28:
145:
285:
83:
338:" between European and Asian powers. By this agreement, French law courts, churches and valuables would all remain extraterritorial in the Ottoman Empire. In a sense, French possessions in the Ottoman Empire would become the first foreign possessions of the French Crown, effectively a Crown Colony of France. The French protectorate also extended to the
236:
and establish there a king whom La Forest will nominate, a person who has credit and knows well these islands which he will retain in the devotion of, and under the shade and support of the King . Furthermore, he will recognize this blessing, and send tribute and pension to the Grand Signor to reward
27:
400:
died soon after the treaty was made in 1536, and there is doubt whether the treaty was formally ratified at this point, since only an archived draft has been found. The treaty of alliance between France and the
Ottoman Empire would eventually be ratified later in 1569 through ambassador
137:". In exchange, Francis I proposed in his instructions to La Forêt: an ambassador, a perpetual treaty of alliance, trade and a promise "to hold all Christianity quiet, without war undertaken against him... in a universal peace", by weakening Charles V "until he can no more resist".
349:
The commercial treaty actually was something of a façade for Jean de La Forêt, whose main role was actually to coordinate military collaboration between France and the
Ottoman Empire. The commercial treaty however would become prominent from the second half of the 16th century.
132:
Jean de La Forêt was directed to seek trading privileges, as well as religious arrangements and military agreements between France and the
Ottoman Empire. De La Forêt had also been instructed by Francis I to obtain "a million of gold, which will be no inconvenience to the
306:
until the 19th century. Suleiman seemingly had some doubts about French commitment, expressing: "How can I have trust in him? He has always promised more than he can carry out", referring to the lack of French commitment in 1534–35, when
765:
206:, and not to stop until they have accepted and recognized the king of France. The King, besides the above land force, will additionally help with his naval force, which will comprise at least 50 vessels, of which 30
218:, which will also be refreshed and supplied with food and ammunition by the King, who, by these actions, will be able to achieve his aims, for which he will be highly grateful to sir
144:
818:
182:, who will direct him to the Grand Signor. To this objective, next summer, he with send the military force he is preparing to recover what it unjustly occupied by the
377:, although this provided only limited assistance to the French. With Charles V unsuccessful in battle and squeezed between the French invaders and the Ottomans,
214:
and other vessels, accompanied by one of the largest and most beautiful carracks that ever was on the sea. This fleet will accompany and escort the army of sir
421:, who led the scientific research of the mission, and made an extremely positive account of the Ottoman civilization and its educational, judicial and
122:
790:
63:
828:
237:
him for the financial support he will have provided to the King, as well as the support of his navy which will be fully assisted by the King ."
762:
833:
298:
74:
from 1530 to 1533. When Jean de La Forêt died in
Constantinople in 1537, he was succeeded by Antonio Rincon as official ambassador.
95:
382:
312:
358:
302:(of which only a draft has been recovered), which was the foundation for French influence in the Ottoman Empire and the
255:
32:
322:
The 1536 Franco-Turkish treaty allowed the French in the
Ottoman Empire to be judged by their own laws, in a French
284:
409:
nevertheless respected the content of the agreement, and launched his armies, awaiting for the French offensive.
308:
225:
157:
438:
279:
140:
Jean de la Foret also had secret military instructions to organize a combined offensive on Italy in 1535:
443:
823:
402:
370:
174:
99:
87:
378:
331:
191:
110:
531:
98:. On his way to Constantinople, Jean de La Forêt first landed in north Africa, where he offered
389:
in the following year. Charles V would turn his efforts against the
Ottomans, only to lose the
758:
724:
700:
641:
623:
606:
583:
507:
484:
390:
243:
187:
710:
682:
668:
655:
570:
471:
418:
335:
198:, who has a powerful naval force as well as a convenient location , to attack the island of
114:
82:
292:, and acknowledging the permanent French embassy of Jean de La Forest at the Ottoman court.
