789:, led by Jefferson and Madison, opposed it. Jefferson and his supporters had a counter-proposal to establish "a direct system of commercial hostility with Great Britain", even at the risk of war. The Jeffersonians raised public opinion to fever pitch by accusing the British of promoting Indian atrocities on the frontier. The fierce debates over the treaty in 1794â95, according to one historian, "transformed the Republican movement into a Republican party". To fight the treaty, the Jeffersonians "established coordination in activity between leaders at the capital, and leaders, actives and popular followings in the states, counties and towns". Jay's failure to obtain compensation for "lost" slaves galvanized the South into opposition.
853:. Everyone in the House chamber believed Muhlenberg was going to kill the Jay Treaty. He shockingly voted yes to fund the treaty. The final vote after one representative flipped his vote to support Muhlenberg after Muhlenberg's tiebreaking decision was 51 to 48. As a symbol of how chaotic and violent the anti-Jay Treaty protests were from 1794 to 1796 Muhlenberg not only killed his political career with his decision but he was stabbed by his brother-in-law who believed he had committed treason when he voted in support of the funding of the Jay Treaty. Muhlenberg survived the attack but faded into obscurity for the rest of his life, never winning another election.
115:
149:
127:
163:
832:
language regarding the June 24 resolution. President
Washington signed it in late August. The treaty was proclaimed in effect on February 29, 1796, but there remained one final, bitter legislative battle. The House of Representatives, which had a Democratic-Republican majority, had to agree to appropriate the funds needed to fulfill the Jay Treaty's terms. In April 1796, after two months of bitter fighting that could have doomed the treaty if the House refused to pass the funding related to the Jay Treaty, Federalist Representative
356:
821:
could be expected. Washington insisted that the U.S. must remain neutral in the
European wars; he signed it, and his prestige carried the day in Congress. The Federalists made a strong, systematic appeal to public opinion, which rallied their own supporters and shifted the debate. Washington and Hamilton outmaneuvered Madison, who was opposition leader. Hamilton by then was out of the government, and he was the dominant figure who helped secure the treaty's approval by the needed
730:
965:
that, except perhaps the opening of trade with
British India, "Jay did fail to win anything the Americans were not obviously entitled to, liberation of territory recognized as theirs since 1782, and compensation for seizures that even Britain admitted were illegal". He also speculates that a "more astute negotiator than the Chief Justice" would have gotten better terms than he did. He quoted the opinion of "great historian"
903:
liberty to âthe harlot
Englandâ. He also secretly financed and ordered newspapers to personally attack Washington with accusations of mental illness and treason. Madison, even though he wrote the Constitution, claimed as a partisan Democratic-Republican member of the House of Representatives that the House also has an equal role in the treaty-making process. Washington had to personally find the secret minutes of the 1787
5226:
4414:
364:
improving relations with the United States was a high priority lest it move into the French orbit. British negotiators ignored elements that wanted harsher terms in order to get a suitable treaty. From the
American viewpoint, the most pressing foreign policy issues were normalizing the trade relations with Britain, the United States' leading trading partner, and resolving issues left over from the
45:
2345:
182:
3749:
959:
For about ten years there was peace on the frontier, joint recognition of the value of commercial intercourse, and even, by comparison with both preceding and succeeding epochs, a muting of strife over ship seizures and impressment. Two controversies with France ... pushed the
English-speaking powers
696:
Article III states, "It is agreed, that it shall at all times be free to His
Majesty's subjects, and to the citizens of the United States, and also to the Indians dwelling on either side of the said boundary line, freely to pass and repass, by land or inland navigation into the respective territories
820:
The
Federalists fought back and Congress rejected the JeffersonâMadison counter-proposals. Washington threw his great prestige behind the treaty, and Federalists rallied public opinion more effectively than did their opponents. Hamilton convinced President Washington that it was the best treaty that
675:
trading status to
Britain, and acquiesced in British anti-French maritime policies. American merchants obtained limited rights to trade in the British West Indies. Two joint boundary commissions were set up to establish the boundary line in the Northeast (it agreed on one) and in the Northwest (this
831:
vote in the Senate. The Senate passed a resolution in June, advising the
President to amend the treaty by suspending the 12th article, which concerned trade between the U.S. and the West Indies. In mid-August, the Senate ratified the treaty 20â10, with the condition that the treaty contain specific
752:
The Jay Treaty was a reasonable give-and-take compromise of the issues between the two countries. What rendered it so assailable was not the compromise spelled out between the two nations but the fact that it was not a compromise between the two political parties at home. Embodying the views of the
363:
The outbreak of war between France and Great Britain (and other countries) in 1793 ended the long peace that had enabled the new nation to flourish in terms of trade and finance. The United States now emerged as an important neutral country with a large shipping trade. From the British perspective,
1029:
in favor of ratifying the Jay Treaty. In reality, his vote was never required as the Senate passed the resolution by 20â10. Furthermore, the Vice President would never be required to cast a vote in a treaty ratification, because the Vice President votes only in case of a tie, and Article II of the
977:
Perkins gave more weight than other historians to valuable concessions regarding trade in India and the concession on the West Indies trade. In addition, Perkins noted that the Royal Navy treated American commerce with "relative leniency" during the wars, and many impressed seamen were returned to
964:
Starting at swords' point in 1794, the Jay Treaty reversed the tensions; Perkins concludes: "Through a decade of world war and peace, successive governments on both sides of the Atlantic were able to bring about and preserve a cordiality which often approached genuine friendship." Perkins suggests
395:
At the national level American politics was divided between the factions of Jefferson and Madison, which favored the French, and the Federalists led by Hamilton, who saw Britain as a natural ally and thus sought to normalize relations with Britain, especially in the area of trade. President George
992:
George Herring's 2008 history of US foreign policy says that, in 1794, "the United States and Britain edged toward war" and concludes, "The Jay Treaty brought the United States important concessions and served its interests well." Joseph Ellis finds the terms of the treaty "one-sided in Britain's
902:
The treaty led to the permanent rupture of decades of close friendship and camaraderie between President Washington and the anti-Jay Treaty Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Jefferson wrote a scathing private letter that secretly called Washington senile and an âapostateâ who subverted American
856:
James Madison, then a member of the House of Representatives, argued that the treaty could not, under Constitutional law, take effect without approval of the House, since it regulated commerce and exercised legislative powers granted to Congress. The debate which followed was an early example of
761:
from 1778 was still in effect. They considered Britain as the center of aristocracy and the chief threat to the United States' republican values. They denounced Hamilton and Jay (and even Washington) as monarchists who betrayed American values. They organized public protests against Jay and his
1002:(1823), for it linked American security and economic development to the British fleet, which provided a protective shield of incalculable value throughout the nineteenth century. Mostly, it postponed war with England until America was economically and politically more capable of fighting one.
836:
limped to the podium despite being gravely sick and gave an impassioned speech that was later described as one of the greatest speeches in American history in defense of the Jay Treaty. After the 90-minute speech he fell exhausted in his chair and there was an emotional silence in a sign of
482:
Both sides achieved many objectives. Several issues were sent to arbitration, which (after years of discussion) were resolved amicably mostly in favor of the U.S. Britain paid $ 11,650,000 for damages to American shipping and received ÂŁ600,000 for unpaid pre-1775 debts. While international
997:
a shrewd bargain for the United States. It bet, in effect, on England rather than France as the hegemonic European power of the future, which proved prophetic. It recognized the massive dependence of the American economy on trade with England. In a sense it was a precocious preview of the
933:
note that, in conventional diplomatic terms and as a "piece of adversary bargaining", Jay "got much the worst of the 'bargain'. Such a view has to a great degree persisted ever since." They conclude that Jay did not succeed in asserting neutral rights, but he did obtain "his other
264:
that it had refused to relinquish under the Paris Peace Treaty. The British were retaliating for the United States reneging on Articles 4 and 6 of the 1783 treaty; American state courts impeded the collection of debts owed British creditors and upheld the continued confiscation of
938:"; he got none of things that were "desirable, but not indispensable". They add that Jay's record on the symbolic side was open to many objections. However, on the "hard" (or realistic) side, "it was a substantial success, which included the prevention of war with Great Britain".
721:, and cannot be deported for any reason. Article III of the Jay Treaty is the basis of most Indian claims. Unlike other legal immigrants, Canadian-born Native Americans residing in the US are entitled to public benefits and domestic tuition fees on the same basis as citizens.
