Jewish views on marriage - Knowledge (XXG)

1941:(divorce) if she seeks it because her husband is disgusting or loathsome to her. If either partner consistently refuses to participate, that person is considered rebellious, and the other spouse can sue for divorce. A very large number of Jewish texts attempting to regulate marital sexuality exist. This category can vary: it can mean a few biblical verse, chapters in medieval books of law, or self-standing modern traditional Jewish guides to marital sexuality. One should always remember that the fact a certain activity is recommended or forbidden, does not mean that in reality the advice is followed. We can know what generally traditional Jews were told to do or not to do in their bedrooms. We can very rarely know what actually happened. 1950:

for the time immediately following puberty, closer to the age of fourteen, essentially "as early in life as possible." Babylonian rabbis understood marriage as God's means of keeping male sexuality from going out of control, so they advocated for early marriage to prevent men from succumbing to temptation in their youth. The ḳeṭannah (children aged three to twelve) might be given in marriage by her father, and the marriage was valid, necessitating a formal divorce if separation was desired. Some commended early marriage for its benefits: Rabbi Ḥisda maintained that early marriage could lead to increased intelligence.

135: 1287: 2402: 121: 1470:), is valued in Jewish tradition. The Talmud states that a man should love his wife as much as he loves himself, and honour her more than he honours himself; indeed, one who honours his wife was said, by the classical rabbis, to be rewarded with wealth. Similarly, a husband was expected to discuss with his wife any worldly matters that might arise in his life. The Talmud forbids a husband from being overbearing to his household, and 1805:

of the Middle Ages clarified this, stating that the husband must make any provisions required by local burial customs, potentially including the hiring of mourners and the erection of a tombstone. According to the Talmud, and later rabbinic writers, if the husband was absent, or refused to do these things, a rabbinical court should arrange the wife's funeral, selling some of the husband's property in order to defray the costs.

7936: 5754: 177: 171: 24: 7950: 5743: 2505: 1186: 1983:(literally meaning "little ") was any girl between the age of 3 years and that of 12 years plus one day; she was subject to her father's authority, and he could arrange a marriage for her without her agreement. However, after reaching the age of maturity, she would have to agree to the marriage to be considered as married. If the father was dead or missing, the brothers of the 5867: 4722: 5774: 2276:; Historically, this was sometimes accomplished by beating and or monetary coercion. The rationale was that since he was required to divorce his wife due to his (or her) violations of the contract, his good inclination desires to divorce her, and the community helps him to do what he wants to do anyway. In this case, the wife may or may not be entitled to a payment. 5764: 183: 5874: 4191: 4106: 3563: 3314: 3034: 2926: 2605: 2296:

not view a civil divorce as sufficient. Therefore, a man or woman may be considered divorced by the Reform Jewish community, but still married by the Conservative community. Orthodox Judaism usually does not recognize Reform weddings because according to Talmudic law, the witnesses to the marriage must be Jews who observe

1589:, in which a wife would own a tent of her own, within which she retains complete independence from her husband; this principle appears to survive in parts of early Israelite society, as some early passages of the Bible appear to portray certain wives as each owning a tent as a personal possession (specifically, 1597:, and Jacob's wives). In later times, the Bible describes wives as being given the innermost room(s) of the husband's house, as her own private area to which men were not permitted; in the case of wealthy husbands, the Bible describes their wives as having each been given an entire house for this purpose. 1722:, a prominent 19th century halachic decisor, argued that if a man could not provide his wife with this minimum, he should be compelled to divorce her; other Jewish rabbis argued that a man should be compelled to hire himself out, as a day-labourer, if he cannot otherwise make this provision to his wife. 2328:(literally "an anchored woman"), and was not allowed to remarry; in traditional Judaism, divorce can only be initiated by the husband. Prior to modern communication, the death of the husband while in a distant land was a common cause of this situation. In modern times, when a husband refuses to issue a 1949:

Citing the primacy of the divine command given in Genesis 1:28, the time between puberty and age twenty has been considered the ideal time for men and women to be wed in traditional Jewish thought. Some rabbis have gone further to commend the age of eighteen as most ideal, while others have advocated

1804:

If the wife dies, even if not due to illness, the Talmud's stipulations require the husband to arrange, and pay for, her burial; the burial must, in the opinion of the Talmud, be one conducted in a manner befitting the husband's social status, and in accordance with the local custom. Prominent rabbis

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In March 2000, CCAR issued a new resolution stating that "We do hereby resolve that the relationship of a Jewish, same gender couple is worthy of affirmation through appropriate Jewish ritual, and further resolve, that we recognize the diversity of opinions within our ranks on this issue. We support

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at their weddings. They generally do not issue Jewish divorces, seeing a civil divorce as both necessary and sufficient; however, some Reform rabbis encourage the couple to go through a Jewish divorce procedure. Orthodox Judaism does not recognize civil law as overriding religious law, and thus does

1808:

If the wife was captured, the husband was required by the Talmud and later writers to pay the ransom demanded for her release; there is some debate whether the husband was required only to pay up to the wife's market value as a slave, or whether he must pay any ransom, even to the point of having to

1800:

The Talmud argues that a husband is responsible for the protection of his wife's body. If his wife became ill, then he would be compelled, by the Talmud, to defray any medical expense which might be incurred in relation to this; the Talmud requires him to ensure that the wife receives care. Although

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In Jewish tradition, the husband was expected to provide a home for his wife, furnished in accordance to local custom and appropriate to his status; the marital couple were expected to live together in this home, although if the husband's choice of work made it difficult to do so, the Talmud excuses

1725:

According to prominent Jewish writers of the Middle Ages, if a man is absent from his wife for a long period, the wife should be allowed to sell her husband's property, if necessary to sustain herself. Similarly, they argued that if a wife had to take out a loan to pay for her sustenance during such

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times, once the death penalty was no longer enforced for any crime, even when a woman was convicted, the punishment was comparatively mild: adulteresses were flogged instead. Nevertheless, the husbands of convicted adulteresses were not permitted by the Talmud to forgive their guilty wives, instead

1531:

According to the non-traditional view, in the Bible the wife is treated as a possession owned by her husband, but later Judaism imposed several obligations on the husband, effectively giving the wife several rights and freedoms; indeed, being a Jewish wife was often a more favourable situation than

1508:

Traditionally, the obligations of the husband include providing for his wife. He is obligated to provide for her sustenance for her benefit; in exchange, he is also entitled to her income. However, this is a right to the wife, and she can release her husband of the obligation of sustaining her, and

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In 1998, an ad hoc CCAR committee on human sexuality issued its majority report (11 to 1, 1 abstention) which stated that the holiness within a Jewish marriage "may be present in committed same gender relationships between two Jews and that these relationships can serve as the foundation of stable

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prohibits adultery; that the penalty for adultery is death; and that she immediately responded that she is doing so with full knowledge of those facts. Even if she was warned, but did not acknowledge those facts immediately upon hearing them, and immediately before doing the act, she is not put to

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is viewed as a contractual bond commanded by God in which a Jewish man and a Jewish woman come together to create a relationship in which God is directly involved. Though procreation is not the sole purpose, a Jewish marriage is traditionally expected to fulfil the commandment to have children. In

1750:

Most Jewish religious authorities held that a husband must allow his wife to eat at the same table as him, even if he gave his wife enough money to provide for herself. By contrast, if a husband mistreated his wife, or lived in a disreputable neighbourhood, the Jewish religious authorities would

1418:. After the reading, the mothers of the future bride and groom break a plate. Today, some sign the contract on the day of the wedding, some do it as an earlier ceremony, and some do not do it at all. It should also be emphasized that this practice is not explicitly mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. 1733:

on her property; the wife was not required to do this if she wished to support herself. Although the wife always retained ownership of her property itself, if she died while still married to her husband, he was to be her heir, according to the opinion of the Talmud; this principle, though, was

1953:

A large age gap between spouses, in either direction, is advised against as unwise. A younger woman marrying a significantly older man however is especially problematic: marrying one's young daughter to an old man was declared as reprehensible as forcing her into prostitution. Moreover, it is

2450:

However we may understand homosexuality, whether as an illness, as a genetically based dysfunction or as a sexual preference and lifestyle – we cannot accommodate the relationship of two homosexuals as a "marriage" within the context of Judaism, for none of the elements of

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him from the obligation. Traditionally, if the husband changed his usual abode, the wife was considered to have a duty to move with him. In the Middle Ages, it was argued that if a person continued to refuse to live with their spouse, the spouse in question had sufficient

2125:, and intermarriage is not forbidden. Reform and Reconstructionist rabbis are free to take their own approach to performing marriages between a Jewish and non-Jewish partner. Many, but not all, seek agreement from the couple that the children will be raised as Jewish. 2172:

woman" to highlight a potentially much darker skin tone. Under modern social constructs, this would constitute Moses's marriage as an interracial one. However, there is no concrete proof that the Cushite woman referred to in Numbers is the same Zipporah from Exodus.

