312:(NAACP) as mandating public schools for African-American children. Thus, in 1938, the Manassas Industrial School formally became the only school for higher education of African-American students in five northern Virginia counties (Prince William, Fairfax, Arlington, Loudoun and Fauquier). After World War II, northern Virginia's population increased and localities built new schools for African-American students. Furthermore, the NAACP vehemently disagreed with requiring segregated schools, and began litigating against segregated schools, resulting in multiple decisions against such in the 1950s, including
197:, Catharpin Chapel also near her home, and finally Dean-Divers Chapel (also in Prince William County, named for the Divers family of New Jersey contributors and Dean) in 1909. Meanwhile, Dean traveled around northern Virginia on weekends in a horse-drawn surrey and offered African-American youth instruction in what later would be called Victorian values, as well as in skilled trades. In 1878, Dean founded what would be the first of more than a dozen
47:
221:, who published a favorable biography of Dean, made many donations to programs she advocated, and in 1905 became chairman of the board of Manassas Industrial School for Colored Youth (although he criticized her management and ousted her as leader three years later). In Boston, Dean made the acquaintance of
260:
was among the speakers at the dedication ceremony that
September. Dean took the title of financial agent, and also served on the board of directors and executive committee. Students could study liberal arts, as well as receive instruction in dressmaking, child care, blacksmithing, cooking, carpentry,
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In 1890, Dean, her sister Ella and Jennie E. Thompson (a white woman who supported educating
African Americans) decided to establish an industrial school in Manassas to serve African Americans in the five surrounding counties, and secured an option on a farm near the railroad station. They planned to
184:
and become a teacher. Dean could see many young
African Americans leave farming (and the hopelessness of sharecropping for those unable to afford a down payment for land) and move to the nearby city. She was concerned that they would become stuck in low-wage jobs, as well as succumb to alcoholism and
136:
Jennie Dean was born to
Charles Dean (a domestic servant) and his wife Annie, both of them African Americans born enslaved and owned by the Newman family, and later by the Cushing family. Her grandmother Mildred may have been of Native American ancestry. She had two sisters (Ella Dean and Mary Dean),
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In 1908, however, Dean found herself pushed out of the school's management, after a critical report by accountants whom
Villard had hired. Thompson and Dean had complained about the Villard faction's sexism, neglect of local donors and interests (white and black), and grandiose plans to revamp the
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In 1994, the
Manassas Industrial School site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places, although the buildings had long since been torn down. It is now a 70-acre city park, with a memorial to Dean as founder, as well as (since 1995) outlines of the historic buildings and appropriate
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The
Manassas Industrial School for Colored Youth continued for decades, and produced many teachers and other leaders of the African-American community. It was one of only two secondary schools for African Americans in Virginia unaffiliated with a religious denomination. The state Supreme Court
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was fought near their home, and the Dean family stayed in their cabin and hoped to avoid the artillery shelling and crossfire. Afterward, on the master's instructions, her father and other enslaved men rescued wounded
Confederate soldiers, and later buried many dead. The following year, the
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While
Villard resigned as chairman of the board in March, 1913 (to be replaced by the institution's first black board chairman), he remained on the board. Meanwhile, Dean's health had deteriorated after a stroke, and she became nearly confined to her home.
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both of whom married after the
American Civil War, although Jennie Dean herself never married. Her sister Ella's death certificate lists Jennie's birth date as April 15, 1848, but another death certificate indicates Jennie Dean as born in 1853.
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Dean tried to address this problem in part through her faith, and by helping to organize congregations. After securing land to construct Mt. Calvary Church (and establishing it), she also helped found Prosperity Chapel in
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She continued fundraising for Sunday Schools and other improvement activities, especially during winters. She first sought employment and fundraising opportunities in Washington, D.C., and later with extended trips to
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It took almost three years to raise funds for the land down payment. In January 1893, Dean was invited to speak to a Women's Suffrage convention in Washington (after lobbying by her friend Orra Gray Langhorne of
128:, which for more than four decades was the only institution of secondary education available to African-American youth in Northern Virginia, and one of only two in the state without overt religious affiliation.