2105:) Focusing on the domestic and ideological aspects, Combs dislikes Hamilton's quest for national power and a "heroic state" dominating the Western Hemisphere, but concludes the Federalists "followed the proper policy" because the treaty preserved peace with Britain.
916:
said that the election of Jefferson as president in 1800 was the second worst day of her life after the death of her husband, and she believed the shocking words and actions by them towards Washington hastened his death only 2 years after leaving office.
387:
near the CanadaâU.S. border that the border no longer existed and sold weapons to them. Congress voted on a trade embargo against Britain in March 1794. It was approved in the House of Representatives but defeated in the Senate when Vice President
717:. As a result of the Jay Treaty, "Native Indians born in Canada are therefore entitled to enter the United States for the purpose of employment, study, retirement, investing, and/or immigration" if they can prove that they have at least 50%
368:. As one observer explained, the British government was "well disposed to America. ... They have made their arrangements upon a plan that comprehends the neutrality of the United States, and are anxious that it should be preserved."
679:
Jay, a strong opponent of slavery, dropped the issue of compensation for slaves, which angered Southern slaveholders and was used as a target for attacks by Jeffersonians. Jay was unsuccessful in negotiating a temporary end to the
3459:
769:
in Philadelphia turned from debate to disorder in the summer of 1795 as rocks were thrown, British officials harassed, and a copy of the treaty burnt at the door of one of America's wealthiest merchants and U.S. Senator,
705:, American citizens, and Canadian subjects to trade and travel between the United States and Canada, which was then a territory of Great Britain. Some legal experts dispute whether the treaty rights were abrogated by the
1026:
796:
that would mostly be bottled up in Europe by the British blockade. By backing the treaty, he sacrificed the unanimous respect and goodwill that the whole country had given across his service as commander-in-chief of the
887:, in London to negotiate a successful resolution to outstanding issues regarding cash payments and boundaries. The amity broke down when the treaty expired in 1805. Jefferson rejected a renewal of the Jay Treaty in the
907:
where Madison himself said treaties are conducted by only the Senate and President, and he had to argue against Madison with Madison's own words from the Constitutional Convention. Madison forced Washington to invoke
3235:
2539:
3376:
2927:
3802:
846:
3499:
1030:
Constitution requires that treaties receive a two-thirds vote for approval. Vice President Adams had however earlier cast a tie-breaking vote in opposition to a trade embargo on the British in 1794.
277:âone of the first major uses of arbitration in modern diplomatic history. This set a precedent used by other nations. The Americans were granted limited rights to trade with British colonies in the
989:
Elkins and McKitrick find this more positive view open to "one big difficulty": it requires that the British negotiated in the same spirit. Unlike Perkins, they find "little indication of this".
792:
Washington supported the Jay Treaty because he did not want American ships to be constantly attacked and captured by the powerful British navy, and he decided to take his chances with a hostile
849:
that was responsible for this funding bill. The year before he had led protests that included burning copies of the Jay Treaty in front of the home of the British Minister to the United States
3928:
955:. In his view, the treaty worked for ten years to secure peace between Britain and America: "The decade may be characterized as the period of 'The First Rapprochement'." As Perkins concludes,
869:, in which he rejected any alleged right of the House of Representatives to decide upon the merits of the treaty. After defeat on the treaty in Congress, the Jeffersonian Republicans lost the
805:, and President of the United States to that point. He was brutally criticized in Democratic-Republican areas of the country like his home state of Virginia. Numerous protestors would picket
3844:
3743:
4655:
3059:
3896:
3812:
3829:
3351:
2956:
1883:
838:
3913:
5280:
4851:
3706:
2225:'Further concessions cannot be attained': the Jay-Grenville treaty and the politics of Anglo-American relations, 1789â1807. Texas Christian University, 2013. (PhD thesis)
941:
Historian Marshall Smelser argues that the treaty effectively postponed war with Britain, or at least postponed it until the United States was strong enough to handle it.
744:
for its consent in June 1795; a two-thirds vote was needed. The treaty was unpopular at first and gave the Jeffersonians a platform to rally new supporters. As historian
5275:
3678:
2233:
3879:
3667:
3469:
3164:
1518:
5325:
5310:
4846:
4208:
3968:
3807:
3792:
269:
estates in spite of an explicit understanding that the prosecutions would be immediately discontinued. The parties agreed that disputes over wartime debts and the
4507:
3839:
3824:
3422:
2885:
506:
4136:
4886:
3998:
2853:
2843:
1754:
4909:
4662:
4472:
4451:
3156:
2912:
2830:
1835:
1044:
4841:
3864:
3782:
3191:
2801:
671:
The treaty was "surprisingly generous" in allowing Americans to trade with Great Britain on a most-favored-nation basis. In return, the United States gave
1054:
973:
No one would venture on its merits to defend it now. There has been no time since 1810 when the United States would not prefer war to peace on such terms.
3953:
3628:
2447:
3141:
1642:
Green, Nathaniel C. ââThe Focus of the Wills of Converging Millionsâ: Public Opposition to the Jay Treaty and the Origins of the Peopleâs Presidency.â
1177:
quoted in Perkins (1955) p. 22; the British foreign minister felt, "this Country is anxious to keep the Americans in good humour". Perkins (1955) p. 22
483:
arbitration was not entirely unknown, the Jay Treaty gave it a strong impetus and is generally taken as the start of modern international arbitration.
4978:
4894:
4528:
3817:
3797:
3136:
904:
802:
5305:
986:, which the Americans wanted. When Jefferson took office, he gained renewal of the commercial articles that had greatly benefited American shipping.
5300:
4678:
3985:
3565:
3274:
3186:
3181:
4479:
4339:
3356:
3218:
3169:
2821:
2226:
714:
710:
5204:
4774:
3316:
764:
Damn John Jay! Damn everyone that won't damn John Jay! Damn every one that won't put lights in his window and sit up all night damning John Jay!
4861:
3906:
3560:
3545:
2632:
2528:
1582:
1049:
316:
282:
119:
4856:
4497:
4116:
4089:
3101:
2768:
2758:
2475:
2463:
2177:
339:
favoring France. The treaty was for ten years' duration. Efforts failed to agree on a replacement treaty in 1806 when Jefferson rejected the
4931:
4899:
3754:
3692:
3620:
3550:
3386:
3126:
2880:
2868:
2658:
2590:
4298:
4262:
319:, which ultimately failed. The Jeffersonians feared that closer economic or political ties with Great Britain would strengthen Hamilton's
4925:
4203:
4193:
3484:
978:
America. As Spain assessed the informal British-American alliance, it softened its previous opposition to the United States' use of the
1797:
4141:
4094:
4079:
3869:
3859:
3699:
3447:
3311:
2503:
2431:
2402:
2310:
702:
462:
397:
384:
328:
4920:
4640:
4074:
3174:
2290:
2102:
1963:
1503:
1432:
1402:
1362:
1319:
1264:
1231:
1198:
2234:"Native American Free Passage Rights Under the 1794 Jay Treaty: Survival Under United States Statutory Law and Canadian Common Law"
4444:
4316:
3973:
3849:
3442:
3208:
2951:
2637:
2439:
1909:
1858:
814:
782:
757:
The Jeffersonians were opposed to Britain, preferring support for France in the wars raging in Europe, and they argued that the
701:
only excepted) ... and freely carry on trade and commerce with each other." Article III of the Jay Treaty declared the right of
270:
5107:
4558:
3787:
3615:
3452:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3151:
2794:
2603:
2455:
3901:
431:(also Miamis) in modern-day Ohio. Britain said it was in response to American refusals to pay debts that had been agreed upon.
5084:
4810:
4645:
4238:
4171:
3990:
3933:
3777:
3610:
3223:
3213:
3076:
2824:
2249:
912:
over this issue. Washington never saw or spoke to Jefferson and Madison ever again after the ratification of the Jay Treaty.
880:
266:
3437:
1532:
837:
bipartisan respect for his speech. In the final vote on April 29, 1796, the impasse was stuck in a 49 to 49 tie. The first
5290:
5265:
5124:
4876:
4836:
4831:
4683:
4568:
4486:
4198:
4181:
3943:
3651:
3540:
3509:
3391:
2966:
2922:
891:
of 1806 as negotiated by his diplomats and agreed to by London. Relations turned increasingly hostile as a prelude to the
870:
492:
4798:
1377:
Alice B. Keith, "Relaxations in the British restrictions on the American trade with the British West Indies, 1783â1802".
