344:
Clack is best known for her extensive body of work on early tetrapods, much of which redefined how paleontologists conceived of the evolution of limbs and other features associated with tetrapods' transition from other lobe-finned fishes. She began her career working primarily on the ear of early
353:", a major gap in the fossil record of early tetrapods and one that she subsequently began to fill in collaboration with other paleontologists. Clack also undertook extensive fieldwork expeditions in order to search for further remains of early tetrapods. In 1987, during an expedition to
275:
in 1970. In 1978, she accepted an invitation from Alec
Panchen to obtain a Ph.D. from the same university, at the encouragement of her then new boyfriend Rob Clack. They married in 1980. Her doctorate was completed in 1984. She also held a Graduate Certificate in Museum Studies from the
1137:"Clack, Prof. Jennifer Alice, (born 3 Nov. 1947), Curator in Vertebrate Palaeontology, 2005–15, and Professor, 2006–15, now Professor Emeritus of Vertebrate Palaeontology, University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge; Fellow, Darwin College, Cambridge, 1997–2015, now Emeritus"
3140:
3095:
Clack, Jennifer Alice; Challands, Thomas James; Smithson, Timothy
Richard; Smithson, Keturah Zoe (2 November 2018). "Newly recognized Famennian lungfishes from East Greenland reveal tooth plate diversity and blur the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary".
1003:. The university described her as "an internationally preeminent palaeontologist whose research has profoundly changed the understanding of the origin of terrestrial vertebrate life." Also in 2013, she was awarded the T Neville George Medal by the
408:
3296:
Clack, Jennifer A.; Bennett, Carys E.; Carpenter, David K.; Davies, Sarah J.; Fraser, Nicholas C.; Kearsey, Timothy I.; Marshall, John E. A.; Millward, David; Otoo, Benjamin K. A.; Reeves, Emma J.; Ross, Andrew J. (5 December 2016).
1457:
Clack, Jennifer A.; Bennett, Carys E.; Carpenter, David K.; Davies, Sarah J.; Fraser, Nicholas C.; Kearsey, Timothy I.; Marshall, John E. A.; Millward, David; Otoo, Benjamin K. A.; Reeves, Emma J.; Ross, Andrew J. (5 December 2016).
44:
316:
by the
University of Cambridge, and took the title Professor of Vertebrate Palaeontology. She retired in 2015 and became Emeritus Professor of Vertebrate Palaeontology at the museum. In 1997, Clack was elected a
4319:
415:
book, Clack also co-authored a volume of the
Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie series on early tetrapods with Andrew Milner in 2015 and co-edited a volume on the evolution of hearing in 2016.
4314:
411:
and is one of the most published vertebrate paleontologists in Nature, arguably the leading scientific journal in the world, with over 15 papers in that journal alone. In addition to her
312:, as an Assistant Curator. She was promoted to Senior Assistant Curator in 1995. Since 2005, she has been Curator in Vertebrate Palaeontology at the museum. In 2006, she was awarded a
2003:
Clément, Gaël; Ahlberg, Per E.; Blieck, Alain; Blom, Henning; Clack, Jennifer A.; Poty, Edouard; Thorez, Jacques; Janvier, Philippe (2004). "Devonian tetrapod from western Europe".
3924:
1357:
1432:
1303:
Clack, J. A. (1983). "The stapes of the Coal
Measures embolomere Pholiderpeton scutigerum Huxley (Amphibia: Anthracosauria) and otic evolution in early tetrapods".
4309:
4274:
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3048:
Challands, Tom J.; Smithson, Timothy R.; Clack, Jennifer A.; Bennett, Carys E.; Marshall, John E. A.; Wallace-Johnson, Sarah M.; Hill, Henrietta (11 March 2019).
4289:
1944:
Clack, J. A.; Ahlberg, P. E.; Finney, S. M.; Dominguez Alonso, P.; Robinson, J.; Ketcham, R. A. (2003). "A uniquely specialized ear in a very early tetrapod".
212:, specifically studying the "fish to tetrapod" transition: the origin, evolutionary development and radiation of early tetrapods and their relatives among the
4294:
3514:
Clack, J A (1 April 2003). "A new baphetid (stem tetrapod) from the Upper
Carboniferous of Tyne and Wear, U.K., and the evolution of the tetrapod occiput".
975:
4304:
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Pierce, Stephanie E.; Ahlberg, Per E.; Hutchinson, John R.; Molnar, Julia L.; Sanchez, Sophie; Tafforeau, Paul; Clack, Jennifer A. (13 January 2013).
1459:
3421:"A new genus of Devonian tetrapod from North-East Greenland, with new information on the lower jaw of Ichthyostega: A NEW GENUS OF DEVONIAN TETRAPOD"
3189:
Richards, Kelly R.; Sherwin, Janet E.; Smithson, Timothy R.; Bennion, Rebecca F.; Davies, Sarah J.; Marshall, John E. A.; Clack, Jennifer A. (2017).
473:, a set of documentaries about scientists who have made important discoveries. This may be viewed on YouTube. Clack was honored by her peers with a
4269:
189:
33:
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Smithson, Timothy R.; Browne, Michael A. E.; Davies, Sarah J.; Marshall, John E. A.; Millward, David; Walsh, Stig A.; Clack, Jennifer A. (2017).
