308:
3498:
When they turn to face our attacks, we should keep a distance. Attack the rear as well where and when they least expect it. When they withdraw to face another threat, chase them. This will confuse their generals and create anxiety in their ranks. If we avoid conflict against their strong points and use our armored chariots to set ambushes, we can capture their generals and ensure victory.(燕性愨，其民慎，好勇義，寡詐謀，故守而不走。擊此之道，觸而迫之，凌而遠之，馳而後之，則上疑而下懼，謹我車騎必避之路，其將可虜)
733:
742:
32:
751:
541:
154:
760:
3497:
The Yan are a sincere and straightforward people. They act prudently, love courage and esteem righteousness while rarely employing deception. Thus they excel in defensive positions, but are immobile and inflexible. To defeat them, immediately apply pressure with small attacks and retreat rapidly.
914:
in low regard. Archaeological discoveries in the state of Yan have uncovered ornaments that, while inscribed with
Chinese writing, were close in style to that of the northern nomadic tribes. The currency of Yan was crafted into the shape of a knife, a form closely associated with the nomads. This
918:
The strongest opposition came from the Qi, one of the strongest states in China. A succession crisis started in Yan in 325 BC when king Zikuai symbolically resigned his throne in favor of his minister Zizhi to prove his humility; the minister took advantage and seized power. While this crisis
3465:
which was most likely composed in the 4th century BC, the author describes a China that is divided into nine regions, each with its own distinctive culture and products. The core theme of this section is that these nine regions are unified into one state by the travels of the eponymous sage,
980:
In 222 BC, Liaodong fell as well, and Yan was overrun by Qin. Yan was the third to last state to fall, and with its destruction the fates of the remaining two kingdoms were sealed. In 221 BC, Qin conquered all of China, ending the
Warring States period and founding the
919:
happened, in 314 BC Qi invaded and in a little over several months practically conquered the country. However, due to the misconduct of Qi troops during the conquest of Yan a revolt eventually drove them away and the borders of Yan were restored. Yan's new king,
855:
were Yan's main rivals. The mountainous border in the west between Zhao and Yan became the area in which their armies often clashed. Despite this, the war between Zhao and Yan usually dragged on into a stalemate, requiring the help of other kingdoms to conclude.
939:, it was highly successful and within a year most of Qi's seventy walled cities had fallen, with the exception of Zimu and Lu. However, with the death of King Zhao and the expulsion of Yue Yi to Zhao by the new king, King Wei of Yan, General
4519:
4514:
1019:, in his war against Qin. When Zang Tu returned, Han Guang was ordered to become King of Liaodong instead. When Han Guang refused, Zang Tu killed him and declared himself King of both Yan and Liaodong.
3455:
Before the state of Qin unified China in 221 BC, each region had its own unique customs and culture, although all were dominated by an upper class that shared a largely common culture. In the
4529:
4509:
4499:
3939:
3470:
and by sending each region's unique goods to the capital as tribute. Other texts also discussed these regional variations in culture and physical environments.
4504:
1044:
became the new King of Yan and reigned there for most of Liu Bang's life, until the emperor discovered that he had sent officials to the courts of the rebel
4524:
685:. Yan experienced a brief period of independence after the collapse of the Qin dynasty in 207 BC, but it was eventually absorbed by the victorious
708:. As the northernmost of all the Chinese states during this time period, Yan faced incursions from steppe nomads and as such, built great walls.
3561:
3691:
3485:, the author of the work, declared that the government and nature of the people were reflective of the terrain they live in. Of Yan, he said:
3896:
814:
821:
with inscriptions that recount the journey of the eldest son of the Duke of Yan, who delivered offerings to the King of Zhou in present-day
915:
form of currency might have been specially made for trade with the nomads, demonstrating the importance of commercial relations with them.
1058:. Summoned to the imperial court, Lu Wan feigned illness and then fled to the Xiongnu, who honored him as the King of the Eastern Nomads (
946:
Despite the wars, Yan survived through the
Warring States period. In 227 BC, with Qin troops on the border after the collapse of Zhao,
1196:
1136:
813:, where a large walled settlement and over 200 tombs of nobility have been unearthed. Among the most significant artifacts from the
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53:
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1026:
during the war between Han and Chu in order to keep his title, but once the war was finished he revolted. Liu Bang (later
493:
4137:
3925:
3428:
1034:
and Zhou Bo to put down the rebellion, and they captured and executed Zang Tu. His son Zang Yan fled to exile among the
96:
49:
3713:
Juliano, Annette L (1991). "The
Warring States Period—The State of Qin, Yan, Chu, and Pazyryk: A Historical Footnote".
