353:
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423:, Cobb lobbied to be allowed to train alongside the men. At the time, however, NASA requirements for entry into the astronaut program were that the applicant be a military test pilot, experienced at high-speed military test flying, and have an engineering background, enabling them to take over controls in the event it became necessary. Since all military test pilots were men at the time, that effectively excluded women. Liz Carpenter, the executive assistant to Vice President
33:
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flight as well, to determine whether the same effects witnessed in men would be witnessed in women. At 67, Cobb, who had passed the same tests as John Glenn, petitioned NASA for the chance to participate in such a space flight, but NASA stated "it had no plans to involve additional senior citizens in upcoming launches". Many aviators and
1950:
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environment on the body of an aged individual. Specifically, NASA wanted to see whether the effects of weightlessness had positive consequences on the balance, metabolism, blood flow, and other bodily functions of an elderly person. Cobb believed that it was necessary to send an aged woman on a space
391:
Although she never flew in space, Cobb, along with twenty-four other women, underwent physical tests similar to those taken by the
Mercury astronauts with the belief that she might become an astronaut trainee. All the women who participated in the program, known as First Lady Astronaut Trainees, were
493:
While independent filmmaker Mary
Haverstick was researching a documentary she wanted to make about Cobb in 2009 to 2011, she was warned by a high-ranking woman from the US Department of Defense not to delve too deeply into Cobb's life. Her curiosity aroused, further research led Haverstick to
416:. Soon afterward, Tereshkova ridiculed Cobb for her religious beliefs but sympathized with the sexism she encountered: "They (American leaders) shout at every turn about their democracy and at the same time they announce they will not let a woman into space. This is open inequality."
498:, shared an extraordinary amount of biographical detail with Jerrie Cobb. In a subsequent interview, Jerrie Cobb denied she was June Cobb, but said, "I heard she impersonated me for a while." When Haverstick suggested that June Cobb had flown a plane waiting at
172:, Cobb was the daughter of Lt. Col. William H. Cobb and Helena Butler Stone Cobb. From birth, Cobb was on the move, as is common for many children of military families. Weeks after she was born, Cobb's family moved to Washington, D.C., where her grandfather,
1428:
153:
Cobb set three aviation records in her 20s: the 1959 world record for non-stop long-distance flight, the 1959 world light-plane speed record, and a 1960 world altitude record for lightweight aircraft of 37,010 feet (11,280 m). In 1960,
455:
rain forests, using self-drawn maps that guided her over uncharted territory larger than the United States". She has been honored by the
Brazilian, Colombian, Ecuadorian, French, and Peruvian governments. In 1981, she was nominated for the
1301:
1414:
1331:
2019:
447:, performing humanitarian flying (e.g., transporting supplies to indigenous tribes), as well as surveying new air routes to remote areas. Cobb "pioneered new air routes across the hazardous
408:
stated at the hearing that "men go off and fight the wars and fly the airplanes", and "the fact that women are not in this field is a fact of our social order". Only a few months later, the
375:
Although Cobb successfully completed all three stages of physical and psychological evaluation that were used in choosing the first seven
Mercury astronauts, it was not an official
180:. After Ulysses Stone lost a re-election bid, the family moved back to Oklahoma, where he and Cobb's father worked as automobile salesmen. Once the United States became involved in
510:, Jerrie Cobb reacted strongly, but gathered herself and said, "I was at the Redbird Airport." Haverstick has concluded that Jerrie Cobb was a spy who used the name June Cobb.
234:. Sleeping under the Cub's wing at night, she helped scrape together money for fuel to practise her flying by giving rides. By the age of 17, while a student at Oklahoma City
2039:
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of the time believed that was a failed chance for NASA to right a wrong they had committed years before, but Cobb never reached her ultimate goal of space flight.
1626:
404:
In 1962, Cobb was called to testify before a
Congressional hearing, the Special Subcommittee on the Selection of Astronauts, about female astronauts. Astronaut
327:
aircraft that she used in her record-making feats. She was one of the few female executives in aviation. By 1960, she had accrued 7,000 hours of flying time.