3834:
4284:
1773:
Ahlberg, Per E.; Clack, Jennifer A.; Luks̆evic̆s, Ervīns (1996). "Rapid braincase evolution between
Panderichthys and the earliest tetrapods".
1606:"A Tournaisian (earliest Carboniferous) conglomerate-preserved non-marine faunal assemblage and its environmental and sedimentological context"
305:
224:
152:
2604:
Callier, V.; Clack, J. A.; Ahlberg, P. E. (17 April 2009). "Contrasting
Developmental Trajectories in the Earliest Known Tetrapod Forelimbs".
4324:
3627:
2829:
1516:
Otoo, Benjamin K. A.; Clack, Jennifer A.; Smithson, Timothy R.; Bennett, Carys E.; Kearsey, Timothy I.; Coates, Michael I. (3 October 2018).
986:
260:
3460:
Clack, Jennifer A. (2011). "A new microsaur from the early carboniferous (Viséan) of East
Kirkton, Scotland, showing soft tissue evidence".
281:
4299:
3746:
3907:
1604:
Clack, Jennifer A.; Bennett, Carys E.; Davies, Sarah J.; Scott, Andrew C.; Sherwin, Janet E.; Smithson, Timothy R. (3 January 2019).
447:
Clack supervised many graduate students who went on to pursue successful careers in paleontology and evolutionary biology, including
4279:
1015:
338:
272:
228:
235:, where she devoted her career to studying the early development of tetrapods, the "four-legged" animals said to have evolved from
345:
tetrapods and later expanded to more broadly addressing the osteology and evolution of tetrapods. Together with
Michael Coates (
3557:
Clack, J. A. (1993). "Silvanerpeton miripedes, a new anthracosauroid from the Viséan of East Kirkton, West Lothian, Scotland".
1171:"Fossils, function and phylogeny: Papers on early vertebrate evolution in honour of Professor Jennifer A. Clack – Introduction"
384:
Most recently, she led a major consortium project (TW:eed) investigating some exciting new fossils from Northumberland and the
985:, the first female vertebrate paleontologist to achieve the honor. She has also been elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the
469:
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377:
in 1970. Additional surveys in 1998 led to the collection of substantial new material, including what is now recognized as
4154:
4149:
1004:
3859:
2054:
Ahlberg, Per Erik; Clack, Jennifer A.; Blom, Henning (2005). "The axial skeleton of the Devonian tetrapod Ichthyostega".
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1022:
3916:
982:
182:
29:
1385:"A new genus of Devonian tetrapod from North-East Greenland, with new information on the lower jaw of Ichthyostega"
971:
385:
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Over the course of her lengthy career, Clack published in some of the most notable scientific journals, including
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period; this project has produced numerous publications furthering the understanding of early tetrapod evolution.
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Johanson, Zerina; Jeffery, Jonathan; Challands, Tom; Pierce, Stephanie; Clack, Jennifer (27 October 2020).
3900:
1827:
Clack, Jennifer A. (1998). "A new Early Carboniferous tetrapod with a mélange of crown-group characters".
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205:
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Beznosov, Pavel A.; Clack, Jennifer A.; Lukševičs, Ervīns; Ruta, Marcello; Ahlberg, Per Erik (2019).
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Coates, M. I.; Clack, J. A. (1991). "Fish-like gills and breathing in the earliest known tetrapod".
4120:
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Coates, Michael I.; Clack, Jennifer A. (1995). "Romer's gap: Tetrapod origins and terrestriality".
460:
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Clack was born on 3 November 1947, the only child of Ernest and Alice Agnew. She was brought up in
3631:
1518:"A fish and tetrapod fauna from Romer's Gap preserved in Scottish Tournaisian floodplain deposits"
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3050:"A lungfish survivor of the end-Devonian extinction and an Early Carboniferous dipnoan radiation"
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2835:
2816:. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research. Vol. 59. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
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1985:
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Ahlberg, Per E.; Clack, Jennifer A.; Lukševičs, Ervīns; Blom, Henning; Zupiņš, Ivars (2008).
4052:
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4013:
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3666:
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Clack, Jennifer A.; Ahlberg, Erik (2004). Arratia, G.; Wilson, M.V.H.; Cloutier, R. (eds.).
3440:
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3313:
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2012:
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Neenan, James M.; Ruta, Marcello; Clack, Jennifer A.; Rayfield, Emily J. (22 April 2014).
993:
326:
2665:"Earliest Carboniferous tetrapod and arthropod faunas from Scotland populate Romer's Gap"
2171:
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3387:
3191:"Diverse and durophagous: Early Carboniferous chondrichthyans from the Scottish Borders"
3000:
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2866:
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Coates, M. I.; Clack, J. A. (1990). "Polydactyly in the earliest known tetrapod limbs".
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2421:"Life history of the stem tetrapod Acanthostega revealed by synchrotron microtomography"
2316:
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2420:
1640:
1605:
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313:
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2539:
1864:
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515:
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256:
240:
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had more than five toes per foot: the Upper Devonian tetrapods from East Greenland,
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2348:
2282:
2219:
2156:
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1989:
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1708:
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368:
362:
220:, published in 2002 (second edition, 2012) and written with the layperson in mind.
