814:. The focus of the stereotype was different than its precursors, too. Jewish writers had previously employed a stereotype of an overbearing matron, but its focus had always been not on the woman, but the ineffectual man whom she dominated, out of necessity. The focus of the Jewish mother stereotype that arose was based on a shift in the economic circumstances of American Jews during the 20th century. American Jews were no longer struggling first-generation immigrants, living in impoverished neighborhoods. The "soldier woman" work ethos of Jewish women, and the levels of anxiety and dramatization of their lives, were seen as unduly excessive for lifestyles that had (for middle-class Jews) become far more secure and suburban by the middle of the century. Jewish literature came to focus upon the differences between Jewish women and what Jews saw as being the various idealized views of American women, the "blonde bombshell", the "sex kitten", or the sweet docile "apple-pie" blonde who always supported her man. In contrast, Jewish writers viewed the still articulate and intelligent Jewish woman as being, by comparison, pushy, unrefined, and unattractive.
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rinses". Zappa repeatedly denied antisemitic intention and refused to apologize on the basis that he did not invent the concept and further noted that women who fit the stereotype actually existed. In recent years, some Jewish women have made attempts to re-appropriate the term "JAP" and incorporate it as part of cultural identity. It has also been criticized as having a sexist basis, and for pejoratively branding young adult Jewish-American women as being spoiled and materialistic. Concerns about incidents of the JAP stereotype being pejoratively used at colleges and universities have been noted in newspapers, magazines and academic journals. The
American television show
1424:, often had individuals express suspicion and hatred of the Jews. In the intellectual context, social scientists were asking questions like, "Will the Jews ever Lose their Racial Identity?" and, "Are the Jews an Inferior Race?" In 1938, according to opinion polls, about 50 percent of Americans had low opinions of Jews. Americans still believed the Jews to be untrustworthy and dishonest. Many hoped that the racial stereotypes would disappear if the Jews worked to mold themselves. A massive amount of effort was put towards Jewish charities, especially for new immigrants, in response to antisemitism in America.
1432:(ADL), released nationwide telephone surveys to analyse American beliefs on the Jews. The league concluded that in 2007, 15% of Americans, nearly 35 million adults, hold "unquestionably anti-Semitic" views about Jews. More than one quarter, 27% of Americans believe Jews were responsible for the death of Jesus. On a more positive note, many Americans have positive views towards the Jews on ethics and family. About 65% of Americans believe the Jews had a "special commitment to social justice and civil rights." About 79% of Americans believe the Jews put an "emphasis on the importance of family life."
869:, in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the stereotype of the Jewish mother has "gone missing" from movies. She observes that there appears to have been no conscious effort on the part of screenwriters or film-makers to rewrite or change the stereotype, in pursuance of some revisionist agenda, instead, it has simply fallen back a generation. Despite this, the concept of the Jewish mother can still be seen in popular culture even though it is declining in film. One use of the Jewish mother stereotype-trope can be seen in the popular television program
1568:
705:, with 128 European-born Jews, disclosed a wide variety of family structures and experiences, the publications resulting from this study and the many citations in the popular media resulted in the Jewish mother stereotype: a woman intensely loving but controlling to the point of smothering and attempting to engender enormous guilt in her children via the endless suffering which she professes to have experienced on their behalf. The Jewish mother stereotype, then, has origins in the American Jewish community, with predecessors that originated in
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stereotype has been described as "a sexually repressive, self-centered, materialistic and lazy female," who is "spoiled, overly-concerned with appearance, and indifferent to sex", the last being her most notable trait. The stereotype also portrays relationships with weak men who are easily controlled and willing to spend large amounts of money and energy in order to recreate the dynamic which she had during her upbringing. These men tend to be completely content with catering to her endless needs for food, material possessions, and attention.
1468:. Modder asserts that writers invariably "reflect the attitude of contemporary society in their presentation of the Jewish character and that the portrayal changes with the economic and social changes of each decade." In opposition to Modder's "historical rationale", Rosenberg warns that such a perspective "is apt to slight the massive durability of a stereotype". Harap suggests that the recurrence of the Jewish stereotype in literature is itself one indicator of the continued presence of anti-Semitism amongst those who consume literature.
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1460:(1779) as the first time that Jews were portrayed in the arts as "human beings, with human possibilities and characteristics." Harap writes that the persistence of the Jewish stereotype over the centuries suggests to some that "the treatment of the Jew in literature was completely static and was essentially unaffected by the changes in the Jewish situation in society as that society itself changed." He contrasts the opposing views presented in the two most comprehensive studies of Jewish characters in English literature, one by
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from the belief that circumcision was equivalent to castration. Jewish men have often been assigned feminine physical and mental traits in order to designate them as deficient in comparison to the dominant idea of masculinity. For example, in the late 1900s, Jewish men were depicted with narrow chests, chubbiness, and hysteria, all of which were traditionally female characteristics. The idea that Jewish men were effeminate even made its way into Nazi racial theories that adopted
Austrian philosopher
1397:, specifically, improved the image of Jews in the eyes of the early Americans that allowed them into their homes, fed them food, and sometimes let them stay the night in their home. Peddling gave the chance to shed outward appearance stereotypes. Commentators noted they often wore a waistcoat and tie, with a top hat on their heads. For they understood a customer would be less likely to open their door to a shabby, dirty man, than a man in an elegant dress.
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223:. While the depiction of the hooked-nose originated in the 13th century, it had an uprooting in European imagery many centuries later. The earliest record of anti-Jewish caricature is a detailed doodle depicted in the upper margin of the Exchequer Receipt Roll (English royal tax record) in 1233. It shows three demented-looking Jews inside a castle as well as a Jew in the middle of the castle with a large nose. The satirical antisemitic 1893 book
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1611:", and the act featured performers enacting Jewish stereotypes, wearing large putty noses, long beards, and tattered clothing, and speaking with thick Yiddish accent. Early portrayals were done by non-Jews, but Jews soon began to produce their own "Jewface" acts. By the early 20th century, almost all the "Jewface" actors, managers, agents, and audience members were Jewish. "Jewface" featured Jewish dialect music, written by
758:) and elsewhere, ennobles motherhood, and it associates mothers with virtue. This ennoblement was further increased by the poverty and hardship of Eastern European Jews who immigrated into the United States (during the period from 1881 to 1924, when one of the largest waves of such immigration occurred), where the requirements of hard work by the parents were passed on to their children via guilt: "We work so hard so that
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the stereotype is in the self-sacrifice of first-generation immigrants, unable to take full advantage of
American education themselves, and the consequent transference of their aspirations, to success and social status, from themselves to their children. A Jewish mother obtains vicarious social status from the achievements of her children, where she is unable to achieve such status herself.
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their food. Feeding a loved one is characterized as an extension of the desire to mother those around her. Lisa
Aronson Fontes describes the stereotype as one of "endless caretaking and boundless self-sacrifice" by a mother who demonstrates her love by "constant overfeeding and unremitting solicitude about every aspect of her children's and husband's welfare".
96:
807:'s characterization of Marjorie Morningstar and Sophie Portnoy is that they are each "a forceful Jewish woman who tries to control her life and the events around her", who is "intelligent, articulate, and aggressive", who does not passively accept life but tries to shape events, friends, and families, to match their visions of an ideal world.
380:; "While answering one complaint with another is usually considered a little excessive in English, Yiddish tends to take a homeopathic approach to kvetching: like cures like and kvetch cures kvetch. The best response to a complaint is another complaint, an antiseptic counter-kvetch that makes further whining impossible for anybody but you."
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1107:. Ted Merwin writes that in the United States the stereotype became popular in the mid-to-late 20th century when Jews started entering the legal profession. Jews entered the U.S. legal profession decades before the middle of the 20th century – by the time of the Great Depression, many Jews had already established themselves as lawyers.
