Stereotypes of Jews - Knowledge (XXG)

814:. The focus of the stereotype was different than its precursors, too. Jewish writers had previously employed a stereotype of an overbearing matron, but its focus had always been not on the woman, but the ineffectual man whom she dominated, out of necessity. The focus of the Jewish mother stereotype that arose was based on a shift in the economic circumstances of American Jews during the 20th century. American Jews were no longer struggling first-generation immigrants, living in impoverished neighborhoods. The "soldier woman" work ethos of Jewish women, and the levels of anxiety and dramatization of their lives, were seen as unduly excessive for lifestyles that had (for middle-class Jews) become far more secure and suburban by the middle of the century. Jewish literature came to focus upon the differences between Jewish women and what Jews saw as being the various idealized views of American women, the "blonde bombshell", the "sex kitten", or the sweet docile "apple-pie" blonde who always supported her man. In contrast, Jewish writers viewed the still articulate and intelligent Jewish woman as being, by comparison, pushy, unrefined, and unattractive. 1081:

rinses". Zappa repeatedly denied antisemitic intention and refused to apologize on the basis that he did not invent the concept and further noted that women who fit the stereotype actually existed. In recent years, some Jewish women have made attempts to re-appropriate the term "JAP" and incorporate it as part of cultural identity. It has also been criticized as having a sexist basis, and for pejoratively branding young adult Jewish-American women as being spoiled and materialistic. Concerns about incidents of the JAP stereotype being pejoratively used at colleges and universities have been noted in newspapers, magazines and academic journals. The American television show

1424:, often had individuals express suspicion and hatred of the Jews. In the intellectual context, social scientists were asking questions like, "Will the Jews ever Lose their Racial Identity?" and, "Are the Jews an Inferior Race?" In 1938, according to opinion polls, about 50 percent of Americans had low opinions of Jews. Americans still believed the Jews to be untrustworthy and dishonest. Many hoped that the racial stereotypes would disappear if the Jews worked to mold themselves. A massive amount of effort was put towards Jewish charities, especially for new immigrants, in response to antisemitism in America. 1432:(ADL), released nationwide telephone surveys to analyse American beliefs on the Jews. The league concluded that in 2007, 15% of Americans, nearly 35 million adults, hold "unquestionably anti-Semitic" views about Jews. More than one quarter, 27% of Americans believe Jews were responsible for the death of Jesus. On a more positive note, many Americans have positive views towards the Jews on ethics and family. About 65% of Americans believe the Jews had a "special commitment to social justice and civil rights." About 79% of Americans believe the Jews put an "emphasis on the importance of family life." 869:, in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the stereotype of the Jewish mother has "gone missing" from movies. She observes that there appears to have been no conscious effort on the part of screenwriters or film-makers to rewrite or change the stereotype, in pursuance of some revisionist agenda, instead, it has simply fallen back a generation. Despite this, the concept of the Jewish mother can still be seen in popular culture even though it is declining in film. One use of the Jewish mother stereotype-trope can be seen in the popular television program 1568: 705:, with 128 European-born Jews, disclosed a wide variety of family structures and experiences, the publications resulting from this study and the many citations in the popular media resulted in the Jewish mother stereotype: a woman intensely loving but controlling to the point of smothering and attempting to engender enormous guilt in her children via the endless suffering which she professes to have experienced on their behalf. The Jewish mother stereotype, then, has origins in the American Jewish community, with predecessors that originated in 1077:

stereotype has been described as "a sexually repressive, self-centered, materialistic and lazy female," who is "spoiled, overly-concerned with appearance, and indifferent to sex", the last being her most notable trait. The stereotype also portrays relationships with weak men who are easily controlled and willing to spend large amounts of money and energy in order to recreate the dynamic which she had during her upbringing. These men tend to be completely content with catering to her endless needs for food, material possessions, and attention.

1468:. Modder asserts that writers invariably "reflect the attitude of contemporary society in their presentation of the Jewish character and that the portrayal changes with the economic and social changes of each decade." In opposition to Modder's "historical rationale", Rosenberg warns that such a perspective "is apt to slight the massive durability of a stereotype". Harap suggests that the recurrence of the Jewish stereotype in literature is itself one indicator of the continued presence of anti-Semitism amongst those who consume literature. 1472: 1460:(1779) as the first time that Jews were portrayed in the arts as "human beings, with human possibilities and characteristics." Harap writes that the persistence of the Jewish stereotype over the centuries suggests to some that "the treatment of the Jew in literature was completely static and was essentially unaffected by the changes in the Jewish situation in society as that society itself changed." He contrasts the opposing views presented in the two most comprehensive studies of Jewish characters in English literature, one by 395: 1204:

from the belief that circumcision was equivalent to castration. Jewish men have often been assigned feminine physical and mental traits in order to designate them as deficient in comparison to the dominant idea of masculinity. For example, in the late 1900s, Jewish men were depicted with narrow chests, chubbiness, and hysteria, all of which were traditionally female characteristics. The idea that Jewish men were effeminate even made its way into Nazi racial theories that adopted Austrian philosopher

1397:, specifically, improved the image of Jews in the eyes of the early Americans that allowed them into their homes, fed them food, and sometimes let them stay the night in their home. Peddling gave the chance to shed outward appearance stereotypes. Commentators noted they often wore a waistcoat and tie, with a top hat on their heads. For they understood a customer would be less likely to open their door to a shabby, dirty man, than a man in an elegant dress. 154: 223:. While the depiction of the hooked-nose originated in the 13th century, it had an uprooting in European imagery many centuries later. The earliest record of anti-Jewish caricature is a detailed doodle depicted in the upper margin of the Exchequer Receipt Roll (English royal tax record) in 1233. It shows three demented-looking Jews inside a castle as well as a Jew in the middle of the castle with a large nose. The satirical antisemitic 1893 book 36: 1611:", and the act featured performers enacting Jewish stereotypes, wearing large putty noses, long beards, and tattered clothing, and speaking with thick Yiddish accent. Early portrayals were done by non-Jews, but Jews soon began to produce their own "Jewface" acts. By the early 20th century, almost all the "Jewface" actors, managers, agents, and audience members were Jewish. "Jewface" featured Jewish dialect music, written by 758:) and elsewhere, ennobles motherhood, and it associates mothers with virtue. This ennoblement was further increased by the poverty and hardship of Eastern European Jews who immigrated into the United States (during the period from 1881 to 1924, when one of the largest waves of such immigration occurred), where the requirements of hard work by the parents were passed on to their children via guilt: "We work so hard so that 763:

the stereotype is in the self-sacrifice of first-generation immigrants, unable to take full advantage of American education themselves, and the consequent transference of their aspirations, to success and social status, from themselves to their children. A Jewish mother obtains vicarious social status from the achievements of her children, where she is unable to achieve such status herself.

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their food. Feeding a loved one is characterized as an extension of the desire to mother those around her. Lisa Aronson Fontes describes the stereotype as one of "endless caretaking and boundless self-sacrifice" by a mother who demonstrates her love by "constant overfeeding and unremitting solicitude about every aspect of her children's and husband's welfare".

