1149:
1134:
1271:
303:
20:
1118:
1164:
466:
1225:
1202:
1244:
1296:
1187:
1148:
890:
And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was, JESUS OF NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS. This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew, and Greek, and Latin.
239:'s appearance. Herod sends the Magi to Bethlehem, telling them to notify him when they find the child. After the Magi find Jesus and present their gifts, having been warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they returned to their country by a different way.
1367:" rather than "Hebrew". (Aramaic, which was closely related to Hebrew, had become a common vernacular of the Jews by this period. Hebrew was in decline, but would continue to be spoken in the region until the beginning of the 3rd century CE.) However,
391:
Pilate seeks to release Jesus, but the Jews object, saying: "If thou release this man, thou art not Caesar's friend: every one that maketh himself a king speaketh against Caesar", bringing the power of Caesar to the forefront of the discussion. In
1408:
Only some of the extant early Greek manuscripts of Luke’s Gospel include the reference to the languages in verse 23:38. This variance may be a result of later copyists adding to Luke to harmonize that Gospel with the text of John 19:20. The
430:
In the New
Testament, the "King of the Jews" title is used only by the gentiles, by the Magi, Pontius Pilate, and Roman soldiers. In contrast, the Jewish leaders prefer the designation "King of Israel" as in
349:
states that the Jews told Pilate: "Do not write King of the Jews" but instead write that Jesus had merely claimed that title, but Pilate wrote it anyway. Pilate's response to the protest is recorded by John:
282:
is used on three occasions. In the first such episode, all four
Gospels state that the title was used for Jesus when he was interviewed by Pilate and that his crucifixion was based on that charge, as in
1383:) is used to mean Aramaic. Other than the word itself, there is no direct evidence in the verse as to whether Hebrew or Aramaic is meant and translations of the verse which render
1243:
403:
after the death of Jesus was thus not without risk, for this term could have opened them to prosecution as followers of Jesus, who was accused of possible rebellion against Rome.
1133:
573:, occasionally carved directly into the cross and usually just above the head of Jesus. The initialism INRI (as opposed to the full inscription) was in use by the 10th century (
1270:
1224:
1201:
927:(literally "for more/greater insult"), which idiomatically means "to add insult to injury" or "to make matters worse". Its origin is sometimes made clearer by capitalisation
1117:
1163:
1696:, chpt. 5: "The same goes for the note in Luke 23, 38 that the inscription on the cross was given in three languages: included by scribe A, deleted by Ca and absent in
2539:
1319:
422:, the Jewish priests mock Jesus as "King of Israel", saying: "He is the King of Israel; let him now come down from the cross, and we will believe in him."
2530:
450:
the distinction between King of the Jews and King of Israel is made consciously, setting apart the two uses of the term by the Jews and the gentiles.
2091:
439:. From Pilate's perspective, it is the term "King" (regardless of Jews or Israel) that is sensitive, for it implies possible rebellion against the
2498:
2456:
2362:
2341:
2320:
2297:
2251:
2240:
2190:
2169:
2137:
2057:
2033:
1978:
1957:
1890:
1035:
For since Intra Nobis Regnum deI , all things are in
Ourself, and all Spiritual Experience is a more of less complete Revelation of Him .
2385:
2263:
2009:
2068:
2477:
2427:
2404:
2219:
2101:
2080:
1930:
1909:
183:
1101:) receives a value of 3343 whose digits seem to correspond to a suggested date for the crucifixion of Jesus, (33, April, 3rd day).
562:, most crucifixes and many depictions of the crucifixion of Jesus include a plaque or parchment placed above his head, called a
224:) ask him: "Where is he that is born King of the Jews?" Herod asks the "chief priests and teachers of the law", who tell him in
2467:
1997:
2631:
2641:
2523:
345:
In the New
Testament, Pilate writes "Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews" as a sign to be affixed to the cross of Jesus.
1186:
887:
And a superscription also was written over Him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.
535:
334:, Jesus responds to Pilate, "you have said so" when asked if Jesus is the King of the Jews and says nothing further. In
302:
19:
342:, he states: "My kingdom is not of this world". However, Jesus does not directly deny being the King of the Jews.
2610:
2605:
1410:
259:
111:
744:
729:
2516:
810:
677:
650:
739:
734:
642:, "The King of Glory"), not implying that this was really what was written but reflecting the tradition that
2651:
2560:
590:
331:
1387:
as
Aramaic are reliant on assumptions made outside of the text to justify it, rather than the text itself.
