775:"Here we report the ages, determined by thermoluminescence dating, of fire-heated flint artefacts obtained from new excavations at the Middle Stone Age site of Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, which are directly associated with newly discovered remains of H. sapiens8. A weighted average age places these Middle Stone Age artefacts and fossils at 315 ± 34 thousand years ago. Support is obtained through the recalculated uranium series with electron spin resonance date of 286 ± 32 thousand years ago for a tooth from the Irhoud 3 hominin mandible.";
68:
34:
61:
430:
6904:
6928:
6916:
642:. Despite this, it was noted that the Jebel Irhoud specimen whose cranium was complete enough to assess, showed "hints of 'modern' basicranial flexion in the relationship of the face and vault", and the teeth of another Jebel Irhoud specimen were subjected to synchrotron analysis that suggested "a modern developmental pattern."
529:
In 2017, the burnt tools were dated to approximately 315,000 years ago, indicating that the fossils are of approximately the same age. This conclusion was confirmed by recalculating the age of the Irhoud 3 mandible, which produced an age range compatible with that of the tools, at roughly 280,000 to
633:
specimens, further examinations revealed that the Jebel Irhoud specimens differ from them in that they have a continuous supraorbital torus while the
Aterian and Iberomaurasian specimens have a discontinuous supraorbital torus or, in some cases, none at all, and from this, it was concluded that the
521:
bones and lumps of charcoal, indicating the presence of fire and, probably, of cooking in the cave. The gazelle bones showed characteristic signs of butchery and cooking, such as cut marks, notches consistent with marrow extraction, and charring. Some of the tools had been burned due to fires being
730:
Richter, Daniel; Grün, Rainer; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; Steele, Teresa E.; Amani, Fethi; Rué, Mathieu; Fernandes, Paul; Raynal, Jean-Paul; Geraads, Denis; Ben-Ncer, Abdelouahed; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; McPherron, Shannon P. (8 June 2017). "The age of the hominin fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and
490:
revealed that the Jebel Irhoud site was far older than first thought. Fresh excavations carried out in 2004 by the Hublin team revealed more than 20 new bones from the remains of at least five people, and a number of stone tools. The finds included part of a skull, a jawbone, teeth, and limb bones
545:
dispersed around the continent and elements of human modernity appeared in different places, and so different parts of Africa contributed to the emergence of what we call modern humans today." Early humans may have comprised a large, interbreeding population dispersed across Africa approximately
1370:
Richter, Daniel; Grün, Rainer; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; Steele, Teresa E.; Amani, Fethi; Rué, Mathieu; Fernandes, Paul; Raynal, Jean-Paul; Geraads, Denis; Ben-Ncer, Abdelouahed; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; McPherron, Shannon P. (2017). "The age of the hominin fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and the
561:
Hublin and his team also attempted to obtain DNA samples from these fossils, but these attempts were unsuccessful. Genomic analysis would have provided necessary evidence supporting the conclusion that these fossils are representative of the main lineage leading up to modern humanity, and that
550:
507:
491:
that had come from three adults, a juvenile, and a child aged about seven-and-a-half years old. The facial bones resembled those of humans today, but had much larger lower jaws and more elongated posterior braincases. They have similar features to the
451:. They were thought to be approximately 40,000 years old, but this was thrown into doubt by faunal evidence suggesting a Middle Pleistocene date, approximately 160,000 years ago. Because of that, the fossils were reappraised as representing an
785:
910:
1281:
Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Ben-Ncer, Abdelouahed; Bailey, Shara E.; Freidline, Sarah E.; Neubauer, Simon; Skinner, Matthew M.; Bergmann, Inga; Le Cabec, Adeline; Benazzi, Stefano; Harvati, Katerina; Gunz, Philipp (2017).
617:
The degree of tooth development found is similar to modern
European children of the same age, but teeth roots develop faster than for modern humans (and slower than for apes and for some other fossil hominids).
2201:
3111:
541:
approximately 200,000 years ago, modern humans may have been present across the length of Africa 100,000 years earlier. According to study author Jean-Jacques Hublin, "The idea is that early
920:
445:
found with them were believed to be associated exclusively with
Neanderthals. They also had archaic phenotypical features believed to be representative of the Neanderthals, rather than
355:
in 1967 and 1969, during which 22 layers were identified in the cave. The lower 13 layers were found to contain signs of human habitation including a tool industry classified as
6994:
328:. A miner discovered a skull in the wall of the cave, extracted it, and gave it to an engineer, who kept it as a souvenir for a time. Eventually, it was handed over to the
1343:
483:
546:
330,000 to 300,000 years ago. Thus, the rise of modern humans may have taken place on a continental scale rather than being confined to a particular corner of Africa.
6801:
479:, indicated an eastern African origin for humans at approximately 200,000 years ago. The Ethiopian Omo remains were more recently dated to about 233,000 years old.
1562:
1133:
1053:
1489:
3192:
1875:
6037:
5997:
2525:
6047:
6974:
6959:
6889:
6733:
4695:
2915:
6042:
6791:
6052:
1682:
Smith, Tanya M.; Tafforeau, Paul; Reid, Donald J.; Grün, Rainer; Eggins, Stephen; Boutakiout, Mohamed; Hublin, Jean-Jacques (April 10, 2007).
6796:
6674:
5550:
5370:
5360:
5335:
5085:
5059:
1226:
956:
883:
779:
Smith, Tanya M.; Tafforeau, Paul; Reid, Donald J.; Grün, Rainer; Eggins, Stephen; Boutakiout, Mohamed; Hublin, Jean-Jacques (10 April 2007).
3327:
1906:
211:
5002:
6989:
6753:
5500:
1896:
1002:
6862:
4911:
4907:
1845:
47:
2367:
6728:
1996:
1752:
1666:
843:
602:. Such changes may have caused the human brain to become rounder and two regions in the posterior of the brain to become enlarged
5711:
3917:
122:
6872:
6768:
6649:
3907:
1868:
975:
665:
513:
at Jebel Irhoud (Morocco), pointing to the crushed human skull (Irhoud 10), whose orbits are visible just beyond his finger tip
6867:
6168:
5530:
5510:
3988:
3235:
888:
526:
to ascertain when the burning occurred, and by proxy, the age of the fossil bones that were found in the same deposit layer.