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identity is described as "fluid, negotiable, and highly voluntary." Within the first Jewish communities, the colonies gave the Jews the chance to live openly as Jews. The attitude towards Jews in the eyes of the colonial authorities was that they carried several assets for business. Most Jews settled
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defended the stereotype, asserting that the ends, inculcating virtues that resulted in success, justified the means, control through love and guilt. Being tied to mamma kept Jewish boys away from "entile friends, particularly those from poor, immigrant families with rural origins in which parents did
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Fishman describes the Jewish mother stereotype that was used by male Jewish writers as "a grotesque mirror image of the proverbial Woman of Valor". A Jewish mother was a woman who had her own ideas about life, who attempted to conquer her sons and her husband, and used food, hygiene, and guilt as her
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can be happy." Other aspects of the stereotype are rooted in those immigrant Jewish parents' drive for their children to succeed, resulting in a push for perfection and a continual dissatisfaction with anything less: "So you got a B? That could have been an A there." Hartman observes that the root of
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shaped the identity and attitudes of
American Jews for the better, yet is overshadowed by the devastation and catastrophe of World War II. For the first time, American Jews were seen as major philanthropists, which is now a central part of American Judaism. The stereotype of being greedy and miserly
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The stereotype is often, though not always, the basis for jokes both inside and outside the Jewish community. Frank Zappa was accused of antisemitism for his 1979 song "Jewish
Princess", which describes the narrator's lust for "a nasty little Jewish princess / With long phony nails and a hairdo that
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constitutes the most damaging anti-Jewish stereotype which is reflected in the works of literature that were produced from the late tenth century through the early twelfth century. Jews were often depicted as satanic consorts, or as devils themselves and "incarnation of absolute evil." Physically,
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where
Rabbinic Judaism emerged from. Jewish masculinity puts more emphasis on studying and academic pursuits than on physical strength. However, male Jews have also been labeled as feminine in an antisemitic context. It was once even a widely-held view that Jewish men menstruated. The trope stemmed
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magazine by Julie
Baumgold, "The Persistence of the Jewish Princess". "JAP" jokes became prevalent in the late 1970s and early 1980s. According to Riv-Ellen Prell, the JAP stereotype's rise to prominence in the 1970s resulted from pressures that were placed on the Jewish middle class and forced it
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Stereotypical depictions of Jews in
American literature started to emerge around the 1890s. Although Jewish stereotypes first appeared in works by non-Jewish writers, after the Second World War it was often Jewish-American writers themselves who evoked such stereotypical imagery. The prevalence of
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Although Jews had not been particularly associated with moneylending in antiquity, a stereotype of them acting in this capacity was first developed in the 11th century. Jonathan
Frankel notes that even though this stereotype was an obvious exaggeration, it had a solid basis in reality. While not
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The Jewish mother stereotype can also involve a loving and overly proud mother who is highly defensive about her children in front of others. Like Italian mother stereotypes, Jewish mother characters are often shown cooking for the family, urging loved ones to eat more, and taking great pride in
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About one-third of Europe's Jewish population emigrated in the nineteenth and early decades of the twentieth century. About 80 percent of those emigrants chose America. Although there is no doubt that Europe's depiction of the Jews influenced the United States, there were no immense massacres,
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The twenty years following World War II are considered the American Jewry "golden age" because of the triumph of "prosperity and affluence, suburbanization and acceptance, the triumph of political and cultural liberalism, and the expansiveness of unlimited possibilities." Jews participated in
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David Schneider writes "Three large clusters of traits are part of the Jewish stereotype (Wuthnow, 1982). First, Jews are seen as being powerful and manipulative. Second, they are accused of dividing their loyalties between the United States and Israel. The third set of traits concerns Jewish
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The stereotypical subject, as described in these sources, is overindulged with attention and money by her parents, resulting in the princess having unrealistic expectations as well as guilt, accompanied by her skill in the manipulation of guilt in others, resulting in deficient love life. The
1690:'s vice presidential running mate. He was labeled by some as a liberal even though he described himself as "pro-business, pro-trade and pro-economic growth." Although he had taken ostensibly moderate and conservative positions on numerous issues, the stereotype defined him to many voters.
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describes stereotypical Jewish mothers as parents who have become experts in the art of needling their children that they have honorary degrees in "Jewish Acupuncture". Rappoport observes that jokes about the stereotype have less basis in anti-Semitism than they have in gender stereotyping.
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He spent his entire life trying to extirpate what he himself called the 'nice Jewish boy' from his soul, which is one of the reasons he has done so many outrageous things and gotten into trouble, including with the police. It's part of trying to overcome that lifelong terror of being a
1678:. Since becoming heavily involved in politics and the electoral process in the 1930s, Jewish leaders and voters have taken liberal stances on a number of issues. From there the stereotype grew and is now assumed even though not always accurate. An example of this took place in the
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Reproduced common objects, phrases and traditions are used to emphasize or ridicule Jewishness. This includes but is not limited to the complaining and guilt-inflicting Jewish mother, often along with a meek nice Jewish boy, and the spoiled and materialistic Jewish-American princess.
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During the Nazi-era propaganda campaign against Jews, there were repeated mentions of Jews being able to be identified by their use of hands while speaking, "the Jew moves his hands when he talks". This has evolved into modern stereotypes of Jews, much like others in Europe, namely
4063:
1289:'s semi-autobiographical avatar Alex Portnoy, neither the nice Jewish boy nor his more aggressively masculine counterparts (the churlish Jewboy, the "all-American" ice hockey player) prove to be acceptable identities to attain. The ceaseless floundering between the two fuels
1494:"technically a crime, and as political oppression increased, both Jewish and non-Jewish authors avoided the portrayal of Jews in their works", stereotypical depiction of Jews "flourished" among the works of prominent British, Irish and American authors such as
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American culture including the entertainment and film industries, advertising, and organized sports, baseball in particular. More recently, benign stereotypes of Jews have been found to be more prevalent than images of an overtly antisemitic nature. The
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because they disbelieved in Allah's revelations and slew the prophets wrongfully. And for their taking usury, which was prohibited for them, and because of their consuming people's wealth under false pretense, a painful punishment was prepared for them.
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A stereotype exists suggesting that Jews (often particularly Ashkenazi Jews, though historically sometimes Sephardi Jews) are more intelligent other peoples. This idea, also called "Jewish Genius", emerged during the 19th century within the context of
518:
in 2009 found that 18% believed that "Jews have too much power in the business world", 13% that "Jews are more willing than others to use shady practices to get what they want", and 12% that "Jews are not just as honest as other businesspeople".
1530:). Rosenshield writes that among the many authors who employed stereotypical depictions of Jews in their works, T.S. Eliot and Ezra Pound have received the most attention in modern historiography. Eliot has been accused of being anti-semitic by
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agrees, observing that the attributes of a Jewish mother—overprotection, pushiness, aggression, and guilt-inducement—could equally well be ascribed to mothers of other ethnicities, from Italians through Blacks to Puerto Ricans. In the book
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and it is "peculiar to the U.S. scene". In 1987, the American Jewish Committee held a conference on "Current Stereotypes of Jewish Women" which argued that such jokes "represent a resurgence of sexist and anti-Semitic invective masking a
421:, although the word later took on the meaning of charging excessive interest). Jews were legally restricted to occupations usually barred to Christians and thus many went into money-lending. This led to, through the Middle Ages and the
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For example, the Jewish-mother cliche of American jokes don't make sense in Hebrew jokes – because the basic assumption is that most Israelis have a Jewish mother. So the overbearing parent figure, in Israeli humor, becomes a Polish
1091:, features a parody song that can be seen as both satirizing and embracing this trope. "JAP Battle" is featured in Season 1's "Josh and I Go to Los Angeles!". Rachel Bloom, and her character Rebecca Bunch, are both Jewish.
950:, attributed to a pampered or wealthy background. This stereotype of American Jewish women has frequently been portrayed in contemporary US media since the mid-20th century. "JAPs" are portrayed as being used to privilege,
834:, against "dear old Mom" tying all of male America to her apron strings, it quickly became highly associated with Jewish mothers in particular, in part because the idea became a staple of Jewish American fiction.
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1420:. Jews were impressed by the Soviet's commitment to giving Jews equal civil, political, and national rights, which fueled the Jewish plots conspiracy theories. Movements of restricting immigration, such as the
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on radio from 1929 to 1949 and on television from 1949 to 1955. But the stereotype as it came to be understood in the 20th century was exemplified by other literary figures. These include Rose Morgenstern from
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and sin. Her personality traits could be portrayed either positively or negatively. The typical appearance of the belle juive included long, thick, dark hair, large dark eyes, an olive skin tone, and a
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Jews were portrayed as menacing, hirsute, with boils, warts and other deformities, and sometimes they were portrayed with horns, cloven hoofs and tails. Such imagery was used centuries later in the
219:"Jewish nose" remains one of the most prevalent and defining features to characterize someone as a Jew. This widespread stereotype can be traced back to the 13th century, according to art historian
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Beck, Evelyn Torton. (1992) "From 'Kike to Jap': How misogyny, anti-semitism, and racism construct the Jewish American Princess". In Margaret Andersen & Patricia Hill Collins (Eds.)
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The concept of the "Jewish lawyer" is a stereotype of Jews, which portrays Jews and Jewish lawyers as being clever, greedy, exploitative, dishonest, and depicts them as engaging in
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to maintain a visibly affluent lifestyle even as post-war affluence declined. The concept was the butt of jokes and as a result, it was spoofed by many, including Jews. Mel Brooks'
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Jews, specifically Ashkenazi Jews, are also stereotyped as being melodramatic and over-zealously (and sometimes comedically) complaining. The Yiddish word for this behavior is to
339:
A well-known stereotype about Jewish communication is the tendency to answer a question with a question. In large part, this stereotype arises from the emphasis on questioning in
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The term "JAP" and its associated stereotype first gained attention at the beginning of the 1970s with the publication of several non-fiction articles such as Barbara Meyer's
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first appeared in the 12th century and were associated with attacks and massacres against Jews. These stereotypes are paralleled in the earlier (7th century) writings of the
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has shown that stereotypes play a crucial role in voter decision making on both a conscious and subconscious level. Jewish political candidates are stereotyped as
596:(French, "the beautiful Jewess") was a 19th-century literary stereotype. A figure meeting the description is often associated with having and causing sexual lust,
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405:, that boy just stole your handkerchief!" "So let 'im go; we hadda start out small, too." A German cartoon of 1851 implies ingrained dishonesty in Jews.
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said that comedy like this was "the cause of greater prejudice against the Jews as a class than all other causes combined," and that same year the
1175:(playing a fictionalised version of himself) fires his divorce lawyer Berg, who likewise pretends to be Jewish, and hires a Jewish lawyer instead.