1628:); if the husband does not provide the first wife with these things, she is to be divorced, without cost to her. The Talmud interprets this as a requirement for a man to provide food and clothing to, and have sex with, each of his wives, even if he only has one. 1754:

Expanding on the household tasks which the Bible implies a wife should undertake, rabbinic literature requires her to perform all the housework (such as baking, cooking, washing, caring for her children, etc.), unless her marriage had given the husband a large

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he technically had the right to divorce his wife, enabling him to avoid paying for her medical costs, several prominent rabbis throughout history condemned such a course of action as inhuman behaviour, even if the wife was suffering from a prolonged illness.

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sell his possessions to raise the funds. If the husband and wife were both taken captive, the historic Jewish view was that the rabbinic courts should first pay the ransom for the wife, selling some of the husband's property in order to raise the funds.

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may be made by the intending parties or by their respective parents or other relatives on their behalf with their consent. A man and a woman cannot be betrothed to one another without agency and consent. The act is formalized in a document known as the

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involves the groom handing an object to the bride – either an object of value such as a ring, or a document stating that she is being betrothed to him. In order to be valid, this must be done in the presence of two unrelated male witnesses. After

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has built in provisions; so, if predetermined circumstances occur, the divorce goes into effect immediately. After the fact, various Jewish and secular legal methods are used to deal with such problems. None of the legal solutions addresses the

2082:, 47% of marriages involving Jews in the United States between 1996 and 2001 were with non-Jewish partners. Jewish leaders in different branches generally agree that possible assimilation is a crisis, but they differ on the proper response to 1269:

this view, marriage is understood to mean that the husband and wife are merging into a single soul, which is why a man is considered "incomplete" if he is not married, as his soul is only one part of a larger whole that remains to be unified.

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It was not, however, a life of complete freedom. The descriptions of the Bible suggest that a wife was expected to perform certain household tasks: spinning, sewing, weaving, manufacture of clothing, fetching of water, baking of bread, and

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establishes the principle that a wife is entitled, but not compelled, to the same dignity and social standing as her husband, and is entitled to keep any additional advantages she had as a result of her social status before her marriage.

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laws. Orthodox brides and grooms attend classes on this subject prior to the wedding. The niddah laws are regarded as an intrinsic part of marital life (rather than just associated with women). Together with a few other rules, including

1973:

According to the Talmud, a father is commanded not to marry his daughter to anyone until she grows up and says, "I want this one". A marriage that takes place without the consent of the girl is not an effective legal marriage.

1933:. Sex within marriage is the woman's right, and the man's duty. The husband is forbidden from raping his wife, they are not to be intimate while drunk or while either party is angry at the other. A woman should be granted a 2191:, the only institutionalized form of Jewish marriage is the religious one, i.e., a marriage conducted under the auspices of the rabbinate. Specifically, marriage of Israeli Jews must be conducted according to Jewish Law ( 1904:) are considered an important part of an Orthodox Jewish marriage, and adherence to them is (in Orthodox Judaism) regarded as a prerequisite of marriage. This involves observance of the various details of the menstrual 1763:

and serving him his food. Jewish tradition expected the husband to provide the bed linen and kitchen utensils. If the wife had young twin children, the Talmud made her husband responsible for caring for one of them.

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Jewish families, thus adding strength to the Jewish community." The report called for CCAR to support rabbis in officiating at same-sex marriages. Also in 1998, the Responsa Committee of the CCAR issued a lengthy

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Non-Orthodox Jewish denominations, such as Reconstructionist, Reform, and Conservative Judaism, recognize same-sex marriage, and de-emphasize procreation, focusing on marriage as a bond between a couple.

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In order to offset the husband's duty to support his wife, she was required by the Talmud to surrender all her earnings to her husband, together with any profit she makes by accident, and the right of

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problematic for an older man to be unmarried in the first place. Marriage is held to be uniquely mandatory for men, and an unmarried man over the age of twenty is considered "cursed by God Himself."

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Among the general Jewish population in Israel, interfaith marriages are extremely rare; only about two percent were in an interfaith marriage. In addition, about 97 percent of Jews in the same

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in the first place. Orthodox Jews only consider a child to be Jewish if the mother is of Jewish ancestry or has undergone a proper conversion as conducted by proper rabbinical authorities.

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These rules made it practically impossible to convict any woman of adultery; in nearly every case, women were acquitted. However, due to the belief that a priest should be untainted, a

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of the year. The Talmudic rabbis insist that this annual clothing gift should include one hat, one belt, and three pairs of shoes (one pair for each of the three main annual festivals:

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Their answer to the problem of sexual desire centered on advocating early marriage. For Babylonian rabbis, the primary goal of marriage meant channeling and controlling male sexuality.

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Marriages performed in Israel must be carried out by religious authorities of an official religion (Judaism, Islam, Christianity, or Druze), unless both parties are without religion.

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passed a resolution approving same-sex civil marriage. However, this same resolution made a distinction between civil marriages and religious marriages; this resolution thus stated:

1363:), which would take place in a room or tent that the groom had set up for her. Since the Middle Ages the two ceremonies have taken place as a combined ceremony performed in public. 1566:

meaning "woman" or "wife"). The words are contrasted in Hosea 2:16, where God speaks to Israel as though it is his wife: "On that day, says the Lord, you will call 'my husband' (

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study, conducted in 2014-2015, did not approve of their child marrying a Muslim while 89 percent expressed similar views when asked about a hypothetical marriage to a Christian.

2477:(rabbinical opinion) that offered detailed argumentation in support of both sides of the question whether a rabbi may officiate at a commitment ceremony for a same-sex couple. 1520:

The Bible itself gives the wife protections, as per Exodus 21:10, although the rabbis may have added others later. The rights of the husband and wife are described in tractate

1439:) who finds and introduces the prospective bride and groom and receives a fee for their services. The young couple is not forced to marry if either does not accept the other. 5448: 5488: 2266:

document into the hand of the wife or her agent, but the wife may sue in rabbinical court to initiate the divorce. In such a case, a husband may be compelled to give the

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Within both the Conservative and Orthodox communities, there are efforts to avoid situations where a woman is not able to obtain a Jewish divorce from her husband. The

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Orthodox Judaism does not have a Jewish legal construct of same-gender marriage. While any two Jewish adults may be joined by a Jewish legal contract, the rites of

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As for the wife, the greatest praise the Talmudic rabbis offered to any woman was that given to a wife who fulfils the wishes of her husband; to this end, an early

1869:) gave her to a compensation payment for being divorced. Once divorced, an adulteress was not permitted, according to the Talmudic writers, to marry her paramour. 1772:

The Talmud elaborates on the biblical requirement of the husband to provide his wife with clothing, by insisting that each year he must provide each wife with 50

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Since around the 12th century, some officials within Judaism have recognized the right of a wife abused physically or psychologically to a forced divorce.

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does not sanction intermarriage, but encourages acceptance of the non-Jewish spouse within the family, hoping that such acceptance will lead to conversion.