338:
had no female pilots so, in an attempt to win over passengers, the airline invited Cobb to fly the aircraft on a highly publicized four-hour test, her first
334:, American Airlines' marketing department identified that the aircraft's reputation was poor among women, which was adversely affecting passenger bookings.
247:
356:
Jerrie Cobb operating the Multi-Axis Space Test
Inertia Facility (MASTIF) at the Lewis Research Center in Ohio. The test simulated bringing a spinning
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and the return of many qualified male pilots after World War II, Cobb took on less-sought-after flying jobs, such as patrolling pipelines and
2004:
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program, and she was unable to rally support in
Congress for adding women to the astronaut program. At the time, Cobb had flown 64 types of
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862:
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640:
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without official NASA sanction. Cobb passed all the training exercises, ranking in the top 2% of all astronaut candidates of both genders.
320:
538:, in which Cobb becomes the first American woman in space. Episode four of the first season, "Prime Crew", is dedicated to her memory.
312:
Cobb played women's softball for money on a semi-professional team, the
Oklahoma City Queens, to save up to buy a surplus World War II
1713:
1652:
1369:
957:
842:
995:
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Amelia
Earhart's Daughters: the Wild and Glorious Story of American Women Aviators from World War II to the Dawn of the Space Age
503:
2009:
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595:
464:
2014:
647:
189:
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under control, and was one of many that the women of the
Mercury 13 went through in order to qualify for space flight.
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MC 974; Vt-260; DVD-147. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
1756:
196:, before finally returning to Oklahoma after World War II, where Cobb spent the majority of her childhood in
1423:
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Honored by the government of Ecuador for pioneering new air routes over the Andes Mountains and Andes jungle
1085:
396:, a NASA scientist who had conducted the official Mercury program physicals, administered the tests at his
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at an early age, with her pilot father's encouragement. She first flew at age twelve, in her father's open
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Qualifications for Astronauts: Hearings before the Special Subcommittee on the Selection of Astronauts
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conducted an unsuccessful campaign to send Cobb into space to investigate the effects of aging, as
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146:, a group of women who underwent physiological screening tests at the same time as the original
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1979: Bishop Wright Air Industry Award for her "humanitarian contributions to modern aviation".
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A Woman I Know – Female Spies, Double Identities, and a New Story of the Kennedy Assassination
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named her as one of nine women of the "100 most important young people in the United States".
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522:, (revised in 2019) tells the story of Jerrie Cobb and her struggle to become an astronaut.
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On March 18, 2019, thirteen days after her 88th birthday, Cobb died at her home in Florida.
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The Mercury 13: The Untold Story of Thirteen American Women and the Dream of Space Flight
1302:"Jerrie Cobb, decorated pilot once in line to become first female astronaut, dies at 88"
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Received Pioneer Woman Award for her "courageous frontier spirit" flying all over the
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Fighting for Space : Two Pilots and Their Historic Battle for Female Spaceflight
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Ackmann, Martha (November 1998). "Right Stuff, Wrong Time: Mercury 13 Women Wait".
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670:"Jerrie Cobb, Record-Breaking Pilot and Advocate for Female Spaceflight, Has Died"
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The Mercury 13: The True Story of Thirteen Women and the Dream of Space Flight
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2000: inducted into "Women in Aviation International Pioneer Hall of Fame".
900:
774:"Astronaut Jerrie Cobb, The Mercury 13 Were NASA's First Women Astronauts"
546:
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204:
1243:"Jerrie Cobb, one of the most gifted female pilots in history, has died"
1131:
Promised the Moon: The Untold Story of the First Women in the Space Race
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portrays the character Molly Cobb, based on Jerrie Cobb, in the 2019
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and the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale's Gold Wings Award.