357:
2127:
903:
563:
515:
states that this was written in three languages – Aramaic-Hebrew, Latin, and Greek – and was put on the
459:
387:
by the
Judeans to press charges against Jesus is a key element of the final decision to crucify him. In
369:
351:
251:
1254:
2646:
2636:
2590:
1170:
586:
559:
432:
419:
407:
373:
232:
123:
90:
Both uses of the title lead to dramatic results in the New
Testament accounts. In the account of the
1301:
1193:
1155:
597:
547:
377:
436:
393:
388:
335:
2600:
2585:
1000:
876:
400:
364:
Jesus as the King of Jews by putting a purple robe (that signifies royal status) on him, place a
179:
103:
2373:
414:
and has been nailed to the cross, the soldiers look up on him on the cross, mock him, offer him
2446:
2180:
2494:
2473:
2452:
2433:
2423:
2415:
2400:
2381:
2358:
2337:
2331:
2316:
2293:
2259:
2236:
2230:
2215:
2196:
2186:
2165:
2159:
2133:
2097:
2076:
2053:
2029:
2005:
1984:
1974:
1968:
1953:
1936:
1926:
1905:
1886:
465:
247:
236:
209:
95:
91:
2352:
2308:
2285:
2274:
2209:
2148:
2047:
2023:
1920:
1880:
2043:
2019:
1414:
1016:
919:
909:
594:
543:
469:
361:
338:, he hints that the king accusation did not originate with Pilate but with "others" and, in
275:
119:
115:
44:
40:
36:
2555:
1697:
1309:
1280:
1057:
987:
661:
365:
311:
217:
156:
107:
24:
2565:
2508:
1324:
1231:
1065:
interpreting INRI as "Iron Nails Ran In". The same meaning is given by a character in
606:
539:
447:
171:
160:
136:
2420:
Tendenzen Europäischer
Linguistik: Akten des 31. Linguistischen Kolloquiums, Bern 1996
418:
and say: "If thou art the King of the Jews, save thyself." In the parallel account in
2625:
1726:
1397:
1048:
1028:
567:
306:
Acronyms for "Jesus of
Nazareth, King of the Jews" written in three languages (as in
284:
213:
148:
99:
52:
28:
881:
And set up over His head His accusation written, THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS
1012:
945:
440:
263:
255:
243:
175:
2161:
The Nets of
Modernism: Henry James, Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, and Sigmund Freud
1077:
translations preserve "INRI" and make a new misinterpretation, such as the French
2488:
2575:
2113:
1372:
1360:
1124:
1062:
1052:
1008:
941:
884:
And the superscription of His accusation was written over, THE KING OF THE JEWS.
221:
203:
199:
64:
2469:
The Journey From Texts to Translations: The Origin and Development of the Bible
2129:
How to Distinguish the Saints in Art by Their Costumes, Symbols, and Attributes
2276:
Storia degli scavi di Roma e notizie intorno le collezioni romane di antichità
1701:
1291:
574:
516:
512:
508:
346:
339:
307:
296:
152:
151:), which in English translates to "Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews", and
144:
2437:
2200:
1988:
163:(ΙΝΒΙ = Ιησούς Ναζωραίος Βασιλεύς Ιουδαίων)—during the crucifixion of Jesus.
122:, the title "King of the Jews" leads to charges against Jesus that result in
2580:
2416:"Language Games in Translation: Etymological Reinterpretation of Hierograms"
1940:
1295:
1140:
1092:
1066:
1024:
937:
918:
denotes any insulting or mocking word or phrase; it is usually found in the
601:
476:
292:
288:
258:). When Herod realizes he has been outwitted by the Magi he gives orders to
225:
68:
2354:
Exploring the Texture of Texts: A Guide to Socio-Rhetorical Interpretations
1413:(NIV) translation and 43 of the 63 translations of Luke 23:38 assembled by
653:
uses INRI, since abbreviation in Romanian is exactly the same as in Latin (
330:
to accuse Jesus are central to the discussion between Jesus and Pilate. In
2309:"'Weighing the point': A Few Points on the Writing of Finitude in Ulysses"
1207:
A Latin crucifix with a stylized INRI plaque attached, in cornfields near
1154:
Jesus with a royal purple robe mocked and beaten as the King of the Jews,
507:), which in English translates to "Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews" (
2256:
The Challenge of Bible Translation: Communicating God's Word to the World
1230:
INRI plaque attached to Crucifix and Calvary statue on the north side of
472:
187:
77:
73:
2378:
Jesus' Last Week, Jerusalem Studies in the Synoptic Gospels — Volume One
1882:
Metamorphosis: The Transfiguration in Byzantine Theology and Iconography
396:, the Jews then cry out: "Crucify him! ... We have no king but Caesar."
