218:, a "small but booming northwest Arkansas town." 22-year-old Joshua Macave Brown shared Carpenter's apartment. Carpenter, who managed a beauty salon, was a friend of Dirkhising's parents. Dirkhising had stayed with the two men at their apartment on weekends only to work at the salon to make money to rebuild his car for two months prior to his death. Brown had been sexually molesting Dirkhising for two months before his death; he claimed that the boy was a willing participant, even though Jesse was dating a girl so this is unlikely and something only the defense tried to use. Jesse's family had been told that he was helping out at the salon.
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sex crime, while the adult
Shepard was ostensibly murdered as part of a hate crime. While both heterosexuality and homosexuality have been cited as issues in both cases, the circumstances were different and in contrast: Shepard was an openly gay man who was attacked by two heterosexual men, while Dirkhising was raped by two men who were described as lovers in a police affidavit.
619:
250:, an antidepressant and a sedative. Police determined that Dirkhising had been repeatedly raped over a period of several hours. It was later revealed that over a two-day period Dirkhising had been repeatedly raped and sodomized with various objects. After the men took a break to eat, Brown noticed Dirkhising was not breathing and alerted Carpenter, who attempted to
443:"omitted a key piece of information" for its front-page story on Dirkhising: The HRC had provided a statement strongly condemning the crime and called for the perpetrators to be punished "to the fullest extent of the law." Sullivan also criticized some aspects of the conservative coverage of the Dirkhising case equating gay sex with
164:
Despite his being at their home with approval from his parents, the defense argued he was complicit in the sexual acts, and therefore the death was accidental. Considering how he was a minor and the men were adults, this was considered unlikely. Further details revealed in the court case depicted a
514:
for the crimes. Neither man had any known prior convictions. The two men were tried separately, as it was believed "each of them will blame the other for the murder." The
Arkansas state prosecutor "maintained that the older man had mapped out the assault and watched a portion of it" so chose to send
473:
people and to what they view as a 'liberal' press" had raised questions about the
Dirkhising case. Shipp said, however, that she "made a clear distinction" between the Dirkhising and Shepard cases: "Matthew Shepard's death sparked public expressions of outrage that themselves became news. . . . That
408:
were not justified because the two cases varied with the
Dirkhising murder offering "no lessons," whereas the Shepard murder "touches on a host of complex and timely issues: intolerance, society's attitudes toward gays and the pressure to conform, the use of violence as a means of confronting one's
492:
magazine editorial, asserted that " was the kind of depraved act that happens with even more regularity against young females and, indeed if the victim had been a 13-year-old girl, the story would probably never have gotten beyond Benton County, much less
Arkansas. The same editorial also said: "A
201:
The media coverage of the
Dirkhising case was repeatedly and consistently contrasted with that of the high-profile Shepard case, although the cases were dissimilar in several important details. While both victims died as the result of assaults by two men, Dirkhising was a minor and the victim of a
501:
argument. But sex with children is a crime regardless of the sexes involved, and is not synonymous with homosexuality. . . . "The reason the
Dirkhising story received so little play is it offered no lessons. Shepard's murder touches on a host of complex and timely issues: intolerance, society's
395:
recorded 3,007 stories about his death compared with only 46 in the month after the
Dirkhising murder. However, once the media seized on the story, this count rapidly rose into the thousands. Many of the articles justified the lack of coverage, citing that the death did not justify national
337:, media critic and director of the Media Research Center, accused the media of deliberately spiking the story. Bozell wrote, "Had he been openly gay and his attackers heterosexual, the crime would have led all the networks. But no liberal media outlet has as its villains two gay men."
198:. The added attention resulted in mainstream media also reporting the Dirkhising case in relation to the coverage of the Shepard case, with many attempting to explain why the two were handled differently by the media, and perhaps received differently by readers.