6308: 5702: 4906: 5583: 2686: 1792:). The husband was also expected by the classical rabbis to provide his wife with jewelry and perfumes if he lived in an area where this was customary. 2460:

The Central Conference of American Rabbis support the right of gay and lesbian couples to share fully and equally in the rights of civil marriage, and

41: 6337: 2490: 7836: 2223:), cannot marry each other. This has led for calls, mostly from the secular segment of the Israeli public, for the institution of civil marriage. 3993: 6936: 6390: 5619: 6931: 5810: 4640: 4611: 4382: 3948: 3892: 2789: 2443: 1925:

In marriage, conjugal relations are guaranteed as a fundamental right for a woman, along with food and clothing. This obligation is known as

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the decision of those who choose to officiate at rituals of union for same-sex couples, and we support the decision of those who do not."

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times, these two ceremonies usually took place up to a year apart; the bride lived with her parents until the actual marriage ceremony (

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given by the man to his wife, or by the death of either party. Certain details, primarily as protections for the wife, were added in

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Non-Orthodox developments have brought changes in who may marry whom. Intermarriage is often discouraged, though opinions vary.

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was regarded with distaste by many rabbinic writers, even in the Talmud; in earlier classical Judaism, one major faction – the

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indicate that adultery was a frequent occurrence, despite their strong protests against it, and these legal strictnesses.

74: 7905: 2715: 1078: 7981: 7773: 7768: 6956: 6941: 6705: 6660: 6405: 5588: 5215: 4448:"Enforcement of Divorce Judgments in Jewish Courts in Israel: The Interaction Between Religious and Constitutional Law*" 2348:(literally, "a refuser of a divorce document"), unless a legitimate Beis Din had required him to issue a Get. The term 7976: 7870: 7855: 6736: 6596: 5967: 4696: 4270: 2518: 1834:

the woman had not been properly warned. This requires that the two witnesses testifying against her warn her that the

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That this is a matter of civil law, and is separate from the question of rabbinic officiation at such marriages.

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Traditionally, when a husband fled, or his whereabouts were unknown for any reason, the woman was considered an

2020:(literally meaning "refusal", "denial", "protest"), led to a true annulment, not a divorce; a divorce document ( 7860: 6990: 6865: 5358: 5063: 5000: 4140: 2034:

who did this was not regarded by legal regulations as a divorcee, in relation to the marriage. Unlike divorce,

1873: 1170: 1068: 5031: 4572: 4293:"Between Universal Feminism and Particular Nationalism: politics, religion and gender (in)equality in Israel" 7813: 7802: 7396: 7317: 7022: 6921: 6860: 6840: 6746: 6719: 5563: 5418: 5124: 5037: 4209: 4124: 3581: 3332: 3113: 3052: 2944: 2694: 2627: 1957:

There is evidence however that in some communities males did not marry until "thirty or older." In medieval

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communities, marriages may be arranged by the parents of the prospective bride and groom, who may arrange a

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permit the wife to move to another home elsewhere, and would compel the husband to finance her life there.

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If the marriage did end (due to divorce or the husband's death), any further marriages were optional; the

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in the Talmud, which explains how the rabbis balanced the two sets of rights of the wife and the husband.

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In Ancient Judaism a marriage could be established in three ways: money, contract, or sexual intercourse.

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are both quoted in the Talmud as expressing abhorrence, and arguing that such men would be condemned to

1209: 1165: 1083: 4485: 1989:, collectively, had the right to arrange a marriage for her, as had her mother. In these situations, a 120: 2272:, if he has violated any of his numerous obligations outlined in Jewish law and the couple's specific 2236:. These marriages are legally recognized by the State, but are not recognized by the State Rabbinate. 81: 7910: 7900: 7403: 6375: 6065: 5796: 5443: 5243: 2847: 2431: 2366: 2282: 2230:, either because they do not wish an Orthodox wedding or because their union cannot be sanctioned by 2153: 2108: 2095: 2083: 1962: 1140: 1073: 228: 4204: 3576: 3327: 3047: 2939: 2129:

There are also differences between streams on what constitutes an intermarriage, arising from their

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she can then keep her income exclusively for herself. The document that provides for this is the

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states that a wife should not leave the home "too frequently". A wife, also, was expected to be

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Rates of marriage between Jews and non-Jews have increased in countries other than Israel (the

2044:– argued that such annulment rights only existed during the betrothal (not engagement) period ( 1759:; in the latter situation, the wife was expected only to tend to "affectionate" tasks, such as 7674: 7605: 7487: 7472: 7255: 7126: 7091: 6380: 5674: 5667: 5598: 5568: 5010: 4825: 4467: 4378: 4368: 4328: 4312: 4048: 3944: 3888: 2785: 2773: 2614: 1773: 1702: 1664: 578: 373: 281: 7740: 7708: 7669: 7640: 7623: 7573: 7374: 7183: 7116: 7069: 7017: 6985: 6976: 6961: 6835: 6810: 6786: 6670: 6601: 6518: 6385: 6212: 6045: 5972: 5722: 5660: 5523: 5073: 4929: 4915: 4533: 4459: 4447: 4304: 4040: 3595: 3426: 2987: 2769: 2405: 2286: 2200: 2102: 2041: 1606: 1602: 1202: 864: 763: 499: 460: 445: 201: 176: 128: 5767: 4398: 7650: 7645: 7457: 7384: 7217: 7188: 7111: 7101: 7064: 7039: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6830: 6825: 6815: 6800: 6591: 6508: 6475: 6433: 6423: 6265: 6245: 6100: 5831: 5624: 5438: 5373: 5366: 5305: 5058: 4949: 3467: 2777: 2369:

in order to prevent husbands from refusing to give their wives a divorce. To do this, the

2227: 2075: 1719: 1660: 1652: 1545: 1100: 1008: 902: 455: 247: 212: 143: 4509: 2457:(sanctification) normally associated with marriage can be invoked for this relationship. 2334:

due to money, property, or custody battles, the woman who cannot remarry is considered a

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scholars, the death penalty for adultery was rarely applied. It forbids conviction if:

1760: 1584: 1471: 1422: 1338: 1233: 1190: 964: 759: 648: 554: 450: 326: 314: 257: 240: 207: 2756: 2302:, which is believed by Orthodox authorities to seldom be the case in Reform weddings. 7970: 7723: 7568: 7495: 7302: 7236: 7209: 7158: 7106: 7079: 7054: 7044: 6805: 6751: 6685: 6665: 6655: 6650: 6623: 6569: 6498: 6443: 6121: 6012: 5934: 5836: 4701: 4195: 4110: 4068: 3567: 3447: 3318: 3289: 3038: 2930: 2609: 1958: 1644: 1485:, even when alone with her husband. God's presence dwells in a pure and loving home. 1016: 931: 440: 340: 304: 170: 1643:

married and betrothed women, as well as their male accomplices, were subject to the

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is the documentation of a contract between a Jewish man and a Jewish woman in which

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formally approved same-sex marriage ceremonies in a 13–0 vote with one abstention.

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could compel the husband to make this provision, if he fails to do so voluntarily.

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the woman was unaware of the laws against adultery before she committed the crime;

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obligates a man to not deprive his wife of food, clothing, or of sexual activity (

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The husband, too, is indirectly implied to have responsibilities to his wife. The

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The Talmud sets a minimum provision which a husband must provide to his wife:

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by him was also condemned. It was said of a wife that "God counts her tears".

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That the CCAR oppose governmental efforts to ban gay and lesbian marriage.

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The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 4, The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period

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is often used in such circumstances, but it is not technically accurate.

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may be used to refer to marriage as a whole, and not just the betrothal.

