17:
134:
274:
72:
327:" between European and Asian powers. By this agreement, French law courts, churches and valuables would all remain extraterritorial in the Ottoman Empire. In a sense, French possessions in the Ottoman Empire would become the first foreign possessions of the French Crown, effectively a Crown Colony of France. The French protectorate also extended to the
225:
and establish there a king whom La Forest will nominate, a person who has credit and knows well these islands which he will retain in the devotion of, and under the shade and support of the King . Furthermore, he will recognize this blessing, and send tribute and pension to the Grand Signor to reward
16:
389:
died soon after the treaty was made in 1536, and there is doubt whether the treaty was formally ratified at this point, since only an archived draft has been found. The treaty of alliance between France and the
Ottoman Empire would eventually be ratified later in 1569 through ambassador
126:". In exchange, Francis I proposed in his instructions to La Forêt: an ambassador, a perpetual treaty of alliance, trade and a promise "to hold all Christianity quiet, without war undertaken against him... in a universal peace", by weakening Charles V "until he can no more resist".
338:
The commercial treaty actually was something of a façade for Jean de La Forêt, whose main role was actually to coordinate military collaboration between France and the
Ottoman Empire. The commercial treaty however would become prominent from the second half of the 16th century.
121:
Jean de La Forêt was directed to seek trading privileges, as well as religious arrangements and military agreements between France and the
Ottoman Empire. De La Forêt had also been instructed by Francis I to obtain "a million of gold, which will be no inconvenience to the
295:
until the 19th century. Suleiman seemingly had some doubts about French commitment, expressing: "How can I have trust in him? He has always promised more than he can carry out", referring to the lack of French commitment in 1534–35, when
754:
195:, and not to stop until they have accepted and recognized the king of France. The King, besides the above land force, will additionally help with his naval force, which will comprise at least 50 vessels, of which 30
207:, which will also be refreshed and supplied with food and ammunition by the King, who, by these actions, will be able to achieve his aims, for which he will be highly grateful to sir
133:
807:
171:, who will direct him to the Grand Signor. To this objective, next summer, he with send the military force he is preparing to recover what it unjustly occupied by the
366:, although this provided only limited assistance to the French. With Charles V unsuccessful in battle and squeezed between the French invaders and the Ottomans,
203:
and other vessels, accompanied by one of the largest and most beautiful carracks that ever was on the sea. This fleet will accompany and escort the army of sir
410:, who led the scientific research of the mission, and made an extremely positive account of the Ottoman civilization and its educational, judicial and
111:
779:
52:
817:
226:
him for the financial support he will have provided to the King, as well as the support of his navy which will be fully assisted by the King ."
751:
822:
287:
63:
from 1530 to 1533. When Jean de La Forêt died in
Constantinople in 1537, he was succeeded by Antonio Rincon as official ambassador.
84:
371:
301:
347:
291:(of which only a draft has been recovered), which was the foundation for French influence in the Ottoman Empire and the
244:
21:
311:
The 1536 Franco-Turkish treaty allowed the French in the
Ottoman Empire to be judged by their own laws, in a French
273:
398:
nevertheless respected the content of the agreement, and launched his armies, awaiting for the French offensive.
297:
214:
146:
427:
268:
129:
Jean de la Foret also had secret military instructions to organize a combined offensive on Italy in 1535:
432:
812:
391:
359:
163:
88:
76:
367:
320:
180:
99:
520:
87:. On his way to Constantinople, Jean de La Forêt first landed in north Africa, where he offered
378:
in the following year. Charles V would turn his efforts against the
Ottomans, only to lose the
747:
713:
689:
630:
612:
595:
572:
496:
473:
379:
232:
176:
699:
671:
657:
644:
559:
460:
407:
324:
187:, who has a powerful naval force as well as a convenient location , to attack the island of
103:
71:
281:, and acknowledging the permanent French embassy of Jean de La Forest at the Ottoman court.