1272:"Geraldyn M. Cobb, Who Found a Glass Ceiling in Space, Dies at 88"
578:
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1419:
women's dreams of traveling into space wind up lost in the stars"
376:
230:, dropping leaflets over little towns announcing the arrival of
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had done. Glenn's main purpose was to observe the effects of a
1706:
Right Stuff, Wrong Sex: America's First Women in Space Program
1496:
1475:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"
1790:
975:"America's 1st Female Astronaut Candidate, Jerrie Cobb, dies"
150:
astronauts, and was the first to complete each of the tests.
899:. University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma. Archived from
1497:
jerrie_cobb_facts.html "Jerrie Cobb, Facts" (autobiography)
1332:"Space, secrets and the CIA: who was the real Jerrie Cobb?"
246:
a year later, on her 18th birthday. In 1948, Cobb attended
1102:. Candlewick Press, Somerville, Massachusetts, 2009 p. 64.
570:
Named Pilot of the Year by the National Pilots Association
349:
appointed Cobb as a consultant to the NASA space program.
1045:"Why Did the Mercury 13 Astronauts Never Fly in Space?"
330:
In November 1960, following a number of crashes of the
1063:"Girl Cosmonaut Ridicules Praying of U.S. Woman Pilot"
483:
Cobb received numerous aviation honors, including the
1938:
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By 1959, at age 28, Cobb was a pilot and manager for
439:
Cobb then began over 30 years of missionary work in
419:
Along with other Mercury 13 participants, including
301:
When Cobb became the first woman to fly in the 1959
130:(March 5, 1931 – March 18, 2019), commonly known as
1904:
1828:
761:
Internet Encyclopedia of Science, Aviation Pioneers
113:
95:
84:
68:
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23:
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1034:, U.S. House of Representatives, 87th Cong. (1962)
826:
2020:University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma alumni
1113:"The Space Review: You've come a long way, baby!"
573:Fourth American to be awarded Gold Wings of the
203:As a child growing up in Oklahoma, Cobb took to
604:for "The Worlds Best Woman Pilot" by President
389:
387:, in the back seat. As a NASA historian wrote:
184:, Cobb's family moved once again, this time to
1100:Almost Astronauts: 13 Women Who Dared to Dream
286:license. At the age of 21, she was delivering
1806:
1627:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
756:
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594:1962: received the Golden Plate Award of the
8:
1771:https://www.thoughtco.com/errie-cobb-3072207
1744:Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
1499:, jerrie-cobb.org. Accessed March 13, 2010
619:as "the Most Outstanding Aviatrix in the US
1813:
1799:
1791:
1666:Haynsworth, Leslie; Toomey, David (1998).
996:"Jerrie Cobb Poses beside Mercury Capsule"
833:. Random House Trade Paperbacks. pp.
427:, drafted a letter to NASA administrator,
31:
20:
16:American aviator and astronaut (1931–2019)
2040:Classen School of Advanced Studies alumni
1329:Haverstick, Mary (November 11–12, 2023).
694:
692:
690:
1442:Miller, Liz Shannon (November 8, 2019).
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
776:JohnShepler.com. Accessed March 12, 2010
564:Amelia Earhart Gold Medal of Achievement
188:, where Cobb's father joined his active
1945:
1670:. New York: William Morrow Publishers.
1269:Seelye, Katharine Q. (April 19, 2019).
1236:
1234:
881:– via jerrie-cobb-foundation.org.
660:
2035:American women aviation record holders
1689:. New York: Grand Central Publishing.
575:Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
192:unit. The family later moved again to
178:United States House of Representatives
1145:
1143:
856:
854:
7:
504:the day President Kennedy was killed
383:, but had made only one flight in a
316:so that she could be self-employed.
1754:http://www.mercury13.com/jerrie.htm
1516:Krebs, Albin (September 21, 1973).
1431:from the original on April 8, 2019.
796:"Geraldyn M. "Jerrie" Cobb (1931–)"
567:Named Woman of the Year in Aviation
321:Aero Design and Engineering Company
1708:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
1625:from websites or documents of the
1154:The National Aviation Hall of Fame
668:Bartels, Meghan (April 19, 2019).