288:
Letter of
Suleiman to Francis I in 1536, informing Francis I of the successful campaign of
228:, Monsieur de La Forest must ask for a million in gold, and for his army to enter first in
126:
117:, and endeavored to exert French influence on Ottoman affairs. He accompanied Suleiman to
800:
781:
386:
323:
149:
109:
Jean de La Forêt arrived in the
Ottoman capital in May 1534, accompanied by his cousin
71:
67:
36:
812:
183:
296:
In
February 1536, de la Forêt obtained the signature of a commercial treaty called
417:
Jean de La Forêt was accompanied on his embassy by the French linguist and writer
744:
346:. By 1620, one third of France's foreign trade was done with the Ottoman Empire.
17:
339:
106:. He also asked Hayreddin to raid the coasts of Spain "with all manner of war".
161:
118:
362:
343:
326:(a status the Venetians had already been granted), exemption from the usual
385:
ultimately made peace at the Truce of Nice, 18 June 1538. La Forêt died at
315:, but he nevertheless agreed to the alliance upon Francis I's invasion of
406:
316:
263:
233:
211:
134:
129:, until they finally returned together to Constantinople in early 1536.
422:
207:
199:
179:
169:
330:, and trading concessions. This treaty offered guaranties (especially
652:
Who owns antiquity?: museums and the battle over our ancient heritage
397:
303:
267:
229:
44:
697:
The
Cambridge History of Turkey: the later Ottoman Empire, 1603-1839
746:
Catholics and Sultans: The Church and the Ottoman Empire 1453-1923
567:
Catholics and Sultans: The Church and the Ottoman Empire 1453-1923
468:
Catholics and Sultans: The Church and the Ottoman Empire 1453-1923
374:
366:
354:
327:
283:
259:
252:
203:
165:
143:
103:
81:
40:
26:
31:
Draft of the 1536 Treaty negotiated between Jean de La Forêt and
289:
353:
Once the treaty with the Turks was secured, Francis I invaded
35:, a few days before his assassination, expanding to the whole
202:
and other lands, locations, cities, ships and subjects of
156:"Jean de la Forest, whom the King sends to meet with the
148:
Military instructions to Jean de la Forêt, by Chancellor
258:
it was agreed that combined military operations against
102:
fifty ships and supplies in exchange for help against
94:
Jean de La Forêt departed together with the returning
638:Suleiman the Magnificent — Sultan of the East
603:Suleiman the Magnificent — Sultan of the East
527:
525:
523:
504:Suleiman the Magnificent — Sultan of the East
251:Through the negotiations of de La Forêt with the
328:taxes and dues levied upon non-Muslim foreigners
619:
617:
615:
613:
262:would take place, in which France would attack
142:
664:
662:
579:
577:
8:
819:Ambassadors of France to the Ottoman Empire
480:
478:
373:raided the Italian coast and laid siege to
266:while the Ottoman Empire would attack from
770:
598:
596:
594:
562:
560:
463:
461:
459:
361:. A Franco-Turkish fleet was stationed in
334:) that would become the model for future "
499:
497:
495:
749:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
427:De Orbis terrae concordia libri quattuor
791:French Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire
455:
242:Military instruction from Francis I to
64:French Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire
712:Gender, Kabbalah, and the Reformation
7:
70:had preceded him as an envoy to the
62:(died 1537), was the first official
533:Suleiman the Magnificent 1520-1566
78:1534 embassy to the Ottoman Empire
25:
86:Jean de La Forêt negotiated with
728:by Martin Mulsow,Jan Rohls p.154
365:by the end of 1536, threatening
186:, and from there, to attack the
757:Editions du Felin, 2008, Paris
535:by Roger Bigelow Merriman p.142
686:Sir Adolphus William Ward p.73
672:Sir Adolphus William Ward p.72
1:
829:16th-century French diplomats
66:, serving from 1534 to 1537.
743:Frazee, Charles A. (2006) .
684:The Cambridge modern history
670:The Cambridge Modern History
309:Tunis was finally recaptured
726:Socinianism and Arminianism
39:the privileges received in
850:
834:1536 in the Ottoman Empire
627:by Garrett Mattingly p.155
569:by Charles A. Frazee p.28
470:by Charles A. Frazee p.27
277:
274:1536 Franco-Turkish treaty
797:
788:
778:
773:
152:(copy), 11 February 1535.
96:Ottoman embassy to France
359:Italian War of 1536–1538
587:Garrett Mattingly p.154
439:Franco-Ottoman alliance
280:Franco-Ottoman alliance
699:Suraiya Faroqhi p.290
393:on 28 September 1538.
