27:
447:
Alliance of
Patriotic Forces, which was committed to political reform but rejected "extremist" stances. The relationship between Tshisekedi and Nguza deteriorated considerably, and armed clashes, many taking on ethnic dimensions and resulting in considerable loss of life, broke out between their respective supporters, further contributing to the instability and chaos prevalent in the country.
446:
as Prime
Minister, after Tshisekedi tried to block Mobutu from accessing cash at the central bank. Nguza was regarded by other members of the Sacred Union (of which his party was a member) as a "traitor" because of this, and he subsequently left the Sacred Union. His party formed a new coalition, the
398:
invasion in 1977) as a possible successor to Mobutu. During his interrogation, Nguza was subjected to torture which included the insertion of a metal tube into his penile shaft, through which jets of air were introduced, causing the blood vessels to rupture, and the application of electrical shocks
393:
However, in 1977, he fell out of favor with Mobutu, who accused Nguza of attempting to seduce the first lady while simultaneously plotting high treason, and was imprisoned and sentenced to death. According to Nguza, Mobutu personally threatened to shoot him. Many believe that Nguza's sole crime was
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hearings, outlining, in graphic detail, Mobutu's theft of hundreds of millions of dollars from the country's treasury and its subsequent deposit in foreign banks.
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After the proclamation of the Third
Republic, and the subsequent legalization of opposition parties in 1990, Nguza started his own party, the
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A year later, following international pressure, Nguza received a presidential pardon and was again named
Foreign Minister in 1979. He became
465:. He suffered a cardiac arrest in 1995, and was forced to undergo medical care for many years. Nguza returned to Zaire (by then renamed the
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with his wife, Nguza fled into exile, where he attempted to unite the exiled
Zairean opposition and testified against Mobutu in front of
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429:, which was highly critical of the regime. Even so, Mobutu forgave him, invited him back home, and appointed him as ambassador to
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and returned to Zaire to serve as
Foreign Minister from 1972–1974, and 1976–1977, as well serving as political director of the
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41:
35:
1006:
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727:
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The Fate of Africa: From the Hopes of
Freedom to the Heart of Despair, a History of Fifty Years of Independence.
530:"Democratic Republic of the Congo Exiles - Jean Nguza Karl-I-Bond, Moise Tshombe, Pierre Mulele, Kongulu Mobutu"
52:
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344:, Nguza was a pock-marked child who rose rapidly through government posts and gained the favour of
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584:"The Politics of Democratic Transition in Congo (Zaire): Implications of the Kabila "Revolution""
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In The
Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu's Congo.
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275:
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Ambassadors of the
Democratic Republic of the Congo to the United States
557:"Around the World; Zaire's Premier Resigns; Party Calls Him 'Cowardly'"
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Nguza received a master's degree in international relations from the
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to his testicles. The torture is said to have left him impotent.
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20:
1111:
Democratic
Republic of the Congo expatriates in South Africa
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Government ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Union of Federalists and Independent Republicans politicians
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Prime ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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having been mentioned in the foreign press (during the
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Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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21st-century Democratic Republic of the Congo people
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469:) to die, where he did so at a private clinic in
307:(August 4, 1938 – July 27, 2003) was a prominent
181:First State Commissioner of the Republic of Zaire
1106:Democratic Republic of the Congo torture victims
1101:Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968) alumni
1086:Democratic Republic of the Congo anti-communists
439:Union of Federalists and Independent Republicans
1061:Popular Movement of the Revolution politicians
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8:
713:Subsequent Political Developments, 1990–1993
637:Africa: Dispatches from a Fragile Continent.
141:November 25, 1991 – August 15, 1992
750:
736:
728:
693:The Rise and Decline of the Zairian State.
505:Heads of States and Governments Since 1945
112:
101:
193:August 27, 1980 – April 18, 1981
71:Learn how and when to remove this message
34:This article includes a list of general
1116:Democratic Republic of the Congo exiles
723:IRIN Briefing Part III: Zaire Who's Who
665:Mobutu ou l'Incarnation du Mal Zairois.
494:
129:Prime Minister of the Republic of Zaire
582:Afoaku, Osita G. (September 1, 1999).
544:Mobutu ou l'incarnation du Mal ZaĂŻrois
427:Mobutu ou l'incarnation du mal zaĂŻrois
623:Voices of Zaire: Rhetoric or Reality.