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brings about the legal consequences of the change of circumstances. In

1261: 1130: 1036: 954: 859: 849: 804: 664: 659: 630: 618: 586: 465: 432: 416: 411: 401: 364: 162: 139: 2784:. Oxford Handbooks Series. Oxford University Press. pp. 384–385. 7733: 7600: 7536: 6270: 6255: 6217: 6207: 6192: 6177: 6163: 6148: 6126: 6050: 6022: 6017: 5992: 5982: 5977: 5908: 5893: 5503: 5284: 5235: 5228: 5221: 5192: 5179: 5174: 4863: 4839: 4815: 4784: 4779: 4759: 4711: 4676: 3735: 2878: 2820: 2555: 2545: 2525: 2337: 2323: 2315: 2252:(Jewish Law) allows for divorce. The document of divorce is termed a 2188: 2047: 1907: 1893: 1777: 1533: 1482: 1354: 1332: 1308: 1241: 1135: 1026: 974: 959: 949: 944: 917: 912: 895: 869: 854: 839: 814: 809: 725: 678: 653: 635: 549: 544: 521: 480: 470: 406: 383: 378: 2156:, nor is there explicit permission of such. However, debates around 6286: 4884: 2643:"We asked 22 rabbis: Is intermarriage a problem or an opportunity?" 7684: 7679: 7633: 7588: 7509: 7504: 6768: 6523: 6493: 6131: 6080: 6075: 5873: 3001: 2409: 2408:

protesters holding anti-LGBT signs during the Gay Pride parade in

2400: 2210: 2165: 1844: 1835: 1818: 1756: 1617: 1594: 1502: 1498: 1041: 939: 888: 881: 745: 740: 720: 715: 710: 625: 613: 608: 603: 596: 591: 516: 388: 354: 3887:. Brill's series in Jewish studies. Leiden ; Boston: Brill. 7783: 6317: 1928: 1914: 1859:, a conviction for adultery nullified any right that the wife's 1623: 1590: 1581:

Early nomadic communities practised a form of marriage known as

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is involved. In Judaism, a marriage can end either because of a

1125: 640: 6290: 5792: 4888: 4629: 2342:, not an agunah. A man in this situation would not be termed a 1839:

death. These conditions apply in all death-penalty convictions.

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the woman had been raped, rather than consenting to the crime;

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Wine, if it is customary in the locality for women to drink it

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about the duties which would be performed by a virtuous wife.

1501:, which have been clarified, defined, and expanded on by many 17: 2260:. The final divorce ceremony involves the husband giving the 2105:

do not sanction the validity or legitimacy of intermarriages.

1872:

As for men who committed adultery (with another man's wife),

1776:'s-worth of clothing, including garments appropriate to each 1734:

modified, in various ways, by the rabbis of the Middle Ages.

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Hoffman, Lawrence A. (1996). "The Jewish Wedding Ceremony".

4347:"Most Israeli Jews support Jewish pluralism, civil marriage" 3937:

Michael Satlow (1984). William Horbury; John Sturdy (eds.).

1965:, young marriage has become rarer among Jewish communities. 1961:

communities, women continued to be married young. Since the

1635:

society, the Israelites did not have any laws which imposed

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was compelled to divorce his wife if she had been raped.

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absence, her husband had to pay the debt on his return.

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being a wife in many other cultures. For example, the

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apply, and the marriage cannot be dissolved without a

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permit total personal autonomy in interpretation of

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Conservative Halakha § Restrictions on marriage

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the woman had mistaken the paramour for her husband;

1682:

