377:, gives rise to fears of a postponement of the expedition. To overcome this problem, La Rocque decided to send Cartier immediately to Canada with more than half of the fleet so that the colonial settlement would be ready when he came to join him. But when Cartier is at sea, tension escalates between France and Spain following the assassination of two French ambassadors by the Spaniards in Italy. The threatening war then encouraged La Rocque to stay in France to participate in the looming conflict. François I finally gives up starting hostilities and it is now too late to go to Canada. Roberval then decides to spend the winter on the tip of
27:
421:, Cartier found himself facing the ships from La Rocque on their way to the colony. Cartier may well explain his difficulties with the Stadaconians and show the so-called precious metals and gems, Roberval has nothing to do with it and orders Cartier and his people to return to the colony. But during the night, the latter decided instead to take to sea again, thus disobeying official orders. This decision will have serious consequences for the Saint-Malo sailor.
95:
432:, reports that on their way to the colony, La Rocque forced a couple to disembark on a small island. Only the woman survived and was recovered the following year. By regaining control of the colony abandoned by Cartier and his team, the Sieur de Roberval renamed several places: the river became France Prime and the colony of
328:
It is probable that the Sieur de
Roberval heard of the Canadian colonial project on his return to court in 1538. According to sources, he devoted himself to rebuilding his former regiment with the young son of Robert de La Mark. It remains that until 1540, François I refused all projects that could
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and
Roberval's men carry boats on their shoulders at the top of the first fall to study the waterways upstream. Going back downstream a little later, a boat capsized and eight people were drowned. Back in the colony, ships arrived from France with fresh supplies, but also letters from François Ist
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with its castle (and its archives) was bought by the Davène family, whose descendants still own it. Despite his military fame and his involvement in the
Canadian expedition, La Rocque de Roberval had difficulty entering the Pantheon of 16th-century explorers and colonizers, mainly because of his
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in 1559. Those who had not been killed on the battlefields paid the monetary debts they had incurred during the numerous conflicts of the first half of the 16th century, or scrounged to pay the ransom of
Francis I while he was detained in Spain. Roberval lived at the expense of the army while,
353:, unable to carry out all aspects of this mission, entrusted his organization to a lieutenant governor. The choice fell on La Rocque de Roberval, who had the advantages of being a noble soldier, leader of a man who will not back down from the enemy, an engineer in
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had to be repaired. La Rocque puts all the inhabitants of the region to work with many of the people who returned with him to Canada. In
September 1544, Charles V decided to sign peace with François I, but two days later the English seized the stronghold of
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and continued their advance towards the capital. Francis I finally repelled the attackers by sending an armada of 150 ships, sowing destruction along the
English coasts. La Rocque de Roberval and his regiment led the attack under the orders of
333:. But when this goodwill ceased in the fall of 1540, the French sovereign decided to increase the size of the original expedition and at the same time empty its overcrowded prisons. This first French colony will therefore include
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where his garrison had its quarters. With La Marck, he joined the ranks of the king's military officers and participated in most of the conflicts of the time. He distinguished himself among others, in Pavia (1525), at the
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decides to pack up his bags with a few barrels filled with stones and minerals that he believes are precious in his holds. The Sieur de
Roberval left La Rochelle on April 16, 1542, with three ships, and during a stop in
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and so it stayed in the family. From the 17th to the 18th century, the castle of
Roberval passed into the hands of great wealthy families in the La Marcks movement to which La Rocque had remained faithful. In 1784, the
228:. The first marriage (1482–87) having given no descendants, the Sieur de Roberval would be the son of a second wife (between 1487 and 1499), who died in the childhood of J-F de La Rocque. His father's third marriage (
444:, a clear sign that neither Cartier nor the Stadaconians had explained to them the recipe for Anneda which could cure this disease. In the spring, La Rocque took advantage of the good weather to go up the river to
357:
and a master of mines in France, aspects useful for the future colony. The political context also contributed to his appointment, because in 1540 the
Constable of Montmorency was in disgrace at Chantilly and
242:
circumstances. In addition to the land and estate from his father's weddings, he inherited from close relatives who died childless. Its lands and lordships were scattered over three regions of the kingdom of
824:
Lestringant, Franck. et
Laborie, J-C., Histoire d’André Thevet Angoumoisin de deux voyages par lui faits aux Indes Australes et Occidentales, édition critique par, J-C, Genève, Droz, 2006.
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Having no children, Roberval had made the necessary arrangements and left the family patrimony in the hands of his sisters. The only possession he had not officially bequeathed (the
235:) to Isabeau de Popincourt (who brought Roberval's possessions to La Rocques) resulted in the birth of three half-sisters and a half-brother: Marquise, Charlotte, Marie and Jean.
