack was delayed due to disagreements among the planners and the difficulty of moving supplies northward.
1118:
507:
1153:
1113:
567:
720:
744:
665:
1031:
in 1689, Albazin was abandoned and destroyed. The former territory of Jaxa was incorporated into the Qing dynasty of China.
1143:
896:
713:
620:
578:
307:
616:
548:
1148:
1021:
925:
who had been exiled to
Siberia after an unsuccessful attempt to run away from the Russians' custody, murdered the
573:
430:
977:
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563:
553:
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327:
951:
lands with the help of the local population. This is the last recorded reference to
Chernigovsky in history.
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1001:
at Albazin (July 1684). An attempt to move men and supplies east failed due to shortages and inefficiency.
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40:
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and his men, who fled Russia, and existed until 1674 when it was incorporated back to that country.
1028:
851:
that was destroyed by Chinese troops. The name of the fort was derived from the founder's family
752:
630:
88:
859:. According to Chinese sources, this place was called 雅克薩 (yakesa) before the rise of Albazino.
804:
679:
675:
342:
249:
110:
106:
46:
935:
902:
887:, thereby making it the capital of their new state. In 1685 Jaxa was annexed by Qing China.
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963:
Albazin is on the northern loop of the Amur. Nerchinsk is on the lower Shilka.
906:
880:
796:
792:
445:
440:
1013:
989:
831:. It was established from the territory of the Tsardom of Russia in 1665 by
685:
670:
450:
114:
1097:
Dymytryshyn, Basil, Russia's Conquest of Siberia', volume one, document 127
988:
From 1681 there were Qing threats against Albazin, talks were held on the
959:
942:
884:
872:
848:
800:
543:
425:
360:
138:
118:
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62:
843:
The name of Jaxa originates from the wooden stronghold of Jaxa built by
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533:
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415:
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1017:
930:
824:
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existing between 1665 and 1674. It was located on the border of the
883:. In order to hide in it, they rebuilt the abandoned stronghold of
982:
958:
435:
420:
294:
1005:
About 45 opted to go with the Qing troops where they joined the
947:
812:
1024:
had reached Mongolia, he ordered the Qing troops withdrawn.
875:. In 1665 Chernigovsky and Siberian Cossacks killed the
823:
refugees from the Tsardom of Russia, and the indigenous
901:
In late 1650, Albazin was built as winter quarters by
786:
270:
194:
184:
172:
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144:
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124:
102:
80:
70:
21:
972:was conquered in 1683), in the spring of 1682 the
1129:States and territories disestablished in 1674
721:
8:
1088:Z. Łukaski "Historia Syberii", Wrocław 1981
1124:States and territories established in 1665
1071:
1069:
728:
714:
301:
55:
18:
955:The Russian-Chinese conflict over Albazin
661:Korean People's Association in Manchuria
1040:
315:
304:
815:river. Its population was made up of
193:
183:
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155:
151:
143:
16:17th century microstate in North Asia
7:
1134:Former countries in Chinese history
871:, a Polish nobleman deported from
14:
196:• Incorporation into Russia
186:• Proclamation of the state
905:on the northernmost part of the
326:
287:
275:
254:
229:
39:
493:Medieval to Early Modern period
1139:China–Russian Empire relations
1119:1674 disestablishments in Asia
748:
1:
897:Sino-Russian border conflicts
579:Sino-Russian border conflicts
1154:Amur Oblast (Russian Empire)
1077:Konterfekty dziwnych Polaków
1114:1665 establishments in Asia
787:
355:Ancient to Classical period
1175:
1050:"波兰人在远东的一段传奇史及雅克萨名称的另一种由来"
894:
867:The state was created by
776:
651:Kwantung Leased Territory
208:
204:
180:
168:
152:
54:
36:
31:
499:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
1079:, Iskry, Warszawa 1973
964:
656:Nationalist government
1007:Albazinians in Peking
962:
941:In the coming years,
791:) was a 17th-century
163:Nicefor Czernichowski
81:Common languages
1144:History of Manchuria
976:made a tour through
919:Nikifor Chernigovsky
869:Nikifor Chernigovsky
845:Nikifor Chernigovsky
833:Nikifor Chernigovsky
799:with its capital in
641:Far Eastern Republic
411:Yan (Three Kingdoms)
386:Yan (Warring States)
1075:Wojciech Sulewski,
1029:Treaty of Nerchinsk
549:Jurchen Jin dynasty
508:Andong Protectorate
1149:History of Siberia
965:
913:Foundation of Jaxa
631:Beiyang government
337:Prehistoric period
61:Map of China with
1048:何风 (2022-09-01).