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of the 1930s and 1940s. This propaganda leaned on Jewish stereotypes to explain the claim that the Jewish people belong to an "inferior" race.
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Shakespeare and the Mediterranean: the selected proceedings of the International Shakespeare Association World Congress, Valencia, 2001
359:. This tradition, among others structured to encourage the value of l'dor v'dor (teaching "from generation to generation") such as the
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633:"Jewish mother" redirects here. For the issue of whether matrilineal Jewish descent is necessary or sufficient for Jewish status, see
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populations, such as in Jewish communities where Jews were forbidden to marry outsiders. Red hair was especially closely linked with
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who is only heard as a voice character. Mrs. Wolowitz is loud, overbearing, and overprotective of her son. In the television show
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traditionally places on the home and the family, and the mother's important role within that family. Judaism, as exemplified by the
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In: Medicine, Mental Health, Science, Religion, and Well-being (A.R. Singh and S.A. Singh eds.), MSM, 6, Jan - Dec 2008, p41-47.
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lawyer who pretends to be a Jewish-American for his clients, believing that it makes him appear more competent as a lawyer. In
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was commonly identified as the distinguishing negative Jewish trait. This stereotype probably originated because red hair is a
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The resistance that a Jewish male may launch against this image in his quest to become a "regular guy" has found its place in
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Berinsky, Adam; Mendelberg, Tali (2005). "The Indirect Effects of Discredited Stereotypes in Judgements of Jewish Leaders".
4070:." Jewish Political Studies Review 19:1–2 (Spring 2007). Institute for Global Jewish Affairs, March 2007. Accessed 01-03-09.
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Martin Marger writes "A set of distinct and consistent negative stereotypes, some of which can be traced as far back as the
655:, television and film writers, actors, and authors in the United States and elsewhere. The stereotype generally involves a
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The Jewish mother became one of two stock female Jewish characters in literature in the 20th century, the other being the
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This stereotype enjoyed a mixed reception in the mid-20th century. In her 1967 essay "In Defense of the Jewish Mother",
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Hadjiyiannis, Christos (Fall 2015). "We Need to Talk About Ezra: Ezra Pound's Fascist Propaganda, 1935–45 (review)".
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in the novel, and toned down references to his Jewishness. Furthermore, the character of Mr. Riah in his later novel
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Alpert, Rebecca (2003). "Sex in Jewish Law and Culture". In Machacek Machacek, David W.; Wilcox, Melissa M. (eds.).
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4476:"ADL Survey: Anti-Semitism in America Remains Constant, 15 Percent of Americans Hold 'Strong' Anti-Semitic Beliefs"
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545:, have suggested it is supported by the results of IQ research, though the idea has been throughly criticised by
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Wouk states that he never used the term "JAP" in his works, and disclaims being the originator of the term. See
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Boyarin, Daniel; Itzkovitz, Daniel; Pellegrini, Ann (10 December 2003). "Strange Bedfellows: An Introduction".
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Rockway, Robert; Gutfeld, Arnon (2001). "Demonic images of the Jews in the nineteenth century United States".
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which state that wretchedness and baseness were stamped upon the Jews, and they were visited with wrath from
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not value education". One example of the stereotype, as it had developed by the 1970s, was the character of
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backgrounds and where most mothers are Jewish, the same stereotypical mother is known as the Polish mother (
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The ridiculous Jew: the exploitation and transformation of a stereotype in Gogol, Turgenev, and Dostoevsky
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anti-Semitic stereotypes in the works of such authors has sometimes been interpreted as an expression of
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The stereotype was partly a construct of, and popularized by, some post-war Jewish male writers, notably
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stereotype with Jewish mothers in particular, is, according to Helmreich, because of the importance that
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and dark beady eyes with drooping eyelids. Exaggerated or grotesque Jewish facial features were a staple
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It is the connection of Jews with money, however, that appears to be the sine qua non-of anti-Semitism.
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One of the earliest Jewish mother figures in American popular culture was Molly Goldberg, portrayed by
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is a kindly Jewish creditor, and may have been created as an apology for Fagin. Lesser references in
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4407:
3613:
2213:
1815:
1810:
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reinforced the stereotype of the crooked Jew. Dickens later expressed regret for his portrayal of
459:
290:. Writers from Shakespeare to Dickens would identify Jewish characters by giving them red hair. In
283:
148:
5432:
1220:
that deploy the representation, the stereotype has gained popular recognition to a lesser extent.
5605:
5115:
4667:
3886:
3576:
2315:
2114:
2097:
1830:
1495:
1447:
1417:
939:
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866:
193:
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2921:
2915:
2593:
2587:
659:, loud, manipulative, highly-talkative, overprotective, smothering, and overbearing mother, who
522:
Jewish frugality, thriftiness, and greed are among the typical themes in jokes about Jews, even
4766:
2757:
2751:
2473:"Assets or 'aliens'? Race science and the analysis of Jewish intelligence in inter-war Britain"
2472:
553:
and Margaret Moul contrarily argued that Jews had a relatively low IQ relative to their peers.
6071:
5474:
5279:
5142:
4927:
4719:
4692:
4632:
4581:
4554:
4527:
4500:
4263:
A Time for Building: The Third Migration, 1880–1920 (The Jewish People in American) (Volume 3)
4241:
4207:
4125:
4085:
4040:
4015:
3969:
3923:
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3720:
3640:
3580:
3570:
3553:
3543:
3523:
3478:
3369:
3361:
3319:
3311:
3277:
3269:
3265:
Fighting to Become Americans: Assimilation and the Trouble Between Jewish Men and Jewish Women
3263:
3223:
3215:
3189:
3181:
3155:
3147:
3107:
3099:
3093:
3052:
2983:
2958:
2925:
2891:
2887:
2879:
2853:
2817:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2761:
2730:
2702:
2677:
2597:
2551:
2517:
2492:
2453:
2301:
2158:
2054:
2015:
1992:
1966:
1932:
1720:
1479:
1388:, or legal restrictions on the Jews. Based on the fact that America is made up of immigrants,
1031:
847:
789:
731:
536:
484:
153:
4201:
3710:
3630:
3513:
3474:
3175:
2954:
2849:
1962:
The Jew, the Cathedral and the Medieval City: Synagoga and Ecclesia in the Thirteenth Century
1393:
in port cities and thrived in trade by relying on family and community ties for negotiating.
5442:
5437:
5311:
4984:
4854:
4659:
4453:
3915:
3878:
3839:
2484:
1960:
1937:
1800:
1683:
1259:
1153:
1135:
1131:
1061:), who proclaimed, "I am Vespa, daughter of Roland, King of the Druids!" Captain Lonestar (
906:
577:
546:
417:
when the Church forbade Christians to lend money while charging interest (a practice called
402:
340:
286:, all those with red hair were identified as Jewish. In Italy, red hair was associated with
225:
3867:"A Ready Hatred: Depictions of the Jewish Woman in Medieval Antisemitic Art and Caricature"
5468:
5221:
4067:
2673:
2667:
1825:
1770:
1551:
1456:
1364:
1213:
1162:
1111:
1100:
973:
898:
890:
713:
664:
648:
621:
469:
298:" were a semi-fictional group of red-haired Jews, although this tale has obscure origins.
291:
254:
3949:
Conversation with Norman Podhoretz, Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley 1999
1195:, as well as in mainstream American culture. Jewish men have been historically viewed as
667:
for actions that may have caused her to suffer. The stereotype is described in detail in
2020:
634:
17:
6054:
6039:
5600:
5410:
5378:
5343:
5264:
4624:
4457:
3599:
3539:
2281:
1790:
1780:
1765:
1760:
1707:
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1615:
songwriters. These vaudeville acts were controversial at the time. In 1909 a prominent
1604:
1535:
1499:
1236:
1224:
1217:
1205:
1001:
968:
706:
685:
588:
541:
490:
373:
360:
279:
170:
3024:
1405:
seemed to be challenged. Aid was provided to Jews overseas by a new organization, the
1247:
embraces the studiousness, gentleness and sensitivity that is said to distinguish the
549:, who has described it as a "racial myth". The early 20th century British researchers
6091:
5573:
5415:
5348:
5195:
5147:
4858:
4671:
2947:
2842:
1865:
1612:
1519:
1412:
However, attitudes towards the Jews change after World War I; from 1920 to 1940, saw
1389:
1269:
1200:
1192:
1139:
1114:
of the Jewish lawyer frequently appears in popular culture. Jay Michaelson writes in
1058:
767:
755:
688:
668:
523:
511:
216:
174:
4688:
The image of the Jew in American literature: from early republic to mass immigration
4550:
The image of the Jew in American literature: from early republic to mass immigration
4523:
The image of the Jew in American literature: from early republic to mass immigration
4496:
The image of the Jew in American literature: from early republic to mass immigration
4429:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 259.
4393:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 208.
2263:
1607:
Jews who immigrated to the United States in the 1880s. The name plays off the term "
5921:
5637:
5583:
5447:
5259:
5159:
5110:
4967:
4913:
4442:"Compliments will get you nowhere: Benign Stereotypes, Prejudice and Anti-Semitism"
4337:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 21.
4322:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 15.