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shoemaking, and farming. However, after about a year in 1895, Howland Hall caught fire and burned down, so had to be rebuilt. Several years later, in 1900, the boys' dormitory also burned down.
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Dean sent most of her wages home, which not only helped her family buy the farm they wanted and cope with her father's death, but also allowed her sister Ella to attend the
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signage, a playground, ball fields, skate park, walking trails, and picnic and restroom facilities. Miss Dean's name now graces an elementary school next to the park.
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After the war ended, Dean received rudimentary schooling at a Manly School. Although still a teenager in 1866, she sought domestic service work in
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120:(April 15, 1848 – May 3, 1913) (nicknamed "Jennie" or "Miss Jennie") was born into slavery in northern Virginia, freed as a result of the
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honored Dean in 2000 as one of its inaugural class of Virginia Women in History, and in 2013 as part of its Strong Men and Women series.
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Jennie Dean died after suffering another stroke on May 3, 1913. She was buried beside Mt. Calvary Chapel that she had helped found. The
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began, Col. Cushing's sons joined the Confederate Army. The elder Cushing died shortly after learning one son had died in a battle near
268:, among others. On February 14, 1906, Jennie Dean (and several students and faculty members) visited the White House to meet President
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was fought on much of the same ground, since Manassas Junction was a railroad hub and Manassas Gap a key pass between coastal and the
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acceded to decisions of the Virginia Supreme Court and a three-judge federal panel accepting the U.S. Supreme Court's decisions in
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eventually interpreted the 1902 state constitution's free public education requirement (through litigation sponsored by the
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Stephen Johnson Lewis, Undaunted Faith: The Story of Jennie Dean (memorial edition, reprinted by The Manassas Museum, 1994)
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and a companion case from Virginia. The Manassas Industrial School closed in 1959, after Virginia governor
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teach the students useful skilled trades, as well as inculcate values of hard work and thrift.
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553:"Manassas Industrial School & Jennie Dean Memorial - Manassas, VA - Official Site"
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225:, who not only donated money, but also opened social doors to Dean, including to Rev.
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449:"Dean Divers Church - Virginia Historical Markers on Waymarking.com"
531:"Strong Men & Women in Virginia History - Jennie Serepta Dean"
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received its charter. It accepted students the following fall.
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Nonetheless, the school prospered, and received grants from
310:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
595:"Dean Park Master Plan - Manassas, VA - Official Site"
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ended, the segregated facility was no longer needed.
509:"Virginia Women in History 2000 Jennie Serepta Dean"
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276:, to whom the President favorably compared Dean.
140:After Virginia seceded from the Union and the
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8:
1928:People of Virginia in the American Civil War
254:Manassas Industrial School for Colored Youth
126:Manassas Industrial School for Colored Youth
1918:People from Prince William County, Virginia
640:"Jennie Dean Park - Parks & Recreation"
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369:. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities
1963:19th-century African-American educators
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344:neighborhood named after Jennie Dean.
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1948:20th-century African-American people
915:Annabelle Ravenscroft Gibson Jenkins
1958:19th-century African-American women
1953:20th-century African-American women
1109:Mary Alice Franklin Hatwood Futrell
1068:Mary Tyler Freeman Cheek McClenahan
574:"Jennie Dean Park in Manassas, VA!"
229:and his Episcopalian congregation.
488:"Dean, Jennie Serepta (1848–1913)"
363:"Dean, Jennie Serepta (1848–1913)"
25:
1433:Elizabeth Ambler Brent Carrington
340:in its formerly African-American
1813:Elizabeth Dabney Langhorne Lewis
1555:Elizabeth Bray Allen Smith Stith
1356:Elizabeth Henry Campbell Russell
336:, also has a 22-acre park along
175:Nineteenth Street Baptist Church
1968:19th-century American educators
1933:Women in the American Civil War
619:"Jennie Dean Elementary School"
213:. She made the acquaintance of
102:Prince William County, Virginia
1155:Providencia Velazquez Gonzalez
1:
1713:Temperance Flowerdew Yeardley
1581:Mary Elizabeth Nottingham Day
1474:Mary Berkeley Minor Blackford
407:"Manly, Ralza M. (1822–1897)"
177:, as well as lived frugally.