861:, in which Madison, the "Father of the Constitution", lost. One feature of this nationwide constitutional debate was an
5315:
5095:
4573:
4359:
3963:
3854:
3713:
3659:
3635:
3604:
3203:
2556:
1709:
944:
499:
445:
817:. It was only after Washington's death in 1799 when the whole country reunited and wholeheartedly respected him again.
813:. A common protest rally cry was, "A speedy death to General Washington." Some protestors even wanted Washington to be
5330:
5320:
5229:
5144:
5112:
4937:
4769:
4523:
4437:
4003:
3685:
3401:
3269:
2847:
2699:
2186:
Farrell, James M. "Fisher Ames and Political Judgment: Reason, Passion, and Vehement Style in the Jay Treaty Speech",
786:
336:
246:
4027:
2932:
1767:
4417:
4274:
4244:
4146:
3834:
3643:
3279:
2857:
2787:
2751:
793:
654:
222:
59:
1832:
888:
441:
U.S.merchants wanted compensation for about 300 merchant ships which the British had confiscated in 1793 and 1794.
340:
241:
and bitterly divided Americans. It inflamed the new growth of two opposing parties in every state, the pro-Treaty
5089:
5019:
4995:
4904:
4780:
4563:
4286:
4035:
3764:
3530:
3054:
2900:
2890:
2245:
1424:
The Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Early American Republic, 1783â1812: A Political, Social, and Military History
850:
758:
599:
226:
5270:
5260:
5192:
5168:
4694:
4540:
4268:
4011:
3874:
3519:
2895:
2596:
2509:
214:
154:
114:
4131:
2568:
5051:
5027:
4968:
4871:
4043:
3938:
3759:
3734:
3301:
3131:
3121:
3064:
2485:
1017:
218:
4815:
5255:
5250:
5162:
5079:
4952:
4699:
4650:
3889:
3884:
3672:
3489:
3479:
3284:
2515:
2395:
565:
541:
408:
365:
312:
2212:
Hatter, Lawrence B. A. "The Jay Charter: Rethinking the American National State in the West, 1796â1819,"
1482:
The Treaty also allowed people to pass freely across the USâCanada border to carry on trade and commerce.
225:), and facilitated ten years of peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the
199:
Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, Between His Britannic Majesty and the United States of America
38:
Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, Between His Britannic Majesty and The United States of America
5210:
4960:
4803:
4764:
4534:
4156:
3729:
3514:
3381:
3230:
3198:
2993:
2978:
2724:
2522:
2497:
2137:—— (2000). "Shaping the Politics of Public Opinion: Federalists and the Jay Treaty Debate".
289:
238:
355:
379:. Americans were outraged and Republicans in Jefferson's coalition demanded a declaration of war, but
5186:
5174:
5074:
5044:
4719:
4714:
4256:
4250:
4057:
3769:
3296:
3250:
3111:
2988:
2983:
2704:
2694:
2491:
2423:
1844:
1586:
983:
948:
842:
741:
663:
659:
631:
466:
293:
729:
488:
Map of forts occupied by the British prior to the Jay Treaty. Click the map to view a larger size. (
296:
for its advice and consent the following June. It was ratified by the Senate on June 24, 1795, by a
5180:
5119:
5100:
4709:
4615:
4590:
4369:
4176:
4019:
3583:
3494:
3474:
3257:
3037:
3015:
3010:
2971:
2625:
2561:
2361:
909:
672:
595:
558:
547:
470:
452:
396:
Washington sided with Hamilton. Hamilton devised a framework for negotiations, and Washington sent
301:
297:
261:
781:
in the United States by further dividing the two major political factions within the country. The
709:. Nevertheless, the United States has codified this right in the provisions of Section 289 of the
300:
vote of 20â10 (exactly the minimum number necessary for concurrence). It was also ratified by the
5285:
5040:
5035:
4866:
4724:
4620:
4583:
4515:
4460:
4379:
4322:
4292:
4051:
3918:
3724:
3719:
3578:
3535:
3524:
3262:
3240:
3003:
2205:
Citizens of Convenience: The Imperial Origins of American Nationhood on the U.S.âCanadian Border.
2154:
2125:
1039:
966:
778:
520:
376:
332:
230:
3593:
2349:
2116:
Estes, Todd (2001). "The Art of Presidential Leadership: George Washington and the Jay Treaty".
1704:
1256:
1223:
185:
5295:
5198:
5156:
5011:
4729:
4704:
4627:
4600:
4280:
4232:
4226:
4218:
4166:
4121:
3958:
3923:
3417:
3245:
3025:
3020:
2961:
2905:
2810:
2714:
2709:
2388:
2316:
2306:
2286:
2173:
2098:
1959:
1953:
1700:
1499:
1493:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1398:
1358:
1352:
1334:
1315:
1309:
1260:
1227:
1194:
1188:
1174:
1084:
979:
913:
809:
and show their anger towards him. Newspapers and cartoons showed Washington being sent to the
766:
606:
428:
305:
234:
1392:
4947:
4793:
4747:
4389:
4349:
4111:
4099:
3980:
3948:
3573:
3116:
3089:
2917:
2872:
2837:
2740:
2169:
The Jay Treaty Debate, Public Opinion, and the Evolution of Early American Political Culture
2146:
877:
866:
862:
798:
733:
698:
647:
458:
The boundary with Canada was vague in many places, and needed to be more sharply delineated.
320:
242:
5150:
5136:
5069:
4987:
4310:
4188:
4084:
3504:
3042:
2944:
2939:
2763:
2373:
1839:
999:
896:
771:
1884:"The Rupture of George Washington's and Thomas Jefferson's Friendship and Its Importance"
4942:
4752:
4610:
4605:
4595:
4384:
4374:
4354:
4104:
3588:
3396:
3084:
2369:
2024:
Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations I: The Creation of a Republican Empire,
1249:
1216:
952:
930:
926:
684:
of American sailors into the Royal Navy, which later became a key issue leading to the
524:
2357:
5244:
4915:
4785:
4578:
4344:
4151:
3306:
3049:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2332:
2193:
Fewster, Joseph M. "The Jay Treaty and British Ship Seizures: the Martinique Cases".
1609:
Lines Drawn upon the Water: First Nations and the Great Lakes Borders and Borderlands
1557:
1394:
Governing Transboundary Waters: Canada, the United States, and Indigenous Communities
718:
627:
590:
575:
416:
380:
210:
126:
4304:
4161:
3598:
3464:
3432:
3069:
2998:
2678:
806:
745:
643:
638:
622:
615:
611:
569:
424:
420:
257:
256:
and gained several of the primary American goals. This included the withdrawal of
17:
2300:
2167:
3032:
2745:
2083:
Charles, Joseph. "The Jay Treaty: The Origins of the American Party System", in
2078:
892:
858:
833:
706:
685:
681:
435:
344:
324:
274:
331:. This debate crystallized the emerging partisan divisions and shaped the new "
4403:
4364:
4126:
3427:
2620:
2344:
2296:
1114:
1102:
Encyclopedia of the Age of Political Revolutions and New Ideologies, 1760â1815
1022:
884:
810:
389:
375:
to capture nearly 300 neutral American merchant ships carrying goods from the
372:
189:
2320:
2208:
519:
The British agreed to vacate its forts in United States territoryâsix in the
2719:
2535:
1337:, "Thomas Pinckney's London Mission, 1792â1796, and the Impressment Issue".
753:
Federalists, the treaty repudiated the foreign policy of the opposing party.
383:
instead called for an embargo on trade with Britain. British officials told
278:
44:
2370:"British-American Diplomacy â The Jay Treaty 1794 and Associated Documents"
883:
in 1801, he did not repudiate the treaty. He kept the Federalist minister,
676:
commission never met and the boundary was settled after the War of 1812).
448:
had escaped to British lines and had been evacuated at the end of the war.
27:
1794 treaty between the U.S. and Great Britain to relieve post-war tension
5003:
2653:
2411:
2271:
Perkins, Bradford. "Lord Hawkesbury and the JayâGrenville Negotiations",
1775:
841:(no longer in that office by 1796), Democratic-Republican Representative
583:
308:
February 29, 1796, the day when ratifications were officially exchanged.