357:in 1536, starting the
293:
249:
153:
91:
48:
640:by Harold Lamb p.183
625:Renaissance diplomacy
605:by Harold Lamb p.182
585:Renaissance diplomacy
506:by Harold Lamb p.180
444:France-Asia relations
287:
160:, will first go from
147:
85:
30:
714:by Yvonne Petry p.31
371:Hayreddin Barbarossa
100:Hayreddin Barbarossa
88:Hayreddin Barbarossa
654:James B. Cuno p.70
332:extraterritoriality
194:strongly prays sir
123:Ottoman–Safavid War
111:Charles de Marillac
488:R. J. Knecht p.274
413:Scientific mission
294:
154:
92:
60:Jehan de la Forest
49:
807:
806:
798:Succeeded by
774:Diplomatic posts
763:978-2-86645-678-8
391:Battle of Preveza
244:Jean de La Forest
56:Jean de La Forest
18:Jean de La Forest
16:(Redirected from
841:
779:Preceded by
771:
755:L'Alliance Impie
750:
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708:
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688:
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657:
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572:
564:
555:
554:Garnier, p.92-93
552:
546:
543:
537:
529:
518:
515:
509:
501:
490:
482:
473:
465:
419:Guillaume Postel
336:unequal treaties
247:
115:Guillaume Postel
113:and the scholar
52:Jean de La Forêt
21:
849:
848:
844:
843:
842:
840:
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809:
808:
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794:
786:
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753:Garnier, Edith
742:
739:
734:
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723:
719:
709:
705:
695:
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457:
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435:
425:systems in his
415:
403:Claude du Bourg
319:in early 1536.
282:
276:
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241:
223:
210:, and the rest
80:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
847:
845:
837:
836:
831:
826:
821:
811:
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801:Antonio Rincon
799:
796:
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782:Antonio Rincon
780:
776:
775:
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751:
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732:
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703:
689:
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387:Constantinople
324:Consular court
278:Main article:
275:
272:
239:
172:, to meet sir
150:Antoine Duprat
79:
76:
72:Ottoman Empire
68:Antonio Rincon
37:Ottoman Empire
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
846:
835:
832:
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827:
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571:
568:
563:
561:
557:
551:
548:
545:Garnier, p.92
542:
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528:
526:
524:
520:
517:Garnier, p.91
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305:
301:
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299:Capitulations
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273:
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257:
256:Ibrahim Pasha
254:
245:
238:
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197:
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185:
184:Duke of Savoy
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146:
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138:
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135:Grand Signior
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89:
84:
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57:
53:
46:
42:
38:
34:
33:Ibrahim Pasha
29:
19:
789:
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683:
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541:
532:
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485:
467:
426:
416:
395:
352:
348:
321:
297:
295:
250:
226:Grand Signor
219:
215:
195:
190:. This king
173:
158:Grand Signor
155:
139:
131:
108:
93:
59:
55:
51:
50:
47:before 1518.
824:1537 deaths
340:Holy Places
813:Categories
795:1534–1537
785:(as envoy)
450:References
369:. In 1537
178:, king of
162:Marseilles
119:Azerbaijan
766:Interview
486:Francis I
383:Charles V
379:Francis I
363:Marseille
344:Jerusalem
313:Charles V
212:galeasses
192:Francis I
43:from the
433:See also
407:Suleiman
317:Piedmont
264:Lombardy
240:—
234:Sardinia
125:against
90:in 1534.
737:Sources
423:welfare
246:, 1535.
224:To the
220:Haradin
216:Haradin
208:galleys
200:Corsica
196:Haradin
188:Genoese
180:Algiers
175:Haradin
170:Barbary
121:in the
54:, also
45:Mamluks
761:
398:vizier
304:Levant
268:Naples
230:Sicily
127:Persia
375:Corfu
367:Genoa
355:Savoy
260:Italy
253:vizir
204:Genoa
168:, in
166:Tunis
104:Genoa
41:Egypt
759:ISBN
396:The
381:and
290:Iraq
232:and
342:of
311:by
164:to
58:or
815::
661:^
612:^
593:^
576:^
559:^
522:^
494:^
477:^
458:^
429:.
405:.
270:.
222:.
20:)
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