96: 807:'s characterization of Marjorie Morningstar and Sophie Portnoy is that they are each "a forceful Jewish woman who tries to control her life and the events around her", who is "intelligent, articulate, and aggressive", who does not passively accept life but tries to shape events, friends, and families, to match their visions of an ideal world. 380:; "While answering one complaint with another is usually considered a little excessive in English, Yiddish tends to take a homeopathic approach to kvetching: like cures like and kvetch cures kvetch. The best response to a complaint is another complaint, an antiseptic counter-kvetch that makes further whining impossible for anybody but you." 567: 1107:. Ted Merwin writes that in the United States the stereotype became popular in the mid-to-late 20th century when Jews started entering the legal profession. Jews entered the U.S. legal profession decades before the middle of the 20th century – by the time of the Great Depression, many Jews had already established themselves as lawyers. 1392:

identity is described as "fluid, negotiable, and highly voluntary." Within the first Jewish communities, the colonies gave the Jews the chance to live openly as Jews. The attitude towards Jews in the eyes of the colonial authorities was that they carried several assets for business. Most Jews settled

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defended the stereotype, asserting that the ends, inculcating virtues that resulted in success, justified the means, control through love and guilt. Being tied to mamma kept Jewish boys away from "entile friends, particularly those from poor, immigrant families with rural origins in which parents did

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Fishman describes the Jewish mother stereotype that was used by male Jewish writers as "a grotesque mirror image of the proverbial Woman of Valor". A Jewish mother was a woman who had her own ideas about life, who attempted to conquer her sons and her husband, and used food, hygiene, and guilt as her

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can be happy." Other aspects of the stereotype are rooted in those immigrant Jewish parents' drive for their children to succeed, resulting in a push for perfection and a continual dissatisfaction with anything less: "So you got a B? That could have been an A there." Hartman observes that the root of

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shaped the identity and attitudes of American Jews for the better, yet is overshadowed by the devastation and catastrophe of World War II. For the first time, American Jews were seen as major philanthropists, which is now a central part of American Judaism. The stereotype of being greedy and miserly

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The stereotype is often, though not always, the basis for jokes both inside and outside the Jewish community. Frank Zappa was accused of antisemitism for his 1979 song "Jewish Princess", which describes the narrator's lust for "a nasty little Jewish princess / With long phony nails and a hairdo that

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constitutes the most damaging anti-Jewish stereotype which is reflected in the works of literature that were produced from the late tenth century through the early twelfth century. Jews were often depicted as satanic consorts, or as devils themselves and "incarnation of absolute evil." Physically,

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where Rabbinic Judaism emerged from. Jewish masculinity puts more emphasis on studying and academic pursuits than on physical strength. However, male Jews have also been labeled as feminine in an antisemitic context. It was once even a widely-held view that Jewish men menstruated. The trope stemmed

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magazine by Julie Baumgold, "The Persistence of the Jewish Princess". "JAP" jokes became prevalent in the late 1970s and early 1980s. According to Riv-Ellen Prell, the JAP stereotype's rise to prominence in the 1970s resulted from pressures that were placed on the Jewish middle class and forced it

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Stereotypical depictions of Jews in American literature started to emerge around the 1890s. Although Jewish stereotypes first appeared in works by non-Jewish writers, after the Second World War it was often Jewish-American writers themselves who evoked such stereotypical imagery. The prevalence of

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Although Jews had not been particularly associated with moneylending in antiquity, a stereotype of them acting in this capacity was first developed in the 11th century. Jonathan Frankel notes that even though this stereotype was an obvious exaggeration, it had a solid basis in reality. While not

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The Jewish mother stereotype can also involve a loving and overly proud mother who is highly defensive about her children in front of others. Like Italian mother stereotypes, Jewish mother characters are often shown cooking for the family, urging loved ones to eat more, and taking great pride in

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About one-third of Europe's Jewish population emigrated in the nineteenth and early decades of the twentieth century. About 80 percent of those emigrants chose America. Although there is no doubt that Europe's depiction of the Jews influenced the United States, there were no immense massacres,

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The twenty years following World War II are considered the American Jewry "golden age" because of the triumph of "prosperity and affluence, suburbanization and acceptance, the triumph of political and cultural liberalism, and the expansiveness of unlimited possibilities." Jews participated in

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David Schneider writes "Three large clusters of traits are part of the Jewish stereotype (Wuthnow, 1982). First, Jews are seen as being powerful and manipulative. Second, they are accused of dividing their loyalties between the United States and Israel. The third set of traits concerns Jewish

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The stereotypical subject, as described in these sources, is overindulged with attention and money by her parents, resulting in the princess having unrealistic expectations as well as guilt, accompanied by her skill in the manipulation of guilt in others, resulting in deficient love life. The

1690:'s vice presidential running mate. He was labeled by some as a liberal even though he described himself as "pro-business, pro-trade and pro-economic growth." Although he had taken ostensibly moderate and conservative positions on numerous issues, the stereotype defined him to many voters. 729:

describes stereotypical Jewish mothers as parents who have become experts in the art of needling their children that they have honorary degrees in "Jewish Acupuncture". Rappoport observes that jokes about the stereotype have less basis in anti-Semitism than they have in gender stereotyping.

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He spent his entire life trying to extirpate what he himself called the 'nice Jewish boy' from his soul, which is one of the reasons he has done so many outrageous things and gotten into trouble, including with the police. It's part of trying to overcome that lifelong terror of being a

1678:. Since becoming heavily involved in politics and the electoral process in the 1930s, Jewish leaders and voters have taken liberal stances on a number of issues. From there the stereotype grew and is now assumed even though not always accurate. An example of this took place in the 133:

Reproduced common objects, phrases and traditions are used to emphasize or ridicule Jewishness. This includes but is not limited to the complaining and guilt-inflicting Jewish mother, often along with a meek nice Jewish boy, and the spoiled and materialistic Jewish-American princess.

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During the Nazi-era propaganda campaign against Jews, there were repeated mentions of Jews being able to be identified by their use of hands while speaking, "the Jew moves his hands when he talks". This has evolved into modern stereotypes of Jews, much like others in Europe, namely

4063: 1289:'s semi-autobiographical avatar Alex Portnoy, neither the nice Jewish boy nor his more aggressively masculine counterparts (the churlish Jewboy, the "all-American" ice hockey player) prove to be acceptable identities to attain. The ceaseless floundering between the two fuels 1494:"technically a crime, and as political oppression increased, both Jewish and non-Jewish authors avoided the portrayal of Jews in their works", stereotypical depiction of Jews "flourished" among the works of prominent British, Irish and American authors such as 1428:

American culture including the entertainment and film industries, advertising, and organized sports, baseball in particular. More recently, benign stereotypes of Jews have been found to be more prevalent than images of an overtly antisemitic nature. The

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because they disbelieved in Allah's revelations and slew the prophets wrongfully. And for their taking usury, which was prohibited for them, and because of their consuming people's wealth under false pretense, a painful punishment was prepared for them.

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A stereotype exists suggesting that Jews (often particularly Ashkenazi Jews, though historically sometimes Sephardi Jews) are more intelligent other peoples. This idea, also called "Jewish Genius", emerged during the 19th century within the context of

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in 2009 found that 18% believed that "Jews have too much power in the business world", 13% that "Jews are more willing than others to use shady practices to get what they want", and 12% that "Jews are not just as honest as other businesspeople".