253:
131:
1647:
2283:
Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution
2276:
2158:
2129:
951:
between Britain and the United States, with a second installment under
579:
444:
Southern interests wanted monetary compensation for the planters whose
412:
4429:
1670:
Political Parties in a New Nation: The American Experience, 1776â1809
85:
4487:
Delegate to the Congress of the Confederation (1782â1783, 1788â1789)
2779:
2217:
2198:
2150:
2088:
371:
Without warning American officials, the British government used the
2305:. Vol. II, 1784â1826. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc.
697:
and countries of the two parties on the continent of America, (the
1495:
Slavery and the Founders: Race and Liberty in the Age of Jefferson
728:
354:
3460:
Longfellow HouseâWashington's Headquarters National Historic Site
2266:
The First Rapprochement: England and the United States, 1795â1805
1585:. United States Embassy, Consular Services Canada. Archived from
2077:(1923) remains the standard narrative of how treaty was written
1311:
Searching For the Forgotten War â 1812: United States of America
777:
The treaty was one of the major catalysts for the advent of the
4433:
2783:
2384:
993:
favor", but asserts with a consensus of historians that it was
4759:
1251:
The Jay Treaty: Political Battleground of the Founding Fathers
1218:
The Jay Treaty: Political Battleground of the Founding Fathers
1012:
785:, led by Hamilton, supported the treaty. On the contrary, the
2110:
The Age of Federalism: The Early American Republic, 1788â1800
2046:
From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776
947:
argued in 1955 that the treaty was the first to establish a
4656:"Report on a Plan for the Further Support of Public Credit"
2380:
288:
The Jay Treaty was signed on November 19, 1794, during the
1804:. US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives
1533:"The Jay Treaty Free Passage Right in Theory and Practice"
1833:"Two Advisory Opinions by Chief Justice Oliver Ellsworth"
438:
U.S. sailors into the Royal Navy to fight against France.
4473:
8th Senior Officer of the United States Army (1799â1800)
2238:
Boston College International and Comparative Law Journal
2095:
The Jay Treaty: Political Background of Founding Fathers
400:
John Jay to London to negotiate a comprehensive treaty.
1278:
1276:
2358:"Primary Documents in American History â Jay's Treaty"
217:
that averted war, resolved issues remaining since the
1471:
An Interpretive History of American Foreign Relations
1354:
Emperor of Liberty: Thomas Jefferson's Foreign Policy
1190:
The Brief American Pageant: A History of the Republic
699:
country within the limits of the Hudson's Bay Company
403:
The U.S. government had several outstanding issues:
335:", with the Federalists favoring the British and the
315:
in each state. An effort was made to block it in the
3500:
Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy
2207:
Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2017.
1187:
David M. Kennedy; Lizabeth Cohen; Mel Piehl (2016).
5135:
5062:
4977:
4885:
4824:
4740:
4671:
4549:
4496:
4332:
4217:
4067:
3559:
3410:
3367:
3150:
3100:
2867:
2733:
2687:
2646:
2613:
2583:
2549:
2474:
174:
139:
106:
91:
81:
66:
54:
37:
3707:General George Washington Resigning His Commission
1248:
1215:
229:, which began in 1792. The treaty was designed by
3668:George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door
2075:Jay's Treaty: A Study in Commerce and Diplomacy
2059:Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation
1798:"The House Appropriated Funds for Jay's Treaty"
1296:Jay's Treaty: A Study in Commerce and Diplomacy
1154:Jay's Treaty: A Study in Commerce and Diplomacy
4509:A Full Vindication of the Measures of Congress
3744:George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton
3112:Initiated, co-wrote, 1769 Virginia Association
4775:Advisor, George Washington's Farewell Address
4445:
2795:
2536:Jay Court, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
2396:
1558:"Border Crossing Rights Under the Jay Treaty"
500:
8:
4663:Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures
1045:Timeline of United States diplomatic history
32:
3165:1788â89 United States presidential election
1768:"Frederick Muhlenberg â the Speakers House"
1449:A Diplomatic History of the American People
62:between Great Britain and the United States
4452:
4438:
4430:
2802:
2788:
2780:
2448:United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs
2403:
2389:
2381:
2118:Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
1255:. University of California Press. p.
762:treaty; one of their rallying cries said:
527:âby June 1796; which was done. They were:
507:
493:
31:
4480:1st Secretary of the Treasury (1789â1795)
4137:WashingtonâRochambeau Revolutionary Route
3880:Washington and Jefferson National Forests
3611:Washington Monument (Boonsboro, Maryland)
1552:
1550:
5276:Treaties of the Kingdom of Great Britain
4679:New York Provincial Company of Artillery
4529:Delegate, 1787 Constitutional Convention
3275:United States Capitol cornerstone laying
3137:Chairman, 1787 Constitutional Convention
2329:Foreign Policies of the Founding Fathers
2273:The Mississippi Valley Historical Review
1958:. Oxford University Press. p. 412.
865:on the subject written by Chief Justice
529:
461:The British were providing munitions to
3465:Ford Mansion, Washington's headquarters
3357:John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations
3142:George Washington's political evolution
2108:Elkins, Stanley M. and Eric McKitrick,
1065:
740:Washington submitted the treaty to the
711:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
5326:William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville
5311:Indigenous rights in the United States
4247:(step-granddaughter, adopted daughter)
3546:Electoral history of George Washington
2432:1st Chief Justice of the United States
2285:. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 1997.
2275:, 40#2 (Sep. 1953), pp. 291â304
1055:United KingdomâUnited States relations
1050:Timeline of British diplomatic history
120:William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville
5281:United KingdomâUnited States treaties
4209:Attempted theft of Washington's skull
4090:Founding Fathers of the United States
2913:Washington in the American Revolution
2769:Founding Fathers of the United States
2464:President of the Continental Congress
2172:. University of Massachusetts Press.
1695:
1693:
1691:
1282:
392:cast a tie-breaking vote against it.
7:
4900:Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House
3865:Washington Masonic National Memorial
3693:General George Washington at Trenton
3551:Post-presidency of George Washington
3127:Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture
2918:Commander-in-chief, Continental Army
2659:John Jay College of Criminal Justice
2591:Letters to the inhabitants of Canada
1583:"First Nations and Native Americans"
407:The British were occupying forts on
4641:"First Report on the Public Credit"
4524:Delegate, 1786 Annapolis Convention
4204:George Washington Memorial Building
3270:Presidential Succession Act of 1792
2725:Jacobus Van Cortlandt (grandfather)
736:was harshly critical of the treaty.
359:John Jay, chief American negotiator
343:, as tensions escalated toward the
281:in exchange for some limits on the
3870:George Washington Memorial Parkway
3860:Washington University in St. Louis
2504:Committee of Secret Correspondence
2035:Elkins and McKitrick, pp. 396â402.
1980:The Democratic Republic, 1801â1815
1141:The Democratic Republic: 1801â1815
1089:John Marshall: Definer of a Nation
398:Chief Justice of the United States
311:The treaty was hotly contested by
25:
4921:Hamilton Grange National Memorial
4564:Revenue Marine (U.S. Coast Guard)
3060:Resignation as commander-in-chief
1705:"'Impeach President Washington!'"
1308:Patrick Richard Carstens (2011).
1222:. U of California Press. p.
1193:. Cengage Learning. p. 149.
969:that the treaty was a "bad one":
455:to be reopened to American trade.
5225:
5224:
4646:"Second Report on Public Credit"
4413:
4412:
4194:Mount Vernon Ladies' Association
3974:Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins
3679:Washington Crossing the Delaware
3117:Initiated, 1774 Fairfax Resolves
2952:New York and New Jersey campaign
2440:United States Secretary of State
2343:
2087:, (1955) 12#4 pp. 581â630
1863:George Washington's Mount Vernon
1646:, vol. 37, no. 3, 2017, p. 459.
557:Lake Champlain –
546:Lake Champlain –
292:in France, and submitted to the
209:, was a 1794 treaty between the
180:
161:
147:
125:
113:
43:
5301:Presidency of George Washington
5108:"American System" economic plan
4559:First Bank of the United States
3700:Washington at Verplanck's Point
3616:Washington Monument (Baltimore)
3485:President's House, Philadelphia
3322:State of the Union Address 1790
2604:The Selected Papers of John Jay
2456:United States Minister to Spain
1631:Building the Continental Empire
1498:. Routledge. pp. 171â172.