2335:
1785:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1649:
1507:
1147:
1088:
1062:
1005:
827:
823:
726:
606:
550:
507:
502:
474:
399:
287:
259:
4307:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 2.
1486:
Historian Gary Rosenshield writes that while Soviets passed legislation that made
2545:
2046:
1579:
539:. Some 20th and 21st century publications, notably the highly controversial book
6076:
6066:
5500:
5306:
5301:
5269:
4289:
1805:
1511:
1503:
1446:
Jewish stereotypes in literature have evolved over the centuries. According to
1416:
at its peak. Many left-wing Jews showed sympathy toward, or even supported, the
1401:
1351:
1330:
1318:
1286:
1188:
1172:
1138:
and the quintessential pale skin, brown hair and Ashkenazic nose of the typical
1026:
1016:
963:
955:
947:
794:
778:
663:
long after they have become adults and is excellent at making her children feel
602:
422:
377:
237:
220:
210:
198:
127:
4663:
4367:
2157:. New York City, New York: Black Dog and Leventhal Publishers. pp. 61–66.
6034:
5692:
5578:
5495:
5226:
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4600:
4475:
3003:
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1697:
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994:
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644:
597:
428:
162:
119:
104:
3927:
3851:
3843:
2496:
2457:
1223:
The qualities which are ascribed to the nice Jewish boy are derived from the
818:
weapons. Like Helmreich, Fishman observes that while it began as a universal
282:, who was commonly shown with red hair to identify him as Jewish. During the
5615:
5490:
5485:
5373:
4821:"Macklemore and Masquerade "Jewface," umbrage, and pop music's original sin"
3827:
2134:
The Jewish Persona in the European Imagination: A Case of Russian Literature
1608:
1004:, the stereotype of the Jewish-American Princess did not emerge until after
306:
183:
123:
4877:
The Things they Say Behind your Back: Stereotypes and the Myths Behind Them
3992:
3308:
The Jewish American Princess and Other Myths: The Many Faces of Self-Hatred
2727:
The things they say behind your back: stereotypes and the myths behind them
1208:'s claim that "the Jew is more saturated in femininity than the Aryan." In
897:
and being overprotective of her son. This character can also be seen from
506:
are examples of the prevalence of this negative perception. Some, such as
5589:
5505:
5358:
5317:
4175:"A page from a children's antisemitic bookelt called "Beware of the fox""
3919:
3572:
Zion in America: The Jewish Experience from Colonial Times to the Present
1527:
1394:
1126:
958:. An example of the humorous use of this stereotype appears in the song "
902:
652:
344:
295:
275:
267:
250:
3712:
The Chosen Image: Television's Portrayal of Jewish Themes and Characters
3603:
2441:
368:
6049:
3890:
3866:
3617:
1687:
1523:
1232:
982:
747:
656:
611:
572:
437:
352:
229:
revolves around a plot of cosmetic surgery as a "cure" for Jewishness.
166:
95:
6044:
6029:
5610:
5566:
5388:
5323:
4962:
1385:
1322:
1248:
1209:
709:
693:
348:
310:
4715:
The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Multiethnic American Literature: I – M
4203:
The fate of the European Jews, 1939–1945: continuity or contingency?
4061:"Anti-Israelism and Anti-Semitism: Common Characteristics and Motifs
3882:
3828:"Shylock's gender: Jewish male menstruation in early modern England"
2917:
How Jews Became White Folks and what that Says about Race in America
566:
3495:"Rachel Bloom Tells the Stories Behind 8 Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Songs"
3243:
2814:
Humor, satire, and identity: eastern German literature in the 1990s
157:
An 1873 caricature featuring stereotypical physical traits of a Jew
1619:
1543:
1470:
1368:
1338:
1334:
1278:
858:
751:
565:
479:
427:
418:
410:
393:
356:
246:
236:
188:
152:
94:
4414:. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 147, 151.
1918:
Stereotypes of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States
1652:) was focused on the sheet music of this type of comedy and used
875:, which premiered in 2007, and it was played by the character of
510:, suggest that the stereotype has decreased in prevalence in the
363:
of Passover, have helped create a culture of structured debate.
1645:
1199:, especially in contrast to the more violent masculinity of the
1065:) complained, "That's all we needed, a Druish princess!" Barf (
1044:
article "Sex and the Jewish Girl" and the 1971 cover article in
905:, and Daniela Paguro, mother of the main character of the movie
115:
5925:
4886:
4882:
4794:
3025:"A Jewish American (Disney) Princess? – Jewish Women's Archive"
1350:
The portrayal of Jews as historic enemies of Christianity and
29:
3632:
In Their Own Image: New York Jews in Jazz Age Popular Culture
1538:, while Ezra Pound was a self-proclaimed anti-semite, making
514:. A telephone poll of 1,747 American adults conducted by the
309:, sometimes associated with a curly hair texture known as a "
3095:
Something Ain't Kosher Here: The Rise of the "Jewish" Sitcom
1371:
meant that Jews were the main representatives of the trade.
3965:
Race and Ethnic Relations: American and Global Perspectives
2547:
Jewish Mothers Tell Their Stories: Acts of Love and Courage
1542:
for the Italian government blaming the Second World War on
4767:"Love 'Springtime for Hitler'? Then Here's the CD for You"
4352:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 99.
1988:
The Coming of the Holocaust: From Antisemitism to Genocide
4037:
Demonizing the Other: Antisemitism, Racism and Xenophobia
1913:
Stereotypes of East Asian Americans in the United States
674:
How to Be a Jewish Mother: A Very Lovely Training Manual
605:
expression. An example of this stereotype is Rebecca in
3871:
Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research
376:, notes that this can be a real cultural phenomenon of
54:
3739:
Fields of Offerings: Studies in Honor of Raphael Patai
4368:"How a World War Shaped Jewish Politics and Identity"
2982:. University of Minnesota Press. pp. 41, 49–51.
2513:
Antisemitism and Modernity: Innovation and Continuity
2403:"The money libel: Confronting a dangerous stereotype"
1908:
Stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims in the United States
1380:
materialistic values, aggressiveness, clannishness."
1251:
scholar and make him an attractive marriage partner.
976:
have also satirized the stereotype, as did filmmaker
2136:, By Leonid Livak, (Stanford University Press 2010).
917:"Jewish Princess" redirects here. For the song, see
6017:
5959:
5701:
5646:
5527:
5461:
5332:
5250:
5103:
5050:
4920:
4795:"Jewface: "Yiddish" Dialect Songs of Tin Pan Alley"
2978:Alisa Lebow (2008). "Reframing the Jewish Family".
2920:(4th ed.). Rutgers University Press. pp.
2632:
Different cultures produce different Jewish mothers
2442:""The Bell Curve," Intelligence, and Virtuous Jews"
3805:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 9.
3595:
3593:
3336:Alperin, Mimi (1989). "JAP Jokes: Hateful Humor".
2946:
2841:
2648:The Jewish Role in American Life: An Annual Review
2298:Jewish Switzerland: 50 Objects Tell Their Stories
1642:Jewface: "Yiddish" Dialect Songs of Tin Pan Alley
1035:, featuring protagonists who fit the stereotype.
856:, and later appeared as a regular on its spinoff
425:, the association of Jews with greedy practices.
5663:Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project (BAHOHP)
4741:"Remembering the Days of Vaudeville and Jewface"
3244:"The J.A.P. and the J.A.M. in American Jokelore"
3073:"Jewish Women Campaign Against 'Princess' Jokes"
266:In European culture, prior to the 20th century,
5216:The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews
4265:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1–2.
4082:The Path of the Devil: Early Modern Witch Hunts
3659:Christians Only: A Study in Prejudice Hardcover
2651:
2340:"Dickens' greatest villain: The faces of Fagin"
2203:, (University of Delaware Press, 2004), page 40
1991:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 98.
1637:where he dressed as an antisemitic caricature.
661:persists in interfering in her children's lives
274:that tends to find higher expression in highly
99:The cover of the 1908 Little Giant publication
4718:. Greenwood Publishing Company. p. 1175.
3338:Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
1893:Stereotypes of groups within the United States
355:, which are structured around questioning the
347:partnerships are designed around questioning
5937:
4898:
4106:"poster for 1940 antisemitic propaganda film
3758:"'Better Call Saul': The Rise of a Sleazebag"
2176:
2174:
2045:Yahya R. Kamalipour, Theresa Carilli (1998).
1886:Religious discrimination in the United States
1272:'s literary and "extracurricular" activities:
651:that is used by Jewish as well as non-Jewish
43:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
5673:Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI)
4629:T.S. Eliot, Anti-Semitism, and Literary Form
4480:US Fed News Service, Including US State News
4112:. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011
3612:. 3 March 2006. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
3604:"A Jew and a Lawyer Are Sitting in a Bar..."
2720:
2718:
2589:Sexual abuse in nine North American cultures
2320:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
1861:History of antisemitism in the United States
1851:Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States
1407:American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
850:, who first appeared in a recurring role on
103:, which displays the stereotypical physical
27:Generalized representations of Jewish people
4014:. Jewish Publications Society. p. 78.
3508:
3506:
3504:
2370:"American Attitudes Toward Jews in America"
1846:Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States
1666:Jewish views and involvement in US politics
305:, Jews tend to be portrayed as swarthy and
5944:
5930:
5922:
5184:Persecution of Jews during the Black Death
4905:
4891:
4883:
4580:. Stanford University Press. p. 207.