201:
135:
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2234:
1930:
3835:"Professor Jenny Clack awarded the Palaeontological Association's Lapworth Medal"
3238:"A new Mississippian tetrapod from Fife, Scotland, and its environmental context"
2942:"A New Look At Carboniferous Rhizodontid Humeri (Sarcopterygii; Tetrapodomorpha)"
1085:
4207:
4159:
4132:
4115:
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1141:
474:
389:
2663:
Smithson, T. R.; Wood, S. P.; Marshall, J. E. A.; Clack, J. A. (5 March 2012).
4008:
3570:
3559:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
3206:
3195:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
3156:
3145:
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
2821:
2732:"Feeding biomechanics in Acanthostega and across the fish–tetrapod transition"
2515:
2419:
Sanchez, Sophie; Tafforeau, Paul; Clack, Jennifer A.; Ahlberg, Per E. (2016).
1574:
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Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1262:
1187:
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Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1170:
689:
638:
436:
268:
252:
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Clack, Jennifer A.; Ahlberg, Per E.; Blom, Henning; Finney, Sarah M. (2012).
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3164:
3117:
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3016:
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2698:
2633:
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Clack, J. A. (2 April 2004). "PALEONTOLOGY: Enhanced: From Fins to Fingers".
2523:
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2389:
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Pierce, Stephanie E.; Clack, Jennifer A.; Hutchinson, John R. (23 May 2012).
2203:
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1973:
1914:
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1802:
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CLACK, JENNIFER A.; AHLBERG, PER E.; BLOM, HENNING; FINNEY, SARAH M. (2012).
1324:
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1010:
On 17 July 2014, she was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree by the
467:). In April 2012 she was featured in an episode of the BBC television series
3772:
3372:"Lungfish diversity in Romer's Gap: reaction to the end-Devonian extinction"
3317:
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1478:
958:
Clack died on 26 March 2020 at the age of 72, after a five-year battle with
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1981:
1922:
1649:
1494:
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4126:
4104:
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4058:
4046:
4034:
2985:"The smallest known Devonian tetrapod shows unexpectedly derived features"
2235:"Three-dimensional limb joint mobility in the early tetrapod Ichthyostega"
1700:
3141:"A new tetrapod from Romer's Gap reveals an early adaptation for walking"
1559:"A new tetrapod from Romer's Gap reveals an early adaptation for walking"
891:
756:
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722:
419:
373:
following up on field notes of researchers who had collected material of
236:
209:
3299:"Phylogenetic and environmental context of a Tournaisian tetrapod fauna"
3008:
2489:"Morphology of the earliest reconstructable tetrapod Parmastega aelidae"
2444:
2324:
2258:
2195:
2075:
1965:
1906:
1663:
Clack, J. A. (1989). "Discovery of the earliest-known tetrapod stapes".
1460:"Phylogenetic and environmental context of a Tournaisian tetrapod fauna"
43:
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1622:
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1517:
655:
131:
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3254:
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3109:
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by Cambridge, taking the title Professor of Vertebrate Palaeontology.
3370:
Smithson, Timothy R.; Richards, Kelly R.; Clack, Jennifer A. (2016).
2874:
1794:
1743:
1684:
434:
had eight (compared to the six toes of the Russian Devonian tetrapod
379:
318:
264:
3799:"Figures from public life to be honoured by University of Leicester"
3535:
3481:
A new stem tetrapod from the Early Carboniferous of Northern Ireland
2812:
Clack, Jennifer A.; Fay, Richard R; Popper, Arthur N., eds. (2016).
2380:
2363:
2131:
2114:
2016:
3864:
3837:. University of Cambridge - Department of Zoology. 18 December 2015
1848:
3747:"University to bestow five honorary degrees at 515th Convocation"
3889:
3880:
Jenny Clack, Paleontologist: The First Vertebrate Walks on Land
1014:. Also in 2014, she was made an Honorary Foreign Member of the
418:
Clack is probably best known for discovering that the earliest
1169:
Ruta, Marcello; Ahlberg, Per E.; Smithson, Timothy R. (2018).
239:
lobe-finned fishes and colonised the freshwater swamps of the
3879:
2905:"BBC Four - Beautiful Minds, Series 2, Professor Jenny Clack"
1288:"Report of the General Board on Senior Academic Promotions".
16:
English paleontologist and evolutionary biologist (1947–2020)
2172:"Ventastega curonica and the origin of tetrapod morphology"
1340:
Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Section C
218:
Gaining Ground: the Origin and Early Evolution of Tetrapods
114:
Gaining Ground: the Origin and Early Evolution of Tetrapods
3483:. München: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil. pp. 309–320.
1079:
1077:
2736:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
2298:"Vertebral architecture in the earliest stem tetrapods"
1111:"Congregation of the Regent House on 9 December 2000"
4320:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
3659:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
4231:
4180:
3931:
357:, Clack and her team discovered the remains of the
145:
127:
109:
89:
81:
69:
50:
23:
3655:"Jennifer A. Clack. 3 November 1947—26 March 2020"
200:; 3 November 1947 – 26 March 2020) was an English
3139:Smithson, Timothy R.; Clack, Jennifer A. (2017).