1530:). Rosenshield writes that among the many authors who employed stereotypical depictions of Jews in their works, T.S. Eliot and Ezra Pound have received the most attention in modern historiography. Eliot has been accused of being anti-semitic by 734:

agrees, observing that the attributes of a Jewish mother—overprotection, pushiness, aggression, and guilt-inducement—could equally well be ascribed to mothers of other ethnicities, from Italians through Blacks to Puerto Ricans. In the book

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and it is "peculiar to the U.S. scene". In 1987, the American Jewish Committee held a conference on "Current Stereotypes of Jewish Women" which argued that such jokes "represent a resurgence of sexist and anti-Semitic invective masking a

421:, although the word later took on the meaning of charging excessive interest). Jews were legally restricted to occupations usually barred to Christians and thus many went into money-lending. This led to, through the Middle Ages and the 2653:

For example, the Jewish-mother cliche of American jokes don't make sense in Hebrew jokes – because the basic assumption is that most Israelis have a Jewish mother. So the overbearing parent figure, in Israeli humor, becomes a Polish

1091:, features a parody song that can be seen as both satirizing and embracing this trope. "JAP Battle" is featured in Season 1's "Josh and I Go to Los Angeles!". Rachel Bloom, and her character Rebecca Bunch, are both Jewish. 950:, attributed to a pampered or wealthy background. This stereotype of American Jewish women has frequently been portrayed in contemporary US media since the mid-20th century. "JAPs" are portrayed as being used to privilege, 834:, against "dear old Mom" tying all of male America to her apron strings, it quickly became highly associated with Jewish mothers in particular, in part because the idea became a staple of Jewish American fiction. 1581: 1420:. Jews were impressed by the Soviet's commitment to giving Jews equal civil, political, and national rights, which fueled the Jewish plots conspiracy theories. Movements of restricting immigration, such as the 776:

on radio from 1929 to 1949 and on television from 1949 to 1955. But the stereotype as it came to be understood in the 20th century was exemplified by other literary figures. These include Rose Morgenstern from

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and sin. Her personality traits could be portrayed either positively or negatively. The typical appearance of the belle juive included long, thick, dark hair, large dark eyes, an olive skin tone, and a

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Jews were portrayed as menacing, hirsute, with boils, warts and other deformities, and sometimes they were portrayed with horns, cloven hoofs and tails. Such imagery was used centuries later in the

219:"Jewish nose" remains one of the most prevalent and defining features to characterize someone as a Jew. This widespread stereotype can be traced back to the 13th century, according to art historian 2339: 5207: 5943: 3418:

Beck, Evelyn Torton. (1992) "From 'Kike to Jap': How misogyny, anti-semitism, and racism construct the Jewish American Princess". In Margaret Andersen & Patricia Hill Collins (Eds.)

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The concept of the "Jewish lawyer" is a stereotype of Jews, which portrays Jews and Jewish lawyers as being clever, greedy, exploitative, dishonest, and depicts them as engaging in

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to maintain a visibly affluent lifestyle even as post-war affluence declined. The concept was the butt of jokes and as a result, it was spoofed by many, including Jews. Mel Brooks'

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Jews, specifically Ashkenazi Jews, are also stereotyped as being melodramatic and over-zealously (and sometimes comedically) complaining. The Yiddish word for this behavior is to

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A well-known stereotype about Jewish communication is the tendency to answer a question with a question. In large part, this stereotype arises from the emphasis on questioning in

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The term "JAP" and its associated stereotype first gained attention at the beginning of the 1970s with the publication of several non-fiction articles such as Barbara Meyer's

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first appeared in the 12th century and were associated with attacks and massacres against Jews. These stereotypes are paralleled in the earlier (7th century) writings of the

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has shown that stereotypes play a crucial role in voter decision making on both a conscious and subconscious level. Jewish political candidates are stereotyped as

596:(French, "the beautiful Jewess") was a 19th-century literary stereotype. A figure meeting the description is often associated with having and causing sexual lust, 5952: 5936: 1892: 4904: 1885: 2369: 5898: 5039: 5034: 5026: 1860: 1850: 1406: 1845: 1665: 1450:, nearly all European writers prior to the twentieth century who included Jewish characters in their works projected stereotypical depictions. Harap cites 4604: 2347: 5541: 5183: 3402: 405:, that boy just stole your handkerchief!" "So let 'im go; we hadda start out small, too." A German cartoon of 1851 implies ingrained dishonesty in Jews. 5929: 5844: 3386: 2634: 4820: 5849: 1679: 1622:

said that comedy like this was "the cause of greater prejudice against the Jews as a class than all other causes combined," and that same year the

1175:(playing a fictionalised version of himself) fires his divorce lawyer Berg, who likewise pretends to be Jewish, and hires a Jewish lawyer instead. 5662: 5154: 1491: 4105: 1359:

of the 1930s and 1940s. This propaganda leaned on Jewish stereotypes to explain the claim that the Jewish people belong to an "inferior" race.

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Shakespeare and the Mediterranean: the selected proceedings of the International Shakespeare Association World Congress, Valencia, 2001

359:. This tradition, among others structured to encourage the value of l'dor v'dor (teaching "from generation to generation") such as the 5839: 5812: 5792: 5120: 5089: 5062: 4994: 2010: 633:"Jewish mother" redirects here. For the issue of whether matrilineal Jewish descent is necessary or sufficient for Jewish status, see 4441: 1715: 278:

populations, such as in Jewish communities where Jews were forbidden to marry outsiders. Red hair was especially closely linked with

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who is only heard as a voice character. Mrs. Wolowitz is loud, overbearing, and overprotective of her son. In the television show

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traditionally places on the home and the family, and the mother's important role within that family. Judaism, as exemplified by the

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In: Medicine, Mental Health, Science, Religion, and Well-being (A.R. Singh and S.A. Singh eds.), MSM, 6, Jan - Dec 2008, p41-47.

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lawyer who pretends to be a Jewish-American for his clients, believing that it makes him appear more competent as a lawyer. In

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was commonly identified as the distinguishing negative Jewish trait. This stereotype probably originated because red hair is a

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The resistance that a Jewish male may launch against this image in his quest to become a "regular guy" has found its place in

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Berinsky, Adam; Mendelberg, Tali (2005). "The Indirect Effects of Discredited Stereotypes in Judgements of Jewish Leaders".

4070:." Jewish Political Studies Review 19:1–2 (Spring 2007). Institute for Global Jewish Affairs, March 2007. Accessed 01-03-09. 3963: 1317:

Martin Marger writes "A set of distinct and consistent negative stereotypes, some of which can be traced as far back as the

655:, television and film writers, actors, and authors in the United States and elsewhere. The stereotype generally involves a 6112: 5405: 5353: 5231: 5094: 4131: 3757: 1104: 810:

The Jewish mother became one of two stock female Jewish characters in literature in the 20th century, the other being the

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This stereotype enjoyed a mixed reception in the mid-20th century. In her 1967 essay "In Defense of the Jewish Mother",

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Hadjiyiannis, Christos (Fall 2015). "We Need to Talk About Ezra: Ezra Pound's Fascist Propaganda, 1935–45 (review)".