2002:
The Cambridge History of Judaism Vol. IV: The Late Roman-Rabinic Period
1364:
1314:
1216:
949:
480:
415:
411:
167:
2595:
1235:
1212:
1208:
637:
625:
526:
484:
231:
The question troubles Herod who considers the title his own, and in
1169:
Jesus, on the cross, is mocked in Calvary as the King of the Jews,
2543:
2111:
Crowley, Aleister (March 1909). "The Temple of Solomon the King".
977:
815:
301:
182:". Although the phrase "King of the Jews" is used in most English
166:
The title "King of the Jews" is only used in the New Testament by
56:
2254:. In Scorgie, Glen G.; Strauss, Mark L.; Voth, Steven M. (eds.).
1752:
936:
The initials INRI have been reinterpreted with other expansions (
2235:. Ironside Expository Commentaries Series. Kregel Publications.
2069:"Hebraisti in Ancient Texts: Does ἑβραϊστί Ever Mean 'Aramaic'?"
1123:
The Magi visit Herod to ask about the newborn King of the Jews,
693:
643:
262:
in Bethlehem and its vicinity who are two years old and under. (
2512:
2333:
Modernist Fiction and Vagueness: Philosophy, Form, and Language
1482:
1480:
646:
depict the spiritual reality rather than the physical reality.
519:. The Greek version of the initialism reads ΙΝΒΙ, representing
178:
soldiers. In contrast, the Jewish leaders use the designation "
981:
2376:. In Notley, R. Steven; Turnage, Marc; Becker, Brian (eds.).
1629:
1627:
1139:
Pilate, trying and handing over Jesus, the King of the Jews,
775:
768:
761:
754:
671:
2422:. Linguistiche Arbeiten. Vol. 381. Walter de Gruyter.
1051:, the nominally Catholic, ethnically Jewish protagonist of
63:, both at the beginning of his life and at the end. In the
2252:"Translating John's Gospel: Challenges and Opportunities"
186:, it has also been translated "King of the Judeans" (see
1448:
1446:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
962:("by fire, nature renews itself"); other sources have
2025:
The Gospel and Epistles of John: A Concise Commentary
1952:. The Art of the Critic. Vol. 9. Chelsea House.
691:
665:
2374:"Spoken and Literary Languages in the Time of Jesus"
2121:(1). London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent: 160.
2073:
The Language Environment of 1st Century Judea Vol. 2
1007:
Later writers have attributed these to Freemasonry,
618:. Some representations change the title to "ΙΝΒΚ,"
235:he questions the Magi about the exact time of the
1096:
631:
619:
613:
520:
82:
2490:The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity
1970:SCM studyguide to the books of the New Testament
1045:literally means "Inside Us the Kingdom of god".
612:, based on the Greek version of the inscription
155:states that this was written in three languages—
2185:. Grand Rapids, Mich: William B. Eerdmans Pub.
534:Devotional enthusiasm greeted the discovery by
16:Title of Jesus referred to in the New Testament
2071:. In Buth, Randall; Notley, R. Steven (eds.).
1320:Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament
708:
399:The use of the term "King of the Jews" by the
383:The continued reliance on the use of the term
114:. Towards the end of the accounts of all four
2524:
2397:The Passion of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew
2049:Introduction to the New Testament Christology
1902:The Incarnate God: The Feasts of Jesus Christ
928:
922:
913:
685:
410:. Here, after Jesus has carried the cross to
8:
2493:. History e-book project. Humanities Press.