Sufficient oil for cooking and for lighting purposes

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The choice of a 4765:Prohibition of extracting semen in vain (Judaism) 3708: 3706: 2782:The Oxford Handbook of Jewish Ethics and Morality 2560:(prohibitions of seclusion with the opposite sex) 1917:, these are collectively termed "family purity". 1305:, marriage consists of two separate acts, called 3109: 3107: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 4291:Halperin-Kaddari, Ruth; Yadgar, Yaacov (2010). 3994:"Chapter Six: The Appropriate Age for Marriage" 3692: 3690: 3641: 3639: 3463: 3461: 3438: 3436: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2448: 1855:being compelled to divorce them; according to 1663:, but one that took a miracle to convict. The 1497:are ultimately based on those apparent in the 6302: 5804: 4900: 4641: 3943:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 622–. 3278:This article incorporates text from the 1903 2422:are reserved for a union of a man and woman. 1210: 8: 4374:The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion 4185: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4100: 4098: 4096: 3606: 3604: 3557: 3555: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3022: 1465: 7791:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation 4559:Life Cycles in Jewish and Christian Worship 2285:follows halacha, although differently than 1572:), and will no longer call me 'my master' ( 6471: 6309: 6295: 6287: 5811: 5797: 5789: 5692: 5649: 5609: 5336: 5273: 5134: 5048: 4984: 4907: 4893: 4885: 4648: 4634: 4626: 3885:Traditional Jewish sex guidance: a history 2859: 2857: 2382:problem in the case of a missing husband. 1217: 1203: 149: 4161:Solomon Schechter; Julius H. Greenstone. 4141:"CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR LEGAL MARRIAGE" 3657: 3655: 3080: 3078: 3065: 3063: 2080:National Jewish Population Survey 2000-01 1679:Enough bread for at least two meals a day 108:Learn how and when to remove this message 6338:Index of Jewish history-related articles 4271:"11. Intergroup marriage and friendship" 3914:"MARRIAGE LAWS - JewishEncyclopedia.com" 2491:Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association 2152:. There is no historical prohibition of 2014:to annul a marriage, known in Hebrew as 1999:her marriage, even if it was the first. 1433:by engaging a professional match-maker ( 1285: 133: 119: 7837:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 2596: 2570: 161: 5635:Jewish League for Woman Suffrage (UK) 4269:Pew Research Center (March 8, 2016). 3848:"The Purposes of Marriage in Judaism" 2617:; Greenstone, Julius H. (1901–1906). 2444:Central Conference of American Rabbis 2430:In June 2012, the American branch of 7: 5763: 3118:Kinship and Marriage in early Arabia 2052:) and not once the actual marriage ( 1915:those about the ejaculation of semen 46:adding citations to reliable sources 5773: 2131:differing criteria for being Jewish 1493:Marriage obligations and rights in 1466: 7784:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research 7764:American Jewish Historical Society 4750:Forbidden relationships in Judaism 4090:Shulchan Aruch, Even Ha'ezer, 42:1 4081:Shulchan Aruch, Even Ha'ezer, 37:8 1671:In the Talmud and Rabbinic Judaism 14: 5703:Orthodox Jewish schools for women 4799:Women forbidden to their husbands 4486:"Wifebeating in Jewish Tradition" 4203:; et al., eds. (1901–1906). 4118:; et al., eds. (1901–1906). 3575:; et al., eds. (1901–1906). 3326:; et al., eds. (1901–1906). 3046:; et al., eds. (1901–1906). 2938:; et al., eds. (1901–1906). 2530:(guidelines for physical contact) 1560:(also meaning "man", parallel to 7948: 7935: 7934: 5872: 5865: 5772: 5762: 5753: 5752: 5741: 5630:League of Jewish Women (Germany) 4720: 4446:Kaplan, Yehiel S. (2012-01-01). 4213:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. 4189: 4128:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. 4104: 3585:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. 3561: 3336:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. 3312: 3056:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. 3032: 2948:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. 2924: 2676:Babylonian Talmud, Yebomoth 62b. 2631:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. 2603: 2503: 1396:, the couple may live together. 1184: 181: 175: 169: 22: 4775:Head covering for married women 1995:would always have the right to 1489:Conjugal rights and obligations 33:needs additional citations for 7856:Relations with other religions 5640:Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz 5026:World Congress of Jewish Women 5016:1907 New York City Rent Strike 5006:1904 New York City Rent Strike 4579:. Associated Press. 2015-03-25 4452:Middle East Law and Governance 4027:Lowenstein, Steven M. (1994). 2645:. Forward.com. 31 October 2017 2219:, or a Jew and one who is not 2070:Interfaith marriage in Judaism 1649:biblical laws against adultery 1503:prominent rabbinic authorities 1: 7843:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 4790:You shall not commit adultery 2780:; Crane, Jonathan K. (eds.). 1898:The laws of "family purity" ( 1554:(also meaning "master"), and 1548:has two words for "husband": 7774:Leo Baeck Institute New York 7769:American Sephardi Federation 4514:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org 4403:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org 4309:10.1080/01436597.2010.502721 3883:Marienberg, Evyatar (2022). 2485:In Reconstructionist Judaism 1817:In the classical era of the 1707: 1622: 1583: 1574: 1568: 1562: 1556: 1550: 6597:Constantinopolitan Karaites 3288:, a publication now in the 2739:. Beliefnet.com. 2011-02-17 2579: 2554: 2544: 2534: 2524: 2519:Jewish prenuptial agreement 2473: 2453: 2418: 2378: 2371: 2359: 2350: 2344: 2336: 2330: 2322: 2307: 2298: 2291: 2268: 2262: 2254: 2248: 2232: 2209: 2193: 2054: 2046: 2036: 2030: 2028:) was not necessary, and a 2022: 2016: 2010: 2004: 1991: 1985: 1979: 1935: 1927: 1906: 1900: 1865: 1698:consisting of fish and meat 1685:Sufficient wood for cooking 1522: 1511: 1460: 1435: 1427: 1414: 1408: 1401: 1392: 1378: 1371: 1359: 1349: 1343: 1331: 1325: 1315: 1307: 8018: 7825:National Library of Israel 6466:Zionism, race and genetics 3918:www.jewishencyclopedia.com 2389: 2313: 2180: 2093: 2067: 1891: 1705:of a silver coin (Hebrew: 1657:ordeal of the bitter water 1458:Marital harmony, known as 1451: 57:"Jewish views on marriage" 7923: 7779:Yeshiva University Museum 7759:Center for Jewish History 6328: 5863: 5736: 5354:Rabbis and Torah scholars 4977:Gender and Jewish studies 4962:Matrilineality in Judaism 4828:of a woman to her husband 4718: 2392:Homosexuality and Judaism 2119:Reconstructionist Judaism 1369:According to the Talmud, 1273:Recent non-Orthodox views 6371:Ancient Israel and Judah 5594:Women's Rabbinic Network 5001:1902 Kosher Meat Boycott 4770:Rabbi Zeira's stringency 4682:Jewish views on marriage 4464:10.1163/187633712X631246 2365:serves this function in 6747:North African Sephardim 6720:Jewish tribes of Arabia 5564:Women of Reform Judaism 5459:Haifa Women's Coalition 4995:Jewish Women's Congress 4210:The Jewish Encyclopedia 4125:The Jewish Encyclopedia 3582:The Jewish Encyclopedia 3333:The Jewish Encyclopedia 3114:William Robertson Smith 3053:The Jewish Encyclopedia 2945:The Jewish Encyclopedia 2628:The Jewish Encyclopedia 2426:In Conservative Judaism 1339:Jewish wedding ceremony 7850:Holocaust Encyclopedia 7820:Jewish Virtual Library 5728:Tomb of the Matriarchs 5509:League of Jewish Women 5464:Israel Women's Network 5209:Practices and concepts 5021:1909 Shirtwaist Strike 4755:Jewish views on incest 4740:Cunnilingus in Halacha 4490:Jewish Women's Archive 3870:Jewish Women's Archive 2774:"Jewish Sexual Ethics" 2718:. Fox News. 2012-06-01 2625:; et al. (eds.). 2468: 2413: 1298: 1282:Betrothal and marriage 147: 131: 7987:Judaism and sexuality 7797:Encyclopaedia Judaica 7579:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh 6764:Sephardic Bnei Anusim 6514:Udmurt and Tatar Jews 5930:Prayers and blessings 5554:Union of Jewish Women 5479:Women Artists' Circle 5032:Women's Torah Project 4618:on December 17, 2004. 4399:"Marriage in Judaism" 4297:Third World Quarterly 3286:"Jealousy, Ordeal of" 3281:Encyclopaedia Biblica 2404: 2168:, is described as a " 2094:Further information: 1289: 137: 123: 7997:Judaism and children 6376:Second Temple period 6066:Weekly Torah reading 5620:Clara de Hirsch Home 5038:Women's Siyum HaShas 3383:Hebrew-English Bible 3369:Hebrew-English Bible 3358:Deuteronomy 22:22–25 3347:Hebrew-English Bible 3262:Hebrew-English Bible 3248:Hebrew-English Bible 3234:Hebrew-English Bible 3208:Hebrew-English Bible 3190:Hebrew-English Bible 3172:Hebrew-English Bible 3158:Hebrew-English Bible 3144:Hebrew-English Bible 3130:Hebrew-English Bible 3097:Hebrew-English Bible 2663:Hebrew-English Bible 2432:Conservative Judaism 2367:Conservative Judaism 2283:Conservative Judaism 2154:interracial marriage 2150:interfaith marriages 2144:Interracial Marriage 2109:Conservative Judaism 2078:). 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8011: 8010: 8008: 8007: 8006: 7967: 7966: 7965: 7960: 7949: 7947: 7919: 7745: 7610: 7482: 7356: 7250: 7065:Judeo-Borujerdi 7040:Judeo-Malayalam 6986:Judeo-Aragonese 6957:Lishanid Noshan 6789: 6777: 6509:Oberlander Jews 6470: 6400: 6342: 6324: 6315: 6285: 6280: 6266:Yahrzeit candle 6227: 6115:Religious items 6110: 6032: 5954: 5935:Prayer services 5913: 5877: 5871: 5870: 5861: 5832:Hebrew birthday 5820: 5817: 5787: 5782: 5742: 5740: 5732: 5707: 5687: 5644: 5625:Di Vilde Chayes 5608: 5559:Cantors Network 5439:Chochmat Nashim 5403: 5374:Toanot Rabniyot 5367:Yoetzet halacha 5340:Religious roles 5331: 5306:Tefillin Barbie 5272: 5200: 5160:Marital harmony 5133: 5080: 5059:Jewish feminism 5043: 4983: 4918: 4913: 4883: 4878: 4849: 4820: 4794: 4725: 4716: 4660: 4654: 4624: 4623: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4582: 4580: 4571: 4570: 4566: 4556: 4555: 4551: 4542: 4540: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4518: 4516: 4508: 4507: 4503: 4494: 4492: 4484: 4483: 4479: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4431: 4429: 4421: 4420: 4416: 4407: 4405: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4385: 4363: 4362: 4358: 4345: 4344: 4340: 4290: 4289: 4285: 4275: 4273: 4268: 4267: 4263: 4255: 4251: 4243: 4239: 4231: 4227: 4222: 4218: 4201:Singer, Isidore 4199: 4190: 4188: 4177: 4167: 4165: 4163:"MARRIAGE LAWS" 4160: 4159: 4155: 4145: 4143: 4138: 4137: 4133: 4116:Singer, Isidore 4114: 4105: 4103: 4094: 4089: 4085: 4080: 4076: 4026: 4025: 4021: 4009: 4005: 3992: 3991: 3987: 3979: 3975: 3965: 3961: 3951: 3936: 3935: 3931: 3922: 3920: 3912: 3911: 3902: 3895: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3872:. 