1027:
6969:
5990:
5505:
401:
of the area to be reconstructed. It was quite different to the present and probably represented a dry, open, and perhaps,
6738:
6615:
6501:
5583:
4113:
3978:
3410:
673:
566:
had dispersed and developed all across Africa. Because of the unclear boundaries between different species of the genus
324:
at an elevation of 562 metres (1,844 ft). It was discovered in 1961 when the area was being mined for the mineral
6954:
6932:
6836:
6654:
6175:
6029:
4359:
4230:
2230:
1921:
375:
5080:
4770:
3255:
2397:
339:
Ennouchi's team identified the remains of approximately 30 species of mammals, some of which are associated with the
2149:
378:. He discovered part of another skull, designated Irhoud 2, the following year and subsequently uncovered the lower
6920:
6694:
6625:
6161:
6154:
6147:
5882:
5676:
5450:
5410:
3352:
2639:
1861:
582:
When comparing these fossils with those of modern humans, the main difference is the elongated shape of the fossil
60:
6979:
6877:
6773:
6669:
5380:
4488:
3513:
915:
523:
3023:
1283:
352:
6984:
6964:
6908:
6211:
5983:
5874:
5350:
5345:
4997:
4592:
3825:
2792:
2092:
1159:
5621:
530:
350,000 years old. If they hold up, these dates would make the remains by far the earliest known examples of
6846:
6783:
6743:
6189:
5721:
5470:
4535:
3738:
3142:
2575:
2409:
2246:
1901:
1189:
1853:
1338:
6841:
6816:
6811:
6704:
6659:
6620:
6182:
5809:
5804:
5540:
5425:
5222:
4760:
4398:
4246:
3779:
3728:
3297:
2776:
2711:
2449:
2312:
2212:
603:
393:
Further excavations were carried out by
American researchers during the 1990s as well as by a team led by
3347:
570:, and the lack of genomic evidence from these fossils, some doubt the classification of these fossils as
6225:
5716:
5395:
5365:
4961:
4821:
4685:
4251:
3465:
3134:
2925:
2910:
1833:
1527:
5766:
5232:
3198:
2603:
2464:
2014:
594:
lineage and relatively recently. Evolutionary changes in brain shape are likely to be associated with
382:
of a child, designated Irhoud 3. Tixier's excavation found 1,267 recorded objects including skulls, a
374:
fossils found there. Ennouchi discovered a skull that he termed Irhoud 1. It is now on display in the
6806:
6709:
6610:
6571:
6516:
6421:
6125:
6118:
5631:
5611:
5288:
4987:
4971:
4847:
4256:
3947:
3547:
3490:
3475:
3337:
3245:
2982:
2956:
2920:
2285:
2223:
2144:
1695:
1439:
1380:
1302:
911:"The first of our kind: scientists discover the oldest Homo sapiens fossils at Jebel Irhoud, Morocco"
794:
740:
657:
5616:
333:
6999:
6218:
5746:
5641:
5520:
5465:
5126:
4992:
4863:
4826:
4775:
4650:
4294:
3625:
3332:
3275:
3250:
3215:
3210:
3185:
3147:
2736:
2535:
2509:
2469:
2297:
510:
394:
356:
332:, which organized a joint French-Moroccan expedition to the site that was headed by anthropologist
329:
256:
248:
6927:
5776:
5661:
5606:
549:
522:
lit on top of them, presumably after they had been discarded. This enabled the researchers to use
6763:
6630:
6605:
6481:
5930:
5741:
5485:
5475:
5460:
5136:
5121:
4929:
4310:
4155:
4097:
3998:
3983:
3435:
3280:
3170:
3158:
3121:
3080:
2977:
2741:
2726:
2545:
2352:
2337:
1599:
1536:
1404:
1326:
764:
557:
fossils from Jebel Irhoud, based on micro-computed tomographic scans of multiple original fossils
340:
5141:
3445:
2961:
2154:
429:
5131:
1825:
6882:
6748:
6689:
6679:
6450:
6414:
6268:
6062:
5726:
5560:
5545:
5435:
5247:
5237:
5038:
5017:
5007:
4966:
4780:
4700:
4525:
3460:
3440:
3405:
3302:
3126:
2997:
2758:
2580:
2565:
2474:
2107:
2035:
1799:
1748:
1742:
1723:
1662:
1656:
1465:
1396:
1318:
1222:
1216:
1107:
1099:
952:
946:
822:
756:
170:
598:
of brain organization, interconnection, and development, and may reflect adaptive changes in
274:
that have been found there since the discovery of the site in 1960. Originally thought to be
6758:
6511:
6328:
6290:
6137:
5781:
5736:
5636:
5525:
5455:
5430:
4715:
4660:
4608:
4472:
4467:
4451:
4194:
4035:
3820:
3480:
3470:
3368:
3342:
3230:
3175:
3116:
3064:
3033:
3002:
2874:
2608:
2550:
2419:
2387:
2362:
2342:
2327:
2112:
2087:
1981:
1789:
1781:
1713:
1703:
1604:
1455:
1447:
1388:
1310:
1061:
857:
852:
812:
802:
748:
710:
705:
5751:
1590:
6565:
6538:
6436:
6394:
6006:
5914:
5701:
5601:
5330:
5283:
5268:
4945:
4805:
4785:
4765:
4670:
4550:
4377:
4270:
4129:
3963:
3861:
3815:
3753:
3712:
3285:
3240:
3203:
3007:
2992:
2930:
2895:
2834:
2644:
2629:
2392:
2317:
2290:
2241:
2056:
2051:
492:
309:
237:
228:
5799:
5656:
4530:
3430:
3265:
2570:
2332:
2164:
1939:
1774:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
1699:
1443:
1384:
1306:
798:
744:
6385:
6089:
6075:
6014:
5825:
5756:
5646:
5390:
5385:
5227:
5212:
5191:
5033:
4800:
4790:
4745:
4655:
4587:
4446:
4331:
3968:
3789:
3696:
3665:
3655:
3583:
3485:
3455:
3425:
3322:
3307:
3290:
3270:
3260:
3180:
3054:
2946:
2674:
2664:
2649:
2555:
2530:
2484:
2436:
2357:
2256:
1959:
1794:
1769:
1718:
1683:
1460:
1427:
1423:
817:
780:
630:
595:
506:
452:
348:
6948:
6553:
6406:
6096:
5959:
5954:
5835:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5490:
5445:
5440:
5420:
5320:
5242:
5217:
5116:
5012:
4750:
4675:
4540:
4509:
4215:
4071:
4051:
3993:
3866:
3743:
3645:
3312:
2987:
2951:
2900:
2879:
2824:
2748:
2731:
2716:
2613:
2377:
2372:
2251:
2159:
1954:
1885:
1408:
1330:
1065:
768:
625:
While the Jebel Irhoud specimens originally were noted to have been similar to later
619:
260:
100:
4336:
4284:
1684:"Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early Homo sapiens"
781:"Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early Homo sapiens"
6559:
6547:
6363:
6311:
6276:
6201:
6108:
5864:
5843:
5626:
5555:
5535:
5495:
5175:
4884:
4868:
4735:
4720:
4710:
4225:
4184:
4145:
4056:
4014:
3932:
3902:
3887:
3810:
3805:
3774:
3748:
3691:
3650:
3578:
3573:
3450:
3415:
3389:
2690:
2634:
2499:
2459:
2454:
2402:
2322:
2302:
2102:
1944:
1567:
599:
447:
344:
280:
181:
33:
3028:
1608:
6443:
6370:
6342:
6335:
6283:
5859:
5666:
5651:
5515:
5405:
5400:
5355:
5340:
4795:
4755:
4740:
4690:
4430:
4315:
4289:
4199:
4189:
4179:
4163:
4081:
4076:
4030:
3973:
3922:
3912:
3892:
3733:
3670:
3660:
3635:
3609:
3531:
3420:
3373:
3220:
3059:
2842:
2753:
2721:
2695:
2654:
2585:
2479:
2272:
2128:
2071:
2066:
2030:
1986:
1523:
611:
587:
538:
464:
463:
that had interbred with
Neanderthals. This was consistent with the concept that
438:
313:
275:
3112:
Cave of
Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site
1451:
786:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
6428:
6349:
5964:
5706:
5671:
5480:
5415:
5325:
5278:
5273:
5263:
5159:
5151:
5095:
5090:
5054:
4831:
4725:
4504:
3942:
3927:
3897:
3830:
3640:
3630:
3593:
3568:
3563:
3095:
3085:
2669:
2659:
2540:
2414:
2382:
2264:
2097:
861:
714:
607:
472:
442:
418:
359:
1242:
Ennouchi, Émile (1962). "Un neandertalien: L'Homme du Jebel Irhoud (Maroc)".
1103:
638:
while the
Aterian and Iberomaurasian specimens represent anatomically modern
137:
124:
6495:
6400:
5898:
5375:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4414:
4066:
3882:
3784:
3686:
3090:
2858:
2595:
2504:
2494:
2347:
2185:
2061:
1949:
1708:
1087:
807:
583:
496:
321:
5100:
1820:
1803:
1785:
1727:
1469:
1400:
1322:
1257:
Ennouchi, Émile (1962). "Un crâne d'Homme ancien au Jebel Irhoud (Maroc)".