1861:
1633:
1606:
1498:
1078:
990:
944:, Marcello Reghellini de Schio alleged that
528:Iēsoûs ho Nazōraîos ho basileús tôn Ioudaíōn
1040:
1027:, supposedly written by "Frater P." of the
971:
963:
957:
502:
496:
458:"INRI" redirects here. For other uses, see
406:The final use of the title only appears in
326:and the role of the Jews in using the term
2531:
2517:
2509:
1486:
803:Iēsûs ho Nazōraêos ho basileùs tôn Iudaéōn
777:Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
756:οὗτός ἐστιν Ἰησοῦς ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
615:Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ βασιλεύς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
522:Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ βασιλεύς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
368:on his head, and beat and mistreat him in
1925:. Mystic, CT: Twenty-Third Publications.
1837:
1693:
788:hûtós estin Iēsûs ho basileùs tôn Iudaéōn
475:, displays the lettering in Greek: ΙΝΒΙ (
2150:Esprit du dogme de la Franche-Maçonnerie
1777:
1669:
1645:
1570:
1347:
1345:
855:Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews
706:
464:
356:After the trial by Pilate and after the
18:
2451:. Presbyterian Publishing Corporation.
2279:(in Italian). Vol. I. E. Loescher.
1825:
1813:
1789:
1727:"Luke 23:38 (all English translations)"
1618:
1522:
1430:
1396:See range of translations assembled at
1341:
1182:
1113:
542:, said to have been brought to Rome by
143:) represents the Latin inscription (in
102:who come from the east call Jesus the "
2147:de Schio, Marcello Reghellini (1825).
2132:. New York: Art Culture Publications.
1849:
1713:
1681:
1594:
1534:
1510:
1471:
1452:
1437:
352:"What I have written, I have written."
1801:
1657:
1582:
1546:
1264:, National Gallery of Art, Washington
538:in 1492 of what was acclaimed as the
7:
2067:Buth, Randall; Pierce, Chad (2014).
1759:(in Spanish). Real Academia Española
1558:
1417:omit any reference to the languages.
846:This is Jesus, the King of the Jews
682:І҆и҃съ назѡрѧни́нъ, цр҃ь і҆ꙋде́йскїй
999:, "water, fire, wind, earth" — the
991:
660:Eastern Orthodox Churches that use
2153:(in French). Brussels: H. Tarlier.
655:Iisus Nazarineanul Regele Iudeilor
630:, "The King of the World"), or to
426:King of the Jews vs King of Israel
14:
2445:Strecker, G.; Horn, F.W. (2000).
2250:Köstenberger, Andreas J. (2009).
1885:. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press.
1757:Diccionario de la lengua española
495:represents the Latin inscription
1904:. St Vladimir's Seminary Press.
1375:at this time to mean Hebrew and
1294:
1269:
1242:
1223:
1200:
1185:
1162:
1147:
1132:
1116:
67:of the New Testament, e.g., in
2414:Szczerbowski, Tadeusz (1998).
2336:. Cambridge University Press.
2164:. Cambridge University Press.
2004:. Cambridge University Press.
1083:"he makes us innocent again".
1021:The Temple of Solomon the King
965:Igne Natura Renovando Integrat
504:Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudaeorum
212:in the Gospel of Matthew, the
141:Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudaeorum
1:
2448:Theology of the New Testament
2313:Reading Joycean Temporalities
1363:word used in John 19:20, as "
1258:
959:Igne Natura Renovatur Integra
837:Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudæorum
798:ho basileùs tôn Iudaéōn hûtos
770:ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων οὗτος
676:, the equivalent of ΙΝΒΙ for
566:, or title, bearing only the
2418:. In Strässler, Jürg (ed.).
2211:Studies in Early Christology
2000:. In Katz, Steven T. (ed.).
1900:Aslanoff, Catherine (2005).
1277:iesus nazarenus rex iudæorum
873:
858:
852:This is the King of the Jews
841:
807:
782:
749:
724:
638:
626:
527:
498:IESVS NAZARENVS REX IVDÆORVM
246:in a dream and warns him to
2399:. Vol. 1. M. Glazier.
1998:"Aramaic in Late Antiquity"
973:Igne Nitrum Roris Invenitur
692:
672:
479:of Holy Trinity Monastery,
2670:
1097:
997:Yammīm, Nūr, Rūaḥ, Yabešet
901:
822:Hic est Iesus rex Iudæorum
811:Vulgata Xystina-Clementina
776:
769:
762:
755:
632:
620:
614:
521:
457:
197:
118:, in the narrative of the
83:
2551:
2307:Mihálycsa, Erika (2017).
2090:Cresswell, Peter (2013).