502:Lentz, Harris M. (February 4, 2014).
414:In 1981, while on a private visit to
7:
691:Young, Crawford, and Thomas Turner.
278:, Democratic Republic of the Congo
40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
404:First State Commissioner of Zaire
940:Democratic Republic of the Congo
467:Democratic Republic of the Congo
25:
695:University of Wisconsin Press.
320:Early years and career in Zaire
860:N'singa Udjuu Ongwabeki Untubu
16:Zairian politician (1938–2003)
1:
356:Catholic University of Leuven
95: and the post-surname is
1056:People from Lualaba Province
625:Washington Institute Press.
588:Journal of Conflict Studies
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1007:Free Republic of the Congo
667:Bellew Publishing Co Ltd.
639:Houghton Mifflin Company.
368:only legal political party
336:tribe and a nephew of the
82:
998:
850:Bo-Boliko Lokonga Mihambo
663:Nguza Karl-i-Bond, Jean.
298:
229:
186:
134:
123:
111:
960:Louis Alphonse Koyagialo
617:Elliot, Jeffrey M., and
55:more precise citations.
1023:Acting Prime Minister.
1005:Prime minister of the
905:Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond
900:Bernardin Mungul Diaka
855:Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond
717:Zaire: A Country Study
305:Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond
162:Bernardin Mungul Diaka
106:Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond
772:Republic of the Congo
563:. UPI. April 18, 1981
442:. He later replaced
920:LĂ©on Kengo wa Dondo
880:LĂ©on Kengo wa Dondo
865:LĂ©on Kengo wa Dondo
1091:Cold War diplomats
1009:, in rebellion at
965:Matata Ponyo Mapon
925:Étienne Tshisekedi
910:Étienne Tshisekedi
895:Étienne Tshisekedi
875:Sambwa Pida Nbagui
649:Meredith, Martin.
457:, Nguza fled into
444:Étienne Tshisekedi
332:, a member of the
174:Étienne Tshisekedi
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836:Republic of Zaire
619:Mervyn M. Dymally
372:African languages
302:
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212:Bo-Boliko Lokonga
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915:Faustin Birindwa
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653:Public Affairs.
635:Harden, Blaine.
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425:Nguza published
370:. Fluent in six
366:, the country's
349:Mobutu Sese Seko
330:Lualaba District
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256:Lualaba Province
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234:Personal details
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508:. Routledge.
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1121:Lunda people
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1015:Congo Crisis
1011:Stanleyville
985:Sama Lukonde
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885:Lunda Bululu
870:Mabi Mulumba
854:
791:Albert Ndele
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587:
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565:. Retrieved
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463:South Africa
455:seized power
449:
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426:
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413:
401:
392:
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311:politician.
304:
303:
289:(until 1990)
271:(2003-07-27)
219:Succeeded by
188:
169:Succeeded by
136:
96:
92:
67:
58:
39:
18:
1051:2003 deaths
1046:1938 births
838:(1971–1997)
806:Joseph Iléo
786:Joseph Iléo
774:(1960–1971)
681:Perennial.
567:October 25,
374:as well as
294:(1990–2003)
207:Preceded by
157:Preceded by
97:Karl-i-Bong
53:introducing
1040:Categories
489:References
431:Washington
245:1938-08-04
36:references
596:1715-5673
433:in 1986.
406:in 1980.
346:President
315:Biography
198:President
189:In office
146:President
137:In office
621:(eds.).
477:See also
471:Kinshasa
416:Brussels
340:leader,
338:Katangan
324:Born in
276:Kinshasa
83:In this
1003:‡
607:Sources
396:Shaba I
376:English
360:Belgium
326:Musumba
309:Zairian
252:Musumba
89:surname
49:improve
715:(from
699:
685:
671:
657:
643:
629:
594:
512:
450:After
388:German
386:, and
380:French
87:, the
38:, but
1096:Zaire
612:Books
546:, 61.
459:exile
410:Exile
384:Dutch
334:Lunda
292:UFERI
93:Nguza
763:list
697:ISBN
683:ISBN
669:ISBN
655:ISBN
641:ISBN
627:ISBN
592:ISSN
569:2022
510:ISBN
266:Died
239:Born
461:in
364:MPR
287:MPR
91:is
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473:.
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