1111:
826:
760:
6356:
6321:
6298:
6019:
5771:
5731:
5304:
5207:
4705:
4665:
4555:
4220:
3937:
3588:
3038:
2905:
2808:
2489:
2169:
2009:
2004:
1991:
476:
387:
379:
222:
1392:
1314:
752:
495:
dating to 260,000 years ago found at the other end of the continent, in
284:
and, as reported in 2017, have been dated to roughly 300,000 years ago (
6506:
6082:
5075:
4680:
4393:
4061:
3835:
2441:
2280:
1558:
1134:"Découverte exceptionnelle par un Français d'un sapiens de 300 000 ans"
626:
518:
487:
414:
398:
383:
371:
268:
264:
110:
1629:
1284:"New fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the pan-African origin of
4571:
3845:
3840:
2768:
652:
402:
397:
from 2004. Animal remains found at the site have enabled the ancient
325:
271:
252:
1092:
Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des
Sciences
6581:
6472:
6462:
5975:
5761:
3758:
3317:
548:
505:
428:
410:
406:
317:
259:, approximately 50 km (30 mi) south-east of the city of
1849:: These Early Humans Lived 300,000 Years Ago—But Had Modern Faces
6240:
5791:
5979:
5581:
4905:
4357:
3511:
3193:
Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin World Heritage Site
1919:
1857:
300:
based on other fossils and the flint artefacts found nearby).
2526:
Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura World Heritage Site
574:. Questions remain over the classification of these fossils.
347:
provenance is unknown. Another excavation was carried out by
242:
1829:: 160,000-year-old jawbone redefines origins of the species
1003:"Ancient Fossils from Morocco Mess Up Modern Human Origins"
1428:"Age of the oldest known Homo sapiens from eastern Africa"
884:"Oldest known Homo sapiens fossils discovered in Morocco"
1054:"Omochoerus maroccanus nov. sp., nouveau suide marocain"
590:
shape, and possibly brain functions, evolved within the
471:, dated to approximately 195,000 years ago and found in
312:
filled with 8 metres (26 ft) of deposits from the
1744:
Palaeolithic Quarrying Sites in Upper and Middle Egypt
1563:"Scientists Have Found the Oldest Known Human Fossils"
1494:
bones ever found shake foundations of the human story"
1221:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 111.
1028:"World's oldest Homo sapiens fossils found in Morocco"
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1088:"A cranium of ancient man in Jebel Irhoud (Morocco)"
586:. According to the researchers, this indicates that
6855:
6829:
6782:
6720:
6639:
6598:
6591:
6537:
6470:
6461:
6384:
6309:
6256:
6239:
6199:
6135:
6106:
6061:
6028:
6013:
5923:
5907:
5891:
5873:
5852:
5834:
5818:
5790:
5594:
5313:
5297:
5256:
5200:
5184:
5168:
5150:
5109:
5068:
5047:
5026:
4980:
4954:
4938:
4922:
4877:
4856:
4840:
4814:
4643:
4617:
4601:
4580:
4564:
4518:
4497:
4481:
4460:
4439:
4423:
4407:
4386:
4370:
4324:
4303:
4277:
4265:
4239:
4208:
4172:
4154:
4138:
4122:
4106:
4090:
4044:
4023:
4007:
3956:
3875:
3854:
3798:
3767:
3721:
3705:
3679:
3618:
3602:
3556:
3540:
3524:
3398:
3382:
3361:
3104:
3073:
3047:
3016:
2970:
2939:
2888:
2867:
2851:
2833:
2817:
2801:
2785:
2767:
2704:
2683:
2622:
2594:
2518:
2194:
2178:
2137:
2121:
2080:
2044:
2023:
1968:
1932:
606:. The Jebel Irhoud individuals also had very thick
193:
188:
176:
166:
161:
153:
116:
106:
95:
83:
6485:(archaic homo sapiens, anatomically modern humans)
1532:Found in Morocco, Altering History of Our Species"
1365:
1363:
1344:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
622:took a longer time to form than in modern humans.
484:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
1841:Found in Morocco, Altering History of Our Species
1215:Hublin, Jean-Jacques; McPherron, Shannon (2012).
940:
938:
553:A composite reconstruction of the earliest-known
499:, South Africa, which now has been attributed to
1518:
1516:
1514:
694:
692:
690:
1426:; Asfawrossen, Asrat; et al. (Jan 2022).
5991:
1869:
1655:Cartmill, Matt; Smith, Fred H. (2009-03-30).
703:fossil claim rewrites our species' history".
8:
1636:(in German). Informationsdienst Wissenschaft
1339:"Press Kit 2017-06-07 The first of our kind"
976:"Le Jbel Irhoud livre peu à peu ses secrets"
970:
968:
278:, the specimens have since been assigned to
87:
19:
6995:Pleistocene paleontological sites of Africa
1483:
1481:
1479:
1218:Modern Origins: A North African Perspective
1184:
1182:
1180:
1058:Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France
848:fossil claim rewrites our species' history"
537:This suggests that, rather than arising in
6595:
6467:
6260:
6253:
6067:
6025:
5998:
5984:
5976:
5591:
5578:
4919:
4902:
4367:
4354:
3521:
3508:
1929:
1916:
1884:Prehistoric cave sites, rock shelters and
1876:
1862:
1854:
1770:"The origin and evolution of Homo sapiens"
517:The tools discovered were found alongside
18:
1793:
1717:
1707:
1459:
1259:Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences
816:
806:
634:Jebel Irhoud specimens represent archaic
437:Initially, the finds were interpreted as
6890:Human evolutionary developmental biology
4651:Cradle of Humankind, World Heritage Site
1747:. Leuven University Press. p. 321.
1158:Kensington, James (September 12, 2017).
503:on the basis of the Jebel Irhoud finds.
686:
370:The site is particularly noted for the
1661:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 427.
951:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 320.
731:the origins of the Middle Stone Age".
699:Callaway, Ewan (7 June 2017). "Oldest
604:during thousands of years of evolution
316:era, located on the eastern side of a
6675:Evolutionary models of human drug use
1160:"On the Threshold of Modern Humanity"
7:
6915:
67:
945:Shaw, Ian; Jameson, Robert (2008).
482:However, dating carried out by the
232:
88:
1371:origins of the Middle Stone Age".
1052:Ennouchi, Emile (1 January 1953).
251:located just north of the town of
48:Smithsonian Natural History Museum
14:
3039:Mala Balanica and Velika Balanica
2202:Vézère Valley World Heritage Site
1997:Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes
1194:fossils at Jebel Irhoud, Morocco"
433:Stone tools found at Jebel Irhoud
6926:
6914:
6903:
6902:
1190:"Scientists discover the oldest
1132:Lewino, Frédéric (7 June 2017).
1086:Ennouchi, Émile (18 June 1962).
1066:10.2113/gssgfbull.S6-III.7-8.649
66:
59:
32:
6975:Archaeological sites in Morocco
6960:1960 archaeological discoveries
666:List of human evolution fossils
1741:Vermeersch, Pierre M. (2002).
889:Natural History Museum, London
842:Callaway, Ewan (7 June 2017).
16:Archaeological site in Morocco
1:
919:. 8 June 2017. Archived from
882:McNish, James (7 June 2017).
465:the then-oldest-known remains
308:The site is the remnant of a
1609:10.1126/science.356.6342.993
1589:Gibbons, Ann (7 June 2017).
674:List of transitional fossils
405:-like environment roamed by
243:
223:
6933:Evolutionary biology Portal
3227:Other caves with decoration
2309:Other caves with decoration
2231:Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil
1907:Caves containing pictograms
1488:Sample, Ian (7 June 2017).