324:
ran a story with the headline "Media tune out torture death of
Arkansas boy." The story contrasted the lack of coverage of the Dirkhising case with the treatment the murder of Matthew Shepard received. The story quoted Tim Graham, director of media studies at
529:
was the only network to cover the murder trial and conviction. The prosecutors "argued that Jesse suffocated to death during the sexual assault because of a combination of the drugs and the way he was trussed up." In March 2001, Brown was found guilty of
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a child, and a diagram of how to tie up and position the boy, as well as other notes of fantasies of molesting children. It was speculated that one of the men planned the assault and the other carried it out. The
1072:
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384:; taken from a bar, beaten and left to die because he was the vilified "other" whom society has often cast as an acceptable target of abuse; Dirkhising was just "another" to a pair of deviants. And while
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234:
call. They went to the home of Davis
Carpenter, where Joshua Brown was also present. Police found that Dirkhising had been tied to a mattress and that his ankles, knees, and wrists had been bound with
1984:
447:
as "ugly nonsense". Sullivan squarely summed up the differences in media coverage as being due to political interests. Sullivan stated that whereas the Shepherd case was used to support including
502:
attitudes toward gays and the pressure to conform, the use of violence as a means of confronting one's demons. "Jesse Dirkhising's death gives us nothing except the depravity of two sick men."
1166:
298:
Dirkhising's case initially was reported regionally by "news organizations in Arkansas and also covered by newspapers in Oklahoma and Tennessee," yet almost no national press. The
478:." Shipp also noted that the Shepherd story was newsworthy because of the debate it fostered on hate crimes and the level of intolerance towards LGBT people in the United States.
2009:
2014:
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recorded in their affidavit a statement by Brown that he had been molesting Dirkhising for at least two months prior to Dirkhising's death. Brown called the molestation '
214:. At the time of his death he was 13 and in seventh grade. Davis Carpenter, who was charged with his murder, was then 38, and lived about 30 miles (48 km) away in
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ran the story on its local wires but not nationally until a month later when the story was focused on the lack of coverage rather than the crime itself. A
1989:
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and Shepard's murder was a hate crime involving adults. Also the sexualities of the victims and attackers differed somewhat with Shepard being an
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worth addressing at the outset is the failure to distinguish between homosexuality and pedophilia, which creates a false parallel at the core of
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1999:
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The Dirkhising case was repeatedly compared with the media coverage of the murder of Matthew Shepard although Dirkhising was a minor in a
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from Benton County citing excessive pretrial publicity. "It's been on everyone's lips down here for a month and a half," Buckley stated.
2004:
1690:
174:
article ran a story nearly a month after his death, noting the lack of national coverage in contrast to that given to the 1998 death of
178:. The Shepard murder was approaching its first anniversary and was getting renewed national attention, coupled with updates on pending
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1964:
1949:
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42:
400:, whereas the Shepard reports identified Shepard as gay and the crimes as hate crimes from the beginning. In a November 4, 1999,
333:, as saying, "Nobody wants to say anything negative about homosexuals. Nobody wants to be seen on the wrong side of that issue."
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the boy, then called 911. Dirkhising later died in the hospital, his death hastened apparently as the result of positional
1239:
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that Brown was solely responsible for the rape and murder of Dirkhising while Brown said that Carpenter was the director.
251:
558:
380:, "Matthew Shepard died not because of an all-too-common sex crime, but because of prejudice. Essentially, Shepard was
1954:
562:
561:. He entered the state prison system on April 26, 2001. As of 2013 Joshua Macave Brown, ADC#120142, is located in the
510:
Davis Don Carpenter and Joshua Brown were each charged with capital murder and six counts of rape, and they faced the
344:
article, the lack of coverage of Dirkhising's case was noted by conservative commentators and was attributed to the
481:
The story of the September 26 death was transmitted by Associated Press national news wires on October 29, and the
1939:
1596:
Lieb, David A. (1999-11-02). "Two Men Accused of Murder, Rape of 13-Year-Old Boy". Associated Press. p. E1.
1979:
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958:
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1224:"Arkansas town still reeling over death of 13-year-old: Homosexual suspects, gruesome death anger residents"
211:
146:
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Brown to trial first. Carpenter's court-appointed attorney, criminal defense lawyer Tim Buckley, sought a
1604:
The Death of the West: How Dying Populations and Immigrant Invasions Imperil Our Country and Civilization
1344:
The Death of the West: How Dying Populations and Immigrant Invasions Imperil Our Country and Civilization
1843:
1738:"Media Tunes Out Child Torture Death - Media Accused of Not Covering Story Due to Political Correctness"
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for its support of hate-crime legislation. The Human Rights Campaign (HRC), however, complained that
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of the perpetrators as well as the nature of the crimes. Conservative political commentator
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1661:"Affidavit of the Jesse Dirkhising murder: In The Circuit Court of Benton County, Arkansas"
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people in federal hate-crime law the Dirkhising case was ignored for concerns of inciting
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to similar charges and was also sentenced to life. Subsequently, Carpenter said on the
535:
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for sexual activity. Brown also later claimed he himself was "under the influence of
1923:
1676:"Media Tune Out Torture Death of Arkansas Boy: Homosexuals Charged With Rape, Murder"
1602:
1561:
1440:
Edge with Paula Zahn, FOX News, May 16, 2001; Accessed through Ebsco, June 17, 2006.