277:
Letter of
Suleiman to Francis I in 1536, informing Francis I of the successful campaign of
217:, Monsieur de La Forest must ask for a million in gold, and for his army to enter first in
115:
106:, and endeavored to exert French influence on Ottoman affairs. He accompanied Suleiman to
789:
770:
375:
312:
138:
98:
Jean de La Forêt arrived in the
Ottoman capital in May 1534, accompanied by his cousin
60:
56:
25:
801:
172:
285:
In
February 1536, de la Forêt obtained the signature of a commercial treaty called
406:
Jean de La Forêt was accompanied on his embassy by the French linguist and writer
733:
335:. By 1620, one third of France's foreign trade was done with the Ottoman Empire.
328:
95:. He also asked Hayreddin to raid the coasts of Spain "with all manner of war".
150:
107:
351:
332:
315:(a status the Venetians had already been granted), exemption from the usual
374:
ultimately made peace at the Truce of Nice, 18 June 1538. La Forêt died at
304:, but he nevertheless agreed to the alliance upon Francis I's invasion of
395:
305:
252:
222:
200:
123:
118:, until they finally returned together to Constantinople in early 1536.
411:
196:
188:
168:
158:
319:, and trading concessions. This treaty offered guaranties (especially
641:
Who owns antiquity?: museums and the battle over our ancient heritage
386:
292:
256:
218:
33:
686:
The
Cambridge History of Turkey: the later Ottoman Empire, 1603-1839
735:
Catholics and Sultans: The Church and the Ottoman Empire 1453-1923
556:
Catholics and Sultans: The Church and the Ottoman Empire 1453-1923
457:
Catholics and Sultans: The Church and the Ottoman Empire 1453-1923
363:
355:
343:
316:
272:
248:
241:
192:
154:
132:
92:
70:
29:
15:
20:
Draft of the 1536 Treaty negotiated between Jean de La Forêt and
278:
342:
Once the treaty with the Turks was secured, Francis I invaded
24:, a few days before his assassination, expanding to the whole
191:
and other lands, locations, cities, ships and subjects of
145:"Jean de la Forest, whom the King sends to meet with the
137:
Military instructions to Jean de la Forêt, by Chancellor
247:
it was agreed that combined military operations against
91:
fifty ships and supplies in exchange for help against
83:
Jean de La Forêt departed together with the returning
627:Suleiman the Magnificent — Sultan of the East
592:Suleiman the Magnificent — Sultan of the East
516:
514:
512:
493:Suleiman the Magnificent — Sultan of the East
240:Through the negotiations of de La Forêt with the
317:taxes and dues levied upon non-Muslim foreigners
608:
606:
604:
602:
251:would take place, in which France would attack
131:
653:
651:
568:
566:
8:
808:Ambassadors of France to the Ottoman Empire
469:
467:
362:raided the Italian coast and laid siege to
255:while the Ottoman Empire would attack from
759:
587:
585:
583:
551:
549:
452:
450:
448:
350:. A Franco-Turkish fleet was stationed in
323:) that would become the model for future "
488:
486:
484:
738:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
416:De Orbis terrae concordia libri quattuor
780:French Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire
444:
231:Military instruction from Francis I to
53:French Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire
701:Gender, Kabbalah, and the Reformation
7:
59:had preceded him as an envoy to the
51:(died 1537), was the first official
522:Suleiman the Magnificent 1520-1566
67:1534 embassy to the Ottoman Empire
14:
75:Jean de La Forêt negotiated with
717:by Martin Mulsow,Jan Rohls p.154
354:by the end of 1536, threatening
175:, and from there, to attack the
746:Editions du Felin, 2008, Paris
524:by Roger Bigelow Merriman p.142
675:Sir Adolphus William Ward p.73
661:Sir Adolphus William Ward p.72
1:
818:16th-century French diplomats
55:, serving from 1534 to 1537.
732:Frazee, Charles A. (2006) .
673:The Cambridge modern history
659:The Cambridge Modern History
298:Tunis was finally recaptured
715:Socinianism and Arminianism
28:the privileges received in
839:
823:1536 in the Ottoman Empire
616:by Garrett Mattingly p.155
558:by Charles A. Frazee p.28
459:by Charles A. Frazee p.27
266:
263:1536 Franco-Turkish treaty
786:
777:
767:
762:
141:(copy), 11 February 1535.