948:A Dictionary of Archaeology
600:the way the brain functions
459:or perhaps a population of
386:designated Irhoud 4, and a
376:Rabat Archaeological Museum
292:for the Irhoud 3 mandible,
212:Standard Moroccan Tamazight
26:Adrar n Iɣud / ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵓⴷ
7016:
6990:Paleoanthropological sites
3211:Other World Heritage Sites
2298:Other World Heritage Sites
1897:Paleoanthropological sites
1452:10.1038/s41586-021-04275-8
353:Roger de Bayle des Hermens
215:
6898:
6878:Evolutionary anthropology
6263:
6070:
5947:
5590:
5577:
4918:
4901:
4366:
4353:
3520:
3507:
1928:
1915:
1892:
1595:fossils found in Morocco"
1060:. S6-III (7–8): 649–656.
916:Southern Cross University
862:10.1038/nature.2017.22114
715:10.1038/nature.2017.22114
524:thermoluminescence dating
421:, and various predators.
54:
31:
24:
5875:Northern Mariana Islands
6784:Origin of modern humans
1709:10.1073/pnas.0700747104
1196:. Phys.org. 7 June 2017
808:10.1073/pnas.0700747104
4399:Manyana Rock Paintings
2450:La Chapelle-aux-Saints
1821:Article at PhysOrg.com
1786:10.1098/rstb.2015.0237
1634:ist älter als gedacht"
558:
514:
434:
390:recorded as Irhoud 5.
267:. It is noted for the
38:Jebel Irhoud-1, dated
6792:Recent African origin
6030:Last common ancestors
4962:Actun Tunichil Muknal
1768:Stringer, C. (2016).
661:(with link directory)
552:
509:
432:
194:Excavation dates
84:Alternative name
6970:2017 in paleontology
6807:Behavioral modernity
6797:Multiregional origin
6577:archaic Homo sapiens
6572:Homo heidelbergensis
6517:Red Deer Cave people
4536:Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa
3476:Red Lady of Paviland
2368:Mayrières supérieure
658:List of fossil sites
177:Associated with
138:31.85500°N 8.87250°W
6444:H. neanderthalensis
6364:H. e. tautavelensis
5351:Colorado Millennial
3989:Shiraho Saonetabaru
2793:Bukuroshja e Fjetur
1847:National Geographic
1837:: Oldest Fossil of
1700:2007PNAS..104.6128S
1528:"Oldest Fossils of
1444:2022Natur.601..579V
1393:10.1038/nature22335
1385:2017Natur.546..293R
1315:10.1038/nature22336
1307:2017Natur.546..289H
1007:Scientific American
799:2007PNAS..104.6128S
753:10.1038/nature22335
745:2017Natur.546..293R
511:Jean-Jacques Hublin
395:Jean-Jacques Hublin
330:University of Rabat
257:Youssoufia Province
249:archaeological site
134: /
75:Location in Morocco
21:
6955:Peopling of Africa
6631:Self-domestication
6422:H. heidelbergensis
6371:H. e. yuanmouensis
6336:H. e. lantianensis
6063:Australopithecines
5169:Dominican Republic
4930:Cueva de las Manos
3826:Huto and Kamarband
3236:Barranc del Migdia
3122:Caves in Cantabria
2546:Hohlenstein-Stadel
2353:Grotte de Gabillou
2338:La Chaire a Calvin
1835:The New York Times
1780:(1698): 20150237.
1537:The New York Times
1424:Lane, Christine S.
1422:Vidal, Celine M.;
1164:Popular Archeology
559:
515:
435:
341:Middle Pleistocene
143:31.85500; -8.87250
6942:
6941:
6883:Paleoanthropology
6825:
6824:
6802:Archaic admixture
6680:Stoned ape theory
6616:Endurance running
6533:
6532:
6529:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6380:
6379:
6343:H. e. nankinensis
6299:H. tsaichangensis
6235:
6234:
5973:
5972:
5943:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5086:Piedras del Tunjo
5018:Toca da Tira Peia
4897:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4349:
4348:
4345:
4344:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3139:Hornos de la Peña
1694:(15): 6128–6133.
1658:The Human Lineage
1438:(7894): 579–583.
1379:(7657): 293–296.
1301:(7657): 289–292.
1261:(254): 4330–4332.
1228:978-94-007-2928-5
958:978-0-470-75196-1
793:(15): 6128–6133.
739:(7657): 293–296.
241:
221:
201:
200:
171:Lower Paleolithic
7007:
6980:Caves of Morocco
6930:
6918:
6917:
6906:
6905:
6842:Human prehistory
6817:Recent evolution
6812:Early migrations
6754:Thermoregulation
6655:Expensive tissue
6626:Sexual selection
6596:
6468:
6350:H. e. pekinensis
6261:
6254:
6169:A. bahrelghazali
6138:Australopithecus
6068:
6038:Chimpanzee–human
6026:
6000:
5993:
5986:
5977:
5892:Papua New Guinea
5592:
5579:
5531:Stanfield-Worley
5506:Rockhouse Cliffs
4920:
4903:
4771:Howieson's Poort
4468:Enkapune Ya Muto
4368:
4355:
3821:Eshkaft-e Siahoo
3522:
3509:
3276:Peñas de Cabrera
2576:Kleine Feldhofer
2536:Geissenklösterle
2388:Roc-aux-Sorciers
1930:
1917:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1855:
1808:
1807:
1797:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1721:
1711:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1591:"World's oldest
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1520:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1485:
1474:
1473:
1463:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1367:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1334:
1292:
1276:
1263:
1262:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1186:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
998:
992:
991:
989:
987:
980:L'economiste.com
972:
963:
962:
942:
933:
932:
930:
928:
907:
901:
900:
898:
896:
879:
873:
872:
870:
868:
839:
833:
830:
820:
810:
772:
725:
719:
718:
696:
299:
297:
291:
289:
246:
236:
234:
226:
220:romanized:
219:
217:
149:
148:
146:
145:
144:
139:
135:
132:
131:
130:
127:
91:
90:
70:
69:
63:
45:
43:
36:
22:
7015:
7014:
7010:
7009:
7008:
7006:
7005:
7004:
6985:Human evolution
6965:2017 in Morocco
6945:
6944:
6943:
6938:
6894:
6851:
6837:Human evolution
6821:
6778:
6722:
6716:
6695:Cooperative eye
6640:Specific models
6635:
6587:
6566:Homo antecessor
6521:
6457:
6451:H. rhodesiensis
6415:H. floresiensis
6376:
6357:H. e. soloensis
6329:H. e. georgicus
6305:
6269:H. gautengensis
6244:
6242:
6231:
6195:
6131:
6102:
6057:
6048:Orangutan–human
6017:
6009:
6007:Human evolution
6004:
5974:
5969:
5935:
5919:
5903:
5887:
5869:
5848:
5830:
5814:
5786:
5702:Mackintosh 90/1
5622:Beginner's Luck
5586:
5565:
5381:Dutchess Quarry
5321:Arnold Research
5309:
5293:
5252:
5196:
5180:
5164:
5146:
5105:
5064:
5043:
5022:
4976:
4972:Midnight Terror
4950:
4934:
4914:
4889:
4873:
4852:
4836:
4810:
4639:
4613:
4597:
4576:
4560:
4551:Kelif el Boroud
4514:
4493:
4477:
4456:
4435:
4419:
4403:
4382:
4362:
4341:
4320:
4299:
4273:
4261:
4235:
4204:
4168:
4150:
4134:
4118:
4102:
4086:
4040:
4019:
4003:
3952:
3871:
3850:
3794:
3763:
3717:
3701:
3675:
3614:
3598:
3552:
3536:
3516:
3495:
3394:
3378:
3357:
3256:los Murciélagos
3204:Roca dels Moros
3100:
3069:
3043:
3012:
2983:Chertovy Vorota
2966:
2935:
2884:
2863:
2847:
2835:North Macedonia
2829:
2813:
2797:
2781:
2763:
2700:
2679:
2618:
2590:
2514:
2277:Abri du Poisson
2242:Les Combarelles
2190:
2174:
2133:
2117:
2076:
2040:
2019:
2015:Trou de l'Abîme
1964:
1924:
1911:
1888:
1882:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1755:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1611:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1561:(7 June 2017).