546:. His reputation was reduced or even blackened at the time of the religious wars in France (1562–1598) and it was not until the nineteenth century that he emerged again in
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spoke of him as Robert Valbringue. His marooning of Marguerite de la Roque de Roberval, his young relative, and her rescue is recounted in novella 67 of the
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to avenge those killed or wounded by the French. After a winter, logically in a state of siege and not seeing La Rocque de Roberval coming, the sailor from
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was in prison for corruption. It is therefore to the La Marcks not tainted with conflicts of interest that Francis I turns to designate the applicant.
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The complexity of his origins and his family can be explained by the three known marriages of his father, Bernard de La Rocque, military and former
830:
La Roque de Roquebrune, Robert, Roberval et sa colonie canadienne au XVIe siècle, dans Outre-Mers. Revue d'histoire, 1956, no 151, pp. 125–137
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in 1536 which blocked a Spanish attack towards Paris. At the end of the war of 1536–1538 he returned from Italy as a hero, but without its leader,
369:, must constantly be readjusted, but things are going well. It remains that the military equipment of La Rocque, which is slow to arrive from its
408:, but on his return, a confrontation took place between the settlers and the Stadaconians. As a result, thirty-five settlers were killed by the
793:
Bibaud, Michel, Histoire du Canada, sous la domination française, imprimerie Lovell et Gibson, Montréal, 1843, pp. 6, 33–35, 39–50, 58
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and the other on the cliff to protect the colony from attacks from the river. During the work, Cartier took the opportunity to go back to
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to retaliate an economic blockade of Spain by boarding ships and goods coming from Spain. La Rocque de Roberval set sail for Canada from
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and renewed relations with the Stadaconians who supplied the French establishment. During the long winter, about fifty settlers died of
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and the English were marching on Paris from the east and north of the kingdom. The following spring, the king assigned to
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d'Annebault. As one of the king's military officers, the Sieur de Roberval was involved in all such conflicts until the
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Morel, Emile, Jean-François de la Roque, Seigneur de Roberval, vice-roi du Canada, Paris, Leroux, 1893 (lire en ligne)
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protected from his creditors by kings or their families (Allaire, 2013). Roberval was assassinated at the dawn of the
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35:
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Braudel, F. (dir.), Le monde de Jacques Cartier : l'aventure au XVIe siècle, Montréal, Libre-Expression, 1984.
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Bernard Allaire, "Jacques Cartier" et "J-F de La Rocque de Roberval" dans l'encyclopédie Canadienne, 2015 (online)
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Biggar, H. P., A Collection of Documents relating to Jacques Cartier and the Sieur de Roberval, Ottawa, PAC, 1930.
528:) was seized and auctioned for debts incurred some 40 years previously. However, it was his nephew who bought the
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Collard, Jean-Claude, Roberval petit roi du Vimeu – Premier vice-roi du Canada, éditions La vague verte, 2008 (
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poem in Latin, "Robervalensis Epitaphium", is part of an anonymous collection of poems at the
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571:. André Thevet wrote on Jean-François de Roberval, including two versions of the legend of
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Laverdière, Camil, Le sieur de Roberval, Chicoutimi, les Éditions JCL. 2005, 160 pages. (
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with seventy soldiers and settlers in eight boats to reach the mythical place that the
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Bernard Allaire, La Rumeur Dorée: Roberval et l'Amérique, Montréal, La Presse, 2013 (
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of Amboise (March 17, 1560), on the occasion of the burial of a colleague in the
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303:. His membership in this regiment led him to travel, but above all to reside in
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d'Albret de Navarre, Marguerite, L’Heptaméron, Paris, Boaistuau, (1549), 1558.
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and after the 1960s that he is mentioned in public historical literature.
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Thevet, André, Les singularitez de la France Antarctique…, Paris 1558.
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the following spring, unaware that Spanish ships were sailing the
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McGill-Queen's University Press, Kingston, Ontario, p. 121
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valley in the first half of the 16th century with the explorer
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On his arrival in the fall of 1543, Roberval learned that the
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became France-Roy, etc. The latter restored the facilities at
20:
887:
Troilus de la Roche de Mesgouez, Marquis de la Roche-Mesgouez
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Pirate Novels. Fictions of Nation Building in Spanish America
16:
French officer and first lieutenant general of French Canada
279:, where the title by which it has made history comes from.
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De La Roncière, Charles Germaine Marie Bourel. (1909).
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who demanded their return to France because of the war.
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Financially speaking, Roberval benefited from favorable
181:, also named "l'élu de Poix" or the Sieur de Roberval, (
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Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in the Americas, 1500–1750
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André Thevet's North America: A Sixteenth-Century View
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by François Desprez, some of the costume woodcuts in
692:. Vol. I. Glasgow, Brook, & Co. p. 39.
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and to supervise prisoners sentenced to hard labor.
287:As a soldier, La Rocque worked under the orders of
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485:, the last stronghold north of the capital, whose
204:. He led the first French colonial attempt in the
392:In Canada, Jacques Cartier, set up the colony of
686:Shortt, Adam; Doughty, Arthur G., eds. (1914).