3431:Newhouse, Alana. "The return of the JAP",
3403:"Jewish Women Campaign Against 'Princess'"
3387:"Authors aim to defang JAP, shiksa labels"
3204:
3202:
3170:
3168:
3004:"Jewish Princess by Frank Zappa Songfacts"
2909:
2907:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2672:. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. pp.
1216:which have received heavy exposure to the
351:, which are structured around questioning
173:Jews are usually depicted as having large
4553:. Syracuse University Press. p. 10.
4084:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 156.
3691:Confessore, Nicholas (30 November 2016).
3238:
3236:
2835:
2833:
2296:Battegay, Lubrich, Caspar, Naomi (2018).
2239:"A crash course in Italian hand gestures"
1965:. Cambridge University Press. p. 7.
1231:, either "nobility" or "delicateness" in
81:Learn how and when to remove this message
4789:
4787:
4691:. Syracuse University Press. p. 4.
4526:. Syracuse University Press. p. 8.
4499:. Syracuse University Press. p. 6.
3512:Asimow, Michael; Mader, Shannon (2004).
3258:
3256:
3088:
3086:
2729:(2nd ed.). Transaction Publishers.
2569:
2567:
2375:. Anti-Defamation League. Archived from
1648:(November 2015 to June 2016, curated by
1243:(University of California Press, 1997),
942:Jewish women as spoiled brats, implying
684:A possible origin of this stereotype is
197:(1999), has been likened to traditional
4206:. Oxford University Press. p. 16.
2787:. Princeton University Press. pp.
2300:. Basel: Christoph Merian. p. 36.
2129:
2127:
2047:"Chapter 8 – Media Stereotypes of Jews"
1951:
4402:
4400:
4123:
3999:. Encyclopædia Britannica. p. 37.
3709:Pearl, Jonathan; Pearl, Judith (1999).
3515:Law and Popular Culture: A Course Book
3143:Jewish Presences in English Literature
2313:
1057:had a character named Princess Vespa (
5973:Asian and Pacific Islander Americans
4847:American Journal of Political Science
4361:
4359:
4200:Frankel, Jonathan (1 December 1997).
3295:The Jewish American Princess Handbook
3211:A Sampler of Jewish-American Folklore
2953:. Rutgers University Press. pp.
2074:Westbrook, Hasdai (24 October 2003).
2051:Cultural Diversity and the U.S. Media
2040:
2038:
1841:Anti-Catholicism in the United States
1624:Central Conference of American Rabbis
1134:, is stereotypical, with a "New York
990:for more information on this related
7:
6004:Native Americans and Alaskan Natives
3803:Queer Theory and the Jewish Question
3744:Fairleigh Dickinson University Press
3462:List of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend episodes
2848:. Temple University Press. pp.
2428:Are Jews Smarter Than Everyone Else?
2401:Boroson, Warren (24 December 2010).
826:'s critique of "Momism" in 1950 and
413:and miserly. This originates in the
409:Jews have often been stereotyped as
5202:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
4631:. Cambridge University Press, 1996
3048:Sexuality and the world's religions
2701:. Praeger Publishers. p. 113.
2115:"The First Anti-Jewish Caricature?"
1836:Discrimination in the United States
1268:, made the following comment about
889:, the mother of its main character
712:. In Israel, with its diversity of
455:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
303:their Middle Eastern ethnic origins
114:are generalized representations of
5683:Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC)
4799:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
4765:Williams, Alex (29 October 2006).
4458:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1996.tb00749.x
4039:. Taylor and Francis. p. 54.
4012:Anti-Semitism and the Muslim World
3756:Sheffield, Rob (6 February 2015).
3674:"Prominent Lawyer Defends Himself"
3672:Lorch, Donatella (24 March 1992).
3357:The Words and Music of Frank Zappa
3293:Sandy Toback and Debbie Lukatsky.
3140:Cohen, Derek and Heller, Deborah,
2880:"Introduction: The Faces of Women"
2510:Maccoby, Hyam (14 February 2006).
2098:"The Invention of the Jewish Nose"
1646:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
972:. Female Jewish comedians such as
742:The association of this otherwise
324:Italians speaking with their hands
25:
4712:Nelson, Emmanuel Sampath (2005).
3968:. Cengage Learning. p. 324.
3776:"TV review: Curb Your Enthusiasm"
3473:Ingall, Marjorie (3 March 2016).
3145:McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP, 1990
2816:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 90.
2753:Gender Equality and American Jews
2544:Rachel Josefowitz (10 May 2000).
2096:Lipton, Sara (14 November 2014).
1871:Islamophobia in the United States
1856:Antisemitism in the United States
1442:Stereotypes of Jews in literature
1145:This stereotyping is parodied in
797:, and Sophie Ginsky Portnoy from
671:'s best-selling 1964 humor book,
5953:Stereotypes in the United States
5237:White genocide conspiracy theory
4859:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2005.00159.x
3422:. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 87–95.
1898:Stereotypes of African Americans
1876:Racism against African Americans
1700:
1577:
1566:
1363:all Jews were moneylenders, the
1187:(NJB) is a stereotype of Jewish
34:
5481:Institute for Historical Review
5401:General Order No. 11 (US, 1862)
5131:International Jewish conspiracy
5028:
4240:. Guilford Press. p. 461.
3993:"Marginalization and expulsion"
2009:Hoberman, J. (19–25 May 1999).
1746:Expulsions and exoduses of Jews
1626:denounced this type of comedy.
615:. Another example is Miriam in
5994:Hispanics and Latino Americans
4739:Zax, Talya (8 December 2015).
4237:The psychology of stereotyping
3097:Rutgers University Press, 2003
2878:Sylvia Barack Fishman (1992).
1928:Stereotypes of White Americans
1603:act that became popular among
691:'s research into the European
1:
5678:Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC)
5406:Racial policy of Nazi Germany
5384:Beilis trial (Russian Empire)
5354:Pogroms in the Russian Empire
4427:The Jews of the United States
4391:The Jews of the United States
4335:The Jews of the United States
4320:The Jews of the United States
4305:The Jews of the United States
3832:The Review of English Studies
3493:Ivie, Devon (15 April 2016).
3250:Vol 98, No 390 (Oct–Dec 1985)
2725:William B. Helmreich (1984).
2187:, 31–46, 1982, Melinnkoff R.M
2181:Judas's Red Hair and The Jews
2155:Red: A History of the Redhead
2153:Harvey, Jacky Coliss (2015).
1999:. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
1716:Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment
1325:, has been applied to Jews."
1069:) added, "Funny, she doesn't
701:. Although her interviews at
6118:Stereotypes of Jewish people
5658:Anti-Defamation League (ADL)
5364:1968 Polish political crisis
4819:Wilson, Carl (23 May 2014).
4651:Journal of Modern Literature
4234:Schneider, David J. (2004).
4035:Wistrich, Robert S. (1999).
3826:Katz, D. (1 November 1999).
3297:. Turnbull & Willoughby.
3248:Journal of American Folklore
2844:America's Jews in transition
2586:Lisa Aronson Fontes (1995).
2471:Schaffer, Gavin (May 2008).
2119:The New York Review of Books
2113:Lipton, Sara (6 June 2016).
2102:The New York Review of Books
1309:Antisemitism in Christianity
5969:African and Black Americans
5428:Night of the Murdered Poets
4606:Was T.S. Eliot a Scoundrel?
3693:"How to Hide $ 400 Million"
3569:Feingold, Henry L. (2002).
3446:"Bigots in the Ivory Tower"
3310:Shapolsky Publishers, 1991
2949:Something ain't kosher here
2840:Chaim Isaac Waxman (1983).
1959:Rowe, Nina (4 April 2011).
1923:Stereotypes of South Asians
1881:Racism in the United States
1672:voting in the United States
1656:'s sheet music collection.
1191:that circulates within the
822:stereotype, exemplified by
372:. Michael Wex, in his book
241:Watercolor illustration by
57:, discuss the issue on the
6134:
6103:Jewish portrayals in media
5423:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign
5394:Anti-Zionist League (Iraq)
5369:Jewish Anti-Zionist League
5334:Antisemitic laws, policies
5190:On the Jews and Their Lies
4664:10.2979/jmodelite.39.1.112
4574:Rosenshield, Gary (2008).
4440:Wilson, Thomas C. (1996).
3962:Marger, Martin N. (2008).
3912:American Historical Review
3550:Princeton University Press
2784:Jews and the American Soul
2440:Gilman, Sander L. (1996).
1680:2000 presidential election
1663:
1439:
1302:
1256:Jewish American literature
916:
770:, in the situation comedy
632:
586:
580:, showing a stereotypical
387:
208:
146:
4130:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3905:"OUP accepted manuscript"
3736:Sanua, Victor D. (1983).
3657:[Broun and Britt (1931).
3359:U of Nebraska Press, 2007
3051:. ABC-CLIO. p. 199.
2781:Andrew R. Heinze (2004).
2533:– via Google Books.
2489:10.1080/00313220801996105
2201:Theatres and Performances
2185:Journal of Jewish Art (9)
1751:Geography of antisemitism
1522:(with characters such as
1193:American Jewish community
853:The Mary Tyler Moore Show
737:How to Be a Jewish Mother
699:American Jewish Committee
215:The idea of the large or
5668:Community Security Trust
5542:Black Death persecutions
4425:Diner, Hasia R. (2004).