14:
412:sent the first woman into space,
2025:American aviation record holders
1972:
1960:
1948:
1749:The Jerrie Cobb Foundation, Inc.
1621: This article incorporates
1616:
1413:Herbert, James (April 5, 2019).
1387:"The Filmmaker and the Superspy"
1385:Andy Kroll (November 15, 2023).
1084:
825:Ackmann, Martha (July 1, 2004).
502:, Dallas, on November 22, 1963,
1607:University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh
1579:Women in Aviation International
1483:American Academy of Achievement
1241:Berger, Eric (April 18, 2019).
973:Dunn, Marcia (April 18, 2019).
869:(autobiography). Archived from
641:University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh
626:serving primitive Indian tribes
596:American Academy of Achievement
465:National Organization for Women
345:In May 1961 NASA Administrator
1341:(book extract). pp. 22–27
1137:Canada, Toronto, 2002. p. 300.
994:Hahn, Michael (May 13, 2010).
648:National Aviation Hall of Fame
1:
1785:Jerrie Cobb papers, 1931-2012
1225:The Christian Science Monitor
1199:"John Glenn Returns to Space"
1197:Wittry, Jan (April 3, 2015).
518:Laurel Ollstein's 2017 play,
494:discover that another woman,
2005:People from Norman, Oklahoma
1912:William Randolph Lovelace II
1704:Weitekamp, Margaret (2004).
1151:"Cobb, Geraldyn "Jerrie" M."
922:Davis, Lou (February 1961).
1338:Weekend Australian Magazine
1000:Great Images In NASA (GRIN)
602:Harmon International Trophy
460:for her humanitarian work.
309:Gold Medal of Achievement.
142:. She was also part of the
2056:
1766:Had NASA believed in merit
1736:"Cobb, Geraldyn M. 'Jerrie
1685:Teitel, Amy Shira (2020).
1549:jerrie-cobb-foundation.org
1545:"Jerrie Cobb – Fact Sheet"
1417:They Promised Her the Moon
1030:December 11, 2015, at the
520:They Promised Her the Moon
368:
290:fighters and four-engined
266:. She went on to earn her
248:Oklahoma College for Women
244:commercial pilot's license
168:Born on March 5, 1931, in
1730:Lovelace's Woman in Space
1503:October 17, 2014, at the
1448:Recap: The Glass Ceiling"
1360:Haverstick, Mary (2023).
1069:. July 7, 1963. p. 5
948:Serling, Robert (2017) .
924:"Electra On Public Trial"
121:
106:
30:
1639:Ackmann, Martha (2003).
1067:The Racine Journal-Times
646:2012: inducted into the
282:ratings, as well as her
1609:Accessed March 12, 2010
1424:San Diego Union-Tribune
867:Jerrie Cobb, Solo Pilot
763:Accessed March 12, 2010
240:private pilot's license
2010:Aviators from Oklahoma
1623:public domain material
1117:www.thespacereview.com
865:. In Dena Hall (ed.).
800:Hargrave, the Pioneers
703:. The Ninety-Nines Inc
402:
361:
332:Lockheed L-188 Electra
323:, which also made the
238:, Cobb had earned her
2015:Harmon Trophy winners
1759:May 26, 2019, at the
1227:– via ProQuest.
897:Hall of Fame Honorees
617:Oklahoma Hall of Fame
541:Cobb is portrayed by
355:
176:, was serving in the
174:Ulysses Stevens Stone
1518:"5 Top Pilots Cited"
1006:on December 24, 2011
873:on November 16, 2014
435:Later life and death
414:Valentina Tereshkova
392:skilled pilots. Dr.
186:Wichita Falls, Texas
1891:Jerri Sloan Truhill
1479:www.achievement.org
1308:The Washington Post
952:. Endeavour Media.