1557:Smithson, Timothy R.; Clack, Jennifer A. (2017).
4315:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
3608:. Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge
1433:"The TWeed project: Evolution's Missing Chapter"
3860:Jenny Clack on the Cambridge University website
3777:University of Cambridge - Department of Zoology
2669:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
539:Beznosov, Clack, Lukševičs, Ruta & Ahlberg
409:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3630:. National Academy of Sciences. Archived from
2113:Ahlberg, Per Erik; Clack, Jennifer A. (2006).
1358:"Professor Jennifer Clack (Doctor of Science)"
1243:. No. 6396. 23 September 2015. p. 12
3901:
3721:"Featured Scientists | Your Inner Fish | PBS"
1117:. No. 5831. 13 December 2000. p. 27
8:
2983:Ahlberg, Per E.; Clack, Jennifer A. (2020).
1217:. No. 5718. 5 November 1997. p. 24
1145:. Oxford University Press. 1 December 2020.
481:Taxa named by Jennifer Clack and colleagues
208:. She specialised in the early evolution of
3745:Koppes, Steve; Allen, Susie (15 May 2013).
271:. She received a B.Sc. in Zoology from the
3908:
3894:
3886:
444:was not an ancestral trait for tetrapods.
42:
20:
3670:
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2763:
2706:
2688:
2460:
2379:
2130:
1639:
1621:
1533:
1408:
1305:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1292:. No. 6036. 17 May 2006. p. 17.
1186:
567:Clack, Challands, Smithon & Smithson
337:. On 1 October 2006, Clack was awarded a
3821:"Six new members elected to the Academy"
3653:Ahlberg, P. E.; Smithson, T. R. (2021).
1062:. Oxford University Press. November 2014
978:, the first woman to achieve the honor.
479:
325:; since 1 October 2015, she has been an
288:. On 9 December 2000, she was awarded a
3801:. University of Leicester. 10 July 2014
3602:"Professor Jenny Clack, FRS, 1947-2020"
1364:. University of Leicester. 17 July 2014
1038:
3496:
3486:
1883:"An early tetrapod from 'Romer's Gap'"
992:On 15 June 2013, Clack was awarded an
153:Cambridge University Museum of Zoology
4310:21st-century British women scientists
4275:Alumni of the University of Leicester
3365:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3353:
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3291:
3289:
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3184:
3182:
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1876:
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1822:
1820:
987:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
7:
4290:Fellows of Darwin College, Cambridge
1164:
1162:
1160:
1151:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U249891
4295:Female fellows of the Royal Society
3054:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
2364:"The origin of terrestrial hearing"
349:), Clack defined what is known as "
333:in Vertebrate Palaeontology at the
231:of Vertebrate Palaeontology at the
3865:Home page - Jennifer "Jenny" Clack
3516:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2946:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1317:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb01163.x
1237:"College Notices – Darwin College"
850:Clack, Ahlberg, Blöm & Finney
14:
1016:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
273:University of Newcastle upon Tyne
216:. She is best known for her book
4305:People educated at Bolton School
3600:Aucott, Rachel (26 March 2020).
3446:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01117.x
2115:"A firm step from water to land"
1410:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01117.x
3462:Special Papers in Palaeontology
2814:Evolution of the Vertebrate Ear
1025:'s most prestigious award, the
970:In 2008, Clack was awarded the
834:Smithson, Richards & Clack
820:Smithson, Richards & Clack
806:Smithson, Richards & Clack
792:Smithson, Richards & Clack
778:Smithson, Richards & Clack
764:Smithson, Richards & Clack
747:Smithson, Richards & Clack
730:Smithson, Richards & Clack
255:, England. She was educated at
4270:Alumni of Newcastle University
3306:Nature Ecology & Evolution
2792:Dr. Friedrich Pfeil Publishing
1467:Nature Ecology & Evolution
1:
4285:British women paleontologists
3066:10.1080/14772019.2019.1572234
2962:10.1080/02724634.2020.1813150
1290:Cambridge University Reporter
1241:Cambridge University Reporter
1215:Cambridge University Reporter
1115:Cambridge University Reporter
1084:Clack, Rob (6 October 2009).
1056:"CLACK, Prof. Jennifer Alice"
1005:Geological Society of Glasgow
981:In 2009, Clack was elected a
329:. From 2000 to 2005, she was
4325:Fellows of the Royal Society
3628:"Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal"
1023:Palaeontological Association
976:National Academy of Sciences
306:University Museum of Zoology
3753:. The University of Chicago
2362:Clack, Jennifer A. (2015).
983:Fellow of the Royal Society
4341:
4300:Scientists from Manchester
2989:Royal Society Open Science
2948:. e1813150 (3): e1813150.