4412:Anti-Semitism in America
4389:Diner, Hasia R. (2004).
4348:Diner, Hasia R. (2015).
4333:Diner, Hasia R. (2004).
4318:Diner, Hasia R. (2004).
4303:Diner, Hasia R. (2004).
4080:Jensen, Gary F. (2006).
4010:Gerber, Jane S. (1986).
3865:Abramson, Henry (1996).
3637:Rutgers University Press
3609:The Jewish Daily Forward
2104:. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
1903:Stereotypes of Americans
1635:Experience Music Project
1629:On May 16, 2014, Rapper
1117:The Jewish Daily Forward
925:Jewish-American princess
913:Jewish-American princess
877:Howard Wolowitz's mother
812:Jewish-American princess
641:Jewish mother stereotype
557:Stereotypical characters
353:different Talmudic texts
179:theme in Nazi propaganda
18:Jewish American Princess
5874:Palestinian Territories
5379:Dreyfus Affair (France)
4278:American Jewish History
3717:McFarland & Company
3420:Race, Class, and Gender
2697:Leon Rappoport (2005).
2666:Benjamin Blech (2003).
2268:Marnie Winston-Macauley
2078:. somethingjewish.co.uk
1776:Jewish ethnic divisions
1756:History of antisemitism
1422:Immigration Act of 1924
1262:, the former editor of
1151:and its spinoff series
988:Black American Princess
458:and literature such as
6098:Antisemitic propaganda
5688:Stephen Roth Institute
5336:and government actions
5275:Portuguese Inquisition
5252:Religious antisemitism
5126:Double genocide theory
5012:Secondary antisemitism
4948:Religious antisemitism
4446:Sociological Quarterly
4261:Sorin, Gerald (1992).
4059:Gerstenfeld, Manfred.
3844:10.1093/res/50.200.440
3475:"The Notorious J.A.P."
3391:Baltimore Jewish Times
2945:Vincent Brook (2003).
2914:Karen Brodkin (1999).
2812:Jill E. Twark (2007).
2750:Moshe Hartman (1996).
2656:
2646:Barry Glassner (2008)
2076:"Jews and their noses"
1821:Religious antisemitism
1633:gave a performance at
1483:
1430:Anti-Defamation League
1305:Religious antisemitism
1283:
1157:, where the character
1124:, in the drama series
1120:that the character of
919:Jewish Princess (song)
830:'s blast, in his 1942
584:
516:Anti-Defamation League
465:The Merchant of Venice
449:
445:The Merchant of Venice
406:
263:
158:
108:
6018:Regional & social
5961:Ethnic & national
5648:Organizations working
5208:Contemporary imprints
5137:The International Jew
5007:Rootless cosmopolitan
4685:Harap, Louis (2003).
4547:Harap, Louis (2003).
4520:Harap, Louis (2003).
4493:Harap, Louis (2003).
4366:Berger, Paul (2014).
3520:Peter Lang Publishing
2621:, Slate, 13 June 2007
2477:Patterns of Prejudice
2426:Gilman S.L., (2008),
2264:"Jews Love Questions"
1741:Economic antisemitism
1664:Further information:
1474:
1414:American antisemitism
1313:Antisemitism in Islam
1274:
1212:and the parts of the
805:Sylvia Barack Fishman
569:
448:, Stereotypes of Jews
442:, an illustration to
431:
397:
390:Economic antisemitism
253:Jewish criminal from
243:Joseph Clayton Clarke
240:
156:
147:Further information:
98:
6113:Anti-Asian sentiment
5650:against antisemitism
5596:Martyrdom in Judaism
5462:Antisemitic websites
5374:Leo Frank trial (US)
5270:Catholic Inquisition
5242:Zionist antisemitism
4958:Antisemitism studies
4408:Dinnerstein, Leonard
4066:13 June 2010 at the
3780:The Jewish Chronicle
3629:Merwin, Ted (2006).
3620:on 10 November 2010.
3545:The New Deal Lawyers
3354:Lowe, Kelly Fisher,
3267:, Beacon Press, 2000
3213:, August House, 1992
3174:Berkley, George E.,
2884:Follow my footprints
1985:Kenez, Peter (2013)
1591:I'm a Yiddish Cowboy
1462:Montagu Frank Modder
1168:Curb Your Enthusiasm
1022:Marjorie Morningstar
1011:scrim of misogyny.'"
832:Generation of Vipers
787:, Mrs Patimkin from
784:Marjorie Morningstar
497:The Three Musketeers
63:create a new article
55:improve this article
45:may not represent a
5626:Spanish Inquisition
5537:Rhineland massacres
5292:Rhineland massacres
5285:Spanish Inquisition
5017:Stereotypes of Jews
5002:Racial antisemitism
4953:Persecution of Jews
4875:William Helmreich,
4612:Commentary magazine
3782:. 22 September 2011
3306:Booker, Janice L.,
3179:Branden Books, 1997
3079:. 7 September 1987.
2980:First Person Jewish
2266:, 5 March 2011, by
2218:research.calvin.edu
2214:"How to Tell a Jew"
2053:. pp. 99–110.
1816:Racial antisemitism
1811:Persecution of Jews
1796:Perpetual foreigner
1400:From 1914 to 1918,
1327:Antisemitic canards
1292:Portnoy's Complaint
1227:ideal of אײדלקײַט (
1084:Crazy Ex-Girlfriend
938:that portrays some
872:The Big Bang Theory
800:Portnoy's Complaint
703:Columbia University
617:Nathaniel Hawthorne
460:William Shakespeare
284:Spanish Inquisition
149:Racial antisemitism
112:Stereotypes of Jews
5989:European Americans
5845:Conservative Party
5606:Pale of Settlement
5116:Christian Identity
5090:Soviet mathematics
4995:Working definition
4771:The New York Times
4464:on 5 January 2013.
3920:10.1093/ahr/rhy020
3697:The New York Times
3678:The New York Times
3577:Dover Publications
3409:, 7 September 1987
3407:The New York Times
3262:Prell, Riv-Ellen,
3208:Sherman, Josepha,
3077:The New York Times
2350:on 5 December 2008
2338:(7 October 2005).
1831:Triple parentheses
1540:several broadcasts
1496:Dorothy Richardson
1484:
1436:In popular culture
1418:Russian Revolution
1367:'s prohibition of
1029:in his 1959 novel
1019:in his 1955 novel
940:upper-middle-class
697:, financed by the
585:
524:by Jews themselves
452:Publications like
450:
407:
264:
249:, a stereotypical
194:The Phantom Menace
159:
138:Stereotype by type
109:
6085:
6084:
6072:White Southerners
6009:Arabs and Muslims
5919:
5918:
5562:Ghettos in Europe
5475:The Daily Stormer
5280:Roman Inquisition
5143:Jewish Bolshevism
4725:978-0-313-33062-9
4698:978-0-8156-2991-7
4587:978-0-8047-5952-6
4560:978-0-8156-2991-7
4533:978-0-8156-2991-7
4506:978-0-8156-2991-7
4247:978-1-57230-929-6
4213:978-0-19-511931-2
4091:978-0-7425-4697-4
4046:978-90-5702-497-9
3975:978-0-495-50436-8
3812:978-0-231-50895-7
3725:978-0-7864-0522-0
3645:978-0-8135-3809-9
3585:978-0-486-42236-7
3558:978-0-691-00082-4
3528:978-0-8204-5815-1
3374:978-0-8032-6005-4
3282:978-0-8070-3633-4
3228:978-0-87483-194-8
3194:978-0-8283-2027-6
3160:978-0-7735-0781-4
3112:978-0-8135-3211-0
3058:978-1-57607-359-9
2922:146, 164, 168–169
2886:. UPNE. pp.
2859:978-0-87722-329-0
2798:978-0-691-11755-3
2767:978-0-7914-3052-1
2618:The Jewish Mother
2592:. SAGE. pp.
2557:978-0-7890-1099-5
2307:978-3-85616-847-6
2164:978-1-57912-996-5
2060:978-0-7914-3929-6
2016:The Village Voice
1997:978-1-107-04335-0
1972:978-0-521-19744-1
1933:Blonde stereotype
1721:Antisemitic trope
1582:
1480:Thomas Rowlandson
1464:and the other by
1235:). According to
1032:Goodbye, Columbus
895:New Jersey accent
887:Sheila Broflovski
848:Rhoda Morgenstern
790:Goodbye, Columbus
732:William Helmreich
643:is both a common
576:(before 1808) by
537:scientific racism
485:Our Mutual Friend
292:Medieval European
143:Physical features
91:
90:
83:
65:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
6125:
5946:
5939:
5932:
5923:
5443:Holocaust denial
5312:Host desecration
5121:Cultural Marxism
5051:Antisemitism and
5030:
4985:New antisemitism
4907:
4900:
4893:
4884:
4863:
4862:
4842:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4791:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4736:
4730:
4729:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4645:
4639:
4622:
4616:
4598:
4592:
4591:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4460:. Archived from
4437:
4431:
4430:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4404:
4395:
4394:
4386:
4380:
4379:
4363:
4354:
4353:
4345:
4339:
4338:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4150:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4129:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4077:
4071:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3909:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3838:(200): 440–462.