4489:
4399:
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398:
68:
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to conquer Yan for Zhao, but upon his conquest, Han Guang appointed himself King of Yan. Han Guang had sent
General
42:
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3444:
75:
670:
245:
1954:
1676:
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962:), hoping to end the Qin threat. The mission failed, with Jing Ke dying at the hands of the King of Qin in
82:
3948:
3410:
2095:
2048:
1860:
1520:
1100:
1062:) until his death. In the meantime, Yan came under direct control of the Han dynasty and was treated as a
907:
723:
634:
522:
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802:
64:
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20:
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3699:
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686:
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from the 5th to 3rd centuries BC, Yan was one of the last states to be conquered by the armies of
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4147:
3738:
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884:
880:
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in the 8th century BC, Yan survived and became one of the strongest states in China. During the
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896:
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172:
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in the early first millennium BC. After the authority of the Zhou king declined during the
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3416:
3196:
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1045:
970:
780:
307:
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412:
871:, expanding the kingdom's frontiers nearly one thousand kilometers east to northwestern
3432:
3030:
1274:
1238:
788:
573:
89:
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4478:
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4172:
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3885:
3742:
1063:
977:, Ji fell the following year and the ruler, King Xi, fled to the Liaodong Peninsula.
959:
864:
818:
798:) and conferred titles to nobles within his domain, including the rulers of the Yan.
3632:
658:). During the Warring States period, the court was also moved to another capital at
4424:
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3981:
3760:. Van Norden, Bryan W. (Bryan William). Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co. p. 56.
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840:, a smaller kingdom to the north and moved its capital to that of Ji in modern-day
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3568:(in Chinese). Beijing Municipal Government. October 18, 2008. Archived from
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Han
Dynasty-Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis of China
1052:
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unearthed at the former Yan capital at
Liulihe now on display at the
701:
618:
561:
969:
Surprised and enraged by such a bold act, the king of Qin called on
903:, were subsequently established for the defense against the Donghu.
759:
1277:(燕王喜) (姬喜 Ji Xi) ruled 255–222 BCE: last king of the Yan state
910:
states seemed to hold Yan culture and other peripheral states like
4107:
4102:
3826:
Activities of
Exhibition and Education in Astronomy (AEEA) 天文教育資訊網
3797:
Activities of
Exhibition and Education in Astronomy (AEEA) 天文教育資訊網
3508:
3489:
Yan's defensive formations are solid but lack flexibility(燕陳守而不走).
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935:
for a joint expedition against Qi. Led by the brilliant tactician
659:
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177:
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to destroy Yan. Crushing the bulk of the Yan army at the frozen
597:
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801:
In the 11th century BC, Yan's capital was based in what is now
25:
681:: Yan fell in 222 BC, the year before the declaration of the
498:
943:
managed to recapture all of the cities from the 5 kingdoms.
4520:
States and territories disestablished in the 3rd century BC
3758:
Mengzi : with selections from traditional commentaries
3538:[Research on Yan Knife-Money and Related Topics].
19:
For other states, territories and kingdoms named Yan, see
16:
Ancient state in northern China (11th century BC – 222 BC)
4515:
States and territories established in the 11th century BC
519:
473:
455:
3828:(in Chinese). Taiwan: National Museum of Natural Science
3799:(in Chinese). Taiwan: National Museum of Natural Science
879:
was constructed on Yan's new northern borders, and five
999:
In 207 BC, the Qin dynasty collapsed and China resumed
3629:
Beijing
Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage
431:
417:
403:
389:
375:
3824:[Ancient Chinese astrological system (54)].
3795:[Ancient Chinese astrological system (65)].
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56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3884:
3477:, written in response to a query by Marquis Wu of
3601:(in Chinese) (16). Confucius 2000. Archived from
1271:(燕孝王) ruled 257–255 BCE: son of King Wucheng
828:Some time during the 7th century BC in the late
825:and was awarded a position in the king's court.