2923:"Beautiful Minds: YouTube"
972:Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal
386:Borders Region of Scotland
304:In 1981, Clack joined the
3571:10.1017/s0263593300006179
3207:10.1017/s1755691018000166
3157:10.1017/S1755691018000075
2822:10.1007/978-3-319-46661-3
2516:10.1038/s41586-019-1636-y
1575:10.1017/s1755691018000075
1437:National Museums Scotland
1269:. University of Cambridge
1267:Darwin College, Cambridge
1188:10.1017/S1755691019000057
1086:"Jenny Clack – Biography"
463:), and Matthew Friedman (
457:University College London
323:Darwin College, Cambridge
223:Clack was curator at the
171:
163:Darwin College, Cambridge
120:
41:
4280:English palaeontologists
4239:William, Prince of Wales
3875:Interview on PBS website
247:Early life and education
3318:10.1038/s41559-016-0002
3242:Papers in Palaeontology
3098:Papers in Palaeontology
2690:10.1073/pnas.1117332109
2626:10.1126/science.1167542
2567:10.1126/science.1096415
1479:10.1038/s41559-016-0002
1012:University of Leicester
941:Silvanerpeton miripedes
925:Eucritta melanolimnetes
773:Xylognathus macrustenus
335:University of Cambridge
310:University of Cambridge
294:University of Cambridge
286:University of Cambridge
278:University of Leicester
233:University of Cambridge
158:University of Cambridge
103:University of Cambridge
99:University of Leicester
3870:Profile on PBS website
3672:10.1098/rsbm.2021.0008
2748:10.1098/rspb.2013.2689
1263:"Master & fellows"
465:University of Michigan
440:). This suggests that
392:stage of the earliest
206:evolutionary biologist
1881:Clack, J. A. (2002).
1021:In 2018, she won the
1001:University of Chicago
713:Clack & Smithson
697:Clack & Smithson
680:Clack & Smithson
663:Clack & Smithson
646:Clack & Smithson
593:Whitropus longicalcus
584:Smithson & Clack
347:University of Chicago
259:(Girls' Division), a
999:(DSc) degree by the
882:Clack & Ahlberg
860:Kirktonecta milnerae
801:Ballagadus caustrimi
707:Aytonerpeton microps
548:Limanichthys fraseri
523:Ahlberg & Clack
477:published in 2019.
388:which date from the
292:(ScD) degree by the
178:Jennifer Alice Clack
140:Evolutionary biology
94:Newcastle University
55:Jennifer Alice Agnew
4121:Henning Sirringhaus
3701:. The Royal Society
3634:on 29 December 2010
3528:2003CaJES..40..483C
3437:2012Palgy..55...73C
3388:2016Palgy..59...29S
3009:10.1098/rsos.192117
3001:2020RSOS....792117A
2954:2020JVPal..40E3150J
2867:1990Natur.347...66C
2681:2012PNAS..109.4532S
2618:2009Sci...324..364C
2508:2019Natur.574..527B
2445:10.1038/nature19354
2437:2016Natur.537..408S
2325:10.1038/nature11825
2317:2013Natur.494..226P
2259:10.1038/nature11124
2251:2012Natur.486..523P
2196:10.1038/nature06991
2188:2008Natur.453.1199A
2182:(7199): 1199–1204.
2076:10.1038/nature03893
2068:2005Natur.437..137A
1966:10.1038/nature01904
1958:2003Natur.425...65C
1907:10.1038/nature00824
1899:2002Natur.418...72C
1841:1998Natur.394...66C
1787:1996Natur.381...61A
1736:1991Natur.352..234C
1677:1989Natur.342..425C
1401:2012Palgy..55...73C
501:Rossichthys clackae
482:
461:Flinders University
4223:Steven D. Tanksley
4099:Richard Passingham
4082:Arthur B. McDonald
4035:Christopher Hunter
3823:. 3 February 2014.
3397:10.1111/pala.12203
2742:(1781): 20132689.
1623:10.7717/peerj.5972
1535:10.1111/pala.12395
960:endometrial cancer
876:Occidens portlocki
844:Ymeria denticulata
815:Coccovedus celatus
562:Celsiodon ahlbergi
533:Parmastega aelidae
480:
455:), Paul Upchurch (
453:Uppsala University
359:Devonian tetrapods
214:lobe-finned fishes
4247:
4246:
4203:Roger D. Kornberg
4193:H. Robert Horvitz
4150:Jonathan Tennyson
4059:Dimitris Kioussis
3699:Fellows Directory
3606:www.zoo.cam.ac.uk
3255:10.1002/spp2.1086
3110:10.1002/spp2.1242
3060:(21): 1825–1846.
2831:978-3-319-46659-0
2788:"Basal Tetrapoda"
2675:(12): 4532–4537.
2612:(5925): 364–367.
2502:(7779): 527–531.
2431:(7620): 408–411.
2374:(7542): 168–169.
2311:(7436): 226–229.
2245:(7404): 523–526.
2125:(7085): 748–749.
2062:(7055): 137–140.
2011:(6973): 412–413.
1730:(6332): 234–236.
1671:(6248): 425–427.
997:Doctor of Science
951:
950:
944:gen. et sp. nov.
928:gen. et sp. nov.
912:gen. et sp. nov.
909:Pederpes finneyae
896:gen. et sp. nov.
879:gen. et sp. nov.
863:gen. et sp. nov.
847:gen. et sp. nov.
817:gen. et sp. nov.