3823:
3817:
3816:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3753:
3747:
3734:
3728:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3654:
3648:
3627:
3621:
3597:
3588:
3567:
3561:
3537:
3531:
3510:
3499:
3498:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3470:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3442:
3436:
3435:, 13 March 2005.
3429:
3423:
3416:
3410:
3400:
3394:
3393:(5 January 2009)
3383:
3377:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3333:
3327:
3304:
3298:
3291:
3285:
3260:
3251:
3240:
3231:
3206:
3197:
3172:
3163:
3138:
3132:
3121:
3115:
3092:Brook, Vincent,
3090:
3081:
3080:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2952:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2911:
2902:
2901:
2875:
2864:
2863:
2847:
2837:
2828:
2827:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2722:
2713:
2712:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2663:
2657:
2644:
2638:
2628:
2622:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2437:
2431:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2381:
2374:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2346:. Archived from
2332:
2326:
2325:
2319:
2311:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2276:
2270:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2210:
2204:
2194:
2188:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2150:
2137:
2131:
2122:
2111:
2105:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2019:. Archived from
2006:
2000:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1956:
1938:LGBT stereotypes
1801:New antisemitism
1710:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1684:Joseph Lieberman
1660:Jews in politics
1605:Eastern European
1599:"Jewface" was a
1584:
1583:
1570:
1452:Gotthold Lessing
1260:Norman Podhoretz
1241:Unheroic Conduct
1154:Better Call Saul
1132:Michael Kostroff
846:, the mother of
707:Eastern European
607:Sir Walter Scott
578:Charles Landelle
547:Sander L. Gilman
341:Jewish education
226:The Operated Jew
191:, introduced in
86:
79:
75:
72:
66:
38:
37:
30:
21:
6133:
6132:
6128:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6123:
6122:
6088:
6087:
6086:
6081:
6055:Mountain Whites
6013:
5955:
5950:
5920:
5915:
5697:
5651:
5649:
5642:
5523:
5512:The Right Stuff
5469:Bible Believers
5457:
5337:
5335:
5328:
5246:
5222:Self-hating Jew
5099:
5080:Nation of Islam
5046:
4916:
4911:
4872:
4867:
4866:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4829:
4827:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4803:
4801:
4793:
4792:
4785:
4775:
4773:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4749:
4747:
4738:
4737:
4733:
4726:
4711:
4710:
4706:
4699:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4625:Anthony, Julius
4623:
4619:
4615:, November 1996
4599:
4595:
4588:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4561:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4534:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4507:
4492:
4491:
4487:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4406:
4405:
4398:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4365:
4364:
4357:
4347:
4346:
4342:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4248:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4184:
4182:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4158:
4156:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4122:
4115:
4113:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4092:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4068:Wayback Machine
4058:
4054:
4047:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4022:
4009:
4008:
4004:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3976:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3883:10.2307/3622591
3864:
3863:
3859:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3813:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3735:
3731:
3708:
3704:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3628:
3624:
3600:Michaelson, Jay
3598:
3591:
3568:
3564:
3540:Irons, Peter H.
3538:
3534:
3511:
3502:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3460:
3456:
3443:
3439:
3430:
3426:
3417:
3413:
3401:
3397:
3384:
3380:
3353:
3349:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3305:
3301:
3292:
3288:
3261:
3254:
3241:
3234:
3207:
3200:
3173:
3166:
3139:
3135:
3122:
3118:
3091:
3084:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3059:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3008:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2990:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2913:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2877:
2876:
2867:
2860:
2839:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2737:
2724:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2645:
2641:
2629:
2625:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2407:Jewish Standard
2400:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2353:
2351:
2344:The Independent
2334:
2333:
2329:
2312:
2308:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2195:
2191:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2152:
2151:
2140:
2132:
2125:
2112:
2108:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1826:Self-hating Jew
1771:Jewish diaspora
1706:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1668:
1662:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1560:
1466:Edgar Rosenberg
1457:Nathan the Wise
1444:
1438:
1377:
1365:Catholic Church
1357:Nazi propaganda
1348:
1346:Medieval Europe
1315:
1303:Main articles:
1301:
1185:nice Jewish boy
1181:
1179:Nice Jewish boy
1112:stock character
1101:moral turpitude
1097:
978:Robert Townsend
974:Sarah Silverman
960:Jewish Princess
922:
915:
899:George Costanza
891:Kyle Broflovski
844:Ida Morgenstern
839:Zena Smith Blau
649:stock character
637:
631:
622:The Marble Faun
591:
564:
559:
532:
470:Charles Dickens
440:After the Trial
392:
386:
337:
332:
301:In part due to
272:recessive trait
255:Charles Dickens
235:
213:
207:
151:
145:
140:
107:of a Jewish man
87:
76:
70:
67:
52:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6131:
6129:
6121:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6090:
6089:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6062:Ugly Americans
6059:
6058:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6032:
6027:
6021:
6019:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5979:
5971:
5965:
5963:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5941:
5934:
5926:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5907:
5906:
5901:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5840:United Kingdom
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5815:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5774:
5773:
5763:
5758:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5654:
5652:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5635:
5634:
5633:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5601:Nuremberg Laws
5598:
5593:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5564:
5557:Jewish quarter
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5533:
5531:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5516:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5471:
5465:
5463:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5453:ZOG conspiracy
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5411:Final Solution
5403:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5344:Ghetto benches
5340:
5338:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5321:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5267:
5265:Jewish deicide
5262:
5256:
5254:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5198:
5193:
5186:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5140:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5107:
5105:
5104:Related topics
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4924:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4853:(4): 845–864.
4837:
4811:
4783:
4757:
4731:
4724:
4704:
4697:
4677:
4658:(1): 112–126.
4640:
4617:
4593:
4586:
4566:
4559:
4539:
4532:
4512:
4505:
4485:
4467:
4452:(3): 465–479.
4432:
4417:
4396:
4381:
4355:
4340:
4325:
4310:
4295:
4268:
4253:
4246:
4226:
4212:
4192:
4166:
4146:"Antisemitism"
4137:
4097:
4090:
4072:
4052:
4045:
4027:
4020:
4002:
3984:
3974:
3954:
3942:
3933:
3896:
3857:
3818:
3811:
3793:
3767:
3748:
3729:
3702:
3683:
3664:
3649:
3622:
3589:
3562:
3532:
3500:
3485:
3465:
3454:
3444:Gibbs, Nancy.
3437:
3424:
3411:
3395:
3378:
3347:
3328:
3299:
3286:
3252:
3242:Dundes, Alan,
3232:
3198:
3164:
3133:
3116:
3082:
3064:
3057:
3037:
3016:
2995:
2988:
2970:
2963:
2937:
2930:
2903:
2896:
2888:1–2, 30–32, 35
2865:
2858:
2829:
2822:
2804:
2797:
2773:
2766:
2742:
2735:
2714:
2707:
2689:
2682:
2658:
2639:
2635:Jewish Journal
2623:
2609:
2602:
2578:
2574:The Bookseller
2563:
2556:
2536:
2522:
2502:
2483:(2): 191–207.
2463:
2432:
2419:
2393:
2382:on 29 May 2014
2361:
2327:
2306:
2288:
2282:Born to Kvetch
2279:Wex, Michael.
2271:
2256:
2230:
2205:
2189:
2170:
2163:
2138:
2123:
2106:
2089:
2066:
2059:
2034:
2023:on 9 July 2016
2011:"All Droid Up"
2001:
1978:
1971:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1791:Model minority
1788:
1783:
1781:Jewish history
1778:
1773:
1768:
1766:Jewish culture
1763:
1761:Jewish cuisine
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1708:Judaism portal
1695:
1692:
1661:
1658:
1589:
1588:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1536:Anthony Julius
1500:Virginia Woolf
1440:Main article:
1437:
1434:
1390:American Jewry
1376:
1373:
1347:
1344:
1300:
1297:
1237:Daniel Boyarin
1218:American media
1206:Otto Weininger
1180:
1177:
1163:Irish-American
1103:and excessive
1096:
1093:
1002:Rebecca Alpert
980:in his comedy
969:Sheik Yerbouti
914:
911:
803:also by Roth.