3495:
3487:
1003:. King Wu Chen of Zhao eventually sent General
3933:
3789:Chen Guanzhong; Chen Hui-Hwa (July 4, 2006).
327:
136:
8:
4530:1st-millennium BC disestablishments in China
3655:"Site of the Second Capital of State of Yan"
316:(top) and modern (bottom) Chinese characters
863:launched a series of campaigns against the
859:At the turn of the 3rd century BC, General
4331:
3961:
3940:
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1286:
692:During its height, Yan stretched from the
354:
152:
127:
3659:The People's Government of Hebei Province
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
4510:11th-century BC establishments in China
3857:
3855:
3524:
3439:. Yan is also represented by the star
4500:States of the Spring and Autumn period
3887:The Early Chinese Empires: Qin and Han
3481:on how to cope with the other states.
923:then plotted with the states of Zhao,
847:To the south, the bordering states of
433:
293:
3846:
3625:"Ji, the Capital of the State of Yan"
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54:adding citations to reliable sources
4505:States of the Warring States period
3443:in the "Left Wall" asterism in the
3566:Yanshan Central Information Office
3461:(Tribute of Yu), a section of the
14:
3540:Beijing Municipal Cultural Office
246:ancient Chinese coinage
4525:3rd-century BC disestablishments
3661:. China Daily. December 29, 2009
3532:Wang Jijie (September 1, 2005).
758:
749:
740:
731:
665:The history of Yan began in the
306:
276:
30:
3631:. June 16, 2006. Archived from
3591:Chen Zhi (September 30, 2010).
3415:Yan is represented by the star
520:
499:
474:
456:
41:needs additional citations for
3818:Chen Hui-Hwa (June 23, 2006).
776:Records of the Grand Historian
623:
612:
432:
418:
404:
390:
376:
328:
137:
1:
1265:(燕武成王) ruled 271–258 BCE
1022:Zang Tu submitted Yan to the
792:
3715:Notes in the History of Art
3445:"Heavenly Market" enclosure
4546:
3408:
992:
700:and from the mountains of
18:
3891:. London: Belknap Press.
3727:10.1086/sou.10.4.23203292
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1357:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1345:
534:
353:
349:
335:
305:
301:
251:
228:
201:
151:
146:
3820:
3791:
3593:
3562:"The History of Yanshan"
3534:
671:Spring and Autumn period
3821:中國古代的星象系統 (54)： 天市左垣、市樓
3473:One of these texts was
3419:in the "Twelve States"
950:sent an assassin named
4495:Ancient Chinese states
3949:Ancient Chinese states
3500:
3491:
3411:Chinese constellations
724:Beijing Capital Museum
601:
147:11th century BC–222 BC
3475:The Book of Master Wu
675:Warring States period
640:ancient Chinese state
543:
3792:中國古代的星象系統 (65)： 女宿天區
1101:Marquis Zheng of Yan
1028:Emperor Gaozu of Han
1001:a state of civil war
989:Post-Qin interregnum
954:to kill the king of
515:Baxter–Sagart (2014)
217:• Conquered by
164:Kingdom/Principality
50:improve this article
21:Yan (disambiguation)
3451:Culture and society
1263:King Wucheng of Yan
1227:Duke Huan II of Yan
1221:Duke Jian II of Yan
1119:Marquis Huan of Yan
1113:Marquis Xuan of Yan
1089:Marquis Qing of Yan
995:Principality of Yan
836:, Yan absorbed the
548:has been found in
207:• Established
4490:History of Beijing
3881:Lewis, Mark Edward
3514:History of Beijing
1283:Rulers family tree
1233:Duke Wen II of Yan
1197:Duke Jian I of Yan
1137:Duke Huan I of Yan
1125:Duke Zhuang of Yan
1077:Marquis Hui of Yan
785:King Zhou of Shang
706:Liaodong Peninsula
646:. Its capital was
602:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4321:
4320:
3898:978-0-674-02477-9
3756:Mencius. (2008).
3463:Book of Documents
3399:
3398:
3395:
3394:
1750:
1684:
1209:Duke Cheng of Yan
1161:Duke Wen I of Yan
1131:Duke Xiang of Yan
1107:Marquis Mu of Yan
1095:Marquis Ai of Yan
1083:Marquis Li of Yan
1064:princely appanage
807:Fangshan District
538:
537:
530:
529:
451:Yale Romanization
364:Standard Mandarin
312:"Yān" in ancient
292:
291:
288:
287:
284:
283:
126:
125:
118:
100:
4537:
4332:
3962:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3919:
3902:
3890:
3868:
3859:
3850:
3849:, p. 11-13.