1943:African-American suffragists
1938:19th-century American slaves
1923:People from Washington, D.C.
1708:Mary Aydelotte Rice Marshall
1053:John-Geline MacDonald Bowman
367:www.encyclopediavirginia.org
1843:Maggie Lena Mitchell Walker
1591:Edwilda Gustava Allen Isaac
1540:Dorothy Shoemaker McDiarmid
1382:Christiana Burdett Campbell
1104:Laura Lu Scherer Copenhaver
322:Brown v. Board of Education
314:Brown v. Board of Education
159:Piedmont region of Virginia
1984:
26:
1913:Suffragists from Virginia
1869:Lillie Louise Boone Lucas
1791:
1780:
1258:
1247:
1145:Frances Culpeper Berkeley
920:Frances Benjamin Johnston
874:Mary-Cooke Branch Munford
710:
699:
693:Virginia Women in History
280:institution into another
241:). There she met heiress
155:Second Battle of Manassas
44:
1545:Rebekah Dulaney Peterkin
1494:Christine Herter Kendall
1346:Bessie Niemeyer Marshall
971:Sarah Garland Boyd Jones
361:van Zelm, Antoinette G.
150:First Battle of Manassas
27:Not to be confused with
1823:Josephine Mathes Norcom
1749:Georgeanna Seegar Jones
1392:Elizabeth Peet McIntosh
1058:Benita Fitzgerald-Brown
997:Clara Leach Adams-Ender
930:Annie Bannister Spencer
272:, at the invitation of
215:Oswald Garrison Villard
1828:Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon
1693:Marii Kyogoku Hasegawa
1652:Louise Harrison McCraw
1632:Corazon Sandoval Foley
1601:Ana Ines Barragan King
1525:Nancy Melvina Caldwell
1484:Elizabeth Ashburn Duke
905:Anna Whitehead Bodeker
1458:Eva Mae Fleming Scott
1397:Orelena Hawks Puckett
1351:Felicia Warburg Rogan
1305:Marian Van Landingham
1078:Mary Virginia Terhune
1007:Bessie Blount Griffin
869:Lillian Ward McDaniel
818:Sally Louisa Tompkins
219:New York Evening Post
211:Boston, Massachusetts
132:Early and family life
77:Prince William County
1838:Lila Meade Valentine
1764:Kate Peters Sturgill
1678:Gaye Todd Adegbalola
1642:Cynthia Eppes Hudson
1479:Naomi Silverman Cohn
1407:Alice Jackson Stuart
1387:Betty Sams Christian
1295:Jean Miller Skipwith
1201:Caroline Bradby Cook
1119:Sheila Crump Johnson
1017:Barbara Johns Powell
849:Janie Porter Barrett
772:Lila Meade Valentine
274:Booker T. Washington
252:On October 7, 1893,
111:Missionary, educator
1759:Lucy Randolph Mason
1739:Claudia Lane Dodson
1647:Mary Virginia Jones
1576:Flora D. Crittenden
1331:Emily White Fleming
1270:Mollie Holmes Adams
1043:Kate Waller Barrett
961:Anne Makemie Holden
334:Arlington, Virginia
302:Library of Virginia
239:Lynchburg, Virginia
223:Edward Everett Hale
217:, publisher of the
185:other social ills.