12 July 2021. 3864: 3863: 3859: 3846: 3845: 3841: 3833: 3829: 3821: 3817: 3804: 3800: 3792: 3788: 3780: 3776: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3755: 3747: 3743: 3733: 3729: 3711: 3704: 3695: 3688: 3675: 3668: 3660: 3653: 3644: 3637: 3624: 3617: 3609: 3602: 3594: 3590: 3573:Singer, Isidore 3571: 3562: 3560: 3553: 3545: 3541: 3532: 3528: 3515: 3511: 3503: 3499: 3491: 3478: 3468:Jacob ben Asher 3466: 3459: 3441: 3434: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3403: 3381: 3377: 3372:Numbers 5:11–31 3367: 3363: 3354:Leviticus 20:10 3345: 3341: 3324:Singer, Isidore 3322: 3313: 3311: 3296: 3277: 3270: 3260: 3256: 3246: 3242: 3232: 3228: 3206: 3202: 3188: 3184: 3170: 3166: 3156: 3152: 3142: 3138: 3128: 3124: 3112: 3105: 3095: 3091: 3083: 3076: 3068: 3061: 3044:Singer, Isidore 3042: 3033: 3031: 3020: 3013: 3009: 2999: 2995: 2985: 2981: 2971: 2967: 2957: 2953: 2936:Singer, Isidore 2934: 2925: 2923: 2886: 2876: 2872: 2862: 2855: 2845: 2841: 2836:. 9 March 2012. 2832: 2831: 2827: 2818: 2814: 2809: 2805: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2768: 2767: 2763: 2755: 2751: 2742: 2740: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2721: 2719: 2714: 2713: 2709: 2700: 2698: 2685: 2684: 2680: 2675: 2671: 2661: 2657: 2648: 2646: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2623:Singer, Isidore 2619:"Marriage Laws" 2613: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2587: 2576: 2572: 2567: 2509: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2487: 2440: 2428: 2412:, Israel (2010) 2406:Orthodox Jewish 2399: 2394: 2388: 2318: 2312: 2245: 2228:civil marriages 2185: 2179: 2146: 2098: 2092: 2076:Jewish diaspora 2072: 2066: 1971: 1947: 1945:Age of marriage 1923: 1896: 1890: 1874:Abba ben Joseph 1815: 1798: 1770: 1740: 1716:Rabbinic courts 1673: 1661:trial by ordeal 1653:Book of Numbers 1546:Biblical Hebrew 1543: 1491: 1456: 1450: 1448:Marital harmony 1445: 1319:, which is the 1284: 1275: 1260:In traditional 1258: 1253: 1223: 1185: 1183: 1176: 1175: 1121: 1120: 1111: 1110: 1101:Judeo-Christian 1064: 1063: 1061:Other religions 1052: 1051: 1012: 1011: 1000: 999: 935: 934: 923: 922: 877: 830: 829: 820: 819: 801: 767: 766: 751: 750: 706: 705: 703:Religious roles 694: 693: 656: 652: 582: 581: 570: 569: 531: 507: 506: 491: 490: 456:Mishnah Berurah 436: 435: 424: 423: 398: 351: 344: 343: 332: 331: 285: 284: 273: 272: 204: 197: 196: 144:Brooklyn Museum 114: 103: 97: 94: 51: 49: 39: 27: 12: 11: 5: 8015: 8013: 8005: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7969: 7968: 7962: 7961: 7959: 7958: 7944: 7924: 7921: 7920: 7918: 7917: 7916: 7915: 7914: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7897:non-Christian 7895: 7894: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7853: 7846: 7839: 7834: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7793: 7788: 7787: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7755: 7753: 7747: 7746: 7744: 7743: 7738: 7737: 7736: 7731: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7700: 7699: 7689: 7688: 7687: 7682: 7672: 7667: 7666: 7665: 7655: 7654: 7653: 7643: 7638: 7637: 7636: 7631: 7620: 7618: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7596:Shulchan Aruch 7593: 7592: 7591: 7586: 7584:Sefer Yetzirah 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7564:Pardes Rimonim 7561: 7554:Kabbalah texts 7551: 7550: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7524: 7523: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7498: 7492: 7490: 7484: 7483: 7481: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7444: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7432: 7431: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7400: 7399: 7394: 7393: 7392: 7387: 7366: 7364: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7354: 7349: 7347:Land of Israel 7344: 7343: 7342: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7321: 7320: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7299: 7298: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7272: 7271: 7260: 7258: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7248: 7243: 7242: 7241: 7240: 7239: 7234: 7233: 7232: 7225: 7223:Judeo-Alsatian 7215: 7214: 7213: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7150: 7149: 7144: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7088: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7075:Judeo-Hamedani 7072: 7067: 7062: 7052: 7050:Judaeo-Occitan 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7031: 7030: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7009: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6991:Jewish English 6988: 6983: 6982: 6981: 6980: 6979: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6922:Judaeo-Aramaic 6919: 6918: 6917: 6912: 6910:Judeo-Tunisian 6907: 6902: 6900:Judeo-Moroccan 6897: 6896: 6895: 6893:Judeo-Baghdadi 6880: 6875: 6870: 6869: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6797: 6795: 6783: 6782: 6779: 6778: 6776: 6775: 6774: 6773: 6772: 6771: 6761: 6760: 6759: 6749: 6744: 6742:Livornese Jews 6739: 6729: 6724: 6723: 6722: 6712: 6711: 6710: 6709: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6633: 6632: 6631: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6605: 6604: 6599: 6589: 6584: 6583: 6582: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6561: 6560: 6555: 6545: 6544: 6543: 6538: 6528: 6527: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6489:Afrikaner-Jode 6480: 6478: 6469: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6457: 6456: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6410: 6408: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6352: 6350: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6340: 6335: 6329: 6326: 6325: 6316: 6314: 6313: 6306: 6299: 6291: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6241:Chevra Kadisha 6237: 6235: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6174: 6173: 6168: 6167: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6146: 6145: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6118: 6116: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6042: 6040: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5998:Jewish wedding 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5964: 5962: 5956: 5955: 5953: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5925:Ritual washing 5921: 5919: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5885: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5828: 5826: 5822: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5815: 5808: 5801: 5793: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5780: 5770: 5760: 5750: 5737: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5730: 5725: 5719: 5717: 5713: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5705: 5699: 5697: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5685: 5678: 5671: 5664: 5656: 5654: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5616: 5614: 5607: 5606: 5601: 5599:Women's Spirit 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5544:Philomath Club 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5415: 5413: 5409: 5408: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5394: 5393: 5392: 5382: 5377: 5370: 5363: 5362: 5361: 5351: 5343: 5341: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5329: 5324: 5317: 5310: 5309: 5308: 5295: 5288: 5280: 5278: 5271: 5270: 5269: 5268: 5258: 5253: 5252: 5251: 5241: 5240: 5239: 5232: 5225: 5212: 5210: 5206: 5205: 5202: 5201: 5199: 5198: 5197: 5196: 5184: 5183: 5182: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5141: 5139: 5132: 5131: 5122: 5121: 5120: 5104: 5092: 5090: 5086: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5078: 5077: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5055: 5053: 5045: 5044: 5042: 5041: 5035: 5029: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4991: 4989: 4982: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4954: 4953: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4926: 4924: 4923:General topics 4920: 4919: 4914: 4912: 4911: 4904: 4897: 4889: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4860: 4858: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4835:Hefsek taharah 4831: 4829: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4802: 4800: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4736: 4734: 4727: 4726: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4687:Jewish wedding 4684: 4679: 4674: 4668: 4666: 4665:Jewish wedding 4662: 4661: 4655: 4653: 4652: 4645: 4638: 4630: 4622: 4621: 4603: 4598:"MLjewish.org" 4589: 4564: 4549: 4525: 4501: 4477: 4438: 4414: 4390: 4383: 4367:, ed. (2011). 4356: 4338: 4303:(6): 905–920. 