789:gen. et sp. nov.
775:gen. et sp. nov.
710:gen. et sp. nov.
694:gen. et sp. nov.
677:gen. et sp. nov.
660:gen. et sp. nov.
643:gen. et sp. nov.
607:Deltodus tubineus
595:gen. et sp. nov.
581:gen. et sp. nov.
564:gen. et sp. nov.
553:Challands et al.
550:gen. et sp. nov.
536:gen. et sp. nov.
520:gen. et sp. nov.
290:Doctor of Science
225:Museum of Zoology
175:
174:
122:Scientific career
4332:
4144:Jesper Svejstrup
4127:Maurice Skolnick
4053:Jonathan Keating
4041:Graham Hutchings
4014:Nicholas Harberd
3944:Ross J. Anderson
3939:Robert Ainsworth
3910:
3903:
3896:
3887:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3742:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3695:"Jennifer Clack"
3691:
3685:
3684:
3674:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3565:(3–4): 369–376.
3554:
3548:
3547:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3484:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3399:
3367:
3346:
3345:
3303:
3293:
3278:
3277:
3267:
3257:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3186:
3177:
3176:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3028:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2875:10.1038/347066a0
2850:
2844:
2843:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2767:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2710:
2692:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2493:
2484:
2475:
2474:
2464:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2383:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2302:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2134:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1878:
1869:
1868:
1824:
1815:
1814:
1795:10.1038/381061a0
1770:
1764:
1763:
1744:10.1038/352234a0
1719:
1713:
1712:
1685:10.1038/342425a0
1660:
1654:
1653:
1643:
1625:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1537:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1464:
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1429:
1423:
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1412:
1380:
1374:
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1371:
1369:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1211:"Darwin College"
1207:
1201:
1200:
1190:
1166:
1155:
1154:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1081:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1052:
787:Ballagadus rossi
629:Smithson et al.
612:Richards et al.
598:Richards et al.
506:Johanson et al.
503:gen. et sp. nov
483:
459:), Michael Lee (
428:had seven while
192:
187:
76:
64:
62:
46:
36:
21:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4227:
4213:Joseph Stiglitz
4176:
4138:Malcolm Stevens
4111:Wolfram Schultz
3994:James Gimzewski
3969:Michel Chrétien
3949:Michael Ashfold
3927:
3914:
3856:
3851:
3850:
3840:
3838:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3804:
3802:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3744:
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3739:
3729:
3727:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3704:
3702:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3652:
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3647:
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3626:
3625:
3621:
3611:
3609:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3536:10.1139/e02-065
3513:
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3495:
3485:
3478:
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3473:
3459:
3458:
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3418:
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3138:
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2981:
2977:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2861:(6288): 66–69.
2852:
2851:
2847:
2832:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2729:
2728:
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2662:
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2657:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2561:(5667): 57–58.
2552:
2551:
2547:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2381:10.1038/519168a
2361:
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2356:
2300:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2132:10.1038/440747a
2112:
2111:
2107:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2017:10.1038/427412a
2002:
2001:
1997:
1952:(6953): 65–69.
1943:
1942:
1938:
1893:(6893): 72–76.
1880:
1879:
1872:
1835:(6688): 66–69.
1826:
1825:
1818:
1781:(6577): 61–64.
1772:
1771:
1767:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1556:
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1510:
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1287:
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1270:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1220:
1218:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1168:
1167:
1158:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1040:
1035:
968:
956:
829:Occludus romeri
470:Beautiful Minds
327:Emeritus Fellow
302:
300:Academic career
249:
202:palaeontologist
185:
181:
167:
138:
134:
101:
97:
90:Alma mater
74:
65:3 November 1947
60:
58:
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37:
28:
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17:
12:
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4229:
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4225:
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4218:Rashid Sunyaev
4215:
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4205:
4200:
4198:Thomas Kailath
4195:
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4169:
4162:
4157:
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4135:
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4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4105:Guy Richardson
4101:
4096:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4066:Stephen Larter
4062:
4055:
4050:
4047:Peter Isaacson
4043:
4038:
4031:
4029:Christine Holt
4026:
4024:Brian Hemmings
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
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3883:
3882:on Vimeo, 2012
3877:
3872:
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3862:
3855:
3854:External links
3852:
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3751:U Chicago News
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3522:(4): 483–498.
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3279:
3248:(4): 547–557.
3228:
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3104:(2): 261–279.
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1528:(2): 225–253.
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1311:(2): 121–148.
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1156:
1128:
1102:
1073:
1060:Who's Who 2015
1037:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1027:Lapworth Medal
974:from the U.S.
967:
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413:Gaining Ground
355:East Greenland
339:personal chair
314:personal chair
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4087:Angela McLean
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3964:Peter Buneman
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3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3836:
3830:
3827:
3822:
3816:
3813:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3779:. 4 July 2013
3778:
3774:
3768:
3765:
3752:
3748:
3741:
3738:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3649:
3646:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3620:
3607:
3603:
3596:
3593:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3510:
3507:
3502:
3490:
3482:
3475:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3456:
3453:
3447:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3425:Palaeontology
3422:
3415:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3376:Palaeontology
3373:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3300:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3232:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3135:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3091:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3044:
3041:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2995:(4): 192117.