146:Warrenton, Virginia
18:Jennie Serepta Dean
1874:Evelyn Reid Syphax
1818:Sophie G. Meredith
1703:Barbara Kingsolver
1657:Undine Smith Moore
1290:Kate Mason Rowland
1280:Edythe C. Harrison
1216:Joann Hess Grayson
1175:Isabel Wood Rogers
1073:G. Anne Richardson
1048:Marie Majella Berg
966:Mary Draper Ingles
925:Anne Dobie Peebles
798:Elizabeth Campbell
727:Mary Julia Baldwin
453:www.waymarking.com
326:Massive Resistance
282:Tuskegee Institute
270:Theodore Roosevelt
258:Frederick Douglass
247:Sherwood, New York
142:American Civil War
122:American Civil War
1890:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1882:
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1808:Fannie Bayly King
1776:
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1729:Sharifa Alkhateeb
1627:Doris Crouse-Mays
1596:Katherine Johnson
1535:Ruth Coles Harris
1423:Mary C. Alexander
1243:
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1239:
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1226:Virginia Randolph
1211:Drew Gilpin Faust
1160:Elizabeth B. Lacy
1150:Lucy Goode Brooks
1114:Mary Jeffery Galt
1094:Mary Willing Byrd
981:Martha Washington
879:Jessie M. Rattley
859:Hannah Lee Corbin
823:Elizabeth Van Lew
808:Elizabeth Keckley
793:Rosa Dixon Bowser
722:Ella Graham Agnew
318:J. Lindsay Almond
286:Hampton Institute
118:Jane Serepta Dean
115:
114:
16:(Redirected from
1975:
1833:Ora Brown Stokes
1793:
1782:
1688:Isabella Gibbons
1611:Meyera Oberndorf
1326:Eleanor Bontecou
1260:
1249:
1129:Camilla Williams
1124:Opossunoquonuske
1027:Mary Belvin Wade
910:Mary Ann Elliott
864:Christine Darden
803:Thomasina Jordan
777:Maggie L. Walker
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642:. Archived from
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533:. 8 January 2016
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296:Death and legacy
182:Wayland Seminary
171:Washington, D.C.
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54:Personal details
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1864:Lerla G. Joseph
1859:Krista N. Jones
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1754:Ona Maria Judge
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1698:Kay Coles James
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1509:Stoner Winslett
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1341:Lillian Lincoln
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1206:Claudia Emerson
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844:Rebecca Adamson
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646:on 9 April 2019
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148:. Earlier, the
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29:Nancy Jane Dean
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1300:Queena Stovall
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199:Sunday schools
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428:"Jennie Dean"
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1637:Nora Houston
1560:Karenne Wood
1321:Lucy Addison
1285:Janis Martin
1275:Ethel Furman
1180:Edith Turner
1063:Grace Hopper
976:Annie Snyder
956:Katie Couric
946:Grace Arents
900:Pearl Bailey
828:Edith Wilson
741:
737:Willa Cather
648:. Retrieved
644:the original
634:
622:. Retrieved
613:
601:. Retrieved
589:
577:. Retrieved
568:
556:. Retrieved
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535:. Retrieved
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513:. Retrieved
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491:. Retrieved
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470:. Retrieved
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431:. Retrieved
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410:. Retrieved
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373:24 September
371:. Retrieved
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93:(1913-05-03)
1908:1913 deaths
1903:1848 births
1550:Vivian Pinn
1504:Debbie Ryan
1453:Inez Pruitt
1448:Cleo Powell
1438:Ann Compton
1002:Caitlyn Day
951:Cockacoeske
895:Nancy Astor
854:Patsy Cline
742:Jennie Dean
650:13 December
624:13 December
603:26 February
579:26 February
558:26 February
537:13 December
515:13 December
493:13 December
472:13 December
433:13 December
412:13 December
39:Jennie Dean
1897:Categories
762:Pocahontas
467:"Conflict"
396:Lewis p. 5
348:References
108:Occupation
91:3 May 1913
65:1848-04-15
1786:2020–2029
1734:Queen Ann
1683:Rita Dove
1253:2010–2019
1022:Lee Smith
705:2000–2009
98:Catharpin
1336:Pearl Fu
81:Virginia
191:Conklin
165:Career
598:(PDF)
342:Nauck
324:. As
1852:2021
1796:2020
1722:2019
1671:2018
1620:2017
1569:2016
1518:2015
1467:2014
1416:2013
1365:2012
1314:2011
1263:2010
1189:2009
1138:2008
1087:2007
1036:2006
990:2005
939:2004
888:2003
837:2002
786:2001
715:2000
652:2016
626:2016
605:2024
581:2024
560:2024
539:2016
517:2016
495:2016
474:2016
435:2016
414:2016
375:2017
88:Died
59:Born
284:or
245:of
1899::
451:.
365:.
288:.
201:.
193:,
161:.
100:,
79:,
75:,
685:e
678:t
671:v
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583:.
562:.
541:.
519:.
497:.
476:.
455:.
437:.
416:.
377:.
67:)
63:(
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
