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993:
inalienability, with seven possessive markers reflecting different body-divisions. These markers appear as proclitics that classify a large number of nouns as dependent categories. It is proposed that the Great
Andamanese conceptualise their world through these interdependencies and thus the grammar encodes this important phenomenon in every grammatical category expressing referential, attributive and predicative meaning.
836:
1423:
2056:
With respect to the Great
Andamanese family, the use of proclitics in Great Andamanese language shows how the language family is unique in such a way that the body division markers that appear as proclitics pervade the entire grammatical system of the language, a fact not shared by any other known
230:
As the numbers of Great
Andamanese progressively declined over the succeeding decades, the various Great Andamanese tribes either disappeared altogether or became amalgamated through intermarriage. By 1994, the 38 remaining Great Andamanese who could trace their ancestry and culture back to the
992:
Great
Andamanese koiné is based primarily on Jeru, with lexical and grammatical influence from other North Great Andamanese languages (Aka-Bo, Aka-Kora and Aka-Cari). It is a head-marking polysynthetic and agglutinative language with a SOV pattern. It has a very elaborate system for marking
2956:
2372:
1370:
3188:
2639:
Mr. Pigeon stole a firebrand at Kuro-t'on-mika, while God was sleeping. He gave the brand to the late Lech, who then made fires at Karat-tatak-emin.
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2633:
Kuro-t'on-mika mom miritlaa, bilik laukoemat, peakar aatlo topchhike aat laiche lechhlin aa, kotik aa aukaukodaakchhine aatlo Karat-tatak-emin.
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1390:
2636:
kurot̪onmikɑ mom mirit̪lɑː, bilik lɔkɔemɑt̪, peɑkɑr ɑt̪lo topcʰike ɑt lɑice lecʰlin ɑ, kot̪ik ɑ ɔkɔkodɑːkcʰine ɑt̪lo kɑrɑt̪t̪ɑːt̪ɑkemiːn.
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2630:कूरोतोनमीका मोम मीरीतलाऽ, बीलीक लौकौएमात, पेआकार आतलो तोपछीके आत लैचे लेछलीन आ, कोतीक आ औकौकोडाऽकछीने आतलो कारातताऽताकेमीऽन।
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Body divisions in Great
Andamanese: Possessive classification, the semantics of inherency and grammaticalization
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based on several languages, of which Jeru was a primary component. The last fluent speaker, Nao, died in 2009.
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214:; the last semi-fluent speaker of this, Nao Jr., died in 2009. Aka-Jeru is the last surviving member of the
2875:
A sixth language family of India: Great
Andamanese, its historical status and salient present-day features
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The following is a sample text in
Present Great Andamanese, in Devanagari, the Latin script, and
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internalised action, when the effect of an action can be seen on the object, or experienced,
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are dialects of a singular language, with lexical correspondency between the two at 93%.
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Seven basic zones in the partonomy of the body and grammaticalisation process in PGA
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language, of the
Northern group. Jeru was spoken in the interior and south coast of
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631:
2812:"The Unique Structure of the Present Great Andamanese: An Overview of the Grammar"
2911:
A Grammar of
Akajeru : Fragments of a Traditional North Andamanese Dialect.
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of Aka-Jeru and other northern Great
Andamanese languages was once spoken on
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2836:, Centre for Linguistics Jawaharlal Nehru University, 2008, archived from
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A grammar of Akajeru: fragments of a traditional North Andamanese dialect
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3128:
2796:
Anvita Abbi (2006), "Endangered Languages of the Andaman Islands",
59:; interior and south North Andaman island, Sound island. Presently
1421:
888:
46:
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action which results in roundish object or in a definite result,
2938:
2726:. Grammars of world and minority languages. London: UCL Press.