4283: 4261: 4249: 4237: 4225: 4216: 4175: 4153: 4131: 4092: 4083: 4074: 4033:Jewish History 4019: 4003: 3998:www.chabad.org 3985: 3973: 3959: 3949: 3929: 3900: 3893: 3875: 3857: 3852:www.chabad.org 3839: 3827: 3815: 3798: 3786: 3774: 3762: 3753: 3741: 3727: 3718:Shulkhan Arukh 3702: 3686: 3666: 3651: 3635: 3615: 3600: 3588: 3551: 3539: 3526: 3509: 3497: 3476: 3457: 3432: 3413: 3401: 3390:Jeremiah 23:10 3375: 3361: 3339: 3294: 3284: article 3268: 3254: 3240: 3226: 3200: 3182: 3164: 3150: 3136: 3122: 3103: 3089: 3074: 3059: 3018: 3007: 2993: 2979: 2974:Genesis Rabbah 2965: 2951: 2884: 2870: 2853: 2839: 2825: 2812: 2803: 2790: 2761: 2749: 2728: 2707: 2678: 2669: 2655: 2634: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2585: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2562: 2561: 2551: 2541: 2531: 2521: 2515: 2514: 2511:Judaism portal 2498: 2495: 2486: 2483: 2439: 2436: 2427: 2424: 2398: 2395: 2387: 2384: 2314:Main article: 2311: 2304: 2244: 2241: 2178: 2175: 2164:, the wife of 2145: 2142: 2127: 2126: 2115:Reform Judaism 2112: 2106: 2091: 2088: 2068:Main article: 2065: 2062: 1970: 1967: 1946: 1943: 1922: 1919: 1892:Main article: 1889: 1886: 1841: 1840: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1814: 1811: 1797: 1794: 1769: 1766: 1761:making his bed 1739: 1736: 1713: 1712: 1699: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1672: 1669: 1542: 1539: 1490: 1487: 1472:domestic abuse 1452:Main article: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1382:, the laws of 1323:ceremony, and 1283: 1280: 1274: 1271: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1225: 1224: 1222: 1221: 1214: 1207: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1178: 1177: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1122: 1119:Related topics 1118: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1087: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1065: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1013: 1009:Major holidays 1007: 1006: 1005: 1002: 1001: 998: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 965:Birkat Hamazon 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 936: 930: 929: 928: 925: 924: 921: 920: 915: 909: 908: 907: 906: 899: 892: 885: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 831: 828:Ritual objects 827: 826: 825: 822: 821: 818: 817: 812: 807: 800: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 768: 758: 757: 756: 753: 752: 749: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 707: 701: 700: 699: 696: 695: 692: 691: 686: 681: 675: 674: 673: 672: 667: 662: 649:Rabbinic sages 644: 643: 638: 633: 628: 622: 621: 616: 611: 606: 600: 599: 594: 589: 583: 577: 576: 575: 572: 571: 568: 567: 562: 557: 555:Chevra kadisha 552: 547: 542: 537: 530: 529: 524: 519: 514: 508: 498: 497: 496: 493: 492: 489: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 451:Shulchan Aruch 448: 443: 437: 431: 430: 429: 426: 425: 422: 421: 420: 419: 414: 409: 404: 392: 391: 386: 381: 376: 370: 369: 368: 367: 362: 357: 345: 339: 338: 337: 334: 333: 330: 329: 327:Musar movement 324: 323: 322: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 286: 280: 279: 278: 275: 274: 271: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 244: 243: 238: 237: 236: 225: 224: 223: 222: 217: 216: 215: 198: 192: 191: 190: 187: 186: 166: 165: 159: 158: 142:, dated 1740 ( 116: 115: 30: 28: 21: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8014: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7957: 7956: 7945: 7943: 7942: 7933: 7932: 7931: 7927: 7922: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7898: 7896: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7881:Protestantism 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7863: 7862: 7859: 7858: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7851: 7847: 7845: 7844: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7832: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7815: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7798: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7761: 7760: 7757: 7756: 7754: 7752: 7748: 7742: 7739: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7726: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7698: 7695: 7694: 7693: 7690: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7677: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7664: 7661: 7660: 7659: 7656: 7652: 7649: 7648: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7626: 7625: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7617: 7613: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7569:Sefer HaBahir 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7556: 7555: 7552: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7529: 7528: 7525: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7507: 7506: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7496:Sifrei Kodesh 7494: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7485: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7430: 7427: 7426: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7398: 7395: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7382: 7381: 7378: 7377: 7376: 7373: 7372: 7371: 7368: 7367: 7365: 7363: 7359: 7353: 7352:Who is a Jew? 7350: 7348: 7345: 7341: 7338: 7337: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7319: 7316: 7315: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7297: 7294: 7293: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7281:Chosen people 7279: 7277: 7274: 7270: 7267: 7266: 7265: 7262: 7261: 7259: 7257: 7253: 7247: 7244: 7238: 7237:Scots-Yiddish 7235: 7231: 7230: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7220: 7219: 7216: 7212: 7211: 7210:Klezmer-loshn 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7191: 7190: 7187: 7186: 7185: 7182: 7181: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7139: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7080:Judeo-Shirazi 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7057: 7056: 7055:Judeo-Persian 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7045:Judeo-Marathi 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7029: 7026: 7025: 7024: 7023:Judeo-Italian 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6993: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6978: 6975: 6974: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6924: 6923: 6920: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6894: 6891: 6890: 6889: 6886: 6885: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6878:Judeo-Amazigh 6876: 6874: 6871: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6803: 6802: 6799: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6788: 6784: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6765: 6762: 6758: 6755: 6754: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6734: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6721: 6718: 6717: 6716: 6713: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6701:Hadhrami Jews 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6688: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6666:Mountain Jews 6664: 6662: 6661:Egyptian Jews 6659: 6657: 6656:Bukharan Jews 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6637: 6634: 6630: 6627: 6626: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6594: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6581: 6578: 6577: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6550: 6549: 6546: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6533: 6532: 6529: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6485: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6477: 6473: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6444:Lists of Jews 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6403: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6353: 6351: 6349: 6345: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6330: 6327: 6323: 6319: 6312: 6307: 6305: 6300: 6298: 6293: 6292: 6289: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6234: 6230: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6172: 6169: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6147: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6123: 6122:Sifrei Kodesh 6120: 6119: 6117: 6113: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6035: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6013:Sheva Brachot 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5973:Role of women 5971: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5957: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5916: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5882:Coming of age 5880: 5875: 5868: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5837:Shalom Zachar 5835: 5833: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5823: 5814: 5809: 5807: 5802: 5800: 5795: 5794: 5791: 5779: 5771: 5769: 5761: 5759: 5751: 5749: 5739: 5738: 5735: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5723:Rachel's Tomb 5721: 5720: 5718: 5714: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5694: 5684: 5683: 5679: 5677: 5676: 5672: 5670: 5669: 5665: 5663: 5662: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5651: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5617: 5615: 5611: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5524:N'shei Chabad 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5416: 5414: 5412:Organizations 5410: 5400: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5388: 5387: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5375: 5371: 5369: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5357: 5356: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5349: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5338: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5322: 5318: 5316: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5304: 5303: 5302: 5301: 5296: 5294: 5293: 5289: 5287: 5286: 5282: 5281: 5279: 5275: 5267: 5266:Homosexuality 5264: 5263: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5256:Birth control 5254: 5250: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5242: 5238: 5237: 5233: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5207: 5195: 5194: 5190: 5189: 5188: 5185: 5181: 5178: 5177: 5176: 5175:Ritual purity 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5165:Head covering 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5142: 5140: 5136: 5130: 5128: 5123: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5114: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5103: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5093: 5091: 5087: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5060: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5050: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4996: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4986: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4959: 4958: 4955: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4932: 4931: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4910: 4905: 4903: 4898: 4896: 4891: 4890: 4887: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4852: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4823: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4797: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4702:Sheva Brachot 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4669: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4651: 4646: 4644: 4639: 4637: 4632: 4631: 4628: 4617: 4613: 4612:"CCARnet.org" 4607: 4604: 4599: 4593: 4590: 4578: 4574: 4568: 4565: 4560: 4553: 4550: 4539: 4535: 4529: 4526: 4515: 4511: 4505: 4502: 4491: 4487: 4481: 4478: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4442: 4439: 4428: 4424: 4418: 4415: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4391: 4386: 4380: 4376: 4375: 4370: 4366: 4365:Berlin, Adele 4360: 4357: 4353:. 8 May 2016. 