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story on the lack of coverage on October 22, 1999, a month after Dirkhising's death.
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149:. He was staying with two men (with his parents’ permission) who bound, drugged,
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April 2, 2001, Vol. 224 Issue 14, p8, 1p; Accessed through Ebsco, June 17, 2001.
1765:
Original site source was online September 18, 2002 for wayback machine purposes.
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1374:"Aftermath of a Hate Crime: Oshawa Little Theatre Tackles Controversial Play"
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was "almost alone among national newspapers" reporting on Brown's trial and
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attention; initial reports failed to mention that the two perpetrators were
360:
235:
1027:- Title 5. Criminal Offenses - Chapter 14. Sexual Offenses. Sections 5-14-
953:
356:
barbarians does not fit the "villain-victim script of our cultural elite."
618:
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by the Arkansas Supreme Court in September 2003. In April 2001, Carpenter
210:
Dirkhising was the son of Tina and Miles Yates Jr. from the small town of
1426:
526:
381:
364:
255:
1582:"Lawyer to request change of venue: Boy dies during homosexual assault"
283:
239:
226:
On September 26, 1999, Dirkhising's murder was discovered by police of
150:
1461:"Why One Murder Makes Page One and Another Is Lost in the News Briefs"
565:. He had been received into the state prison system on April 4, 2001.
371:
men, while Dirkhising's attackers were lovers and presumed to be gay.
278:' and claimed that Dirkhising was a willing participant. According to
539:
266:
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306:
search revealed only a few dozen articles that appeared only after
470:
469:, noted that "readers, prodded by commentators who are hostile to
448:
243:
231:
194:
of the two cases and explored the issues of what was considered a
1511:
Press Bias and Politics: How the Media Frame Controversial Issues
329:, a conservative media watchdog group that frequently criticizes
168:
Dirkhising's death received only regional media coverage until a
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Jesse Dirkhising's death has not done so is hardly the fault of
238:
and belts. Dirkhising had been gagged with his own underwear, a
154:
1695:
1297:
397:
320:
On October 22, 1999, approximately one month after his death,
242:
and duct tape. Brown told police they had given Dirkhising an
1699:. CNN Coverage of Matthew Shepard. 1998-10-12. Archived from
1635:
Persecution: How Liberals Are Waging War Against Christianity
1301:. CNN Coverage of Matthew Shepard. 1998-10-12. Archived from
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magazine article, Jonathan Gregg opined that accusations of
1892:
Feeding the Media Beast: An Easy Recipe for Great Publicity
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1537:"'Laramie Project' Offers Heavy Subject, Hope for Future"
1423:"Driving Directions from Rogers, AR to Prairie Grove, AR"
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1691:"Murder charges planned in beating death of gay student"
1320:
September 4, 2001, accessed through Ebsco, June 17, 2006
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649:
647:
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897:
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893:
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1985:
Mass media-related controversies in the United States
1840:"University of Wyoming Matthew Shepard Resource Site"
1791:"Times Prints 'Disgusting' Front-page Attack on Gays"
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laws in Arkansas, Dirkhising was incapable of giving
1241:
Violence and Nonviolence: Pathways to Understanding
1107:
1105:
141:(May 24, 1986 – September 26, 1999), also known as
119:
107:
96:
77:
51:
32:
1889:
1601:
1341:
388:is unfortunately no big news, lynching still is."
1293:"Beaten Gay Student Dies; Murder Charges Planned"
1873:. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, Inc.
1871:News and Sexuality: Media Portraits of Diversity
261:Police found in Carpenter's home material of a
1716:"New Details Emerge in Matthew Shepard Murder"
8:
290:" when talking with his arresting officers.