1557:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1526:(7 June 2017).
1522:
1521:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1487:
1486:
1477:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1349:
1347:
1337:
1290:
1280:
1277:
1266:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1188:
1187:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1000:
999:
995:
985:
983:
974:
973:
966:
959:
944:
943:
936:
926:
924:
923:on 28 June 2022
909:
908:
904:
894:
892:
881:
880:
876:
866:
864:
841:
840:
836:
778:
729:
726:
722:
698:
697:
688:
683:
678:
648:
596:genetic changes
580:
493:Florisbad Skull
427:
368:
310:solutional cave
306:
295:
293:
287:
285:
238:Moroccan Arabic
142:
140:
136:
133:
128:
125:
123:
121:
120:
79:
78:
77:
76:
73:
72:
71:
50:
41:
39:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7013:
7011:
7003:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6947:
6946:
6940:
6939:
6937:
6936:
6924:
6912:
6899:
6896:
6895:
6893:
6892:
6887:
6886:
6885:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6859:
6857:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6849:
6847:Human timeline
6844:
6839:
6833:
6831:
6827:
6826:
6823:
6822:
6820:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6788:
6786:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6725:
6723:
6718:
6717:
6715:
6714:
6713:
6712:
6707:
6699:
6698:
6697:
6692:
6684:
6683:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6670:Drunken monkey
6664:
6663:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6643:
6641:
6637:
6636:
6634:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6602:
6600:
6599:General models
6593:
6589:
6588:
6586:
6585:
6543:
6541:
6535:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6492:
6487:
6478:
6476:
6465:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6447:
6440:
6433:
6425:
6418:
6411:
6403:
6398:
6390:
6388:
6386:Archaic humans
6382:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6374:
6367:
6360:
6353:
6346:
6339:
6332:
6325:
6317:
6315:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6303:
6295:
6291:H. rudolfensis
6287:
6280:
6273:
6264:
6258:
6251:
6237:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6229:
6222:
6215:
6212:P. aethiopicus
6207:
6205:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6193:
6186:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6158:
6151:
6143:
6141:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6122:
6114:
6112:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6093:
6090:Sahelanthropus
6086:
6079:
6076:Nakalipithecus
6071:
6065:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6034:
6032:
6023:
6011:
6010:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5995:
5988:
5980:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5941:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5927:
5925:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5911:
5909:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5901:
5895:
5893:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5885:
5879:
5877:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5862:
5856:
5854:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5840:
5838:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5822:
5820:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5796:
5794:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5617:Beeton Shelter
5614:
5609:
5604:
5598:
5596:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5575:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5317:
5315:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5289:T'uqu T'uquyuq
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5204:
5202:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5172:
5170:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5156:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5057:
5051:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4926:
4924:
4916:
4915:
4906:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4881:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4791:Pinnacle Point
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4593:The White Lady
4590:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4507:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4464:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4374:
4372:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4160:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4114:Khoit Tsenkher
4110:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4011:
4009:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3528:
3526:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3426:Creswell Crags
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3406:Aveline's Hole
3402:
3400:
3399:United Kingdom
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3348:Santa Catalina
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3143:Monte Castillo
3140:
3137:
3132:
3129:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3024:Hadži-Prodan's
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2839:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2267:
2262:
2261:Laugerie-Haute
2259:
2257:Laugerie-Basse
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2238:Abri Chadourne
2236:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2138:Czech Republic
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2108:Romuald's Cave
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1902:Cave paintings
1899:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1886:cave paintings
1883:
1881:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1843:
1831:
1823:
1816:
1815:External links
1813:
1810:
1809:
1760:
1753:
1733:
1674:
1667:
1647:
1621:
1581:
1550:
1510:
1475:
1414:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1335:
1264:
1249:
1246:(66): 279–299.
1234:
1227:
1207:
1176:
1150:
1124:
1078:
1044:
1019:
993:
964:
957:
934:
902:
874:
834:
832:
831:
776:
773:
720:
685:
684:
682:
679:
677:
676:
671:
663:
655:
649:
647:
644:
631:Iberomaurusian
579:
576:
426:
423:
367:
364:
349:Jacques Tixier
334:Émile Ennouchi
305:
302:
208:Adrar n Ighoud
199:
198:
195:
191:
190:
186:
185:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
97:
93:
92:
85:
81:
80:
74:
65:
64:
58:
57:
56:
55:
52:
51:
37:
29:
28:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7012:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6952:
6950:
6935:
6934:
6929:
6925:
6923:
6922:
6913:
6911:
6910:
6901:
6900:
6897:
6891:
6888:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6860:
6858:
6854:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6828:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6785:
6781:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6724:
6719:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6702:
6701:Life history
6700:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6638:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6597:
6594:
6590:
6584:
6583:
6578:
6574:
6573:
6568:
6567:
6562:
6561:
6556:
6555:
6554:Homo ergaster
6550:
6549:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6540:
6536:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6497:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6484:
6483:H. s. sapiens
6480:
6479:
6477:
6475:
6474:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6463:Modern humans
6460:
6453:
6452:
6448:
6446:
6445:
6441:
6439:
6438:
6437:H. luzonensis
6434:
6431:
6430:
6426:
6424:
6423:
6419:
6417:
6416:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6396:
6395:H. antecessor
6392:
6391:
6389:
6387:
6383:
6373:
6372:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6354:
6352:
6351:
6347:
6345:
6344:
6340:
6338:
6337:
6333:
6331:
6330:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6322:H. e. erectus
6319:
6318:
6316:
6314:
6313:
6308:
6301:
6300:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6274:
6271:
6270:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6259:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6248:
6238:
6228:
6227:
6223:
6221:
6220:
6216:
6214:
6213:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6204:
6203:
6198:
6192:
6191:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6180:
6178:
6177:
6176:A. deyiremeda
6173:
6171:
6170:
6166:
6164:
6163:
6159:
6157:
6156:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6140:
6139:
6134:
6128:
6127:
6123:
6121:
6120:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6111:
6110:
6105:
6099:
6098:
6097:Kenyanthropus
6094:
6092:
6091:
6087:
6085:
6084:
6080:
6078:
6077:
6073:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6060:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6043:Gorilla–human
6041:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6024:
6021:
6016:
6012:
6008:
6001:
5996:
5994:
5989:
5987:
5982:
5981:
5978:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5960:Cave painting
5958:
5956:
5955:List of caves
5953:
5950:
5949:
5946:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5922:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5906:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5894:
5890:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5872:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5851:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5837:
5836:New Caledonia
5833:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5817:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5789:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5742:New Guinea II
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5717:Mannalargenna
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5580:
5576:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5486:On Your Knees
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5411:Hidden Valley
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5314:United States
5312:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5255:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5233:Guilá Naquitz
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5218:Dzibilchaltún
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5167:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5108:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4998:Pedra Pintada
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4953:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4912:South America
4909:
4904:
4900:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4776:Klasies River
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4751:Byneskranskop
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4541:Ifri Oudadane
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4511:
4510:Uan Muhuggiag
4508:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4480:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4356:
4352:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4216:Batadombalena
4214:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4072:Ras Baalbek I
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3908:Nahal Me'arot
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3492:
3491:Windmill Hill
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3436:Heathery Burn
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:Tito Bustillo
3169:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3152:Las Chimeneas
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2978:Akhshtyrskaya
2976:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2926:Pego do Diabo
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2717:Arene Candide
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2604:Devil's Tower
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2378:Pair-non-Pair
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2363:Le Mas-d'Azil
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2313:Arcy-sur-Cure
2311:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2252:Font-de-Gaume
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2220:Abri Castanet
2219:
2218:
2217:Castel Merle
2216:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1754:9789058672667
1750:
1746:
1745:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1670:
1668:9780471214915
1664:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1648:
1635:
1633:
1625:
1622:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1585:
1582:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1287:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1244:Anthropologie
1238:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1211:
1208:
1195:
1193:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1151:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1125:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1098:: 4330–4332.