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in the novel, and toned down references to his Jewishness. Furthermore, the character of Mr. Riah in his later novel

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Alpert, Rebecca (2003). "Sex in Jewish Law and Culture". In Machacek Machacek, David W.; Wilcox, Melissa M. (eds.).

2376: 6061: 5745: 5422: 5368: 5189: 4977: 4476:"ADL Survey: Anti-Semitism in America Remains Constant, 15 Percent of Americans Hold 'Strong' Anti-Semitic Beliefs" 4174: 3549: 1356: 1255: 2511: 1567: 739:, the author says in the preface that it is not necessary to be either Jewish or a mother to be a Jewish mother.' 5910: 5725: 5720: 5556: 4937: 1750: 852: 698: 673: 545:, have suggested it is supported by the results of IQ research, though the idea has been throughly criticised by 178: 3775: 3123:

Wouk states that he never used the term "JAP" in his works, and disclaims being the originator of the term. See

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Boyarin, Daniel; Itzkovitz, Daniel; Pellegrini, Ann (10 December 2003). "Strange Bedfellows: An Introduction".

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Rockway, Robert; Gutfeld, Arnon (2001). "Demonic images of the Jews in the nineteenth century United States".

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which state that wretchedness and baseness were stamped upon the Jews, and they were visited with wrath from

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not value education". One example of the stereotype, as it had developed by the 1970s, was the character of

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backgrounds and where most mothers are Jewish, the same stereotypical mother is known as the Polish mother (

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The ridiculous Jew: the exploitation and transformation of a stereotype in Gogol, Turgenev, and Dostoevsky

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anti-Semitic stereotypes in the works of such authors has sometimes been interpreted as an expression of

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The stereotype was partly a construct of, and popularized by, some post-war Jewish male writers, notably

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stereotype with Jewish mothers in particular, is, according to Helmreich, because of the importance that

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and dark beady eyes with drooping eyelids. Exaggerated or grotesque Jewish facial features were a staple

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It is the connection of Jews with money, however, that appears to be the sine qua non-of anti-Semitism.

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One of the earliest Jewish mother figures in American popular culture was Molly Goldberg, portrayed by

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is a kindly Jewish creditor, and may have been created as an apology for Fagin. Lesser references in

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reinforced the stereotype of the crooked Jew. Dickens later expressed regret for his portrayal of

459: 290:. Writers from Shakespeare to Dickens would identify Jewish characters by giving them red hair. In 283: 148: 5432: 1220:

that deploy the representation, the stereotype has gained popular recognition to a lesser extent.

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Jewish frugality, thriftiness, and greed are among the typical themes in jokes about Jews, even

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and Margaret Moul contrarily argued that Jews had a relatively low IQ relative to their peers.

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A Time for Building: The Third Migration, 1880–1920 (The Jewish People in American) (Volume 3)

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Fighting to Become Americans: Assimilation and the Trouble Between Jewish Men and Jewish Women

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The Jew, the Cathedral and the Medieval City: Synagoga and Ecclesia in the Thirteenth Century

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in port cities and thrived in trade by relying on family and community ties for negotiating.

5442: 5437: 5311: 4984: 4854: 4659: 4453: 3915: 3878: 3839: 2484: 1960: 1937: 1800: 1683: 1259: 1153: 1135: 1131: 1061:), who proclaimed, "I am Vespa, daughter of Roland, King of the Druids!" Captain Lonestar ( 906: 577: 546: 417:

when the Church forbade Christians to lend money while charging interest (a practice called

402: 340: 286:, all those with red hair were identified as Jewish. In Italy, red hair was associated with 225: 3867:"A Ready Hatred: Depictions of the Jewish Woman in Medieval Antisemitic Art and Caricature" 5468: 5221: 4067: 2673: 2667: 1825: 1770: 1551: 1456: 1364: 1213: 1162: 1111: 1100: 973: 898: 890: 713: 664: 648: 621: 469: 298:" were a semi-fictional group of red-haired Jews, although this tale has obscure origins. 291: 254: 3949:

Conversation with Norman Podhoretz, Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley 1999

1195:, as well as in mainstream American culture. Jewish men have been historically viewed as 667:

for actions that may have caused her to suffer. The stereotype is described in detail in

2020: 634: 17: 6054: 6039: 5600: 5410: 5378: 5343: 5264: 4624: 4457: 3599: 3539: 2281: 1790: 1780: 1765: 1760: 1707: 1616: 1615:

songwriters. These vaudeville acts were controversial at the time. In 1909 a prominent

1604: 1535: 1499: 1236: 1224: 1217: 1205: 1001: 968: 706: 685: 588: 541: 490: 373: 360: 279: 170: 3024: 1405:

seemed to be challenged. Aid was provided to Jews overseas by a new organization, the

1247:

embraces the studiousness, gentleness and sensitivity that is said to distinguish the

549:, who has described it as a "racial myth". The early 20th century British researchers 6091: 5573: 5415: 5348: 5195: 5147: 4858: 4671: 2947: 2842: 1865: 1612: 1519: 1412:

However, attitudes towards the Jews change after World War I; from 1920 to 1940, saw

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of the Jewish lawyer frequently appears in popular culture. Jay Michaelson writes in

1058: 767: 755: 688: 668: 523: 511: 216: 174: 4688:

The image of the Jew in American literature: from early republic to mass immigration

4550:

The image of the Jew in American literature: from early republic to mass immigration

4523:

The image of the Jew in American literature: from early republic to mass immigration

4496:

The image of the Jew in American literature: from early republic to mass immigration

4429:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 259. 4393:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 208. 2263: 1607:

Jews who immigrated to the United States in the 1880s. The name plays off the term "

5921: 5637: 5583: 5447: 5259: 5159: 5110: 4967: 4913: 4442:"Compliments will get you nowhere: Benign Stereotypes, Prejudice and Anti-Semitism" 4337:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 21. 4322:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 15. 2335: 1785: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1649: 1507: 1147: 1088: 1062: 1005: 827: 823: 726: 606: 550: 507: 502: 474: 399: 287: 259: 4307:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 2. 1486:

Historian Gary Rosenshield writes that while Soviets passed legislation that made

2545: 2046: 1579: 539:. Some 20th and 21st century publications, notably the highly controversial book 6076: 6066: 5500: 5306: 5301: 5269: 4289: 1805: 1511: 1503: 1446:

Jewish stereotypes in literature have evolved over the centuries. According to

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at its peak. Many left-wing Jews showed sympathy toward, or even supported, the

1401: 1351: 1330: 1318: 1286: 1188: 1172: 1138:

and the quintessential pale skin, brown hair and Ashkenazic nose of the typical

1026: 1016: 963: 955: 947: 794: 778: 663:

long after they have become adults and is excellent at making her children feel

602: 422: 377: 237: 220: 210: 198: 127: 4663: 4367: 2157:. New York City, New York: Black Dog and Leventhal Publishers. pp. 61–66. 6034: 5692: 5578: 5495: 5226: 5165: 4600: 4475: 3003: 2488: 1697: 1675: 1653: 1630: 1600: 1531: 1515: 1196: 1066: 1053: 994: 991: 935: 932: 881: 644: 597: 428: 162: 119: 104: 3927: 3851: 3843: 2496: 2457: 1223:

The qualities which are ascribed to the nice Jewish boy are derived from the

818:

weapons. Like Helmreich, Fishman observes that while it began as a universal

282:, who was commonly shown with red hair to identify him as Jewish. During the 5615: 5490: 5485: 5373: 4821:"Macklemore and Masquerade "Jewface," umbrage, and pop music's original sin" 3827: 2134:

The Jewish Persona in the European Imagination: A Case of Russian Literature

1608: 1004:, the stereotype of the Jewish-American Princess did not emerge until after 306: 183: 123: 4877:

The Things they Say Behind your Back: Stereotypes and the Myths Behind Them

3992: 3308:

The Jewish American Princess and Other Myths: The Many Faces of Self-Hatred

2727:

The things they say behind your back: stereotypes and the myths behind them

1208:'s claim that "the Jew is more saturated in femininity than the Aryan." In 897:

and being overprotective of her son. This character can also be seen from

506:

are examples of the prevalence of this negative perception. Some, such as

5589: 5505: 5358: 5317: 4175:"A page from a children's antisemitic bookelt called "Beware of the fox"" 3919: 3603: 3572:

Zion in America: The Jewish Experience from Colonial Times to the Present

1527: 1394: 1126: 958:. An example of the humorous use of this stereotype appears in the song " 902: 652: 344: 295: 275: 267: 250: 3712:

The Chosen Image: Television's Portrayal of Jewish Themes and Characters

2441: 368: 6049: 3890: 3866: 3617: 1687: 1523: 1232: 982: 747: 656: 611: 572: 437: 352: 229:

revolves around a plot of cosmetic surgery as a "cure" for Jewishness.

166: 95: 6044: 6029: 5610: 5566: 5388: 5323: 4962: 1385: 1322: 1248: 1209: 709: 693: 348: 310: 4715:

The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Multiethnic American Literature: I – M

4203:

The fate of the European Jews, 1939–1945: continuity or contingency?

4061:"Anti-Israelism and Anti-Semitism: Common Characteristics and Motifs 3882: 3828:"Shylock's gender: Jewish male menstruation in early modern England" 2917:

How Jews Became White Folks and what that Says about Race in America

566: 3495:"Rachel Bloom Tells the Stories Behind 8 Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Songs" 3243: 2814:

Humor, satire, and identity: eastern German literature in the 1990s

157:

An 1873 caricature featuring stereotypical physical traits of a Jew

1619: 1543: 1470: 1368: 1338: 1334: 1278: 858: 751: 565: 479: 427: 418: 410: 393: 356: 246: 236: 188: 152: 94: 4414:. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 147, 151. 1918:

Stereotypes of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States

1652:) was focused on the sheet music of this type of comedy and used 875:, which premiered in 2007, and it was played by the character of 510:, suggest that the stereotype has decreased in prevalence in the 363:

of Passover, have helped create a culture of structured debate.

1645: 1199:, especially in contrast to the more violent masculinity of the 1065:) complained, "That's all we needed, a Druish princess!" Barf ( 1044:

article "Sex and the Jewish Girl" and the 1971 cover article in

905:, and Daniela Paguro, mother of the main character of the movie 115: 5925: 4886: 4882: 4794: 3025:"A Jewish American (Disney) Princess? – Jewish Women's Archive" 1350:

The portrayal of Jews as historic enemies of Christianity and

29: 3632:

In Their Own Image: New York Jews in Jazz Age Popular Culture

1538:, while Ezra Pound was a self-proclaimed anti-semite, making 514:. A telephone poll of 1,747 American adults conducted by the 309:, sometimes associated with a curly hair texture known as a " 3095:

Something Ain't Kosher Here: The Rise of the "Jewish" Sitcom

1371:

meant that Jews were the main representatives of the trade.

3965:

Race and Ethnic Relations: American and Global Perspectives

2547:

Jewish Mothers Tell Their Stories: Acts of Love and Courage

1542:

for the Italian government blaming the Second World War on

4767:"Love 'Springtime for Hitler'? Then Here's the CD for You" 4352:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 99. 1988:

The Coming of the Holocaust: From Antisemitism to Genocide

4037:

Demonizing the Other: Antisemitism, Racism and Xenophobia

1913:

Stereotypes of East Asian Americans in the United States

674:

How to Be a Jewish Mother: A Very Lovely Training Manual

605:

expression. An example of this stereotype is Rebecca in

3871:

Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research

376:, notes that this can be a real cultural phenomenon of 54: 3739:

Fields of Offerings: Studies in Honor of Raphael Patai

4368:"How a World War Shaped Jewish Politics and Identity" 2982:. University of Minnesota Press. pp. 41, 49–51. 2513:

Antisemitism and Modernity: Innovation and Continuity

2403:"The money libel: Confronting a dangerous stereotype" 1908:

Stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims in the United States

1380:

materialistic values, aggressiveness, clannishness."

1251:

scholar and make him an attractive marriage partner.

976:

have also satirized the stereotype, as did filmmaker

2136:, By Leonid Livak, (Stanford University Press 2010). 917:"Jewish Princess" redirects here. For the song, see 6017: 5959: 5701: 5646: 5527: 5461: 5332: 5250: 5103: 5050: 4920: 4795:"Jewface: "Yiddish" Dialect Songs of Tin Pan Alley" 2978:Alisa Lebow (2008). "Reframing the Jewish Family". 2920:(4th ed.). Rutgers University Press. pp. 2632:

Different cultures produce different Jewish mothers

2442:""The Bell Curve," Intelligence, and Virtuous Jews" 3805:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 9. 3595: 3593: 3336:Alperin, Mimi (1989). "JAP Jokes: Hateful Humor". 2946: 2841: 2648:The Jewish Role in American Life: An Annual Review 2298:Jewish Switzerland: 50 Objects Tell Their Stories 1642:Jewface: "Yiddish" Dialect Songs of Tin Pan Alley 1035:, featuring protagonists who fit the stereotype. 856:, and later appeared as a regular on its spinoff 425:, the association of Jews with greedy practices. 5663:Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project (BAHOHP) 4741:"Remembering the Days of Vaudeville and Jewface" 3244:"The J.A.P. and the J.A.M. in American Jokelore" 3073:"Jewish Women Campaign Against 'Princess' Jokes" 266:In European culture, prior to the 20th century, 5216:The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews 4265:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1–2. 4082:The Path of the Devil: Early Modern Witch Hunts 3659:Christians Only: A Study in Prejudice Hardcover 2651: 2340:"Dickens' greatest villain: The faces of Fagin" 2203:, (University of Delaware Press, 2004), page 40 1991:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 98. 1637:where he dressed as an antisemitic caricature. 661:persists in interfering in her children's lives 274:that tends to find higher expression in highly 99:The cover of the 1908 Little Giant publication 4718:. Greenwood Publishing Company. p. 1175. 3338:Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 1893:Stereotypes of groups within the United States 355:, which are structured around questioning the 347:partnerships are designed around questioning 5937: 4898: 4106:"poster for 1940 antisemitic propaganda film 3758:"'Better Call Saul': The Rise of a Sleazebag" 2176: 2174: 2045:Yahya R. Kamalipour, Theresa Carilli (1998). 1886:Religious discrimination in the United States 1272:'s literary and "extracurricular" activities: 651:that is used by Jewish as well as non-Jewish 43:The examples and perspective in this article 8: 5673:Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI) 4629:T.S. Eliot, Anti-Semitism, and Literary Form 4480:US Fed News Service, Including US State News 4112:. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011 3612:. 3 March 2006. Retrieved 10 November 2010. 3604:"A Jew and a Lawyer Are Sitting in a Bar..." 2720: 2718: 2589:Sexual abuse in nine North American cultures 2320:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 1861:History of antisemitism in the United States 1851:Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States 1407:American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee 850:, who first appeared in a recurring role on 103:, which displays the stereotypical physical 27:Generalized representations of Jewish people 4014:. Jewish Publications Society. p. 78. 3508: 3506: 3504: 2370:"American Attitudes Toward Jews in America" 1846:Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States 1666:Jewish views and involvement in US politics 305:, Jews tend to be portrayed as swarthy and 5944: 5930: 5922: 5184:Persecution of Jews during the Black Death 4905: 4891: 4883: 4580:. Stanford University Press. p. 207. 3431:Newhouse, Alana. "The return of the JAP", 3403:"Jewish Women Campaign Against 'Princess'" 3387:"Authors aim to defang JAP, shiksa labels" 3204: 3202: 3170: 3168: 3004:"Jewish Princess by Frank Zappa Songfacts" 2909: 2907: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2672:. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. pp. 1216:which have received heavy exposure to the 351:, which are structured around questioning 173:Jews are usually depicted as having large 4553:. Syracuse University Press. p. 10. 4084:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 156. 3691:Confessore, Nicholas (30 November 2016). 3238: 3236: 2835: 2833: 2296:Battegay, Lubrich, Caspar, Naomi (2018). 2239:"A crash course in Italian hand gestures" 1965:. Cambridge University Press. p. 7. 1231:, either "nobility" or "delicateness" in 81:Learn how and when to remove this message 4789: 4787: 4691:. Syracuse University Press. p. 4. 4526:. Syracuse University Press. p. 8. 4499:. Syracuse University Press. p. 6. 3512:Asimow, Michael; Mader, Shannon (2004). 3258: 3256: 3088: 3086: 2729:(2nd ed.). Transaction Publishers. 2569: 2567: 2375:. Anti-Defamation League. Archived from 1648:(November 2015 to June 2016, curated by 1243:(University of California Press, 1997), 942:Jewish women as spoiled brats, implying 684:A possible origin of this stereotype is 197:(1999), has been likened to traditional 4206:. Oxford University Press. p. 16. 2787:. Princeton University Press. pp. 2300:. Basel: Christoph Merian. p. 36. 2129: 2127: 2047:"Chapter 8 – Media Stereotypes of Jews" 1951: 4402: 4400: 4123: 3999:. Encyclopædia Britannica. p. 37. 3709:Pearl, Jonathan; Pearl, Judith (1999). 3515:Law and Popular Culture: A Course Book 3143:Jewish Presences in English Literature 2313: 1057:had a character named Princess Vespa ( 5973:Asian and Pacific Islander Americans 4847:American Journal of Political Science 4361: 4359: 4200:Frankel, Jonathan (1 December 1997). 3295:The Jewish American Princess Handbook 3211:A Sampler of Jewish-American Folklore 2953:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 2074:Westbrook, Hasdai (24 October 2003). 2051:Cultural Diversity and the U.S. Media 2040: 2038: 1841:Anti-Catholicism in the United States 1624:Central Conference of American Rabbis 1134:, is stereotypical, with a "New York 990:for more information on this related 7: 6004:Native Americans and Alaskan Natives 3803:Queer Theory and the Jewish Question 3744:Fairleigh Dickinson University Press 3462:List of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend episodes 2848:. Temple University Press. pp. 2428:Are Jews Smarter Than Everyone Else? 2401:Boroson, Warren (24 December 2010). 826:'s critique of "Momism" in 1950 and 413:and miserly. This originates in the 409:Jews have often been stereotyped as 5202:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 4631:. Cambridge University Press, 1996 3048:Sexuality and the world's religions 2701:. Praeger Publishers. p. 113. 2115:"The First Anti-Jewish Caricature?" 1836:Discrimination in the United States 1268:, made the following comment about 889:, the mother of its main character 712:. In Israel, with its diversity of 455:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 303:their Middle Eastern ethnic origins 114:are generalized representations of 5683:Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) 4799:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research 4765:Williams, Alex (29 October 2006). 4458:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1996.tb00749.x 4039:. Taylor and Francis. p. 54. 4012:Anti-Semitism and the Muslim World 3756:Sheffield, Rob (6 February 2015). 3674:"Prominent Lawyer Defends Himself" 3672:Lorch, Donatella (24 March 1992). 3357:The Words and Music of Frank Zappa 3293:Sandy Toback and Debbie Lukatsky. 