4352: 4348: 4342: 4339: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4287: 4284: 4272: 4265: 4262: 4258: 4253: 4250: 4246: 4241: 4238: 4234: 4229: 4226: 4220: 4217: 4212: 4211: 4206: 4202: 4197: 4196:public domain 4186: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4164: 4157: 4154: 4142: 4135: 4132: 4127: 4126: 4121: 4117: 4112: 4111:public domain 4101: 4099: 4097: 4093: 4087: 4084: 4078: 4075: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4023: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4004: 3999: 3995: 3989: 3986: 3982: 3977: 3974: 3970: 3969: 3963: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3942: 3941: 3933: 3930: 3919: 3915: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3896: 3890: 3886: 3879: 3876: 3871: 3867: 3861: 3858: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3840: 3836: 3831: 3828: 3824: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3807:Mishneh Torah 3802: 3799: 3795: 3790: 3787: 3783: 3778: 3775: 3771: 3766: 3763: 3757: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3742: 3738: 3737: 3731: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3698:Eben ha-'Ezer 3693: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3678:Mishneh Torah 3673: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3658: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3647:Eben ha-'Ezer 3642: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3627:Mishneh Torah 3622: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3592: 3589: 3584: 3583: 3578: 3574: 3569: 3568:public domain 3558: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3540: 3536: 3535:Eben ha-'Ezer 3530: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3518:Mishneh Torah 3513: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3498: 3494: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3472:Eben ha-'Ezer 3469: 3464: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3449: 3448:Mishneh Torah 3444: 3439: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3427:Eben ha-'Ezer 3423: 3417: 3414: 3410: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3384: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3350:Ezekiel 16:40 3348: 3343: 3340: 3335: 3334: 3329: 3325: 3320: 3319:public domain 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3290:public domain 3287: 3283: 3282: 3275: 3273: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3223:1 Samuel 8:13 3220: 3219:1 Samuel 2:19 3216: 3212: 3209: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3197:2 Kings 24:15 3194: 3191: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3176: 3173: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3147:Genesis 24:26 3145: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3126: 3123: 3120:, (1885), 167 3119: 3115: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3093: 3090: 3086: 3081: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3054: 3049: 3045: 3040: 3039:public domain 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3016: 3011: 3008: 3004: 3003: 2997: 2994: 2990: 2989: 2983: 2980: 2976: 2975: 2969: 2966: 2962: 2961: 2955: 2952: 2947: 2946: 2941: 2937: 2932: 2931:public domain 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2880: 2874: 2871: 2867: 2866: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2849: 2843: 2840: 2835: 2829: 2826: 2822: 2816: 2813: 2810:Kiddushin 1:1 2807: 2804: 2793: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2765: 2762: 2758: 2753: 2750: 2738: 2732: 2729: 2717: 2711: 2708: 2697:on 2007-12-24 2696: 2692: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2659: 2656: 2644: 2638: 2635: 2630: 2629: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2610:public domain 2600: 2597: 2590: 2581: 2574: 2571: 2564: 2558: 2557: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2542: 2538: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2516: 2512: 2501: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2484: 2482: 2478: 2475: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2447: 2445: 2442:In 1996, the 2437: 2435: 2433: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2396: 2393: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2362: 2355: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2339: 2338:Mesorevet get 2332: 2326: 2325: 2317: 2309: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2293: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2270: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2250: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2213: 2212: 2206: 2202: 2197: 2196: 2190: 2184: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2160:suggest that 2159: 2155: 2151: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2134: 2132: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2100: 2099: 2097: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2084:intermarriage 2081: 2077: 2071: 2064:Intermarriage 2063: 2061: 2060:) had begun. 2058: 2057: 2050: 2049: 2043: 2038: 2032: 2026: 2025: 2018: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1998: 1993: 1987: 1981: 1975: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1963:Enlightenment 1960: 1955: 1951: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1931: 1930: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1910: 1909: 1902: 1895: 1888:Family purity 1887: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1870: 1867: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1846: 1837: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1822: 1820: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1752: 1748: 1746: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1727: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1709: 1704: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1676: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1645:death penalty 1642: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1619: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1587: 1586: 1579: 1576: 1570: 1564: 1558: 1552: 1547: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1475: 1473: 1462: 1455: 1447: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1431: 1430: 1424: 1419: 1416: 1410: 1409:Shtar Tena'im 1403: 1397: 1394: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1373: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1345: 1340: 1337:, the actual 1335: 1334: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1311: 1310: 1304: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1281: 1279: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1263: 1256:Historic view 1255: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1201: 1200: 1198: 1197: 1192: 1182: 1181: 1180: 1179: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1115: 1114: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1062: 1056: 1055: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1017:Rosh Hashanah 1015: 1014: 1010: 1004: 1003: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 937: 933: 927: 926: 919: 916: 914: 911: 910: 905: 904: 900: 898: 897: 893: 891: 890: 886: 884: 883: 879: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 832: 824: 823: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 802: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 769: 765: 761: 755: 754: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 708: 704: 698: 697: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 676: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 657: 655: 651: 650: 646: 645: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 623: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 601: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 584: 580: 574: 573: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 532: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 509: 505: 501: 495: 494: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 441:Mishneh Torah 439: 438: 434: 428: 427: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 399: 397: 394: 393: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 371: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 352: 350: 347: 346: 342: 336: 335: 328: 325: 321: 318: 317: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 287: 283: 277: 276: 269: 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 245: 242: 239: 235: 232: 231: 230: 227: 226: 221: 218: 214: 211: 210: 209: 206: 205: 203: 200: 199: 195: 189: 188: 184: 178: 172: 168: 167: 164: 160: 156: 152: 151: 145: 141: 136: 130: 129:Jozef Israëls 126: 122: 112: 109: 101: 90: 87: 83: 80: 76: 73: 69: 66: 62: 59: – 58: 54: 53:Find sources: 47: 43: 37: 36: 31:This article 29: 25: 20: 19: 16: 7946: 7939: 7925: 7848: 7841: 7829: 7812: 7795: 7691: 7629:perspectives 7463:Samaritanism 7424:Neo-Hasidism 7404:Conservative 7318:Names of God 7227: 7208: 7018:Judaeo-Greek 7013:Judeo-Gascon 6952:Lishán Didán 6947:Lishana Deni 6915:Judeo-Yemeni 6883:Judeo-Arabic 6757:Meshuchrarim 6676:Persian Jews 6609:Kurdish Jews 6587:Kaifeng Jews 6536:Beta Abraham 6499:Galitzianers 6454:Antisemitism 6429:Israeli Jews 6414:Assimilation 6223:Four species 5959: 5857:Pidyon haben 5680: 5673: 5666: 5659: 5653:Publications 5549:Pi Alpha Tau 5396: 5372: 5365: 5346: 5319: 5312: 5299: 5298:Partnership 5290: 5283: 5234: 5227: 5220: 5191: 5144: 5127:Chag habanot 5126: 5125:Girls' Day ( 5111: 5107: 5100: 5096: 5028:(1923, 1929) 4935:In the Bible 4681: 4616:the original 4606: 4592: 4581:. 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Retrieved 3917: 3884: 3878: 3869: 3866:"Maimonides" 3860: 3851: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3822: 3818: 3810: 3806: 3805:Maimonides, 3801: 3793: 3789: 3781: 3777: 3769: 3765: 3756: 3748: 3744: 3734: 3730: 3722: 3716: 3697: 3681: 3677: 3676:Maimonides, 3661: 3646: 3630: 3626: 3625:Maimonides, 3610: 3591: 3580: 3546: 3542: 3534: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3516:Maimonides, 3512: 3504: 3500: 3492: 3471: 3452: 3446: 3425: 3421: 3416: 3408: 3404: 3386:Jeremiah 7:9 3382: 3378: 3368: 3364: 3346: 3342: 3331: 3279: 3265:Exodus 21:11 3261: 3257: 3251:Exodus 21:10 3247: 3243: 3233: 3229: 3211:Genesis 29:9 3207: 3203: 3189: 3185: 3171: 3167: 3157: 3153: 3143: 3139: 3129: 3125: 3117: 3096: 3092: 3084: 3069: 3051: 3015:Exodus 21:10 3010: 3000: 2996: 2986: 2982: 2972: 2968: 2958: 2954: 2943: 2877: 2873: 2863: 2846: 2842: 2828: 2815: 2806: 2795:. Retrieved 2781: 2764: 2752: 2741:. Retrieved 2731: 2720:. Retrieved 2710: 2699:. Retrieved 2695:the original 2687:"Why Marry?" 2681: 2672: 2666:Genesis 1:28 2662: 2658: 2647:. 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