632:"Jean-François de La Rocque, Sieur de Roberval"
591:and Michel d'Amboise dedicated works to him. A
341:and soldiers to protect the establishment from
943:Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye
611:(Paris 1562) derive from Roberval's sketches.
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707:. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.).
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853:Attempts at Colonization in the 16th Century
365:The preparations, already well advanced by
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699:"La Rocque de Roberval, Jean-François de"
599:in Paris. According to the dedication to
329:endanger his political negotiations with
71:Learn how and when to remove this message
1101:French Calvinist and Reformed Christians
733:. Duke University Press, Durham, p. 22,
34:This article includes a list of general
1050:René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle
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1000:Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval
179:Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval
117:Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval
99:Sketch of de La Rocque de Roberval by
963:Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye
845:Jean-François de LaRocque de Roberval
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697:La Roque de Roquebrune, R. (1979) .
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428:, the sister of the King of France,
995:Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville
701:. In Brown, George Williams (ed.).
171:lieutenant general of French Canada
40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1106:French explorers of North America
161:French nobleman and civil servant
875:Lieutenant General of New France
847:by Robert La Roque de Roquebrune
704:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
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1091:16th-century Protestant martyrs
953:Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye
729:Gerassi-Navarro, Nina. (1999).
724:Histoire de la Marine Française
396:a few kilometers upstream from
584:Le Grand Insulaire et pilotage
456:" hoping to find the mythical
255:, the region of origin of the
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948:Jean Baptiste de La Vérendrye
538:religious opinions that were
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1020:Louis Juchereau de St. Denis
833:Allaire, (2013), p. 20.
516:in Paris on April 18, 1560.
324:Attempt at colonizing Canada
1045:Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons
1035:Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville
709:University of Toronto Press
569:Queen Marguerite of Navarre
295:and chief of the armies of
153:Roberval, Sieur de Roberval
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501:Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis
360:Admiral Philippe de Chabot
259:family. The second in the
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636:The Canadian Encyclopedia
514:Saints-Innocents cemetery
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958:François de La Vérendrye
884:hiatus until 1598, then
689:Canada and Its Provinces
578:Cosmographie universelle
1111:People from Carcassonne
1025:Médard des Groseilliers
939:de La Vérendrye family
925:Explorers of New France
735:discussing real pirates
55:more precise citations.
1086:16th century in Canada
1040:Pierre-Esprit Radisson
741:Lane, Kris E. (1998).
573:Marguerite de Roberval
289:Robert III de La Marck
87:Jean-François Roberval
542:and favorable to the
469:Return home and death
460:. There he meets the
430:Marguerite of Navarre
1116:People of New France
188: – 1560) was a
105:Château de Chantilly
1096:Explorers of Canada
1055:Samuel de Champlain
862:Government offices
526:Château de Roberval
454:Kingdom of Saguenay
389:in search of them.
609:Recueil des Habits
508:a month after the
434:Charlesbourg-Royal
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331:Charles V of Spain
314:Robert De La Marck
192:who was appointed
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458:Northwest Passage
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301:Marshal of France
293:Marshal of France
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240:patrimonial
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226:Carcassonne
186: 1495
130:Carcassonne
124: 1495
101:Jean Clouet
53:introducing
1070:Categories
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641:2023-08-24
615:References
593:Protestant
567:(1559) by
564:Heptaméron
510:Conspiracy
452:call the "
426:Heptaméron
414:Saint-Malo
36:references
535:seigneury
520:Posterity
479:La Rocque
475:Spaniards
446:Hochelaga
438:Cap-Rouge
406:Hochelaga
398:Stadacona
375:Champagne
347:Spaniards
297:Francis 1
273:Chantilly
269:Compiègne
261:Rethélois
257:La Rocque
249:Languedoc
222:seneschal
202:Francis I
559:Rabelais
387:Atlantic
379:Brittany
371:garrison
339:artisans
335:settlers
132:, France
107:, France
530:chateau
497:Admiral
424:In her
194:viceroy
49:improve
814:
803:
777:
753:
747:Armonk
483:Senlis
442:scurvy
277:Senlis
245:France
216:Family
198:Canada
169:First
38:, but
717:Notes
265:Reims
263:near
251:near
128:near
869:none
812:ISBN
801:ISBN
775:ISBN
751:ISBN
581:and
275:and
141:1560
138:Died
113:Born
607:'s
575:in
373:in
345:or
224:of
200:by
196:of
1072::
745:.
661:.
650:^
634:.
623:^
337:,
320:.
291:,
271:,
230:c.
212:.
183:c.
121:c.
103:,
918:e
911:t
904:v
818:)
807:)
781:)
759:.
737:.
711:.
671:.
644:.
74:)
68:(
63:)
59:(
45:.
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