857:Gryf coat of arms
805:Tsardom of Russia
785:
738:
737:
680:Chinese Civil War
676:Liaoshen Campaign
666:Japanese invasion
621:Russian invasions
481:Göktürk Khaganate
343:Liao civilization
300:
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266:
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250:Tsardom of Russia
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158:• 1665-1674
111:Eastern Orthodoxy
107:Roman Catholicism
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1098:
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1089:
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1080:
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995:Akeksey Tolbuzin
903:Yerofei Khabarov
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699:Russian Far East
431:Sima Jin dynasty
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957:
936:Tungusic people
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865:
841:
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695:Outer Manchuria
690:Northeast China
635:Fengtian Clique
612:Chuang Guandong
607:Amur Annexation
602:
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524:Dongdan Kingdom
519:Little Goguryeo
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974:Kangxi Emperor
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626:Russian Dalian
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646:Green Ukraine
644:
642:
639:
636:
632:
629:
627:
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622:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
604:
601:Modern period
598:
597:
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584:
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577:
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572:
569:
565:
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559:Northern Yuan
557:
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439:
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429:
427:
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419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
406:Xianbei state
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
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389:
387:
384:
382:
381:Takri Kingdom
379:
377:
374:
372:
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364:
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351:
344:
341:
340:
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273:
271:Today part of
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42:
35:
30:
20:
1093:
1084:
1076:
1057:. Retrieved
1053:
1043:
1026:
1011:
1003:
987:
966:
940:
916:
900:
866:
853:coat of arms
847:in place of
842:
768:
764:
756:
740:
739:
582:
539:Liao dynasty
529:Later Balhae
504:Tang dynasty
456:Northern Yan
237:Qing dynasty
219:Succeeded by
218:
213:
47:Coat of arms
1159:Microstates
999:voivodeship
396:Han dynasty
317:History of
214:Preceded by
1108:Categories
1059:2024-04-22
1035:References
1022:ambassador
907:Amur River
895:See also:
881:Ust-Ilimsk
809:Qing China
797:North Asia
793:microstate
446:Former Qin
441:Former Yan
135:Government
126:Demonym(s)
1014:Nerchinsk
997:to a new
990:Nun River
978:Manchuria
821:Ukrainian
811:, by the
782:romanized
753:Ukrainian
686:Manchuria
671:Manchukuo
589:Qing rule
574:Later Jin
564:Ming rule
554:Yuan rule
451:Later Yan
319:Manchuria
115:Shamanism
103:Religion
89:Ukrainian
32:1665–1674
943:Siberian
917:In 1655
885:Albazino
873:Volhynia
849:Albazino
801:Albazino
544:Xingliao
426:Goguryeo
361:Gojoseon
308:a series
306:Part of
139:Monarchy
119:Buddhism
75:Albazino
63:Albazino
1027:By the
927:voivode
891:Albazin
877:voivode
863:History
784::
773:Russian
745:Chinese
534:Jeongan
461:Kumo Xi
416:Cao Wei
391:Xiongnu
173:History
71:Capital
65:as Jaxa
1018:scurvy
970:Taiwan
931:Ilimsk
855:, the
825:Evenks
817:Polish
761:Polish
747::
617:Korean
568:Nurgan
514:Balhae
476:Shiwei
466:Khitan
401:Wuhuan
376:Yemaek
371:Donghu
366:Sushen
310:on the
292:
283:Russia
280:
176:
148:
97:Evenki
85:Polish
983:Aigun
829:Daurs
788:Yaksa
769:Jaksa
436:Yuwen
421:Buyeo
295:China
130:Jaxan
93:Dagur
26:Jaksa
1054:文史天地
948:tsar
923:Pole
921:, a
839:Name
827:and
819:and
813:Amur
807:and
777:Якса
765:Jaxa
757:Якса
741:Jaxa
697:(in
619:and
583:Jaxa
471:Mohe
200:1674
190:1665
145:King
23:Jaxa
929:of
879:of
795:in
749:雅克薩
1110::
1068:^
1052:.
779:,
775::
771:;
767:,
763::
759:;
755::
751:;
95:,
91:,
87:,
1062:.
968:(
743:(
729:e
722:t
715:v
701:)
688:/
682:)
678:(
637:)
633:(
585:)
581:(
570:)
566:(
510:)
506:(
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