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3698:. Archived from
3688:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3605:on July 26, 2011
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3529:
3405:Yan in astronomy
3384:Crown Prince Dan
1748:
1682:
1296:
1295:
1287:
1269:King Xiao of Yan
1251:King Zhao of Yan
1245:King Kuai of Yan
1203:Duke Xiao of Yan
1191:Duke Ping of Yan
1185:Duke Gong of Yan
1149:Duke Zhao of Yan
1143:Duke Xuan of Yan
948:Crown Prince Dan
921:King Zhao of Yan
873:Korean Peninsula
842:Xicheng District
803:Liulihe Township
797:
794:
762:
753:
744:
735:
650:(later known as
636:
625:
616:
526:
525:
524:
502:
501:
481:
480:
463:
462:
438:
437:
436:
421:
420:
407:
406:
393:
392:
379:
378:
355:
331:
330:
310:
294:
280:
279:
268:
267:
253:
252:
156:
140:
139:
128:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
65:"Yan" state
58:
34:
26:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4464:
4378:
4317:
4046:
3951:
3946:
3909:
3899:
3879:
3876:
3871:
3864:,also known as
3860:
3853:
3845:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3822:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3802:
3800:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3768:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3678:
3674:
3664:
3662:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3638:
3636:
3635:on July 7, 2011
3623:
3622:
3618:
3608:
3606:
3595:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3572:on July 7, 2011
3560:
3559:
3555:
3545:
3543:
3536:
3535:燕国明刀分期研究及相关问题探讨
3531:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3505:
3453:
3417:Zeta Capricorni
3413:
3407:
3401:
3388:
3386:
3342:
3340:
3295:
3293:
3248:
3246:
3201:
3199:
3154:
3152:
3105:
3103:
3082:
3080:
3035:
3033:
2991:
2946:
2944:
2899:
2897:
2852:
2850:
2805:
2803:
2758:
2756:
2711:
2709:
2664:
2662:
2617:
2615:
2570:
2568:
2523:
2521:
2476:
2474:
2429:
2427:
2382:
2380:
2335:
2333:
2288:
2286:
2241:
2239:
2194:
2192:
2147:
2145:
2143:Marquess Zhuang
2100:
2098:
2053:
2051:
2006:
2004:
1959:
1957:
1912:
1910:
1865:
1863:
1818:
1816:
1771:
1769:
1747:
1745:
1681:
1679:
1669:
1583:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1431:
1424:
1285:
1280:
1257:King Hui of Yan
1215:Duke Min of Yan
1179:Duke Dao of Yan
1173:Duke Hui of Yan
1072:
997:
991:
795:
781:King Wu of Zhou
767:
766:
765:
764:
763:
755:
754:
746:
745:
737:
736:
727:
726:
714:
631:pronunciation:
399:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
317:
277:
243:
239:
221:
211:11th century BC
208:
176:
142:
141:
133:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4543:
4541:
4533:
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4457:
4452:
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4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4340:
4338:
4329:
4327:Warring States
4323:
4322:
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4316:
4315:
4310:
4305:
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4285:
4280:
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3999:
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3979:
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3968:
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3959:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3908:
3907:External links
3905:
3904:
3903:
3897:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3851:
3839:
3810:
3781:
3766:
3748:
3705:
3702:on 2012-09-25.