246:
The resulting Great Andamanese language was based on Jeru or a
2133:
deictic meaning of adjacency, uncontrollable actions/emotions,
829:
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temporal deixis relating to 'sun rise' or directional deixis,
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hand-related activity, action to do with extremities of body,
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attributive quality of an X after a part is taken out of it,
2135:
e.g. er=betto:ʃo 'adjacent to/near X', er=achil 'surprised'
2107:
deictic meaning of front or back, anteriority of an action,
2185:
emerging out of something, deictic meaning of 'towards X',
2123:
activity in which the front part of the body is involved.
2234:
e.g. ara=pheʈkhetɔ 'big bellied', ara=kaʈa 'stout/dwarf'
2227:
action that involves side or middle portion of the body,
2156:
e.g. oŋ=karacay 'lame', 'handicapped', oŋ=toplo 'alone'
2151:
e.g. oŋ=cho 'stitch', oŋ=tuɟuro 'trembling of hands'
2047:
Column in yellow denotes loanword derived from Hindi
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2239:e.g. ara=balo 'behind X', tara=tal 'right under X'
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Khora–Bo–Jeru–Sare on a Jeru base
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2143:extreme ends of the body like toes and fingernails
2798:LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics, 64.) München
2237:deixis of immediate vertical or horizontal space,
231:original tribes belonged to only three of them (
2258:external attribute of an X, shape or structure,
2177:e.g. ut=cone 'leave', ut=ʈheʈhe-bom 'be hungry'
918:last semi-fluent speaker, Nao Jr., died in 2009
2816:VOGA(Vanishing Voices of the Great Andamanese)
2102:mouth-related attributive quality of a person,
2950:
2175:directional, away from the ego, experiential,
218:. According to a grammar on Aka-Jeru, it and
8:
2232:attribute of size, 'time' and belly-related,
2221:parts designating round shape/sexual organs
2169:bodily products and part-whole relationship
843:It has been suggested that this section be
2978:
2957:
2943:
2935:
2260:e.g. o=baloŋ 'round', o=phelala 'slippery'
2109:e.g. a=karap 'behind', a=kaulu 'prior to'
868:
819:for more general grammatical description.
168:
29:
2749:Tribal Development in the Andaman Islands
2923:Vanishing Voices of the Great Andamanese
2717:Zamponi, Raoul; Comrie, Bernard (2021).
2392:
2275:
2265:e.g. o=ʈɔ: 'day break', o=kara 'sunset'
2187:e.g. ot=le, 'seaward' ot=bo 'backwards'
2059:
1435:
1130:
1012:
602:
265:
27:Nearly extinct Great Andamanese language
2752:, page 75. Sarup & Sons, New Delhi.
2649:
2255:e.g. o=cɔrno 'make nest', o=beo 'sting'
2211:deictic meaning of 'in the middle of X'
263:Aka-Jeru has the following consonants:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2182:e.g. ut=lile 'decay', ut=lɔkho 'bare'
2099:e.g. a=ɟire 'abuse', a=kopho 'sprout'
847:out into another article titled
7:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2285:Present Great Andamanese place name
2128:attribute of size, external beauty,
2104:e.g. a=mu 'mute', a=tutlup 'greedy'
600:Aka-Jeru has the following vowels:
2161:e.g. oŋ=kocil 'fast', 'hurriedly'
25:
2208:e.g. e=sare 'salty', ɛ=bɛn 'soft'
2203:e.g. e=lɛco 'suck', ɛ=rino 'tear'
1405:
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2247:parts for legs and related terms
2091:mouth and its semantic extension
834:
3189:Languages written in Devanagari
2213:e.g. te=khil, e=kotra 'inside'
2097:mouth-related activity, origin,
3184:Languages extinct in the 2000s
2057:language of the world so far.
1:
3112:Unclassified (presumed to be
2272:Great Andamanese place names
2154:attributes related to limbs,
2229:e.g. ara=ɖelo 'be pregnant'
3205:
3169:Great Andamanese languages
1010:has a seven-vowel system.