2994:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2936:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2849:
2846:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2805:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2600:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1849:10.1038/27895
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1522:Palaeontology
1519:
1512:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1453:
1450:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1389:Palaeontology
1386:
1379:
1376:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1334:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1296:
1291:
1284:
1281:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1181:(1–2): 1–14.
1180:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
995:
990:
988:
984:
979:
977:
973:
965:
963:
961:
953:
946:
943:
942:
938:
935:
934:
930:
927:
926:
922:
919:
918:
914:
911:
910:
906:
903:
902:
898:
895:
893:
889:
886:
885:
881:
878:
877:
873:
870:
869:
865:
862:
861:
857:
854:
853:
849:
846:
845:
841:
838:
837:
833:
830:
827:
824:
823:
819:
816:
813:
810:
809:
805:
802:
799:
796:
795:
791:
788:
785:
782:
781:
777:
774:
771:
768:
767:
763:
760:
758:
754:
751:
750:
746:
743:
741:
737:
734:
733:
729:
726:
724:
720:
717:
716:
712:
709:
708:
704:
701:
700:
696:
693:
691:
687:
684:
683:
679:
676:
674:
670:
667:
666:
662:
659:
657:
653:
650:
649:
645:
642:
640:
636:
633:
632:
628:
625:
623:
619:
616:
615:
611:
608:
605:
602:
601:
597:
594:
591:
588:
587:
583:
580:
578:
574:
571:
570:
566:
563:
560:
557:
556:
552:
549:
546:
543:
542:
538:
535:
534:
530:
527:
526:
522:
519:
517:
516:Brittagnathus
513:
510:
509:
505:
502:
499:
496:
495:
491:
488:
485:
484:
478:
476:
472:
471:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
438:
433:
432:
427:
426:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
394:Carboniferous
391:
387:
383:
381:
376:
372:
370:
365:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
311:
307:
299:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:Bolton School
254:
246:
244:
242:
241:Carboniferous
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
196:
191:
184:
179:
170:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
148:
144:
141:
137:
136:Palaeontology
133:
130:
126:
123:
119:
115:
112:
108:
104:
100:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
73:26 March 2020
72:
68:
53:
49:
45:
40:
35:
31:
22:
19:
4188:John Holdren
4166:John Vederas
4164:
4142:
4125:
4103:
4091:
4077:David MacKay
4064:
4057:
4045:
4033:
3999:David Glover
3979:Michael Duff
3973:
3839:. Retrieved
3829:
3815:
3803:. Retrieved
3793:
3781:. Retrieved
3776:
3773:"Two awards"
3767:
3755:. Retrieved
3750:
3740:
3728:. Retrieved
3724:
3715:
3703:. Retrieved
3698:
3689:
3662:
3658:
3648:
3636:. Retrieved
3632:the original
3622:
3610:. Retrieved
3605:
3595:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3480:
3474:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3431:(1): 73–86.
3428:
3424:
3414:
3382:(1): 29–44.
3379:
3375:
3309:
3305:
3245:
3241:
3231:
3201:(1): 67–87.
3198:
3194:
3151:(1): 89–97.
3148:
3144:
3134:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3057:
3053:
3043:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2945:
2935:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2899:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2813:
2807:
2795:. Retrieved
2791:
2782:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2499:
2495:
2428:
2424:
2414:
2371:
2367:
2357:
2308:
2304:
2291:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1890:
1886:
1832:
1828:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1613:
1609:
1599:
1569:(1): 89–97.
1566:
1562:
1552:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1470:
1466:
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1436:
1427:
1395:(1): 73–86.
1392:
1388:
1378:
1366:. Retrieved
1362:Press Office
1361:
1352:
1343:
1342:. 4e série.
1339:
1333:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1289:
1283:
1271:. Retrieved
1266:
1257:
1245:. Retrieved
1240:
1231:
1219:. Retrieved
1214:
1205:
1178:
1174:
1140:
1131:
1119:. Retrieved
1114:
1105:
1093:. Retrieved
1089:
1064:. Retrieved
1059:
1020:
1009:
991:
980:
969:
957:
939:
923:
907:
890:
874:
858:
842:
828:
814:
800:
786:
772:
755:
738:
721:
705:
692:austiumensis
688:
671:
654:
637:
620:
606:
592:
577:Mesanerpeton
575:
561:
547:
531:
514:
500:
468:
446:
442:pentadactyly
435:
431:Acanthostega
429:
425:Ichthyostega
423:
417:
412:
398:
378:
375:Acanthostega
374:
369:Ichthyostega
367:
363:Acanthostega
361:
343:
303:
250:
222:
217:
197:
194:
177:
176:
146:Institutions
121:
113:
75:(2020-03-26)
18:
4265:2020 deaths
4260:1947 births
4208:Yakov Sinai
4160:Burt Totaro
4133:Karen Steel
4116:Keith Shine
4072:David Leigh
3974:Jenny Clack
3959:Martin Buck
3725:www.pbs.org
3638:15 February
3497:|work=
1142:Who Was Who
641:apsconditus
475:festschrift
449:Per Ahlberg
390:Tournaisian
351:Romer's Gap
82:Nationality
25:Jenny Clack
4254:Categories
4093:David Owen
4019:John Hardy
4009:Wendy Hall
3989:Jeff Ellis
3805:3 November
3757:3 November
3705:3 November
3665:: 79–101.