3692:"Liulihe Site"
3683:
3672:
3646:
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3583:
3553:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3504:
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3449:
3433:Black Tortoise
3423:, part of the
3409:Main article:
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2209:
2207:
2205:
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2190:Marquess Xiang
2186:
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2177:
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1989:
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1964:
1955:Marquess Zheng
1951:
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1307:
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1301:
1299:
1292:
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1284:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1275:King Xi of Yan
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1239:King Yi of Yan
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1167:Duke Yi of Yan
1164:
1158:
1155:Duke Wu of Yan
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
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1092:
1086:
1080:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1015:, the king of
993:Main article:
990:
987:
908:Central Plains
796: 1046 BC
789:Battle of Muye
757:
756:
748:
747:
739:
738:
730:
729:
728:
718:
717:
716:
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710:
574:Inner Mongolia
536:
535:
532:
531:
528:
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3425:lunar mansion
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2096:Marquess Huan
2084:
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2049:Marquess Xuan
2037:
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2015:
2013:
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1861:Marquess Qing
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960:Qin Shi Huang
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769:According to
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120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
4430:Western Zhou
4405:Eastern Zhou
4383:Minor states
4368:
4336:Seven states
4051:Minor states
4031:
3965:Major states
3957:Zhou dynasty
3886:
3874:Bibliography
3865:
3842:
3830:. Retrieved
3825:
3813:
3801:. Retrieved
3796:
3784:
3757:
3751:
3721:(4): 25–29.
3718:
3714:
3708:
3700:the original
3695:
3686:
3675:
3663:. Retrieved
3658:
3649:
3637:. Retrieved
3633:the original
3628:
3619:
3607:. Retrieved
3603:the original
3598:
3586:
3574:. Retrieved
3570:the original
3565:
3556:
3544:. Retrieved
3542:(in Chinese)
3539:
3527:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3474:
3472:
3468:Yu the Great
3456:
3454:
3414:
3400:
3344:
3297:
3250:
3244:King Wucheng
3203:
3156:
3107:
3084:
3037:
2948:
2901:
2854:
2807:
2760:
2713:
2666:
2619:
2572:
2525:
2478:
2431:
2384:
2337:
2290:
2243:
2196:
2149:
2102:
2055:
2008:
1961:
1914:
1867:
1820:
1773:
1767:Marquess Hui
1316:Duke of Shao
1059:
1040:
1021:
998:
979:
968:
945:
917:
905:
881:commanderies
858:
846:
834:Eastern Zhou
830:Western Zhou
827:
817:is a bronze
815:Liulihe Site
800:
774:
768:
694:Yellow River
691:
679:Qin Shihuang
667:Western Zhou
664:
644:Zhou dynasty
632:
622:
604:
603:
487:Southern Min
476:
458:
371:Hanyu Pinyin
341:Hanyu Pinyin
259:Succeeded by
258:
196:Zhou dynasty
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
4485:Yan (state)
4098:Western Guo
4093:Eastern Guo
3441:Nu Ophiuchi
2002:Marquess Mu
1908:Marquess Ai
1814:Marquess Li
1024:Han dynasty
983:Qin dynasty
844:, Beijing.
838:State of Ji
642:during the
629:Old Chinese
590:South Korea
546:knife money
508:Old Chinese
314:seal script
272:Qin dynasty
244:other
241:spade money
237:knife money
4479:Categories
3847:Lewis 2007
3520:References
3431:" in the "
2801:Duke Cheng
1290:Yan state
1011:to assist
893:Youbeiping
877:Great Wall
720:Bronzeware
698:Yalu River
683:Qin Empire
662:at times.
544:Yan State
413:Wade–Giles
184:Government
106:April 2023
76:newspapers
4455:Zhongshan
4303:Zhongshan
3866:Master Wu
3776:181421046
3743:191379388
3345:255-222BC
3298:258-255BC
3291:King Xiao
3251:272-258BC
3204:279-272BC
3157:312-279BC
3150:King Zhao
3108:316-314BC
3038:333-321BC
2949:370-362BC
2942:Duke Huan
2902:415-370BC
2895:Duke Jian
2855:439-415BC
2808:455-439BC
2761:493-455BC
2754:Duke Xiao
2714:505-493BC
2707:Duke Jian
2667:524-505BC
2660:Duke Ping
2620:529-524BC
2613:Duke Gong
2573:535-529BC
2526:545-536BC
2479:549-545BC
2432:555-549BC
2385:574-555BC
2338:587-574BC
2331:Duke Zhao
2291:602-587BC
2284:Duke Xuan
2244:618-602BC
2237:Duke Huan
2197:658-618BC
2150:691-658BC
2103:698-691BC
2056:711-698BC
2009:729-711BC
1962:765-729BC
1915:767-765BC
1868:791-767BC
1821:827-791BC
1774:865-827BC
1005:Han Guang
971:Wang Jian
832:or early
771:Sima Qian
638:) was an
4118:Han (SE)
4113:Han (NW)
3883:(2007).