817:Great Andamanese languages
216:Great Andamanese languages
192:, not to be confused with
3174:Extinct languages of Asia
3138:
2130:e.g. er=buŋoi 'beautiful'
2117:major external body parts
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2206:inherent attribute of X,
3164:Agglutinative languages
2785:(subscription required)
2772:(subscription required)
2282:Contemporary place name
2069:Partonomy of human body
1989:White-bellied Sea-Eagle
204:and on Sound Island. A
2857:. VOGA. Archived from
2775:Mixed Great Andamanese
2687:Mixed Great Andamanese
2195:organs inside the body
2017:Oriental Honey Buzzard
1427:
985:Mixed Great Andamanese
872:Mixed Great Andamanese
850:Mixed Great Andamanese
2909:Raoul Zamponi. 2022.
2746:A. N. Sharma (2003),
2003:Pacific Golden Plover
1425:
1006:The Great Andamanese
2966:Andamanese languages
2889:Anvita Abbi (2011),
2872:Anvita Abbi (2018),
2810:Anvita Abbi (2009),
2626:kɑrɑt̪t̪ɑːt̪ɑkemiːn.
2301:South Andaman Island
2052:Grammatical features
2395:
2278:
2125:e.g. er=luk 'weigh'
2062:
1437:
1259:voiceless aspirated
1133:
1015:
390:voiceless aspirated
3179:Languages of India
3090:(South Andamanese)
2830:Andamani Varnamala
2393:
2346:Bilikhu Taraphong
2276:
2159:Indicating manner,
2060:
1485:snake (king cobra)
1436:
1428:
1131:
1013:
3151:
3150:
3145:extinct languages
3082:
3081:
2929:Aka-Jeru language
2861:on March 1, 2024.
2843:on April 22, 2021
2783:(18th ed., 2015)
2770:(18th ed., 2015)
2733:978-1-80008-093-5
2695:(23rd ed., 2020)
2665:(23rd ed., 2020)
2623:Karat-tatak-emin.
2620:कारातताऽताकेमीऽन।
2601:aukaukodaakchhine
2428:
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2391:
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877:Great Andamanese
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196:), is a moribund
176:
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16:(Redirected from
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2974:Great Andamanese
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2354:(Shaheed Island)
2342:Interview Island
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2074:division markers
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2383:Landfall Island
2363:Baratang Island
2333:(Swaraj Island)
2331:Havelock Island
2291:Andaman Islands
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1947:waist jewellery
1905:tusked male pig
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188:(also known as
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88:Language family
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1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1403:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1367:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1349:
1347:
1340:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1142:
1137:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1112:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1094:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1071:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1048:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
988:
987:
982:
976:
975:
968:
960:
959:
952:
944:
943:
942:Language codes
939:
938:
932:
930:
923:
920:
919:
916:
910:
909:
906:
902:
901:
896:
892:
891:
886:
885:Native to