1097:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1079:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1008:
1004:
997:
994:
982:. 1 June 2017
981:
977:
971:
969:
965:
960:
954:
950:
949:
941:
939:
935:
922:
918:
917:
912:
906:
903:
891:
890:
885:
878:
875:
863:
859:
855:
854:
849:
847:
838:
835:
828:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
787:
782:
777:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
728:
727:
724:
721:
716:
712:
708:
707:
702:
695:
693:
691:
687:
680:
675:
672:
670:
669:(with images)
667:
664:
662:
659:
656:
654:
651:
650:
645:
643:
641:
637:
632:
628:
623:
621:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
577:
575:
573:
569:
565:
556:
551:
547:
544:
540:
535:
533:
527:
525:
520:
512:
508:
504:
502:
498:
494:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
449:
444:
440:
431:
424:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
366:Human remains
365:
363:
361:
358:
354:
350:
346:
345:stratigraphic
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
303:
301:
283:
282:
277:
273:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
239:
230:
225:
213:
209:
205:
196:
192:
187:
184:
183:
179:
175:
172:
169:
165:
160:
156:
152:
147:
119:
115:
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
94:
86:
82:
62:
53:
49:
35:
30:
23:
6931:
6919:
6907:
6774:Gender roles
6769:Intelligence
6582:Homo sapiens
6580:
6576:
6570:
6564:
6560:Homo erectus
6558:
6552:
6548:Homo habilis
6546:
6507:Manot people
6496:H. s. idaltu
6494:
6490:Jebel Irhoud
6489:
6482:
6473:Homo sapiens
6471:
6449:
6442:
6435:
6427:
6420:
6413:
6405:
6393:
6369:
6362:
6355:
6348:
6341:
6334:
6327:
6320:
6312:Homo erectus
6310:
6297:
6289:
6282:
6275:
6267:
6257:Proto-humans
6246:
6243:proto-humans
6224:
6217:
6210:
6202:Paranthropus
6200:
6188:
6181:
6174:
6167:
6162:A. anamensis
6160:
6155:A. africanus
6153:
6148:A. afarensis
6146:
6136:
6124:
6117:
6109:Ardipithecus
6107:
6095:
6088:
6081:
6074:
6053:Gibbon–human
5767:Wargata Mina
5727:Murrawijinie
5662:Eagles Reach
5657:Devil's Lair
5561:Wilson Butte
5346:Cherry Creek
5336:Bull Thistle
5081:Chiribiquete
5039:Charlie Lake
4967:Barton Creek
4781:Melkhoutboom
4721:Sterkfontein
4711:Plovers Lake
4644:South Africa
4546:Jebel Irhoud
4545:
4531:Ifri N'Ammar
4266:Turkmenistan
4231:Hunugalagala
4015:Iraq ed-Dubb
3780:Jeriji Saléh
3441:High Pasture
2998:Shulgan-Tash
2921:Pedra Furada
2742:
2581:Lichtenstein
2571:Brillenhöhle
2500:Le Regourdou
2460:La Ferrassie
2455:Combe Grenal
2398:Trois Frères
2333:Fontéchevade
2286:La Madeleine
1940:Drachenhöhle
1846:
1839:Homo sapiens
1838:
1834:
1827:The Guardian
1826:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1743:
1736:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1657:
1650:
1638:. Retrieved
1632:Homo sapiens
1631:
1624:
1612:. Retrieved
1598:
1593:Homo sapiens
1592:
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1568:The Atlantic
1566:
1553:
1541:. Retrieved
1535:
1530:Homo sapiens
1529:
1524:Zimmer, Carl
1501:. Retrieved
1498:The Guardian
1497:
1492:Homo sapiens
1491:
1435:
1431:
1417:
1376:
1372:
1348:. Retrieved
1342:
1298:
1294:
1286:Homo sapiens
1285:
1258:
1252:
1243:
1237:
1217:
1210:
1198:. Retrieved
1192:Homo sapiens
1191:
1167:. Retrieved
1163:
1153:
1141:. Retrieved
1137:
1127:
1115:. Retrieved
1095:
1091:
1081:
1069:. Retrieved
1057:
1047:
1035:. Retrieved
1031:
1022:
1010:. Retrieved
1006:
1001:Wong, Kate.
996:
984:. Retrieved
979:
947:
925:. Retrieved
921:the original
914:
905:
893:. Retrieved
887:
877:
865:. Retrieved
851:
846:Homo sapiens
845:
837:
790:
784:
736:
732:
723:
704:
701:Homo sapiens
700:
668:
660:
640:Homo sapiens
639:
636:Homo sapiens
635:
624:
620:Tooth crowns
616:
592:Homo sapiens
591:
581:
572:Homo sapiens
571:
567:
564:Homo sapiens
563:
560:
555:Homo sapiens
554:
543:Homo sapiens
542:
536:
532:Homo sapiens
531:
528:
516:
501:Homo sapiens
500:
481:
469:Homo sapiens
468:
461:Homo sapiens
460:
457:Homo sapiens
456:
448:Homo sapiens
446:
436:
392:
369:
338:
307:
281:Homo sapiens
279:
276:Neanderthals
224:Adrar n Iɣud
216:ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵓⴷ
207:
204:Jebel Irhoud
203:
202:
182:Homo sapiens
180:
20:Jebel Irhoud
6705:Grandmother
6660:Shore-based
6621:Aquatic ape
6512:Tam Pa Ling
6407:H. ergaster
6226:P. robustus
5853:New Zealand
5677:Gwion Gwion
5546:Trail Creek
5471:Meadowcroft
5431:Last Supper
5361:Daugherty's
5223:Las Flechas
5008:Rei do Mato
4732:Other caves
4716:Rising Star
4691:Makapansgat
4656:Bolt's Farm
4473:Njoro River
4316:Teshik-Tash
4311:Obi-Rakhmat
4295:Yarımburgaz
4195:Lapuz Lapuz
4173:Philippines
4082:Nachcharini
4077:Ras El Kelb
4036:Tam Pa Ling
4031:Tham An Mah
3913:Nahal Hemar
3661:Zhoukoudian
3636:Guanyindong
3610:Laang Spean
3532:Darra-e Kur
3525:Afghanistan
3471:Portbraddon
3461:Marble Arch
3374:Wildkirchli
3362:Switzerland
3298:Other caves
3271:Ojo Guareña
3251:Maltravieso
3246:Los Casares
3221:Siega Verde
3186:Los Aviones
3181:Santimamiñe
3155:Las Monedas
3148:El Castillo
3055:Čertova pec
3003:Mezmaiskaya
2911:Lagar Velho
2843:Cocev Kamen
2722:Balzi Rossi
2562:Other caves
2551:Sirgenstein
2480:Le Moustier
2470:Fontbrégoua
2430:Bonne-Femme
2410:Other caves
2129:Aetokremnos