3265:2381/40472
1368:3 November
1346:: 373–388.
1273:3 November
1247:3 November
1221:3 November
1121:3 November
1095:3 November
1090:The Clacks
1066:3 November
1033:References
831:gen. nov.
690:Diploradus
639:Perittodus
437:Tulerpeton
269:Lancashire
253:Manchester
96:(BSc, PhD)
61:1947-11-03
4172:John Wood
4155:John Todd
3681:234771873
3587:130790735
3579:1755-6910
3544:0008-4077
3499:ignored (
3489:cite book
3406:1475-4983
3326:2397-334X
3274:2056-2802
3223:133929085
3215:1755-6910
3173:232149117
3165:1755-6910
3126:134074159
3118:2056-2802
3074:1477-2019
3017:2054-5703
2970:227241079
2883:0028-0836
2756:0962-8452
2699:0027-8424
2634:0036-8075
2575:0036-8075
2540:204848799
2524:0028-0836
2453:0028-0836
2390:0028-0836
2333:0028-0836
2267:0028-0836
2204:0028-0836
2141:0028-0836
2084:0028-0836
2025:0028-0836
1974:0028-0836
1915:0028-0836
1865:204998306
1857:0028-0836
1803:0028-0836
1752:0028-0836
1693:0028-0836
1632:2167-8359
1616:: e5972.
1591:232149117
1583:1755-6910
1544:0031-0239
1487:2397-334X
1419:0031-0239
1325:0024-4082
1197:1755-6910
803:sp. nov.
761:sp. nov.
744:sp. nov.
742:whitropei
727:sp. nov.
673:Ossirarus
626:sp. nov.
609:sp. nov.
420:tetrapods
284:from the
229:Professor
210:tetrapods
3923:elected
3841:28 March
3783:30 March
3730:30 March
3612:27 March
3468:: 45–55.
3342:22421017
3334:28812555
3312:(1): 2.
3082:91623116
3035:32431888
2840:36018536
2774:24573844
2717:22393016
2650:28461841
2642:19372425
2591:82119710
2583:15060312
2532:31645719
2471:27602519
2398:25762279
2341:23334417
2275:22722854
2212:18580942
2149:16598240
2092:16136143
2033:14749820
1982:12955140
1923:12097908
1650:30627480
1503:22421017
1495:28812555
1473:(1): 2.
994:honorary
894:martilli
892:Kyrinion
757:Ctenodus
740:Ctenodus
723:Ctenodus
624:marsdeni
492:Authors
243:period.
237:Devonian
4181:Foreign
3932:Fellows
3925:in 2009
3919:of the
3917:Fellows
3524:Bibcode
3433:Bibcode
3384:Bibcode
3026:7211834
2997:Bibcode
2950:Bibcode
2927:YouTube
2891:4319165
2863:Bibcode
2797:12 July
2765:3953833
2708:3311392
2677:Bibcode
2614:Bibcode
2606:Science
2555:Science
2504:Bibcode
2462:6485594
2433:Bibcode
2406:4392314
2349:4329395
2313:Bibcode
2283:3127857
2247:Bibcode
2220:4344417
2184:Bibcode
2157:4392361
2100:4370488
2064:Bibcode
2041:4414996
1990:4411060
1954:Bibcode
1895:Bibcode
1837:Bibcode
1811:4338219
1783:Bibcode
1760:4340202
1732:Bibcode
1709:4348808
1701:2586610
1673:Bibcode
1641:6321757
1442:12 July
1397:Bibcode
966:Honours
759:roberti
725:williei
675:kierani
656:Koilops
518:minutus
405:Science
280:and an
132:Zoology
85:English
3679:
3585:
3577:
3542:
3404:
3340:
3332:
3324:
3272:
3221:
3213:
3171:
3163:
3124:
3116:
3080:
3072:
3033:
3023:
3015:
2968:
2889:
2881:
2855:Nature
2838:
2828:
2772:
2762:
2754:
2715:
2705:
2697:
2648:
2640:
2632:
2589:
2581:
2573:
2538:
2530:
2522:
2496:Nature
2469:
2459:
2451:
2425:Nature
2404:
2396:
2388:
2368:Nature
2347:
2339:
2331:
2305:Nature
2281:
2273:
2265:
2239:Nature
2218:
2210:
2202:
2176:Nature
2155:
2147:
2139:
2119:Nature
2098:
2090:
2082:
2056:Nature
2039:
2031:
2023:
2005:Nature
1988:
1980:
1972:
1946:Nature
1931:741732
1929:
1921:
1913:
1887:Nature
1863:
1855:
1829:Nature
1809:
1801:
1775:Nature
1758:
1750:
1724:Nature
1707:
1699:
1691:
1665:Nature
1648:
1638:
1630:
1589:
1581:
1542:
1501:
1493:
1485:
1417:
1323:
1195:
947:Clack
931:Clack
915:Clack
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