3832:July 26,
3803:July 26,
3735:23203292
3665:July 26,
3639:July 26,
3609:July 26,
3576:July 26,
3546:July 26,
3503:See also
3421:asterism
3197:King Hui
2989:Duke Wen
2848:Duke Min
2566:Duke Dao
2519:Duke Hui
2425:Duke Wen
1048:and the
1032:Fan Kuai
1013:Xiang Yu
975:Yi River
964:Xianyang
941:Tian Dan
901:Liaodong
869:Gojoseon
783:deposed
654:and now
578:Liaoning
566:Shandong
469:Jyutping
385:Bopomofo
233:Currency
187:Monarchy
4308:Zhoulai
4298:Zhongli
3458:Yu Gong
3085:321-316
3031:King Yi
2472:Duke Yi
2378:Duke Wu
1817:燕-{釐}-侯
1050:Xiongnu
1046:Chen Xi
1036:Xiongnu
1030:) sent
1009:Zang Tu
958:(later
952:Jing Ke
885:Shanggu
861:Qin Kai
811:Beijing
787:at the
712:History
704:to the
696:to the
656:Beijing
652:Yanjing
609:Chinese
586:Shaanxi
554:Tianjin
550:Beijing
323:Chinese
169:Capital
90:scholar
3895:
3774:
3764:
3741:
3733:
3437:symbol
3101:Zi Zhi
1070:Rulers
1060:Donghu
1053:chanyu
1042:Lu Wan
937:Yue Yi
897:Liaoxi
889:Yuyang
865:Donghu
702:Shanxi
621::
619:pinyin
611::
594:Kyūshū
562:Shanxi
494:Tâi-lô
224:222 BC
161:Status
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
4450:Zheng
4163:Liang
4128:Huang
4108:Guzhu
4103:Gumie
4042:Zheng
3739:S2CID
3731:JSTOR
3680:蓟城纪念柱
3509:Xiadu
3493:and:
3483:Wu Qi
3389:?-226
1749:一说即伯和
1683:一说即伯宪
1667:Sheng
1259:(燕惠王)
1253:(燕昭王)
1247:(燕王噲)
1241:(燕易王)
1235:(燕文公)
1229:(燕桓公)
1223:(燕簡公)
1217:(燕閔公)
1211:(燕成公)
1205:(燕孝公)
1199:(燕簡公)
1193:(燕平公)
1187:(燕共公)
1181:(燕悼公)
1175:(燕惠公)
1169:(燕懿公)
1163:(燕文公)
1157:(燕武公)
1151:(燕昭公)
1145:(燕宣公)
1139:(燕桓公)
1133:(燕襄公)
1127:(燕莊公)
1121:(燕桓侯)
1115:(燕宣侯)
1109:(燕穆侯)
1103:(燕鄭侯)
1097:(燕哀侯)
1091:(燕頃侯)
1085:(燕釐侯)
1079:(燕惠侯)
823:Xi'an
660:Xiadu
582:Jilin
570:Henan
558:Hebei
475:Jin3
178:Xiadu
97:JSTOR
83:books
4440:Yiqu
4425:Teng
4420:Song
4374:Zhao
4293:Zeng
4283:Yiqu
4278:Ying
4273:Yang
4258:Xing
4253:Xian
4243:Teng
4238:Tang
4223:Shěn
4218:Shēn
4203:Quan
4188:Peng
4168:Liao
4083:Deng
4068:Chao
4017:Song
3982:Chen
3893:ISBN
3862:Wuzi
3834:2011
3805:2011
3772:OCLC
3762:ISBN
3667:2011
3641:2011
3611:2011
3594:從王國維
3578:2011
3548:2011
3429:Girl
3247:燕武成王
3087:-314
3078:Kuai
1677:Xian
1665:6~9？
1530:Xian
1430:召伯父辛
1056:Modu
931:and
906:The
899:and
875:. A
867:and
851:and
849:Zhao
819:ding
598:Naha
596:and
479:Jin1
457:Yin
175:(蓟)
69:news
4460:Zou
4445:Yue
4435:Wey
4415:Shu
4400:Dai
4395:Cai
4369:Yan
4364:Wei
4359:Qin
4349:Han
4344:Chu
4313:Zou
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