1996:Breuer, Yochanan (2006).
1879:Andreopoulos, A. (2005).
1411:New International Version
1351:Some translations render
1023:includes a discussion of
686:
681:
666:
536:Pedro González de Mendoza
497:
270:In the Passion narratives
131:
112:Massacre of the Innocents
2466:Wegner, Paul D. (2004).
1950:Middle twentieth century
1607:Strecker & Horn 2000
1371:is consistently used in
1080:Il Nous Refait Innocents
651:Romanian Orthodox Church
2395:Senior, Donald (1985).
2372:Safrai, Shmuel (2006).
2357:. Bloomsbury Academic.
2330:Quigley, Megan (2015).
2273:Lanciani, R.A. (1902).
2229:Ironside, H.A. (2006).
2208:Hengel, Martin (2004).
2052:. Bloomsbury Academic.
793:ho basileùs tôn Iudaéōn
763:ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
703:Versions in the gospels
591:Eastern Orthodox Church
274:In the accounts of the
2351:Robbins, V.K. (1996).
2179:France, R. T. (2007).
2158:Ellmann, Maud (2010).
2093:The Invention of Jesus
1948:Bloom, Harold (1989).
1919:Binz, Stephen (2004).
1487:Buth & Pierce 2014
1079:
1042:Intra Nobis Regnum deI
1041:
972:
964:
958:
940:). In an 1825 book on
929:
923:
914:
684:) or the abbreviation
627:ho Basileùs toû kósmou
503:
488:
360:episode, the soldiers
358:flagellation of Christ
315:
208:In the account of the
170:, namely by the Magi,
140:
59:is referred to as the
48:
39:and beaten during his
2632:Christian terminology
2182:The Gospel of Matthew
1973:. London: SCM Press.
1537:, pp. 43 and 83.
1251:The Small Crucifixion
1098:βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
1061:, remembers his wife
904:INRI (disambiguation)
870:Hebrew, Latin, Greek
664:in their liturgy use
639:ho Basileùs tês Dóxēs
621:ὁ βασιλεύς τοῦ κόσμου
577:, Cologne, ca. 970).
468:
460:INRI (disambiguation)
318:The use of the terms
305:
220:in Jerusalem and (in
198:Further information:
84:βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
71:, this is written as
22:
2642:Crucifixion of Jesus
2546:in the New Testament
2126:De Bles, A. (1925).
2028:. Liturgical Press.
1967:Boxall, Ian (2007).
992:ימים, נור, רוח, יבשת
867:Hebrew, Latin, Greek
849:The King of the Jews
832:Hic est rex Iudæorum
699:, "King of Glory").
633:ὁ βασιλεύς τῆς Δόξης
587:Eastern Christianity
581:Eastern Christianity
560:Western Christianity
554:Western Christianity
242:An angel appears to
2284:McBain, Ed (2017).
1513:, pp. 457–458.
1489:, pp. 107–109.
1302:Christianity portal
1279:on the side of the
1194:Isenheim Altarpiece
924:para más/mayor inri
843:English translation
598:particular churches
548:Emperor Constantine
25:crowned with thorns
2586:Light of the World
2487:Weiss, R. (1969).
2472:. Baker Academic.
1922:The names of Jesus
1609:, p. 375–376.
1255:Matthias Grünewald
1095:, the Greek term (
984:is found by fire")
898:Other uses of INRI
489:
316:
49:
2619:
2618:
2500:978-80-13-01950-9
2458:978-0-664-22336-6
2364:978-1-56338-183-6
2343:978-1-316-19566-6
2322:978-90-04-34251-4
2299:978-1-78854-045-2
2242:978-0-8254-9619-6
2214:. A&C Black.
2192:978-0-8028-2501-8
2171:978-1-139-49338-3
2139:978-0-8103-4125-8
2059:978-0-8264-7190-1
2035:978-0-8146-1283-5
1980:978-0-334-04047-7
1959:978-0-87754-502-6
1892:978-0-88141-295-6
1862:Szczerbowski 1998
1634:Andreopoulos 2005
1561:, pp. 81–82.
1549:, pp. 78–79.
1525:, pp. 76–77.