434:The British were continuing to
5085:American Philosophical Society
4910:Alexander Hamilton High School
4239:George Washington Parke Custis
4172:American Philosophical Society
3934:America the Beautiful quarters
3778:George Washington on Horseback
3730:The Washington Family portrait
3077:Washington Before Boston Medal
2825:President of the United States
1742:
1730:
1683:The Rise of American Democracy
1072:
411:in the Great Lakes region, at
1:
3969:250th Anniversary half dollar
3929:D.C. and territories quarters
3750:Reception at Trenton painting
3541:Washington and Lee University
3510:James River and Kanawha Canal
3352:Federal judicial appointments
2967:Battle of the Assunpink Creek
2216:37 (September 2013): 693â726
2139:Journal of the Early Republic
1952:Elkins and McKitrick (1995).
1942:Elkins and McKitrick, p. 410.
1757:, American Foreign Relations.
1659:Elkins and McKitrick, p. 405.
1644:Journal of the Early Republic
1100:Gregory Fremont-Barnes, ed.,
252:The treaty was negotiated by
5096:New York Manumission Society
4574:Hamiltonian economic program
4241:(step-grandson, adopted son)
3855:George Washington University
3714:Surrender of Lord Cornwallis
3605:The Apotheosis of Washington
3204:Cabinet of the United States
3132:1785 Mount Vernon Conference
2710:John Clarkson Jay (grandson)
2557:New York Manumission Society
1351:Francis D. Cogliano (2014).
1339:International History Review
1143:(1968) pp. 139, 145, 155â56.
523:and two at the north end of
49:First page of the Jay Treaty
5306:CanadaâUnited States border
5145:Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton
4938:Hamilton Heights, Manhattan
4770:Pacificus-Helvidius Debates
3686:The Passage of the Delaware
3480:Second Presidential Mansion
2848:Second Continental Congress
2695:Sarah Livingston Jay (wife)
2188:Quarterly Journal of Speech
1537:American Indian Law Journal
960:even more closely together.
899:superseded the Jay Treaty.
787:Democratic-Republican Party
233:and supported by President
95:February 29, 1796
70:November 19, 1794
5347:
4852:Columbia University statue
4275:Elizabeth Washington Lewis
3902:WashingtonâFranklin Issues
3475:First Presidential Mansion
3280:Proclamation of Neutrality
3182:1792 presidential election
2858:First Continental Congress
2836:Commander-in-Chief of the
2831:Senior Officer of the Army
2195:William and Mary Quarterly
2085:William and Mary Quarterly
1562:Pine Tree Legal Assistance
1451:(10th Ed. 1980) pp. 77â78.
1121:. Encyclopaedia Britannica
871:1796 presidential election
451:U.S. merchants wanted the
271:AmericanâCanadian boundary
223:American Revolutionary War
5220:
5007:(1997 documentary series)
4905:Alexander Hamilton Bridge
4811:Relationship with slavery
4781:Society of the Cincinnati
4779:President General of the
4760:Founder, Bank of New York
4748:Founder, Federalist Party
4467:
4398:
4037:The War that Made America
3765:Princeton Battle Monument
3531:Society of the Cincinnati
3529:President General of the
3312:Thanksgiving Proclamation
3219:Secretary of the Treasury
2928:Washington's headquarters
2901:Battle of the Monongahela
2817:
2418:
2248:: 313â340. Archived from
2246:Boston College Law School
1668:William Nisbet Chambers.
1427:. ABC-CLIO. p. 739.
1397:. Routledge. p. 36.
1379:Journal of Modern History
1247:Combs, Jerald A. (1970).
905:Constitutional Convention
803:Constitutional Convention
600:Mackinac Island, Michigan
283:American export of cotton
227:French Revolutionary Wars
179:
42:
5169:James Alexander Hamilton
4799:HamiltonâReynolds affair
4651:"Report On Manufactures"
4541:New York Circular Letter
4269:Augustine Washington Jr.
4029:Turn: Washington's Spies
3875:George Washington Bridge
3520:Congressional Gold Medal
3199:Title of "Mr. President"
2933:office and sleeping tent
2896:Battle of Fort Necessity
2597:New York Circular Letter
2424:2nd Governor of New York
1848:, Vol. 6, p. 413 (2003).
1357:. Yale UP. p. 121.
1314:. Xlibris. p. 178.
1214:Jerald A. Combs (1970).
419:in modern-day Michigan,
337:Jeffersonian republicans
260:units from forts in the
247:Jeffersonian Republicans
201:, commonly known as the
4969:Trinity Church Cemetery
4895:Boyhood home and museum
4319:(2nd great-grandfather)
3939:American Women quarters
3845:Washington, D.C. statue
3760:Trenton Battle Monument
3736:Washington at Princeton
3428:Ferry Farm boyhood home
3302:Slave Trade Act of 1794
3236:Oath Administration Act
3122:Continental Association
3065:Badge of Military Merit
2957:Delaware River crossing
2486:Continental Association
2232:Nickels, Bryan (2001).
2203:Hatter, Lawrence B. A.
2166:—— (2006).
2026:(1995) pp. 99â100, 124.
2011:The First Rapprochement
1838:March 10, 2016, at the
1650:Retrieved 21 Dec. 2022.
1531:Smith, Caitlin (2012).
1492:Paul Finkelman (2014).
1391:Emma S. Norman (2014).
1341:2#4 (1980): pp. 523â41.
219:Treaty of Paris of 1783
5205:Alexander Hamilton Jr.
5163:Alexander Hamilton Jr.
5080:American Enlightenment
5015:(2002 animated series)
3885:Washington Square Park
3673:Revolutionary War Door
3490:Germantown White House
3392:Washington and slavery
3285:Neutrality Act of 1794
2759:Boston relief portrait
1165:Perkins (1955) pp. 2â4
1004:
975:
962:
847:Committee of the Whole
845:, was chairman of the
755:
737:
692:American Indian rights
554:Fort Dutchman's Point
360:
5211:Allan McLane Hamilton
4928:(Columbia University)
4805:Rutgers v. Waddington
4788:New-York Evening Post
4765:Bank of North America
4535:The Federalist Papers
4199:Mount Vernon replicas
4157:General of the Armies
4132:Washington's Crossing
3964:Washington half eagle
3594:Washington's Birthday
3515:Mountain Road Lottery
3382:The Washington Papers
3231:Judiciary Act of 1789
2994:Battle of White Marsh
2979:Philadelphia campaign
2886:French and Indian War
2523:The Federalist Papers
2510:New York Constitution
2498:Olive Branch Petition
2145:(3). JSTOR: 393â422.
2124:(2). JSTOR: 127â158.
2073:Bemis, Samuel Flagg.
1955:The Age of Federalism
1772:www.speakershouse.org
1381:20.1 (1948): p. 1â18.
1025:is shown casting the
995:
971:
957:
889:MonroeâPinkney Treaty
750:
732:
536:Present-day location
469:with settlers in the
358:
341:MonroeâPinkney Treaty
290:Thermidorian Reaction
5291:Northwest Indian War
5266:1795 in American law
5187:Eliza Hamilton Holly
5175:John Church Hamilton
5075:Age of Enlightenment
4847:U.S. Treasury statue
4569:U.S. Customs Service
4257:Mary Ball Washington
4251:Augustine Washington
4245:Eleanor Parke Custis
4122:Cherry-tree anecdote
4005:A More Perfect Union
3954:Silver bullion coins
3813:New York City statue
3377:Presidential library
3251:Militia Acts of 1792
3192:Reception at Trenton
2989:Battle of Germantown
2984:Battle of Brandywine
2492:Petition to the King
2197:1988 45(3): 426â452
2190:1990 76(4): 415â434.
1933:Elkins and McKitrick
1335:Charles R. Ritcheson
1152:Samuel Flagg Bemis,
949:special relationship
843:Frederick Muhlenberg
839:Speaker of the House
742:United States Senate
725:Approval and dissent
664:Ogdensburg, New York
660:Saint Lawrence River
632:Youngstown, New York
473:(Ohio and Michigan).
294:United States Senate
245:and the anti-Treaty
5316:1795 in British law
5181:William S. Hamilton
5120:American Revolution
5101:African Free School
4867:U.S. postage stamps
4842:Central Park statue
4616:Coinage Act of 1792
4591:Funding Act of 1790
4313:(great-grandfather)
4299:Lawrence Washington
4263:Lawrence Washington
4177:American Revolution
4021:We Fight to Be Free
3986:Cultural depictions
3897:U.S. Postage stamps
3850:West Point monument
3835:Philadelphia statue
3720:Unfinished portrait
3584:Washington Monument
3453:Woodlawn Plantation
3258:Coinage Act of 1792
3187:Second inauguration
3038:Newburgh Conspiracy
3016:Sullivan Expedition
3011:Battles of Saratoga
2972:Battle of Princeton
2720:James Jay (brother)
2715:John Jay (grandson)
2626:Jay Heritage Center
2569:JayâGardoqui Treaty
2562:African Free School
2362:Library of Congress
2264:Perkins, Bradford.