2072:Utroba Cave
1978:Claminforge
1975:Belle-Roche
1032:science.org
612:prognathism
610:and lacked
608:brow ridges
539:East Africa
443:stone tools
439:Neanderthal
320:outcrop of
314:Pleistocene
253:Tlet Ighoud
141: /
117:Coordinates
44:32 kya
7000:Mousterian
6949:Categories
6744:Skin color
6729:Bipedalism
6690:Killer ape
6502:Cro-Magnon
6401:Denisovans
6277:H. habilis
6241:Humans and
6126:A. ramidus
6119:A. kadabba
5965:Speleology
5782:Wellington
5737:Naracoorte
5722:Mudgegonga
5707:Madjedbebe
5672:Gabarnmung
5612:Ballawinne
5602:Abrakurrie
5501:Pictograph
5279:Qillqatani
5274:Pikimachay
5269:Guitarrero
5264:Chivateros
5243:Oxtotitlán
5096:Tequendama
4806:Wonderwerk
4786:Nelson Bay
4766:Elands Bay
4726:Swartkrans
4671:Gladysvale
4618:Somaliland
4565:Mozambique
4505:Haua Fteah
4304:Uzbekistan
3969:Minatogawa
3964:Kosegasawa
3918:Nahal Oren
3862:Hazar Merd
3831:Qaleh Bozi
3816:Do-Ashkaft
3713:Satsurblia
3680:East Timor
3557:Azerbaijan
3446:Kendrick's
3411:Bontnewydd
3333:Don Gaspar
3286:Praileaitz
3241:Las Caldas
3159:La Pasiega
3086:Divje Babe
3008:Okladnikov
2993:Ignatievka
2916:Pala Pinta
2825:Għar Dalam
2802:Luxembourg
2777:St Brelade
2759:Villabruna
2670:Stravomyti
2660:Megalakkos
2645:Eileithyia
2630:Alepotrypa
2541:Hohle Fels
2427:Balauzière
2383:Pech Merle
2291:Rouffignac
2265:La Micoque
2247:Cro-Magnon
2206:Bara Bahau
2150:Býčí skála
2098:Vela Spila
2057:Devetashka
2052:Bacho Kiro
1350:1 November
1169:1 November
1117:1 November
1071:1 November
1037:1 November
1012:1 November
927:1 November
895:1 November
681:References
578:Morphology
473:Omo Kibish
419:rhinoceros
360:Mousterian
343:, but the
298:34 ka
290:32 ka
189:Site notes
126:31°51′18″N
6863:Theorists
6830:Timelines
6710:Patriarch
6686:Behavior
6611:Gathering
6539:Ancestors
6284:H. naledi
6219:P. boisei
6190:A. sediba
5931:Nanumanga
5915:Falemauga
5826:Makauwahi
5595:Australia
5551:Trinchera
5426:La Grange
5396:Gatecliff
5391:Franktown
5386:Fort Rock
5366:Dry Creek
5284:Toquepala
5248:Sac Actun
5238:Ox Bel Ha
5228:Frightful
5213:Coxcatlan
5192:Long Mile
4946:Quadiriki
4923:Argentina
4761:Diepkloof
4746:Boomplaas
4701:Minnaar's
4686:Kromdraai
4635:Laas Geel
4630:Dhaymoole
4625:Dhambalin
4588:Apollo 11
4489:Liphofung
4415:Shum Laka
4378:Gueldaman
4332:Con Moong
4209:Sri Lanka
4156:Palestine
4130:Padah-Lin
4067:Ksar Akil
3999:Yamashita
3984:Pinza-Abu
3790:Pettakere
3785:Liang Bua
3768:Indonesia
3754:Pahargarh
3739:Bhimbetka
3697:Lene Hara
3687:Jerimalai
3666:Zengpiyan
3656:Yuchanyan
3456:Long Hole
3353:del Valle
3328:dels Bous
3281:la Pileta
3216:Atapuerca
3131:Covalanas
3029:Pešturina
2957:Muierilor
2947:Coliboaia
2859:Svarthola
2675:Theopetra
2665:Petralona
2650:Franchthi
2640:Asphendou
2596:Gibraltar
2566:Baumann's
2556:Vogelherd
2531:Bockstein
2510:Vallonnet
2505:Rochereil
2495:Raymonden
2485:Noisetier
2437:Bruniquel
2358:Marsoulas
2348:Lombrives
2343:La Marche
2269:La Mouthe
2235:Abri Audi
2213:Cap Blanc
2155:Koněprusy
2145:Amatérská
2113:Veternica
2062:Kozarnika
2036:Ledenjača
1960:Tischofer
1950:Lurgrotte
1409:205255853
1331:205255859
1104:0001-4036
769:205255853
584:braincase
497:Florisbad
441:, as the
357:Levallois
322:limestone
247:), is an
244:žbəl iġud
233:جبل إيغود
129:8°52′21″W
89:جبل إيغود
6909:Category
6764:Language
6734:Skeleton
6429:H. longi
6183:A. garhi
6020:Hominins
6015:Taxonomy
5772:Warratyi
5757:Tarragal
5747:Nunamira
5732:Murujuga
5697:Kutikina
5692:Koonalda
5687:Koongine
5647:Cliefden
5642:Cave Bay
5541:Tomaquag
5526:Sisyphus
5456:Mantle's
5446:Lovelock
5441:LoDaisKa
5421:Humboldt
5305:Werehpai
5298:Suriname
5208:Chan Hol
5127:Centella
5117:Ambrosio
5069:Colombia
5034:Bluefish
4878:Zimbabwe
4815:Tanzania
4801:Stadsaal
4706:Motsetsi
4676:Gondolin
4666:Drimolen
4661:Cooper's
4556:Taforalt
4526:Hercules
4452:Swimmers
4424:DR Congo
4408:Cameroon
4387:Botswana
4257:Tham Lod
4247:Pha Taem
4240:Thailand
4221:Belilena
4139:Pakistan
4107:Mongolia
4091:Malaysia
4052:Antelias
3994:Tobayama
3948:Zuttiyeh
3867:Shanidar
3729:Ambadevi
3646:Tianyuan
3626:Baishiya
3603:Cambodia
3343:El Mirón
3338:Guanches
3313:Armintxe
3231:Bacinete
3176:Altxerri
3165:El Pendo
3135:La Garma
3117:Altamira
3074:Slovenia
3065:Jasovská
3048:Slovakia
3034:Risovača
2988:Denisova
2952:Cuciulat
2906:Furninha
2901:Escoural
2889:Portugal
2880:Paradise
2875:Obłazowa
2809:Loschbur
2749:Paglicci
2732:Corbeddu
2614:Vanguard
2609:Gorham's
2490:La Quina
2433:Bouillon
2420:Aurignac
2224:Reverdit
2209:Bernifal
2088:Grapčeva
2045:Bulgaria
2005:Scladina
1992:Naulette
1955:Salzofen
1804:27298468
1728:17372199
1559:Yong, Ed
1490:"Oldest
1470:35022610
1401:28593967
1323:28593953
1138:Le Point
1112:13890331
844:"Oldest
827:17372199
761:28593967
646:See also
477:Ethiopia
455:form of
415:gazelles
388:hip bone
380:mandible
99:East of
96:Location
6921:Commons
6873:Fossils
6739:Muscles
6650:Cooking
6606:Hunting
6083:Orrorin
5883:Chugai'
5865:Ruakuri
5800:Gadao's
5777:Warreen
5712:Mammoth
5682:Jenolan
5627:Blanche
5607:Acheron
5584:Oceania
5556:Ventana
5536:Tainter
5511:Russell
5496:Pendejo
5491:Paisley
5451:Mammoth
5371:Durango
5331:Bonfire
5185:Jamaica
5152:Curaçao
5091:Sáchica
5076:El Abra
5060:Milodón
5003:Peruaçu
4993:Maquiné
4885:Bambata
4864:Kalemba
4736:Blombos
4681:Haasgat