3140:Cohen, Derek and Heller, Deborah, 2880:"Introduction: The Faces of Women" 2510:Maccoby, Hyam (14 February 2006). 2098:"The Invention of the Jewish Nose" 1646:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research 972:. Female Jewish comedians such as 742:The association of this otherwise 324:Italians speaking with their hands 25: 4712:Nelson, Emmanuel Sampath (2005). 3968:. Cengage Learning. p. 324. 3776:"TV review: Curb Your Enthusiasm" 3473:Ingall, Marjorie (3 March 2016). 3145:McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP, 1990 2816:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 90. 2753:Gender Equality and American Jews 2544:Rachel Josefowitz (10 May 2000). 2096:Lipton, Sara (14 November 2014). 1871:Islamophobia in the United States 1856:Antisemitism in the United States 1442:Stereotypes of Jews in literature 1145:This stereotyping is parodied in 797:, and Sophie Ginsky Portnoy from 671:'s best-selling 1964 humor book, 5953:Stereotypes in the United States 5237:White genocide conspiracy theory 4859:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2005.00159.x 3422:. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 87–95. 1898:Stereotypes of African Americans 1876:Racism against African Americans 1700: 1577: 1566: 1363:all Jews were moneylenders, the 1187:(NJB) is a stereotype of Jewish 34: 5481:Institute for Historical Review 5401:General Order No. 11 (US, 1862) 5131:International Jewish conspiracy 5028: 4240:. Guilford Press. p. 461. 3993:"Marginalization and expulsion" 2009:Hoberman, J. (19–25 May 1999). 1746:Expulsions and exoduses of Jews 1626:denounced this type of comedy. 615:. Another example is Miriam in 5994:Hispanics and Latino Americans 4739:Zax, Talya (8 December 2015). 4237:The psychology of stereotyping 3097:Rutgers University Press, 2003 2878:Sylvia Barack Fishman (1992). 1928:Stereotypes of White Americans 1603:act that became popular among 691:'s research into the European 1: 5678:Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC) 5406:Racial policy of Nazi Germany 5384:Beilis trial (Russian Empire) 5354:Pogroms in the Russian Empire 4427:The Jews of the United States 4391:The Jews of the United States 4335:The Jews of the United States 4320:The Jews of the United States 4305:The Jews of the United States 3832:The Review of English Studies 3493:Ivie, Devon (15 April 2016). 3250:Vol 98, No 390 (Oct–Dec 1985) 2725:William B. Helmreich (1984). 2187:, 31–46, 1982, Melinnkoff R.M 2181:Judas's Red Hair and The Jews 2155:Red: A History of the Redhead 2153:Harvey, Jacky Coliss (2015). 1999:. Retrieved 11 December 2016. 1716:Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment 1325:, has been applied to Jews." 1069:) added, "Funny, she doesn't 701:. Although her interviews at 6118:Stereotypes of Jewish people 5658:Anti-Defamation League (ADL) 5364:1968 Polish political crisis 4819:Wilson, Carl (23 May 2014). 4651:Journal of Modern Literature 4234:Schneider, David J. (2004). 4035:Wistrich, Robert S. (1999). 3826:Katz, D. (1 November 1999). 3297:. Turnbull & Willoughby. 3248:Journal of American Folklore 2844:America's Jews in transition 2586:Lisa Aronson Fontes (1995). 2471:Schaffer, Gavin (May 2008). 2119:The New York Review of Books 2113:Lipton, Sara (6 June 2016). 2102:The New York Review of Books 1309:Antisemitism in Christianity 5969:African and Black Americans 5428:Night of the Murdered Poets 4606:Was T.S. Eliot a Scoundrel? 3693:"How to Hide $ 400 Million" 3569:Feingold, Henry L. (2002). 3446:"Bigots in the Ivory Tower" 3310:Shapolsky Publishers, 1991 2949:Something ain't kosher here 2840:Chaim Isaac Waxman (1983). 1959:Rowe, Nina (4 April 2011). 1923:Stereotypes of South Asians 1881:Racism in the United States 1672:voting in the United States 1656:'s sheet music collection. 1191:that circulates within the 822:stereotype, exemplified by 372:. Michael Wex, in his book 241:Watercolor illustration by 57:, discuss the issue on the 6134: 6103:Jewish portrayals in media 5423:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign 5394:Anti-Zionist League (Iraq) 5369:Jewish Anti-Zionist League 5334:Antisemitic laws, policies 5190:On the Jews and Their Lies 4664:10.2979/jmodelite.39.1.112 4574:Rosenshield, Gary (2008). 4440:Wilson, Thomas C. (1996). 3962:Marger, Martin N. (2008). 3912:American Historical Review 3550:Princeton University Press 2784:Jews and the American Soul 2440:Gilman, Sander L. (1996). 1680:2000 presidential election 1663: 1439: 1302: 1256:Jewish American literature 916: 770:, in the situation comedy 632: 586: 580:, showing a stereotypical 387: 208: 146: 4130:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3905:"OUP accepted manuscript" 3736:Sanua, Victor D. (1983). 3657:[Broun and Britt (1931). 3359:U of Nebraska Press, 2007 3051:. ABC-CLIO. p. 199. 2781:Andrew R. Heinze (2004). 2533:– via Google Books. 2489:10.1080/00313220801996105 2201:Theatres and Performances 2185:Journal of Jewish Art (9) 1751:Geography of antisemitism 1522:(with characters such as 1193:American Jewish community 853:The Mary Tyler Moore Show 737:How to Be a Jewish Mother 699:American Jewish Committee 215:The idea of the large or 5668:Community Security Trust 5542:Black Death persecutions 4425:Diner, Hasia R. (2004). 4412:Anti-Semitism in America 4389:Diner, Hasia R. (2004). 4348:Diner, Hasia R. (2015). 4333:Diner, Hasia R. (2004). 4318:Diner, Hasia R. (2004). 4303:Diner, Hasia R. (2004). 4080:Jensen, Gary F. (2006). 4010:Gerber, Jane S. (1986). 3865:Abramson, Henry (1996). 3637:Rutgers University Press 3609:The Jewish Daily Forward 2104:. Retrieved 29 May 2016. 1903:Stereotypes of Americans 1635:Experience Music Project 1629:On May 16, 2014, Rapper 1117:The Jewish Daily Forward 925:Jewish-American princess 913:Jewish-American princess 877:Howard Wolowitz's mother 812:Jewish-American princess 641:Jewish mother stereotype 557:Stereotypical characters 353:different Talmudic texts 179:theme in Nazi propaganda 18:Jewish-American princess 5874:Palestinian Territories 5379:Dreyfus Affair (France) 4278:American Jewish History 3717:McFarland & Company 3420:Race, Class, and Gender 2697:Leon Rappoport (2005). 2666:Benjamin Blech (2003). 2268:Marnie Winston-Macauley 2078:. somethingjewish.co.uk 1776:Jewish ethnic divisions 1756:History of antisemitism 1422:Immigration Act of 1924 1262:, the former editor of 1151:and its spinoff series 988:Black American Princess 458:and literature such as 6098:Antisemitic propaganda 5688:Stephen Roth Institute 5336:and government actions 5275:Portuguese Inquisition 5252:Religious antisemitism 5126:Double genocide theory 5012:Secondary antisemitism 4948:Religious antisemitism 4446:Sociological Quarterly 4261:Sorin, Gerald (1992). 4059:Gerstenfeld, Manfred. 3844:10.1093/res/50.200.440 3475:"The Notorious J.A.P." 3391:Baltimore Jewish Times 2945:Vincent Brook (2003). 2914:Karen Brodkin (1999). 2812:Jill E. Twark (2007). 2750:Moshe Hartman (1996). 