2252:on October 13, 2013
2214:Diplomatic History,
1914:www.mountvernon.org
1890:. February 12, 2020
1822:Rakove, pp. 355â365
910:executive privilege
801:, president of the
673:most favored nation
596:Straits of Mackinac
559:North Hero, Vermont
548:Champlain, New York
453:British West Indies
298:two-thirds majority
273:were to be sent to
262:Northwest Territory
34:
5331:Alexander Hamilton
5321:Eponymous treaties
5020:Alexander Hamilton
4996:Alexander Hamilton
4963:Alexander Hamilton
4955:Alexander Hamilton
4816:BurrâHamilton duel
4584:Compromise of 1790
4517:The Farmer Refuted
4461:Alexander Hamilton
4380:Christopher Sheels
4323:Bushrod Washington
4293:Charles Washington
4287:John A. Washington
4142:1751 Barbados trip
4031:(2014â2017 series)
3919:Washington quarter
3830:Perth Amboy statue
3818:Wall Street statue
3798:Mexico City statue
3725:Lansdowne portrait
3536:Washington College
3525:Thanks of Congress
3448:Whiskey distillery
3263:United States Mint
3241:Nonintercourse Act
3209:Secretary of State
3170:First inauguration
3004:Battle of Monmouth
2633:John Jay Homestead
2093:Combs, Jerald. A.
2061:(2000) pp. 136â37.
1978:Marshall Smelser,
1778:on August 19, 2021
1701:Beschloss, Michael
1447:Thomas A. Bailey,
1419:Tucker, Spencer C.
1139:Marshall Smelser,
1040:First Party System
1007:In popular culture
779:First Party System
767:Town hall meetings
759:treaty with France
738:
715:as amended in 1965
662: –
646: –
630: –
614: –
598: –
578: –
521:Great Lakes region
377:French West Indies
361:
333:First Party System
302:British government
231:Alexander Hamilton
18:Jay Treaty of 1794
5238:
5237:
5199:Schuyler Hamilton
5157:Angelica Hamilton
5055:(2020 miniseries)
5031:(2008 miniseries)
4832:Trumbull portrait
4730:Siege of Yorktown
4628:Whiskey Rebellion
4601:Bank Bill of 1791
4427:
4426:
4281:Samuel Washington
4233:John Parke Custis
4227:Martha Washington
4167:American Foxhound
4047:(2020 miniseries)
4039:(2006 miniseries)
3992:George Washington
3959:Washington nickel
3944:Washington dollar
3924:50 State Quarters
3907:1932 bicentennial
3803:Morristown statue
3661:George Washington
3653:George Washington
3645:George Washington
3637:George Washington
3622:George Washington
3297:Pinckney's Treaty
3246:Whiskey Rebellion
3026:Siege of Yorktown
3021:Yorktown campaign
2962:Battle of Trenton
2906:Forbes Expedition
2873:Revolutionary War
2811:George Washington
2777:
2776:
2705:William Jay (son)
2348:Works related to
2221:Negus, Samuel D.
2179:978-1-5584-9515-9
2048:(2008) pp. 73, 78
1802:history.house.gov
1710:American Heritage
1620:Varg, 1963 p. 95.
1589:on April 22, 2009
1175:Gouverneur Morris
1085:Jean Edward Smith
1021:, Vice President
984:Pinckney's Treaty
980:Mississippi River
914:Martha Washington
669:
668:
427:in New York, and
235:George Washington
221:(which ended the
195:
194:
16:(Redirected from
5338:
5228:
5227:
4948:Hamilton College
4794:Hamilton College
4489:
4482:
4475:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4431:
4416:
4415:
4390:Harry Washington
4350:Caroline Branham
4112:Virginia dynasty
4100:Federalist Party
4080:List of articles
3994:(1984 miniseries
3981:Mount Washington
3949:Lafayette dollar
3788:Baltimore statue
3579:Washington state
3574:Washington, D.C.
3317:Farewell Address
3224:Secretary of War
3214:Attorney General
2838:Continental Army
2804:
2797:
2790:
2781:
2741:Federalist Party
2638:Government House
2467:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2382:
2377:
2365:
2347:
2324:
2281:Rakove, Jack N.
2261:
2259:
2257:
2224:
2183:
2162:
2133:
2062:
2055:
2049:
2044:George Herring,
2042:
2036:
2033:
2027:
2020:
2014:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1855:
1849:
1831:Casto, William.
1829:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1774:. Archived from
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1697:
1686:
1679:
1673:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1640:
1634:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1612:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1452:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1388:
1382:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1348:
1342:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1305:
1299:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1254:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1221:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1150:
1144:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1092:
1082:
1076:
1070:
945:Bradford Perkins
881:became president
878:Thomas Jefferson
867:Oliver Ellsworth
863:advisory opinion
830:
829:
825:
799:Continental Army
783:Federalist Party
734:Thomas Jefferson
655:Fort Oswegatchie
648:Oswego, New York
530:
509:
502:
495:
463:Native Americans
321:Federalist Party
184:
183:
167:
165:
164:
157:
153:
151:
150:
130:
129:
118:
117:
102:
100:
77:
75:
60:post-war tension
47:
35:
21:
5346:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5271:1790s in London
5261:1795 in England
5241:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5216:
5193:Philip Hamilton
5151:Philip Hamilton
5131:
5113:American School
5070:Founders Online
5058:
4979:Popular culture
4973:
4881:
4820:
4736:
4672:Military career
4667:
4551:
4545:
4500:founding events
4499:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4463:
4458:
4428:
4423:
4394:
4328:
4311:John Washington
4213:
4189:Betsy Ross flag
4085:Founders Online
4063:
3840:Portland statue
3563:
3555:
3505:Potomac Company
3470:Hasbrouck House
3406:
3387:Religious views
3369:
3363:
3175:inaugural bible
3154:
3146:
3104:founding events
3103:
3096:
3043:Newburgh letter
3033:Culper Spy Ring
2945:Siege of Boston
2940:Boston campaign
2891:Jumonville Glen
2881:Military career
2871:
2869:Military career
2863:
2813:
2808:
2778:
2773:
2764:Founders Online
2755:(1783 painting)
2752:Treaty of Paris
2729:
2700:Peter Jay (son)
2683:
2642:
2609:
2579:
2545:
2529:papers, 1787-88
2516:Treaty of Paris
2477:
2476:Founding of the
2470:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2438:
2430:
2422:
2414:
2409:
2374:Yale Law School
2368:
2356:
2341:
2327:Varg, Paul A.
2313:
2295:
2255:
2253:
2231:
2222:
2180:
2165:
2151:10.2307/3125063
2136:
2115:
2112:. (1994), ch. 9
2070:
2065:
2056:
2052:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2021:
2017:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1910:"Press Attacks"
1908:
1907:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1888:historyarch.com
1882:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1859:"James Madison"
1857:
1856:
1852:
1840:Wayback Machine
1830:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1753:
1749:
1741:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1699:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1676:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1641:
1637:
1629:William Weeks,
1628:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1606:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:, (1974) p. 55.