882:
881:
874:
873:
865:
864:
842:
840:
833:
827:
821:
812:
809:
806:
805:
803:
801:
794:
787:
785:
783:
777:
776:
769:
762:
760:
758:
751:
744:
738:
737:
730:
723:
721:
719:
712:
705:
699:
698:
691:
684:
682:
680:
673:
666:
660:
659:
652:
647:
640:
635:
628:
622:
621:
616:
611:
606:
597:
594:
591:
590:
588:
581:
579:
572:
570:
568:
562:
561:
559:
557:
555:
548:
546:
544:
538:
537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
527:
525:
519:
518:
516:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
493:
492:
490:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
468:
462:
461:
459:
457:
450:
448:
441:
434:
426:
425:
418:
416:
409:
407:
400:
393:
385:
384:
377:
375:
368:
366:
359:
352:
345:
339:
338:
331:
324:
322:
315:
313:
306:
300:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
260:
257:
255:
252:
227:
224:
174:
173:
165:
164:
157:
149:
148:
141:
136:
133:
132:
125:
117:
116:
115:Language codes
112:
111:
109:
108:
107:
106:
94:
92:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
54:
50:
49:
44:
43:Native to
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3201:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3146:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3085:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2960:
2955:
2953:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2894:
2893:
2885:
2882:
2877:
2876:
2868:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2839:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2789:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2722:
2721:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2650:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2598:औकौकोडाऽकछीने
2594:
2591:
2588:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2430:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2336:Thi Lar Siro
2335:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2321:Strait Island
2319:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2271:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:ʈɔlom-tut-bio
2022:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1880:yephaay taich
1879:
1877:strewn leaves
1876:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1426:PGA varnamala
1424:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1001:
996:
994:
986:
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
967:
966:
961:
957:
953:
950:
945:
940:
935:
931:
927:
921:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
900:
899:Strait Island
897:
893:
890:
887:
883:
880:
875:
870:
861:
856:
852:
851:
846:
841:
832:
831:
826:
822:
820:
818:
810:
804:
802:
799:
795:
792:
788:
786:
784:
782:
779:
778:
774:
770:
767:
763:
761:
759:
756:
752:
749:
745:
743:
740:
739:
735:
731:
728:
724:
722:
720:
717:
713:
710:
706:
704:
701:
700:
696:
692:
689:
685:
683:
681:
678:
674:
671:
667:
665:
662:
661:
657:
653:
648:
645:
641:
636:
633:
629:
624:
623:
620:
615:
610:
604:
601:
595:
589:
586:
582:
580:
577:
573:
571:
569:
567:
563:
560:
558:
556:
553:
549:
547:
545:
543:
539:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
526:
524:
520:
517:
514:
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
499:
495:
494:
491:
488:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
473:
469:
467:
463:
460:
458:
455:
451:
449:
446:
442:
439:
435:
432:
428:
427:
423:
419:
417:
414:
410:
408:
405:
401:
398:
394:
391:
387:
386:
382:
378:
376:
373:
369:
367:
364:
360:
357:
353:
350:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
329:
325:
323:
320:
316:
314:
311:
307:
305:
301:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
267:
264:
258:
253:
251:
249:
244:
242:
238:
234:
225:
223:
221:
217:
213:
212:Strait Island
209:
208:
203:
202:North Andaman
199:
195:
191:
187:
186:
181:
180:Jeru language
171:
166:
162:
158:
156:
155:
150:
146:
142:
139:
138:Linguist List
134:
130:
126:
123:
118:
113:
105:
102:
101:
99:
98:
97:
93:
89:
83:
80:3 (2020)
79:
73:
69:
65:
62:
61:Strait Island
58:
55:
51:
48:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
3140:
3127:
3071:
3064:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3007:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2910:
2904:Bibliography
2891:
2884:
2874:
2867:
2859:the original
2855:"GA Lexicon"
2849:
2838:the original
2829:
2823:
2815:
2805:
2797:
2791:
2778:
2765:
2757:
2747:
2742:
2719:
2690:
2660:
2652:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2450:kurot̪onmikɑ
2449:
2446:
2443:
2434:
2404:Laotara Nyo
2373:Bluff Island
2352:Neill Island
2325:Khringkosho
2315:Ilumu Tauro
2055:
1835:green turtle
1433:vocabulary:
1430:
1429:
1007:
1005:
991:
963:
878:
859:
848:
824:
814:
599:
262:
245:
229:
205:
189:
184:
183:
179:
177:
152:
103:
3123:Sentinelese
2878:, UCT Press
2444:कूरोतोनमीका
2431:Sample text
2357:Tebi Shiro
1984:सारेकातेयो
1942:लूरो, वूरो
1908:ratairlauto
1886:येफाऽय तैच
1883:jepʰaːj tɛc
1849:grey pigeon
1760:दीकीरासेनी
1527:fishing net
1452:Devanagari
1385:Approximant
1132:Consonants
566:Approximant
18:Jeru people
3158:Categories
3048:A-Pucikwar
2931:- Omniglot
2780:Ethnologue
2767:Ethnologue
2692:Ethnologue
2662:Ethnologue
2644:References
2494:lɔkɔemɑt̪,
2491:laukoemat,
2472:mirit̪lɑː,
2424:Rait Phor
2420:Mayabunder
2414:Thitaumul
2400:Port Blair
2387:Mauntenga
2080:Adjectives
1981:sarekatejo
1978:sarekateyo
1939:luro, wuro
1936:luro, wuro
1914:रातैरलौतो
1757:dikiraseni
1754:dikiraseni
1718:डीरीम राऽ
1418:Vocabulary
1127:Consonants
860:(May 2024)
259:Consonants
3143:indicate
3073:Akar-Bale
3041:Oko-Juwoi
2524:topchhike
2488:लौकौएमात,
2469:miritlaa,
2466:मीरीतलाऽ,
2295:Marakele
1992:karatchom
1975:crocodile
1911:ratɛrlɔto
1844:बेलोटौरौ
1838:belotauro
1715:ɖirim raː
1712:dirim raa
1709:black pig
1336:Fricative
1215:voiceless
1155:Retroflex
1062:Close-mid
997:Phonology
965:Glottolog
949:ISO 639-3
908:60 (2020)
905:Ethnicity
703:Close-mid
523:Fricative
472:voiceless
466:Affricate
349:voiceless
287:Retroflex
254:Phonology
154:Glottolog
122:ISO 639-3
67:Ethnicity
3058:Southern
3027:Aka-Kede
3003:Aka-Jeru
2997:Aka-Kora
2990:Aka-Cari
2982:Northern
2762:Aka-Jeru
2557:lechhlin
2527:topcʰike
2410:Diglipur
2305:Sorobul
2277:Islands
2083:Adverbs
2031:Whimbrel
1995:karaʈcom
1956:शीरबेले
1950:shirbele
1841:beloʈɔrɔ
1779:mushroom
1765:mosquito
1751:scorpion
1611:betelnut
1572:kauroing
1564:कालाटौप
1508:एकाजीरा
1471:housefly
1150:Alveolar
1085:Open-mid
972:mixe1288
742:Open-mid
282:Alveolar
220:Aka-Cari
185:Aka-Jeru
161:akaj1239
145:akj.html
100:Northern
38:Aka-Jeru
3141:Italics
3066:Aka-Bea
3034:Aka-Kol
3019:Central
2895:, UJBPC
2560:lecʰlin