4602:Nigeria
4581:Namibia
4519:Morocco
4482:Lesotho
4394:Tsodilo
4371:Algeria
4325:Vietnam
4285:Belbaşı
4271:Dzhebel
4226:Fa Hien
4185:Kalanay
4146:Sanghao
4123:Myanmar
4062:Kaukaba
4045:Lebanon
3933:Raqefet
3903:Misliya
3888:HaYonim
3836:Warwasi
3811:Darband
3806:Bisitun
3775:Harimau
3749:Gudiyam
3744:Edakkal
3706:Georgia
3651:Xianren
3579:Damjili
3574:Buzeyir
3548:Areni-1
3541:Armenia
3466:Oldbury
3431:Gough's
3416:Cathole
3390:Verteba
3383:Ukraine
2940:Romania
2931:Salemas
2896:Aroeira
2727:Cavallo
2712:Addaura
2691:Baradla
2684:Hungary
2635:Apidima
2519:Germany
2475:Lazaret
2403:Villars
2323:Cosquer
2303:Chauvet
2281:Lascaux
2179:Finland
2103:Vindija
2093:Krapina
2081:Croatia
2001:Ramioul
1969:Belgium
1945:Gudenus
1933:Austria
1795:4920294
1719:1828706
1696:Bibcode
1600:Science
1461:8791829
1440:Bibcode
1381:Bibcode
1303:Bibcode
818:1828706
795:Bibcode
741:Bibcode
627:Aterian
519:gazelle
488:Leipzig
453:archaic
399:ecology
384:humerus
372:hominin
318:karstic
272:fossils
269:hominin
265:Morocco
167:Periods
162:History
111:Morocco
6856:Others
6759:Speech
6721:Topics
6666:Drugs
6592:Models
5924:Tuvalu
5860:Moncks
5844:Pindai
5819:Hawaii
5810:Talagi
5805:Mahlac
5667:Fossil
5652:Cloggs
5637:Burrup
5516:Sandia
5461:Marmes
5406:Hidden
5401:Graham
5356:Danger
5341:Burnet
5201:Mexico
5176:Pomier
5137:Patana
5122:Calero
5101:Tibitó
5027:Canada
4988:Gentio
4981:Brazil
4955:Belize
4869:Mumbwa
4857:Zambia
4841:Uganda
4822:Kondoa
4796:Sibudu
4741:Border
4696:Malapa
4572:Ngalue
4447:Beasts
4431:Matupi
4360:Africa
4290:Karain
4278:Turkey
4252:Spirit
4190:Minori
4180:Callao
4164:Shuqba
4008:Jordan
3979:Ōzakai
3974:Muroya
3923:Qafzeh
3893:Kebara
3876:Israel
3846:Yafteh
3841:Wezmeh
3671:Zhiren
3584:Tağlar
3486:Thor's
3421:Coygan
3369:Bichon
3323:Bedmar
3291:Sidrón
3127:Chufín
3060:Domica
3017:Serbia
2971:Russia
2868:Poland
2852:Norway
2786:Kosovo
2769:Jersey
2754:Romito
2696:Szelim
2655:Kleidi
2623:Greece
2328:Cussac
2318:Gargas
2273:Pataud
2195:France
2165:Mladeč
2122:Cyprus
2067:Magura
2031:Badanj
2024:Bosnia
1922:Europe
1802:
1792:
1751:
1726:
1716:
1665:
1640:8 June
1614:8 June
1574:7 June
1543:7 June
1503:7 June
1468:
1458:
1432:Nature
1407:
1399:
1373:Nature
1329:
1321:
1295:Nature
1225:
1200:7 June
1143:7 June
1110:
1102:
986:7 June
955:
867:5 July
853:Nature
825:
815:
767:
759:
733:Nature
706:Nature
653:Fossil
425:Dating
411:bovids
407:equids
403:steppe
326:baryte
229:Arabic
154:Height
107:Region
6868:Books
6646:Diet
5908:Samoa
5762:Ubirr
5752:ORS 7
5521:Shoup
5481:Mummy
5476:Modoc
5466:Martz
5416:Hogup
5326:Baker
5142:Pluma
5048:Chile
5013:Santo
4939:Aruba
4908:North
4848:Nyero
4832:Mumba
4756:Cango
4498:Libya
4461:Kenya
4440:Egypt
4337:Ngườm
4200:Tabon
4057:Jeita
3957:Japan
3943:Tabun
3938:Skhul
3928:Qesem
3898:Manot
3759:Tikla
3734:Belum
3722:India
3692:Laili
3641:Luobi
3631:Fuyan
3619:China
3594:Gazma
3569:Azykh
3564:Allar
3451:Kents
3318:Axlor
3308:Antón
3303:Ángel
3261:Nerja
3199:Araña
3105:Spain
3096:Potok
3091:Pekel
3081:Betal
2818:Malta
2743:Felci
2705:Italy
2586:Ofnet
2446:Cauna
2442:Calès
2415:Arago
2393:Renne
2373:Niaux
2170:Šipka
2160:Kůlna
1987:Goyet
1982:Engis
1630:"Der
1405:S2CID
1327:S2CID
1291:(PDF)
765:S2CID
588:brain
467:of a
157:592 m
6749:Hair
6569:) →
6247:Homo
5951:Cave
5899:Kilu
5792:Guam
5632:Bone
5436:Levi
5376:Dust
5257:Peru
5160:Hato
5132:Cura
5110:Cuba
5055:Fell
4910:and
4827:Bahi
4098:Niah
4024:Laos
3883:Amud
3855:Iraq
3799:Iran
3514:Asia
3481:Sand
3266:Niño
2962:Oase
2737:Deer
2465:Fées
2186:Wolf
1800:PMID
1749:ISBN
1724:PMID
1688:PNAS
1663:ISBN
1642:2017
1616:2017
1576:2017
1545:2017
1505:2017
1466:PMID
1397:PMID
1352:2022
1319:PMID
1223:ISBN
1202:2017
1171:2022
1145:2017
1119:2022
1108:PMID
1100:ISSN
1073:2022
1039:2022
1014:2022
988:2017
953:ISBN
929:2022
897:2022
869:2017
823:PMID
757:PMID
629:and
568:Homo
351:and
304:Site
261:Safi
197:1991
101:Safi
6563:(→
6454:(?)
6432:(?)
6410:(?)
6302:(?)
6294:(?)
6272:(?)
4609:Rop
3589:Zar
2424:Azé
2010:Spy
1790:PMC
1782:doi
1778:371
1714:PMC
1704:doi
1692:104
1605:doi
1456:PMC
1448:doi
1436:601
1389:doi
1377:546
1311:doi
1299:546
1096:254
1062:doi
858:doi
813:PMC
803:doi
791:104
749:doi
737:546
711:doi
486:in
294:315
286:286
263:in
255:in
206:or
40:286
6951::
6579:→
6575:→
6557:/
6551:→
1798:.
1788:.
1776:.
1772:.
1722:.
1712:.
1702:.
1690:.
1686:.
1603:.
1597:.
1565:.
1534:.
1513:^
1496:.
1478:^
1464:.
1454:.
1446:.
1434:.
1430:.
1403:.
1395:.
1387:.
1375:.
1362:^
1341:.
1325:.
1317:.
1309:.
1297:.
1293:.
1267:^
1179:^
1162:.
1136:.
1106:.
1094:.
1090:.
1056:.
1030:.
1005:.
978:.
967:^
937:^
913:.
886:.
856:.
850:.
821:.
811:.
801:.
789:.
783:.
763:.
755:.
747:.
735:.
709:.
689:^
614:.
534:.
475:,
417:,
413:,
409:,
362:.
336:.
235:,
231::
227:;
218:,
214::
46:,
6249:)
6245:(
6022:)
6018:(
5999:e
5992:t
5985:v
3195:)
1877:e
1870:t
1863:v
1806:.
1784::
1757:.
1730:.
1706::
1698::
1671:.
1644:.
1618:.
1607::
1578:.
1547:.
1507:.
1472:.
1450::
1442::
1411:.
1391::
1383::
1354:.
1333:.
1313::
1305::
1288:"
1231:.
1204:.
1173:.
1147:.
1121:.
1075:.
1064::
1041:.
1016:.
990:.
961:.
931:.
899:.
871:.
860::
829:.
805::
797::
771:.
751::
743::
717:.
713::
296:±
288:±
240::
210:(
42:±
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