1499:Köstenberger 2009
895:
894:
751:Greek Inscription
260:kill all the boys
237:Star of Bethlehem
210:nativity of Jesus
116:canonical Gospels
96:Gospel of Matthew
92:nativity of Jesus
2659:
2591:Logos (The Word)
2581:Last/Second Adam
2571:King of the Jews
2566:Christ (Messiah)
2533:
2526:
2519:
2510:
2504:
2483:
2462:
2441:
2410:
2391:
2368:
2347:
2326:
2303:
2292:. Head of Zeus.
2280:
2269:
2246:
2225:
2204:
2175:
2154:
2143:
2122:
2107:
2086:
2063:
2039:
2015:
1992:
1963:
1944:
1915:
1896:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1731:BibleGateway.com
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1475:
1469:
1456:
1450:
1441:
1435:
1418:
1415:BibleGateway.com
1406:
1400:
1398:BibleGateway.com
1394:
1388:
1349:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1278:
1273:
1263:
1260:
1246:
1227:
1204:
1189:
1166:
1151:
1136:
1120:
1100:
1099:
1082:
1044:
1017:Aleister Crowley
994:
993:
975:
967:
961:
932:
926:
920:fixed expression
917:
779:
778:
772:
771:
765:
764:
758:
757:
707:
698:
689:
688:
683:
675:
669:
668:
641:
635:
634:
629:
623:
622:
617:
616:
595:Eastern Catholic
530:
524:
523:
506:
500:
499:
470:Eastern Orthodox
370:Matthew 27:29–30
310:) on the cross,
280:King of the Jews
276:Passion of Jesus
120:Passion of Jesus
104:King of the Jews
86:
85:
61:King of the Jews
33:King of the Jews
2669:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2556:Alpha and Omega
2547:
2537:
2507:
2501:
2486:
2480:
2465:
2459:
2444:
2430:
2413:
2407:
2394:
2388:
2371:
2365:
2350:
2344:
2329:
2323:
2306:
2300:
2283:
2272:
2266:
2249:
2243:
2228:
2222:
2207:
2193:
2178:
2172:
2157:
2146:
2140:
2125:
2110:
2104:
2089:
2083:
2066:
2060:
2042:
2036:
2018:
2012:
1995:
1981:
1966:
1960:
1947:
1933:
1918:
1912:
1899:
1893:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1836:
1832:
1824:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1733:. HarperCollins
1725:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1698:Codex Vaticanus
1692:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1632:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1478:
1470:
1459:
1455:, p. 1048.
1451:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1350:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1310:Christ the King
1300:
1293:
1290:
1283:
1281:Sagrada Familia
1276:
1274:
1265:
1261:
1247:
1238:
1228:
1219:
1205:
1196:
1190:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1158:
1152:
1143:
1137:
1128:
1121:
1112:
1110:Biblical scenes
1107:
1089:
906:
900:
784:Transliteration
705:
678:Church Slavonic
662:Church Slavonic
583:
556:
491:The initialism
463:
456:
428:
366:Crown of Thorns
312:Ellwangen Abbey
272:
206:
196:
194:In the nativity
129:The initialism
124:his crucifixion
108:Herod the Great
17:
12:
11:
5:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2655:
2654:
2652:Pontius Pilate
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2624:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2513:
2506:
2505:
2499:
2484:
2478:
2463:
2457:
2442:
2428:
2411:
2405:
2392:
2387:978-9004147904
2386:
2369:
2363:
2348:
2342:
2327:
2321:
2304:
2298:
2281:
2270:
2265:978-0310321859
2264:
2247:
2241:
2226:
2220:
2205:
2191:
2176:
2170:
2155:
2144:
2138:
2123:
2108:
2102:
2087:
2081:
2064:
2058:
2040:
2034:
2016:
2011:978-0521772488
2010:
1993:
1979:
1964:
1958:
1945:
1931:
1916:
1910:
1897:
1891:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:, p. 221.
1854:
1842:
1838:Mihálycsa 2017
1830:
1828:, p. 128.
1818:
1816:, p. 164.
1806:
1804:, p. 335.
1794:
1792:, p. 160.
1782:
1770:
1744:
1718:
1716:, p. 226.
1706:
1694:Cresswell 2013
1686:
1684:, p. 225.
1674:
1672:, p. 124.
1662:
1660:, p. 102.
1650:
1638:
1623:
1611:
1599:
1597:, p. 124.
1587:
1575:
1573:, p. 454.
1563:
1551:
1539:
1527:
1515:
1503:
1501:, p. 350.