2521:तोपछीके
2394:Places
2250:o= ~ ɔ=
2066:Classes
2034:chautot
2012:चैलेले
2006:chelele
1998:करटचोम
1953:ʃirbele
1863:rooster
1830:फाराको
1827:pʰarako
1824:pharako
1816:फोरूबे
1813:pʰorube
1810:phorube
1796:phatkaa
1625:dolphin
1583:coconut
1578:कौरौईञ
1561:kalaʈɔp
1558:kalatop
1505:ekaɟira
1502:ekajira
1460:aaracha
1209:Plosive
1160:Palatal
1027:Central
1014:Vowels
914:Extinct
855:Discuss
811:Grammar
614:Central
343:Plosive
292:Palatal
226:History
3129:Jangil
3098:Jarawa
3009:Aka-Bo
2925:- VOGA
2730:
2582:kot̪ik
2554:लेछलीन
2546:laiche
2505:peɑkɑr
2502:peakar
2499:पेआकार
2377:Lurua
2198:e=, ɛ=
2040:चौटोट
2009:cɛlele
1891:bamboo
1866:maucho
1858:मीरीत
1802:फाटका
1799:pʰaʈka
1695:sunset
1690:ठातात
1687:ʈʰatat
1684:thatat
1681:tongue
1648:जीबेट
1606:ङौरतौ
1600:ngorto
1592:खीदेर
1589:kʰider
1586:khider
1575:kɔrɔiɲ
1569:dugong
1499:chilli
1494:ऊलूखू
1491:ulukʰu
1488:ulukhu
1480:ईजीबू
1466:आराचा
1298:voiced
1145:Dental
1140:Labial
1002:Vowels
895:Region
596:Vowels
542:Rhotic
498:voiced
431:voiced
277:Dental
272:Labial
248:creole
239:, and
194:Järawa
190:Yerawa
53:Region
3114:Ongan
3088:Ongan
2841:(PDF)
2834:(PDF)
2724:(PDF)
2615:ɑt̪lo
2612:aatlo
2579:kotik
2576:कोतीक
2549:lɑice
2516:ɑt̪lo
2513:aatlo
2483:bilik
2480:bilik
2477:बीलीक
2077:Verbs
2037:cɔʈoʈ
1970:शूबी
1964:shubi
1961:snake
1919:smoke
1872:मौचौ
1855:mirit
1852:mirit
1788:पाता
1774:नीफो
1771:nipʰo
1768:nipho
1726:taich
1676:टाका
1667:heron
1662:ञूरे
1656:nyure
1645:ɟibeʈ
1642:jibet
1614:chaum
1603:ŋɔrtɔ
1555:snail
1522:ऐरेन
1516:airen
1477:iɟibu
1474:ijibu
1463:araca
1441:Gloss
1431:Koiné
1363:Trill
1172:Nasal
1165:Velar
1039:Close
1022:Front
1008:koiné
934:Mixed
889:India
879:koiné
845:split
825:koiné
664:Close
650:short
638:short
626:short
609:Front
304:Nasal
297:Velar
207:koiné
47:India
3103:Önge
2728:ISBN
2657:Jeru
2609:आतलो
2543:लैचे
2510:आतलो
2367:Boa
2224:ara=
2072:Body
1967:ʃubi
1933:fire
1928:लेप
1900:रैट
1869:mɔcɔ
1821:rope
1807:frog
1793:crow
1785:pata
1782:pata
1746:थून
1743:tʰun
1740:thun
1732:तौच
1723:leaf
1704:डीऊ
1673:ʈaka
1670:taka
1659:ɲure
1653:fish
1634:चोआ
1628:choa
1620:चौम
1597:road
1550:औलो
1544:aulo
1536:ओचो
1530:ocho
1519:ɛren
1513:deer
1457:nest
1108:Open
1032:Back
815:See
781:Open
656:long
644:long
632:long
619:Back
241:Cari
233:Jeru
178:The
104:Jeru
70:Jeru
33:Jeru
2777:at
2764:at
2689:at
2659:at
2568:aa,
2535:aat
2461:mom
2458:mom
2455:मोम
2437:IPA
2172:ut=
2146:oŋ=
2120:ɛr=
1925:lep
1922:lep
1897:rɛʈ
1894:rat
1737:dew
1729:tɔc
1701:ɖiu
1698:diu
1639:bat
1631:coa
1617:cɔm
1547:ɔlo
1541:axe
1533:oco
1448:IPA
980:ELP
956:gac
853:. (
243:).
129:akj
3160::
2814:,
2707:^
2677:^
2590:aa
2571:ɑ,
2565:आ,
2538:ɑt
2532:आत
2439:.
2094:a=
1326:dʒ
1289:kʰ
1280:ʈʰ
1273:tʰ
1266:pʰ
1243:tʃ
857:)
798:aː
773:ɔː
755:ɛː
734:oː
716:eː
695:uː
677:iː
513:dʒ
487:tʃ
422:kʰ
413:ʈʰ
404:tʰ
397:pʰ
237:Bo
235:,
182:,
3116:)
2958:e
2951:t
2944:v
2736:.
2593:ɑ
2587:आ
2244:7
2218:6
2192:5
2166:4
2140:3
2114:2
2088:1
1407:j
1398:l
1391:w
1371:ɾ
1353:ʃ
1344:s
1319:ɖ
1312:d
1305:b
1250:k
1236:ʈ
1229:t
1222:p
1201:ŋ
1194:ɲ
1185:n
1178:m
1148:/
1116:a
1100:ɔ
1091:ɛ
1077:o
1068:e
1054:u
1045:i
791:a
766:ɔ
748:ɛ
727:o
709:e
688:u
670:i
585:j
576:l
552:r
454:ɖ
445:d
438:b
381:k
372:ʈ
363:t
356:p
335:ŋ
328:ɲ
319:n
310:m
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