1869:Campbell, Shannon; Laura Castaneda (2005).
435:and using Dirkhising's death to attack the
2010:September 1999 crimes in the United States
1326:"No Media Spotlight on Sex Killing of Boy"
186:, the Dirkhising case gained notoriety as
29:
2015:Violence against men in the United States
1736:Price, Joyce Howard (November 29, 1999).
1584:. The Washington Times. November 20, 1999
1226:. The Washington Times. December 20, 1999
1210:. The Washington Times. November 20, 1999
265:nature, including instructions on how to
1678:. The Washington Times. October 22, 1999
1395:. The Washington Times. December 5, 1999
1811:. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. E1.
1268:Right Angles And Other Obstinate Truths
643:
1970:History of Washington County, Arkansas
1659:McMath, Kathryn (September 27, 1999).
1539:. Sawyer County Record. Archived from
1484:"Killer: Shepard Didn't Make Advances"
1316:Bozell, Brent. Media Research Center,
954:"Guilty Plea in Arkansas Rape-Killing"
696:
694:
633:Cultural depictions of Matthew Shepard
1754:"Jury Split On Rape, Murder Sentence"
1663:. State of Arkansas: County of Benton
391:In the month after Shepard's murder,
27:1999 child murder in Rogers, Arkansas
7:
1789:Smith, David M. (October 28, 1999).
1459:Gregg, Jonathan (November 4, 1999).
485:ran a news brief the following day.
1995:People from Prairie Grove, Arkansas
1535:LaBreche, Will (January 16, 2008).
1372:Chase, Christy (January 12, 2008).
1328:. The Washington Times. p. A14
988:"Did Media Hide Gay Murder Case?",
1975:Incidents of violence against boys
1805:Sullivan, Andrew (April 1, 2001).
1492:. November 6, 1999. Archived from
1376:. Oshawa This Week. Archived from
1324:Bozell, Brent (November 2, 1999).
1192:Arkansas Department of Corrections
1171:Arkansas Department of Corrections
555:Arkansas Department of Corrections
538:, and this sentence was upheld on
25:
1990:Child murder in the United States
1945:1999 murders in the United States
1752:Skoloff, Brian (March 22, 2001).
1408:"Did Media Hide Gay Murder Case?"
1194:. Retrieved on February 26, 2013.
1173:. Retrieved on February 26, 2013.
316:Accusations of liberal media bias
1445:"Find a Grave: Jesse Dirkhising"
1090:Bozell, "Human Events" pp. 16-17
818:Bozell, "No Media Spotlight ..."
617:
603:
589:
575:
488:Jonathan Gregg, in a November 9
145:, was an American teenager from
40:
1769:Skoloff, Brian (Dec 11, 2003).
871:"Arkansas town still reeling",
776:"Contrasts in Media Coverage",
157:him. He died from drugging and
1555:Lacayo, Richard (1998-10-26).
1514:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
534:and rape. He was sentenced to
352:noted that showing gay men as
1:
1808:The Death of Jesse Dirkhising
1600:Buchanan, Patrick J. (2002).
1393:"Contrasts in Media Coverage"
1340:Buchanan, Patrick J. (2002).
1960:Deaths by person in Arkansas
559:Tucker Maximum Security Unit
2000:People murdered in Arkansas
1896:. Purdue University Press.
1773:. NewsNet14. Archived from
1208:"A Special Kind of Killing"
563:East Arkansas Regional Unit
230:, when they responded to a
2031:
2005:Rapes in the United States
1410:. ABC News. April 10, 2001
1265:Bates, Michael M. (2004).
182:. Prompted by coverage in
1244:. Sage Publications Inc.
512:death penalty in Arkansas
413:Accusations of homophobia
39:
1965:Deaths from asphyxiation
1950:American torture victims
1632:Limbaugh, David (2003).
1508:Kuypers, Jim A. (2002).
923:Skoloff, March 22, 2001.
714:"Lawyer to request...",
653:Skoloff, March 13, 2001.
374:Jonathan Gregg wrote in
367:gay man attacked by two
139:Jesse William Dirkhising
126:Miles Yates Jr. (father)
56:Jesse William Dirkhising
557:(ADC)#120443 is in the
222:Death and investigation
212:Prairie Grove, Arkansas
147:Prairie Grove, Arkansas
1793:. The Washington Times
1638:. Regnery Publishing.