1491:
1476:
1457:
1442:
1440:, p. 125.
1429:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1401:
1389:
1373:Koine Hellenic
1361:Koine Hellenic
1340:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1325:Titulus Crucis
1322:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1275:
1268:
1266:
1253:, painting by
1248:
1241:
1239:
1232:Charles Bridge
1229:
1222:
1220:
1206:
1199:
1197:
1192:INRI from the
1191:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1159:
1153:
1146:
1144:
1138:
1131:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1088:
1085:
1069:'s 1975 novel
1037:
1036:
1005:
1004:
985:
968:
899:
896:
893:
892:
888:
885:
882:
879:
875:Full verse in
872:
871:
868:
865:
863:
861:
857:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
840:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
806:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
781:
780:
773:
766:
759:
752:
748:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
723:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
704:
701:
582:
579:
555:
552:
517:cross of Jesus
455:
452:
448:Gospel of Mark
427:
424:
271:
268:
195:
192:
172:Pontius Pilate
65:Koine Hellenic
43:, depicted by
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2665:
2664:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2596:Lord (Kyrios)
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2561:Bread of Life
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2522:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2502:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2481:
2479:9780801027994
2475:
2471:
2470:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2429:9783110913767
2425:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2406:0-89453-460-2
2402:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2258:. Zondervan.
2257:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2227:
2223:
2221:0-567-04280-4
2217:
2213:
2212:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2105:
2103:9781780286211
2099:
2095:
2094:
2088:
2084:
2082:9789004264410
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1932:1-58595-315-6
1928:
1924:
1923:
1917:
1913:
1911:0-88141-130-2
1907:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1863:
1858:
1855:
1852:, p. 65.
1851:
1846:
1843:
1840:, p. 61.
1839:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1783:
1780:, p. 12.
1779:
1778:de Schio 1825
1774:
1771:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1670:Aslanoff 2005
1666:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1648:, p. 89.
1647:
1646:Lanciani 1902
1642:
1639:
1636:, p. 26.
1635:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1621:, p. 32.
1620:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1585:, p. 93.
1584:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1571:Ironside 2006
1567:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1474:, p. 46.
1473:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1424:
1416:
1412:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1272:
1267:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1203:
1198:
1195:
1188:
1183:
1179:INRI examples
1178:
1172:
1171:Luke 23:36–37
1165:
1160:
1157:
1150:
1145:
1142:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1094:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1049:Leopold Bloom
1046:
1043:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1002:
1001:four elements
998:
989:
986:
983:
979:
974:
969:
966:
960:
955:
954:
953:
951:
947:
943:
939:
934:
931:
930:para más INRI
925:
921:
916:
911:
905:
897:
889:
886:
883:
880:
878:
874:
869:
866:
864:
862:
859:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
817:
813:
812:
808:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
783:
774:
767:
760:
753:
750:
746:
745:John 19:19–20
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
730:Matthew 27:37
728:
725:
720:
717:
714:
711:
709:
702:
700:
697:
695:
679:
674:
663:
658:
656:
652:
647:
645:
640:
628:
611:
608:
607:Greek letters
604:
603:
599:
596:
592:
588:
580:
578:
576:
572:
569:
568:Latin letters
565:
561:
553:
551:
549:
545:
541:
540:actual tablet
537:
532:
529:
518:
514:
510:
505:
494:
486:
482:
478:
474:
471:
467:
461:
454:INRI and ΙΝΒΙ
453:
451:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
433:Matthew 27:42
425:
423:
421:
420:Matthew 27:42
417:
413:
409:
408:Luke 23:36–37
404:
402:
397:
395:
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
374:Mark 15:17–19
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
353:
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
313:
309:
304:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:Matthew 27:11
281:
277:
269:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
240:
238:
234:
233:Matthew 2:7–8
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
214:Biblical Magi
211:
205:
201:
193:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
162:
159:, Latin, and
158:
157:Jewish tongue
154:
150:
149:Matthew 27:37
146:
142:
138:
134:
133:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:to order the
109:
105:
101:
100:Biblical Magi
97:
93:
88:
80:
79:
75:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
53:New Testament
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
29:Tyrian purple
26:
21:
2570:
2489:
2468:
2447:
2419:
2396:
2377:
2353:
2332:
2312:
2289:
2275:
2255:
2231:
2210:
2181:
2160:
2149:
2128:
2118:
2112:
2092:
2072:
2048:
2024:
2001:
1969:
1949:
1921:
1901:
1881:
1857:
1845:
1833:
1826:Quigley 2015
1821:
1814:Ellmann 2010
1809:
1797:
1790:Crowley 1909
1785:
1773:
1761:. Retrieved
1756:
1747:
1735:. Retrieved
1730:
1721:
1709:
1689:
1677:
1665:
1653:
1641:
1619:De Bles 1925
1614:
1602:
1590:
1578:
1566:
1554:
1542:
1530:
1523:Robbins 1996
1518:
1506:
1494:
1433:
1404:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1356:
1352:
1250:
1090:
1074:
1070:
1056:
1047:
1038:
1020:
1013:neo-paganism
1006:
996:
948:gave "INRI"
946:Rosicrucians
935:
907:
836:
831:
827:Rex Iudæorum
826:
821:
809:
802:
797:
792:
787:
659:
654:
648:
609:
600:
584:
570:
557:
546:, mother of
544:Saint Helena
533:
492:
490:
445:
441:Roman Empire
429:
405:
401:early Church
398:
384:
382:
355:
344:
327:
323:
319:
317:
279:
278:, the title
273:
264:Matthew 2:16
256:Matthew 2:13
254:into Egypt (
241:
230:
207:
184:translations
165:
130:
128:
89:
72:
60:
50:
32:
31:robe as the
2647:Eschatology
2637:Christology
2576:Lamb of God
2114:The Equinox
2096:. Watkins.
2044:Brown, R.E.
2020:Brown, R.E.
1850:McBain 2017
1714:Wegner 2004
1682:Safrai 2006
1595:Senior 1985
1535:France 2007
1511:Breuer 2006
1472:Hengel 2004
1453:France 2007
1438:Boxall 2007
1262: 1510
1156:John 19:2–3
1125:Matthew 2:2
1063:Molly Bloom
1053:James Joyce
1009:Hermeticism
942:Freemasonry
912:, the word
687:Царь Сла́вы
589:, both the
378:John 19:2–3
222:Matthew 2:2
204:Matthew 2:8
200:Matthew 2:7
106:", causing
45:van Baburen
2626:Categories
2611:Son of man
2606:Son of God
2286:"Part Two"
1802:Bloom 1989
1658:Weiss 1969
1583:Brown 1988
1547:Brown 1994
1331:References
1249:Detail of
952:meanings:
950:alchemical
938:backronyms
902:See also:
740:Luke 23:38
735:Mark 15:26
575:Gero Cross
513:John 19:20
509:John 19:19
437:Mark 15:32
394:John 19:12
389:John 19:12
347:John 19:21
340:John 18:36
336:John 18:34
308:John 19:20
297:John 18:33
248:take Jesus
228:of Judea.
218:King Herod
174:, and the
153:John 19:20
145:John 19:19
2438:0344-6727
2380:. BRILL.
2315:. Brill.
2201:122701585
2075:. BRILL.
1989:171110263
1559:Binz 2004
1425:Citations
1357:Hebraisti
1141:Mark 15:2
1093:isopsephy
1087:Isopsephy
1067:Ed McBain
1025:Augoeides
860:Languages
602:sui iuris
332:Mark 15:2
314:, Germany
293:Luke 23:3
289:Mark 15:2
226:Bethlehem
69:John 19:3
2601:Almighty
2046:(1994).
2022:(1988).
1941:56392998
1763:16 March
1737:17 March
1385:Ἑβραϊστί
1369:Ἑβραϊστί
1353:Ἑβραϊστί
1288:See also
712:Matthew
605:use the
593:and the
473:crucifix
188:Ioudaioi
168:gentiles
161:Hellenic
78:Ioudaion
74:Basileus
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1872:Sources
1381:Syristi
1377:Συριστί
1365:Aramaic
1359:), the
1315:Ichthys
1217:Austria
1105:Gallery
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1058:Ulysses
970:Latin
910:Spanish
564:titulus
481:Meteora
477:Trapeza
446:In the
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324:kingdom
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988:Hebrew
976:("the
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244:Joseph
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2290:Doors
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1071:Doors
1011:, or
978:nitre
816:Latin
726:Verse
721:John
718:Luke
715:Mark
696:Slávy
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2197:OCLC
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667:ІНЦІ
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