1469:Wayne S. Cole,
1468:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1405:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1147:
1138:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1095:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1036:
1027:tiebreaker vote
1009:
1000:Monroe Doctrine
923:
897:Treaty of Ghent
895:. In 1815, the
827:
823:
822:
772:William Bingham
727:
694:
517:
516:
515:
513:
480:
366:Treaty of Paris
353:
327:, and undercut
181:
162:
160:
148:
146:
145:
124:
112:
98:
96:
73:
71:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5344:
5342:
5334:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5243:
5242:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5208:
5202:
5196:
5190:
5184:
5178:
5172:
5166:
5160:
5154:
5148:
5141:
5139:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5117:
5116:
5115:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5093:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5066:
5064:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5048:
5032:
5024:
5016:
5012:Liberty's Kids
5008:
5000:
4992:
4983:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4958:
4950:
4945:
4943:Hamilton, Ohio
4940:
4935:
4929:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4891:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4877:U.S. $ 10 bill
4874:
4869:
4864:
4862:Chicago statue
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4783:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4753:Federalist Era
4744:
4742:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4695:Harlem Heights
4689:
4681:
4675:
4673:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4613:
4611:Tariff of 1792
4608:
4606:Tariff of 1791
4603:
4598:
4596:Tariff of 1790
4593:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4513:
4504:
4502:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4483:
4476:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4434:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4408:
4407:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4385:Deborah Squash
4382:
4377:
4375:Hercules Posey
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4355:William Costin
4352:
4347:
4342:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4320:
4314:
4308:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4272:
4271:(half-brother)
4266:
4265:(half-brother)
4260:
4254:
4248:
4242:
4236:
4230:
4223:
4221:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4105:Federalist Era
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4049:
4041:
4033:
4025:
4017:
4009:
4001:
3996:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3740:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3657:
3649:
3641:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3589:Mount Rushmore
3586:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3568:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3411:Life and homes
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3397:Town Destroyer
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3373:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3201:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3184:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3167:
3161:
3159:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3062:
3057:
3055:Evacuation Day
3052:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2851:
2841:
2834:
2828:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2784:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2600:
2594:
2587:
2585:
2584:Other writings
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2571:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2494:(1774, signed)
2489:
2488:(1774, signed)
2482:
2480:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2428:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2366:
2352:at Wikisource
2340:
2339:External links
2337:
2336:
2335:
2325:
2312:978-0837123486
2311:
2293:
2279:
2269:
2262:
2229:
2219:
2210:
2201:
2191:
2184:
2178:
2163:
2134:
2113:
2106:
2091:
2081:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2057:Joseph Ellis,
2050:
2037:
2028:
2015:
2002:
1993:
1991:Perkins p. vii
1984:
1971:
1964:
1944:
1935:
1926:
1901:
1875:
1850:
1824:
1815:
1789:
1759:
1755:"Jayâs Treaty"
1747:
1745:, pp. 398â399.
1735:
1723:
1687:
1681:Sean Wilentz,
1674:
1672:(1963), p. 80.
1661:
1652:
1635:
1622:
1613:
1607:Karl S. Hele,
1600:
1574:
1546:
1523:
1511:
1504:
1484:
1475:
1462:
1453:
1440:
1433:
1410:
1403:
1383:
1370:
1363:
1343:
1327:
1320:
1300:
1287:
1285:, p. 858.
1272:
1265:
1239:
1232:
1206:
1199:
1179:
1167:
1158:
1145:
1132:
1119:Britannica.com
1106:
1093:
1077:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1035:
1032:
1008:
1005:
953:Lord Salisbury
931:Eric McKitrick
927:Stanley Elkins
922:
919:
873:on the issue.
851:George Hammond
726:
723:
693:
690:
667:
666:
657:
651:
650:
641:
635:
634:
625:
619:
618:
609:
603:
602:
593:
587:
586:
573:
562:
561:
555:
551:
550:
544:
538:
537:
534:
525:Lake Champlain
512:
511:
504:
497:
489:
487:
486:
485:
479:
476:
475:
474:
467:armed conflict
459:
456:
449:
442:
439:
432:
409:U.S. territory
352:
349:
205:, and also as
193:
192:
177:
176:
172:
171:
170:
169:
158:
141:
137:
136:
135:
134:
122:
108:
104:
103:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
68:
64:
63:
56:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5343:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5256:1796 treaties
5254:
5252:
5251:1794 treaties
5249:
5248:
5246:
5231:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5212:
5209:
5206:
5203:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5185:
5182:
5179:
5176:
5173:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5118:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5106:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5061:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4932:Hamilton Hall
4930:
4927:
4926:Hamilton Hall
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4916:Fort Hamilton
4914:
4912:(Los Angeles)
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4857:Boston statue
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4837:Ceracchi bust
4835:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4684:Washington's
4682:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4664:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4579:Residence Act
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4548:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4498:United States
4495:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4455:
4450:
4448:
4443:
4441:
4436:
4435:
4432:
4420:
4419:
4410:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4360:Sarah Johnson
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4307:(grandmother)
4306:
4303:
4301:(grandfather)
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4152:Syng inkstand
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4095:Republicanism
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4059:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3808:Newark statue
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3793:Boston statue
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3783:Austin statue
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3771:Point of View
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3495:Custis estate
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3366:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3307:Residence Act
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3099:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:Asgill Affair
3048:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2923:Aides-de-camp
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2805:
2800:
2798:
2793:
2791:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2674:Jay, New York
2672:
2670:
2669:John Jay Park
2667:
2665:
2664:John Jay Hall
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2478:United States
2473:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2291:0-394-57858-9
2288:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2256:September 25,
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2228:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2103:0-520-01573-8
2100:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
2000:Perkins p. 1.
1997:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1965:9780199796052
1961:
1957:
1956:
1948:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1845:The Green Bag
1841:
1837:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1733:, pp. 127â158
1732:
1727:
1724:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1685:(2006) 67â68.
1684:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1648:JSTOR website
1645:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1611:(2008) p. 127
1610:
1604:
1601:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1505:9781317520252
1501:
1497:
1496:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1463:
1460:Bailey, p. 77
1457:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1434:9781598841572