2656: 2646:Barry Glassner (2008) 2076:"Jews and their noses" 1821:Religious antisemitism 1633:gave a performance at 1483: 1430:Anti-Defamation League 1305:Religious antisemitism 1283: 1157:, where the character 1124:, in the drama series 1120:that the character of 919:Jewish Princess (song) 830:'s blast, in his 1942 584: 516:Anti-Defamation League 465:The Merchant of Venice 449: 445:The Merchant of Venice 406: 263: 158: 108: 6018:Regional & social 5961:Ethnic & national 5648:Organizations working 5208:Contemporary imprints 5137:The International Jew 5007:Rootless cosmopolitan 4685:Harap, Louis (2003). 4547:Harap, Louis (2003). 4520:Harap, Louis (2003). 4493:Harap, Louis (2003). 4366:Berger, Paul (2014). 3520:Peter Lang Publishing 2621:, Slate, 13 June 2007 2477:Patterns of Prejudice 2426:Gilman S.L., (2008), 2264:"Jews Love Questions" 1741:Economic antisemitism 1664:Further information: 1474: 1414:American antisemitism 1313:Antisemitism in Islam 1274: 1212:and the parts of the 805:Sylvia Barack Fishman 569: 448:, Stereotypes of Jews 442:, an illustration to 431: 397: 390:Economic antisemitism 253:Jewish criminal from 243:Joseph Clayton Clarke 240: 156: 147:Further information: 98: 6113:Anti-Asian sentiment 5650:against antisemitism 5596:Martyrdom in Judaism 5462:Antisemitic websites 5374:Leo Frank trial (US) 5270:Catholic Inquisition 5242:Zionist antisemitism 4958:Antisemitism studies 4408:Dinnerstein, Leonard 4066:13 June 2010 at the 3780:The Jewish Chronicle 3629:Merwin, Ted (2006). 3620:on 10 November 2010. 3545:The New Deal Lawyers 3354:Lowe, Kelly Fisher, 3267:, Beacon Press, 2000 3213:, August House, 1992 3174:Berkley, George E., 2884:Follow my footprints 1985:Kenez, Peter (2013) 1591:I'm a Yiddish Cowboy 1462:Montagu Frank Modder 1168:Curb Your Enthusiasm 1022:Marjorie Morningstar 1011:scrim of misogyny.'" 832:Generation of Vipers 787:, Mrs Patimkin from 784:Marjorie Morningstar 497:The Three Musketeers 63:create a new article 55:improve this article 45:may not represent a 5626:Spanish Inquisition 5537:Rhineland massacres 5292:Rhineland massacres 5285:Spanish Inquisition 5017:Stereotypes of Jews 5002:Racial antisemitism 4953:Persecution of Jews 4875:William Helmreich, 4612:Commentary magazine 3782:. 22 September 2011 3306:Booker, Janice L., 3179:Branden Books, 1997 3079:. 7 September 1987. 2980:First Person Jewish 2266:, 5 March 2011, by 2218:research.calvin.edu 2214:"How to Tell a Jew" 2053:. pp. 99–110. 1816:Racial antisemitism 1811:Persecution of Jews 1796:Perpetual foreigner 1400:From 1914 to 1918, 1327:Antisemitic canards 1292:Portnoy's Complaint 1227:ideal of אײדלקײַט ( 1084:Crazy Ex-Girlfriend 938:that portrays some 872:The Big Bang Theory 800:Portnoy's Complaint 703:Columbia University 617:Nathaniel Hawthorne 460:William Shakespeare 284:Spanish Inquisition 149:Racial antisemitism 112:Stereotypes of Jews 5989:European Americans 5845:Conservative Party 5606:Pale of Settlement 5116:Christian Identity 5090:Soviet mathematics 4995:Working definition 4771:The New York Times 4464:on 5 January 2013. 3920:10.1093/ahr/rhy020 3697:The New York Times 3678:The New York Times 3577:Dover Publications 3409:, 7 September 1987 3407:The New York Times 3262:Prell, Riv-Ellen, 3208:Sherman, Josepha, 3077:The New York Times 2350:on 5 December 2008 2338:(7 October 2005). 1831:Triple parentheses 1540:several broadcasts 1496:Dorothy Richardson 1484: 1436:In popular culture 1418:Russian Revolution 1367:'s prohibition of 1029:in his 1959 novel 1019:in his 1955 novel 940:upper-middle-class 697:, financed by the 585: 524:by Jews themselves 452:Publications like 450: 407: 264: 249:, a stereotypical 194:The Phantom Menace 159: 138:Stereotype by type 109: 6085: 6084: 6072:White Southerners 6009:Arabs and Muslims 5919: 5918: 5562:Ghettos in Europe 5475:The Daily Stormer 5280:Roman Inquisition 5143:Jewish Bolshevism 4725:978-0-313-33062-9 4698:978-0-8156-2991-7 4587:978-0-8047-5952-6 4560:978-0-8156-2991-7 4533:978-0-8156-2991-7 4506:978-0-8156-2991-7 4247:978-1-57230-929-6 4213:978-0-19-511931-2 4091:978-0-7425-4697-4 4046:978-90-5702-497-9 3975:978-0-495-50436-8 3812:978-0-231-50895-7 3725:978-0-7864-0522-0 3645:978-0-8135-3809-9 3585:978-0-486-42236-7 3558:978-0-691-00082-4 3528:978-0-8204-5815-1 3374:978-0-8032-6005-4 3282:978-0-8070-3633-4 3228:978-0-87483-194-8 3194:978-0-8283-2027-6 3160:978-0-7735-0781-4 3112:978-0-8135-3211-0 3058:978-1-57607-359-9 2922:146, 164, 168–169 2886:. UPNE. pp. 2859:978-0-87722-329-0 2798:978-0-691-11755-3 2767:978-0-7914-3052-1 2618:The Jewish Mother 2592:. SAGE. pp. 2557:978-0-7890-1099-5 2307:978-3-85616-847-6 2164:978-1-57912-996-5 2060:978-0-7914-3929-6 2016:The Village Voice 1997:978-1-107-04335-0 1972:978-0-521-19744-1 1933:Blonde stereotype 1721:Antisemitic trope 1582: 1480:Thomas Rowlandson 1464:and the other by 1235:). According to 1032:Goodbye, Columbus 895:New Jersey accent 887:Sheila Broflovski 848:Rhoda Morgenstern 790:Goodbye, Columbus 732:William Helmreich 643:is both a common 576:(before 1808) by 537:scientific racism 485:Our Mutual Friend 292:Medieval European 143:Physical features 91: 90: 83: 65:, as appropriate. 16:(Redirected from 6125: 5946: 5939: 5932: 5923: 5443:Holocaust denial 5312:Host desecration 5121:Cultural Marxism 5051:Antisemitism and 5030: 4985:New antisemitism 4907: 4900: 4893: 4884: 4863: 4862: 4842: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4791: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4682: 4676: 4675: 4645: 4639: 4622: 4616: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4571: 4565: 4564: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4460:. 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Gilman 341:Jewish education 226:The Operated Jew 191:, introduced in 86: 79: 75: 72: 66: 38: 37: 30: 21: 6133: 6132: 6128: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6123: 6122: 6088: 6087: 6086: 6081: 6055:Mountain Whites 6013: 5955: 5950: 5920: 5915: 5697: 5651: 5649: 5642: 5523: 5512:The Right Stuff 5469:Bible Believers 5457: 5337: 5335: 5328: 5246: 5222:Self-hating Jew 5099: 5080:Nation of Islam 5046: 4916: 4911: 4872: 4867: 4866: 4844: 4843: 4839: 4829: 4827: 4818: 4817: 4813: 4803: 4801: 4793: 4792: 4785: 4775: 4773: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4749: 4747: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4726: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4699: 4684: 4683: 4679: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4625:Anthony, Julius 4623: 4619: 4615:, November 1996 4599: 4595: 4588: 4573: 4572: 4568: 4561: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4534: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4507: 4492: 4491: 4487: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4439: 4438: 4434: 4424: 4423: 4419: 4406: 4405: 4398: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4365: 4364: 4357: 4347: 4346: 4342: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4317: 4316: 4312: 4302: 4301: 4297: 4275: 4274: 4270: 4260: 4259: 4255: 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Yad-NVashem 4180: 4176: 4170: 4167: 4155:. 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Vulture. 3344:: 412–416. 2699:Punchlines 2386:13 January 1946:References 1654:Jody Rosen 1631:Macklemore 1601:vaudeville 1546:and Jews. 1532:John Gross 1516:Ezra Pound 1504:T.S. 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