1608:. St. Martin's Press.
1557:"The New Gay Struggle"
1447:. Find a Grave website
1348:. St. Martin's Press.
553:As of 2013 Carpenter,
506:Trials and convictions
190:commentators compared
180:hate crime legislation
1888:Mathis, Mark (2002).
1844:University of Wyoming
1740:. Insight on the News
1238:Barak, Gregg (2003).
848:"Killer:Shephard ..."
437:Human Rights Campaign
433:political correctness
327:Media Research Center
272:Arkansas State Police
111:Friendship Cemetery,
1569:on November 29, 2005
1152:Edge with Paula Zahn
1143:"Why One Murder ..."
979:"Media Tune Out ..."
873:The Washington Times
862:"A Special Kind ..."
778:The Washington Times
716:The Washington Times
583:United States portal
499:The Washington Times
455:. In November 1999,
441:The Washington Times
421:wrote an article in
342:The Washington Times
322:The Washington Times
309:The Washington Times
246:of urine dosed with
184:The Washington Times
113:Springdale, Arkansas
532:first-degree murder
522:The Washington Post
476:The Washington Post
466:The Washington Post
161:during the ordeal.
159:positional asphyxia
129:Tina Yates (mother)
102:positional asphyxia
97:Cause of death
1955:Crimes in Arkansas
1831:Sullivan, Andrew,
1771:"Jesse Dirkhising"
1163:Carpenter, Davis D
1078:2008-04-21 at the
1067:2008-04-21 at the
1056:2008-04-21 at the
1045:2008-04-21 at the
1034:2008-04-21 at the
1023:2008-10-23 at the
883:Driving directions
453:anti-gay prejudice
406:liberal media bias
81:September 26, 1999
1914:jesse dirkhising.
1903:978-1-55753-247-3
1880:978-1-4129-0998-3
1626:jesse dirkhising.
1543:on August 8, 2007
1366:jesse dirkhising.
1099:Sullivan, page E1
445:child molestation
153:, and repeatedly
136:
135:
16:(Redirected from
2022:
1940:1999 in Arkansas
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1911:
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1846:. Archived from
1833:The New Republic
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1565:. Archived from
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1467:. Archived from
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548:Fox News Channel
424:The New Republic
300:Associated Press
284:informed consent
228:Rogers, Arkansas
171:Washington Times
165:gruesome death.
89:Rogers, Arkansas
84:
65:
63:
44:
34:Jesse Dirkhising
30:
21:
18:Jesse Dirkhising
2030:
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2019:
1980:Matthew Shepard
1920:
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1863:Further reading
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1496:on June 6, 2011
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70:Oxford, Ohio
66:May 24, 1986
1935:1999 deaths
1930:1986 births
495:red herring
457:E. R. Shipp
386:child abuse
252:resuscitate
143:Jesse Yates
1924:Categories
1909:2008-04-23
1854:2006-11-01
1824:2008-01-18
1797:2008-01-18
1781:2008-01-30
1760:2008-01-23
1744:2008-01-19
1728:2006-05-15
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1214:2008-01-18
1201:References
597:Law portal
393:LexisNexis
304:LexisNexis
206:Background
196:hate crime
62:1986-05-24
46:Dirkhising
1489:Salon.com
1219:Editorial
639:Citations
461:ombudsman
409:demons."
361:sex crime
276:horseplay
263:pedophile
236:duct tape
1721:ABC News
1427:Mapquest
1076:Archived
1065:Archived
1054:Archived
1043:Archived
1032:Archived
1021:Archived
990:ABC News
959:ABC News
836:Buchanan
569:See also
527:Fox News
354:sadistic
256:asphyxia
151:tortured
1188:Archive
1167:Archive
756:Kuypers
382:lynched
240:bandana
120:Parents
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679:McMath
540:appeal
365:openly
340:After
267:sedate
216:Rogers
91:, U.S.
72:, U.S.
1134:Smith
1008:Bates
943:Barak
903:Price
806:Gregg
471:LGBTQ
449:LGBTQ
244:enema
155:raped
1898:ISBN
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700:Lieb
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