1430:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1406:
1404:9781135040208
1400:
1396:
1395:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1366:
1364:9780300179934
1360:
1356:
1355:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1328:
1323:
1321:9781456867553
1317:
1313:
1312:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1266:9780520015739
1262:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1233:9780520015739
1229:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1210:
1207:
1202:
1200:9781305854765
1196:
1192:
1191:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1104:(2007) p. 438
1103:
1097:
1094:
1091:(1998) p. 177
1090:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1006:
1003:
1001:
994:
990:
987:
985:
981:
974:
970:
968:
961:
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
939:
937:
936:sine qua nons
932:
928:
920:
918:
915:
911:
906:
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
795:
790:
788:
784:
780:
775:
773:
768:
765:
760:
754:
749:
747:
743:
735:
731:
724:
722:
720:
719:blood quantum
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
691:
689:
687:
683:
677:
674:
665:
661:
658:
656:
653:
652:
649:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
633:
629:
628:Niagara River
626:
624:
621:
620:
617:
613:
610:
608:
605:
604:
601:
597:
594:
592:
591:Fort Mackinac
589:
588:
585:
581:
577:
576:Detroit River
574:
571:
567:
566:Fort Lernoult
564:
563:
560:
556:
553:
552:
549:
545:
543:
540:
539:
535:
532:
531:
528:
526:
522:
510:
505:
503:
498:
496:
491:
490:
484:
477:
472:
468:
464:
460:
457:
454:
450:
447:
443:
440:
437:
433:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
405:
404:
401:
399:
393:
391:
386:
385:First Nations
382:
381:James Madison
378:
374:
369:
367:
357:
350:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:republicanism
326:
322:
318:
314:
313:Jeffersonians
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
263:
259:
255:
250:
248:
244:
240:
237:. It angered
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
215:Great Britain
212:
211:United States
208:
204:
200:
191:
187:
178:
173:
168:United States
159:
156:
155:Great Britain
144:
143:
142:
138:
133:
128:
123:
121:
116:
111:
110:
109:
105:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
46:
41:
36:
30:
19:
5090:Liberty Hall
5050:
5041:2015 musical
5034:
5026:
5018:
5010:
5002:
4994:
4986:
4962:
4954:
4804:
4787:
4741:Other events
4700:White Plains
4686:aide-de-camp
4685:
4632:
4552:the Treasury
4550:Secretary of
4533:
4516:
4508:
4411:
4404:John Adams â
4402:
4317:George Reade
4305:Mildred Gale
4162:Conway Cabal
4117:Coat of arms
4075:Bibliography
4052:
4044:
4036:
4028:
4020:
4013:The Crossing
4012:
4004:
3999:1986 sequel)
3991:
3825:Paris statue
3770:
3742:
3735:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3660:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3629:plaster copy
3621:
3603:
3599:Purple Heart
3433:Mount Vernon
3370:public image
3291:
3070:Purple Heart
2999:Valley Forge
2750:
2679:Jay, Vermont
2602:
2573:
2550:Other events
2538:(1789-1795,
2521:
2350:Jay's Treaty
2342:
2328:
2301:
2282:
2272:
2265:
2254:. Retrieved
2250:the original
2241:
2237:
2213:
2204:
2194:
2187:
2168:
2142:
2138:
2121:
2117:
2109:
2094:
2084:
2074:
2068:Bibliography
2058:
2053:
2045:
2040:
2031:
2023:
2018:
2010:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1979:
1974:
1954:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
1913:
1904:
1892:. Retrieved
1887:
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1862:
1853:
1843:
1827:
1818:
1806:. Retrieved
1801:
1792:
1780:. Retrieved
1776:the original
1771:
1762:
1750:
1738:
1726:
1714:. Retrieved
1708:
1682:
1677:
1669:
1664:
1655:
1643:
1638:
1630:
1625:
1616:
1608:
1603:
1591:. Retrieved
1587:the original
1577:
1565:. Retrieved
1561:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1514:
1494:
1487:
1478:
1470:
1465:
1456:
1448:
1443:
1423:
1413:
1393:
1386:
1378:
1373:
1353:
1346:
1338:
1330:
1310:
1303:
1295:
1290:
1250:
1242:
1217:
1209:
1189:
1182:
1170:
1161:
1153:
1148:
1140:
1135:
1125:November 19,
1123:. Retrieved
1118:
1115:"Jay Treaty"
1109:
1101:
1096:
1088:
1080:
1068:
1016:
1010:
996:
991:
988:
976:
972:
963:
958:
943:
940:
935:
924:
901:
875:
855:
819:
807:Mount Vernon
791:
776:
763:
756:
751:
739:
695:
678:
670:
644:Lake Ontario
639:Fort Ontario
623:Fort Niagara
616:Maumee, Ohio
612:Maumee River
570:Fort Detroit
518:
481:
478:Treaty terms
402:
394:
370:
362:
310:
287:
258:British Army
251:
207:Jay's Treaty
206:
202:
198:
196:
186:Jay's Treaty
29:
5023:(2004 book)
4999:(1931 film)
4991:(1917 play)
4370:William Lee
4023:(2006 film)
4015:(2000 film)
4007:(1989 film)
3655:(Greenough)
2840:(1775â1783)
2833:(1798â1799)
2827:(1789â1797)
2746:Arbitration
2458:, 1779-1782
2450:, 1784-1789
2434:, 1789-1795
2426:, 1795-1801
2297:Smith, Page
1868:January 19,
1808:January 19,
1743:Estes, 2000
1731:Estes, 2001
1716:January 19,
1298:(1923) ch 2
1156:(1923) ch 1
1073:Estes, 2006
1015:miniseries
982:and signed
967:Henry Adams
925:Historians
921:Evaluations
893:War of 1812
859:originalism
834:Fisher Ames
794:French navy
707:War of 1812
686:War of 1812
682:impressment
568:(including
542:Fort au Fer
345:War of 1812
325:aristocracy
306:took effect
275:arbitration
243:Federalists
107:Negotiators
58:To relieve
5245:Categories
5213:(grandson)
5207:(grandson)
5201:(grandson)
5189:(daughter)
5159:(daughter)
5052:Washington
5028:John Adams
4872:Greenbacks
4825:Depictions
4720:Germantown
4715:Brandywine
4633:Jay Treaty
4365:Oney Judge
4127:River Farm
4045:Washington
3663:(Trumbull)
3639:(Ceracchi)
3566:depictions
3423:Birthplace
3418:Early life
3292:Jay Treaty
3152:Presidency
3102:Other U.S.
2621:Jay Estate
2574:Jay Treaty
2302:John Adams
1919:August 18,
1894:August 18,
1782:August 19,
1521:, Cornell.
1283:Smith 1962
1061:References
1023:John Adams
1018:John Adams
885:Rufus King
811:guillotine
748:explains,
607:Fort Miami
390:John Adams
373:Royal Navy
323:, promote
203:Jay Treaty
190:Wikisource
99:1796-02-29
74:1794-11-19
33:Jay Treaty
5286:Quasi-War
5045:2020 film
4887:Memorials
4786:Founder,
4710:Princeton
4621:U.S. Mint
4295:(brother)
4289:(brother)
4283:(brother)
4235:(stepson)
3773:sculpture
3738:paintings
3561:Memorials
3443:Gristmill
3368:Views and
3157:timeline)
2647:Namesakes
2506:(1775-76)
2466:, 1778-79
2442:, 1789-90
2321:852986620
2022:Perkins,
2009:Perkins:
1543:(1): 161.
815:impeached
746:Paul Varg
471:Northwest
279:Caribbean
175:Full text
92:Effective
5296:John Jay
5230:Category
5125:patriots
5036:Hamilton
5004:Liberty!
4988:Hamilton
4725:Monmouth
4691:Battles
4637:Reports
4418:Category
4325:(nephew)
4277:(sister)
4259:(mother)
4253:(father)
4182:patriots
4147:Category
4053:Hamilton
3914:Currency
3647:(Canova)
3624:(Houdon)
3090:Blueskin
2854:Delegate
2844:Delegate
2654:Fort Jay
2412:John Jay
2331:. 1963.
2299:(1962).
2277:in JSTOR
2199:in JSTOR
2097:(1970) (
2089:in JSTOR
1836:Archived
1703:(2017).
1633:, p. 23.
1593:March 3,
1567:June 10,
1421:(2014).
1034:See also
584:Michigan
417:Mackinac
267:Loyalist
254:John Jay
132:John Jay
82:Location
5063:Related
4934:(Salem)
4705:Trenton
4068:Related
3755:Statues
3438:Fishery
3347:Cabinet
3081:Horses
2856:to the
2846:to the
2734:Related
2159:3125063
2130:4249911
1982:(1968).
1294:Bemis,
1075:, p. 15
1011:In the
826:⁄
703:Indians
580:Detroit
436:impress
421:Niagara
413:Detroit
140:Parties
97: (
72: (
55:Context
5147:(wife)
5137:Family
5092:(N.J.)
4519:(1775)
4511:(1774)
4333:Slaves
4229:(wife)
4219:Family
3402:Legacy
3085:Nelson
2860:(1774)
2850:(1775)
2688:Family
2599:(1788)
2593:(1775)
2576:(1794)
2518:(1783)
2512:(1777)
2500:(1775)
2333:online
2319:
2309:
2289:
2227:online
2176:
2157:
2128:
2101:
2079:online
1962:
1502:
1431:
1401:
1361:
1318:
1263:
1230:
1197:
446:slaves
429:Maumee
425:Oswego
351:Issues
304:, and
239:France
166:
152:
86:London
67:Signed
5195:(son)
5183:(son)
5177:(son)
5171:(son)
5165:(son)
5153:(son)
4345:Betty
2614:Homes
2540:cases
2268:1955.
2244:(2).
2155:JSTOR
2126:JSTOR
2013:p. 3.
876:When
533:Name
317:House
4953:USS
4340:List
4058:film
3890:Arch
3564:and
3342:1796
3337:1793
3332:1792
3327:1791
2317:OCLC
2307:ISBN
2287:ISBN
2258:2012
2174:ISBN
2099:ISBN
1960:ISBN
1921:2021
1896:2021
1870:2022
1810:2022
1784:2021
1718:2022
1595:2009
1569:2019
1500:ISBN
1429:ISBN
1399:ISBN
1359:ISBN
1316:ISBN
1261:ISBN
1228:ISBN
1195:ISBN
1127:2019
929:and
713:and
423:and
415:and
213:and
197:The
4961:PS
2822:1st
2147:doi
2122:109
1519:INA
1257:121
1224:120
1013:HBO
465:in
188:at
5247::
5043:,
2372:.
2360:.
2315:.
2242:24
2240:.
2236:.
2153:.
2143:20
2141:.
2120:.
1912:.
1886:.
1861:.
1842:,
1800:.
1770:.
1707:.
1690:^
1560:.
1549:^
1539:.
1535:.
1275:^
1259:.
1226:.
1117:.
1087:,
774:.
688:.
582:,
572:)
347:.
285:.
249:.
5047:)
5039:(
4453:e
4446:t
4439:v
4060:)
4056:(
3155:(
2803:e
2796:t
2789:v
2542:)
2404:e
2397:t
2390:v
2376:.
2364:.
2323:.
2260:.
2223:"
2182:.
2161:.
2149::
2132:.
1968:.
1923:.
1898:.
1872:.
1812:.
1786:.
1720:.
1597:.
1571:.
1541:1
1508:.
1437:.
1407:.
1367:.
1324:.
1269:.
1236:.
1203:.
1129:.
828:3
824:2
514:)
508:e
501:t
494:v
101:)
76:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