85:Ottoman embassy to France
348:Italian War of 1536–1538
576:Garrett Mattingly p.154
428:Franco-Ottoman alliance
269:Franco-Ottoman alliance
688:Suraiya Faroqhi p.290
382:on 28 September 1538.
346:in 1536, starting the
282:
238:
142:
80:
37:
629:by Harold Lamb p.183
614:Renaissance diplomacy
594:by Harold Lamb p.182
574:Renaissance diplomacy
495:by Harold Lamb p.180
433:France-Asia relations
276:
149:, will first go from
136:
74:
19:
703:by Yvonne Petry p.31
360:Hayreddin Barbarossa
89:Hayreddin Barbarossa
77:Hayreddin Barbarossa
643:James B. Cuno p.70
321:extraterritoriality
183:strongly prays sir
112:Ottoman–Safavid War
100:Charles de Marillac
477:R. J. Knecht p.274
402:Scientific mission
283:
143:
81:
49:Jehan de la Forest
38:
796:
795:
787:Succeeded by
763:Diplomatic posts
752:978-2-86645-678-8
380:Battle of Preveza
233:Jean de La Forest
45:Jean de La Forest
830:
768:Preceded by
760:
744:L'Alliance Impie
739:
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543:Garnier, p.92-93
541:
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532:
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518:
507:
504:
498:
490:
479:
471:
462:
454:
408:Guillaume Postel
325:unequal treaties
236:
104:Guillaume Postel
102:and the scholar
41:Jean de La Forêt
838:
837:
833:
832:
831:
829:
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742:Garnier, Edith
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728:
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491:
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414:systems in his
404:
392:Claude du Bourg
308:in early 1536.
271:
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237:
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199:, and the rest
69:
12:
11:
5:
836:
834:
826:
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790:Antonio Rincon
788:
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771:Antonio Rincon
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724:
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376:Constantinople
313:Consular court
267:Main article:
264:
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228:
161:, to meet sir
139:Antoine Duprat
68:
65:
61:Ottoman Empire
57:Antonio Rincon
26:Ottoman Empire
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
835:
824:
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534:Garnier, p.92
531:
528:
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517:
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506:Garnier, p.91
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288:Capitulations
280:
275:
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246:
245:Ibrahim Pasha
243:
234:
227:
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173:Duke of Savoy
170:
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127:
125:
124:Grand Signior
119:
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73:
66:
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62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
35:
31:
27:
23:
22:Ibrahim Pasha
18:
778:
743:
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714:
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530:
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492:
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456:
415:
405:
384:
341:
337:
310:
286:
284:
239:
215:Grand Signor
208:
204:
184:
179:. This king
162:
147:Grand Signor
144:
128:
120:
97:
82:
48:
44:
40:
39:
36:before 1518.
813:1537 deaths
329:Holy Places
802:Categories
784:1534–1537
774:(as envoy)
439:References
358:. In 1537
167:, king of
151:Marseilles
108:Azerbaijan
755:Interview
475:Francis I
372:Charles V
368:Francis I
352:Marseille
333:Jerusalem
302:Charles V
201:galeasses
181:Francis I
32:from the
422:See also
396:Suleiman
306:Piedmont
253:Lombardy
229:—
223:Sardinia
114:against
79:in 1534.
726:Sources
412:welfare
235:, 1535.
213:To the
209:Haradin
205:Haradin
197:galleys
189:Corsica
185:Haradin
177:Genoese
169:Algiers
164:Haradin
159:Barbary
110:in the
43:, also
34:Mamluks
750:
387:vizier
293:Levant
257:Naples
219:Sicily
116:Persia
364:Corfu
356:Genoa
344:Savoy
249:Italy
242:vizir
193:Genoa
157:, in
155:Tunis
93:Genoa
30:Egypt
748:ISBN
385:The
370:and
279:Iraq
221:and
331:of
300:by
153:to
47:or
804::
650:^
601:^
582:^
565:^
548:^
511:^
483:^
466:^
447:^
418:.
394:.
259:.
211:.
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