893:"Cobb, Jerrie 2003"
701:"Women in Aviation"
242:. She received her
236:Classen High School
190:U.S. National Guard
90:Classen High School
37:Jerrie Cobb with a
1926:Fighting for Space
1921:(2018 documentary)
1585:on January 2, 2010
1523:The New York Times
1392:The New York Times
1278:The New York Times
723:"Record free-fall"
615:Inducted into the
514:In popular culture
381:propeller aircraft
362:
260:sex discrimination
134:, was an American
1936:
1935:
1696:978-1-5387-1604-5
1677:978-0-688-15233-8
1604:Commendation-Cobb
1299:Smith, Harrison.
1129:Stephanie Nolen.
1098:Tanya Lee Stone.
950:The Electra Story
903:on August 9, 2018
804:Monash University
731:. August 29, 1960
637:Doctor of Science
530:alternate history
508:Lee Harvey Oswald
458:Nobel Peace Prize
425:Lyndon B. Johnson
336:American Airlines
284:airline transport
280:Ground Instructor
276:flight instructor
218:. At 16, she was
128:Geraldyn M. Cobb
125:
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1659:Internet Archive
1647:. Random House.
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170:Norman, Oklahoma
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552:The Right Stuff
535:For All Mankind
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500:Redbird Airport
449:Andes Mountains
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365:Medical testing
314:Fairchild PT-23
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108:Aviation career
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1829:Participants
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1657:– via
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1583:the original
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1248:Ars Technica
1246:
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1180:"Mercury 13"
1174:
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1158:the original
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1004:the original
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673:
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550:
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543:Mamie Gummer
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264:crop dusting
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224:Great Plains
220:barnstorming
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182:World War II
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127:
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114:First flight
107:
99:Part of the
74:(2019-03-18)
18:
2000:2019 deaths
1995:1931 births
1979:Spaceflight
1929:(2020 book)
1871:Jean Hixson
1841:Jerrie Cobb
1776:Jerrie Cobb
1459:January 19,
1398:January 15,
806:, Australia
679:January 19,
610:White House
385:jet fighter
298:worldwide.
294:to foreign
222:around the
132:Jerrie Cobb
79:Florida, US
25:Jerrie Cobb
2030:Mercury 13
1989:Categories
1918:Mercury 13
1856:Wally Funk
1822:Mercury 13
1732:, nasa.gov
1073:August 18,
1010:August 15,
933:October 8,
655:References
532:TV series
478:astronauts
469:John Glenn
406:John Glenn
371:Mercury 13
358:spacecraft
347:James Webb
296:air forces
272:instrument
198:Ponca City
164:Early life
144:Mercury 13
101:Mercury 13
53:1931-03-05
41:spacecraft
1955:Biography
1559:March 13,
1529:March 13,
1364:. Crown.
1284:April 21,
1254:April 19,
1208:April 19,
1164:April 18,
877:March 12,
810:March 12,
707:March 12,
674:Space.com
612:ceremony.
496:June Cobb
340:turboprop
85:Education
1967:Aviation
1757:Archived
1589:March 3,
1501:Archived
1429:Archived
1028:Archived
907:April 2,
342:flight.
288:military
232:circuses
205:aviation
1941:Portals
1905:Related
1453:Vulture
1314:May 11,
980:AP News
549:series
547:Disney+
292:bombers
258:Facing
216:biplane
209:cockpit
140:aviator
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587:Europe
583:France
559:Awards
453:Amazon
278:, and
254:Career
608:at a
579:Paris
443:with
226:in a
211:1936
136:pilot
1780:IMDb
1710:ISBN
1691:ISBN
1672:ISBN
1649:ISBN
1591:2010
1561:2010
1531:2010
1461:2020
1400:2024
1366:ISBN
1347:2023
1316:2023
1286:2019
1256:2019
1210:2019
1203:NASA
1166:2019
1075:2014
1012:2017
954:ISBN
935:2019
909:2015
879:2010
839:ISBN
812:2010
737:2023
728:Life
709:2010
681:2020
451:and
377:NASA
213:Waco
138:and
117:1943
69:Died
63:, US
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445:MAF
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