781:'s 1955 novel
756:Woman of Valor
686:anthropologist
630:
627:
594:La belle juive
589:La belle juive
587:Main article:
571:The Jewess of
563:
560:
558:
555:
542:The Bell Curve
531:
528:
491:Arabian Nights
388:Main article:
385:
382:
374:Born to Kvetch
361:four questions
349:Talmudic texts
336:
333:
331:
328:
280:Judas Iscariot
234:
231:
209:Main article:
206:
203:
144:
141:
139:
136:
89:
88:
49:of the subject
47:worldwide view
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6130:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6016:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5964:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5947:
5942:
5940:
5935:
5933:
5928:
5927:
5924:
5912:
5909:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5895:
5894:United States
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5645:
5639:
5636:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5574:The Holocaust
5572:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5476:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5438:Doctors' plot
5436:
5434:
5433:Slánský trial
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5417:
5416:The Holocaust
5414:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5390:
5389:Farhud (Iraq)
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5349:Hep-Hep riots
5347:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5331:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5297:Martin Luther
5295:
5293:
5290:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5249:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5232:Weaponization
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5197:
5196:Philosemitism
5194:
5192:
5191:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5155:Khazar theory
5153:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5102:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5085:Olympic Games
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5064:
5063:New Testament
5061:
5060:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5049:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4983:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4908:
4903:
4901:
4896:
4894:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4878:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4841:
4838:
4826:
4822:
4815:
4812:
4800:
4796:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4772:
4768:
4761:
4758:
4746:
4742:
4735:
4732:
4727:
4721:
4717:
4716:
4708:
4705:
4700:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4681:
4678:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4652:
4644:
4641:
4638:
4637:0-521-58673-9
4634:
4630:
4626:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4594:
4589:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4570:
4567:
4562:
4556:
4552:
4551:
4543:
4540:
4535:
4529:
4525:
4524:
4516:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4489:
4486:
4481:
4477:
4471:
4468:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4436:
4433:
4428:
4421:
4418:
4413:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4392:
4385:
4382:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4351:
4344:
4341:
4336:
4329:
4326:
4321:
4314:
4311:
4306:
4299:
4296:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4272:
4269:
4264:
4257:
4254:
4249:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4230:
4227:
4215:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4196:
4193:
4181:. Yad-NVashem
4180:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4155:. Yad- Vashem
4154:
4147:
4141:
4138:
4133:
4127:
4111:
4109:
4101:
4098:
4093:
4087:
4083:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4056:
4053:
4048:
4042:
4038:
4031:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4013:
4006:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3958:
3955:
3951:
3946:
3943:
3937:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3906:
3900:
3897:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3861:
3858:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3819:
3814:
3808:
3804:
3797:
3794:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3763:
3762:Rolling Stone
3759:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3706:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3687:
3684:
3679:
3675:
3668:
3665:
3660:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3489:
3486:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3458:
3455:
3452:, 7 May 1990.
3451:
3447:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3366:0-8032-6005-9
3363:
3360:
3358:
3351:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3324:1-56171-082-2
3321:
3317:
3316:9781561710829
3313:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3274:0-8070-3633-1
3271:
3268:
3266:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3220:0-87483-194-6
3217:
3214:
3212:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3186:0-8283-2027-6
3183:
3180:
3178:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3152:0-7735-0781-7
3149:
3146:
3144:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3104:0-8135-3211-6
3101:
3098:
3096:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3041:
3038:
3026:
3020:
3017:
3005:
2999:
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2989:9780816643554
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2964:9780813532110
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2931:9780813525907
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2897:9780874515831
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2523:9781134384907
2519:
2516:. Routledge.
2515:
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2336:Vallely, Paul
2331:
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2245:. 2 July 2013
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2041:
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2022:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1994:
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1982:
1979:
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1968:
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1879:
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1869:
1867:
1866:Hispanophobia
1864:
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1614:
1613:Tin Pan Alley
1610:
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1592:
1569:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1520:Graham Greene
1517:
1513:
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1505:
1501:
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1398:
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1387:
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1375:United States
1374:
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1358:
1353:
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1314:
1310:
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1298:
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1293:
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1282:
1280:
1273:
1271:
1270:Norman Mailer
1267:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1201:Roman society
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:
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1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1095:Jewish lawyer
1094:
1092:
1090:
1087:, created by
1086:
1085:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:Daphne Zuniga
1056:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1003:
1000:According to
998:
996:
993:
989:
985:
984:
979:
975:
971:
970:
965:
961:
957:
953:
952:materialistic
949:
945:
941:
937:
934:
930:
926:
920:
912:
910:
908:
904:
901:’s mother in
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
883:
878:
874:
873:
868:
865:According to
863:
861:
860:
855:
854:
849:
845:
840:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
815:
813:
808:
806:
802:
801:
796:
792:
791:
786:
785:
780:
775:
774:
773:The Goldbergs
769:
768:Gertrude Berg
764:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
740:
738:
733:
728:
723:
721:
720:
715:
711:
708:
704:
700:
696:
695:
690:
689:Margaret Mead
687:
682:
678:
677:
675:
670:
669:Dan Greenburg
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
636:
635:Who is a Jew?
629:Jewish mother
628:
626:
624:
623:
618:
614:
613:
608:
604:
599:
595:
590:
583:
579:
575:
574:
568:
561:
556:
554:
552:
548:
544:
543:
538:
529:
527:
525:
520:
517:
513:
512:United States
509:
505:
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498:
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492:
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477:
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461:
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396:
391:
383:
381:
379:
375:
371:
370:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
335:Communication
334:
329:
327:
325:
319:
318:
314:
312:
308:
304:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
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256:
252:
248:
244:
239:
232:
230:
228:
227:
222:
218:
212:
204:
202:
201:caricatures.
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
155:
150:
142:
137:
135:
131:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
106:
102:
97:
93:
85:
82:
74:
71:February 2021
64:
60:
56:
50:
48:
41:
32:
31:
19:
6067:Valley Girls
6025:Appalachians
5998:
5982:South Asians
5904:21st century
5884:South Africa
5850:Labour Party
5771:21st century
5714:Saudi Arabia
5638:Yellow badge
5588:
5584:Jewish quota
5511:
5473:
5448:Yellow badge
5316:
5260:Anti-Judaism
5214:
5200:
5188:
5164:
5160:Ku Klux Klan
5135:
5111:Anti-Zionism
5095:Universities
5058:Christianity
5016:
4968:Adolf Hitler
4914:Antisemitism
4876:
4870:Bibliography
4850:
4846:
4840:
4828:. Retrieved
4824:
4814:
4802:. Retrieved
4798:
4774:. Retrieved
4770:
4760:
4748:. Retrieved
4744:
4734:
4714:
4707:
4687:
4680:
4655:
4649:
4643:
4628:
4620:
4610:
4605:
4596:
4576:
4569:
4549:
4542:
4522:
4515:
4495:
4488:
4479:
4470:
4462:the original
4449:
4445:
4435:
4426:
4420:
4411:
4390:
4384:
4375:
4371:
4349:
4343:
4334:
4328:
4319:
4313:
4304:
4298:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4262:
4256:
4236:
4229:
4217:. Retrieved
4202:
4195:
4183:. Retrieved
4178:
4169:
4157:. Retrieved
4152:
4140:
4114:. Retrieved
4107:
4100:
4081:
4075:
4055:
4036:
4030:
4011:
4005:
3996:
3987:
3979:
3964:
3957:
3945:
3936:
3911:
3899:
3874:
3870:
3860:
3835:
3831:
3821:
3802:
3796:
3784:. Retrieved
3779:
3770:
3761:
3751:
3738:
3732:
3711:
3705:
3696:
3686:
3677:
3667:
3658:
3652:
3631:
3625:
3607:
3571:
3565:
3544:
3535:
3514:
3488:
3477:
3468:
3457:
3449:
3440:
3433:Boston Globe
3432:
3427:
3419:
3414:
3406:
3398:
3390:
3385:Klein, Amy,
3381:
3356:
3350:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3307:
3302:
3294:
3289:
3264:
3247:
3210:
3176:
3142:
3136:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3094:
3076:
3067:
3047:
3040:
3028:. Retrieved
3019:
3007:. Retrieved
2998:
2979:
2973:
2948:
2940:
2916:
2883:
2843:
2813:
2807:
2783:
2776:
2752:
2745:
2726:
2698:
2692:
2669:Taking stock
2668:
2661:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2626:
2616:
2612:
2588:
2581:
2546:
2539:
2527:. Retrieved
2512:
2505:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2452:(1): 58–80.
2449:
2445:
2435:
2422:
2410:. Retrieved
2406:
2396:
2384:. Retrieved
2377:the original
2364:
2352:. Retrieved
2348:the original
2343:
2330:
2297:
2291:
2280:
2274:
2259:
2247:. Retrieved
2243:The Guardian
2242:
2233:
2221:. Retrieved
2217:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2184:
2180:
2154:
2133:
2118:
2109:
2101:
2092:
2080:. Retrieved
2069:
2050:
2025:. Retrieved
2021:the original
2014:
2004:
1986:
1981:
1961:
1954:
1786:Jewish humor
1736:Anti-Zionism
1731:Allosemitism
1726:Antisemitism
1670:Research on
1669:
1650:Eddy Portnoy
1641:
1640:The exhibit
1639:
1628:
1598:
1590:
1548:
1526:, Fagin and
1508:Evelyn Waugh
1488:antisemitism
1485:
1476:A Jew Broker
1475:
1455:
1445:
1426:
1411:
1399:
1382:
1378:
1361:
1349:
1329:such as the
1316:
1290:
1284:
1275:
1263:
1253:
1244:
1240:
1228:
1222:
1184:
1182:
1166:
1159:Saul Goodman
1152:
1148:Breaking Bad
1146:
1144:
1140:American Jew
1130:, played by
1125:
1122:Maurice Levy
1115:
1109:
1098:
1089:Rachel Bloom
1082:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1063:Bill Pullman
1052:
1045:
1041:Cosmopolitan
1039:
1037:
1030:
1020:
1014:
1010:
1006:World War II
999:
981:
967:
928:
924:
923:
880:
870:
864:
857:
851:
836:
831:
828:Philip Wylie
824:Erik Erikson
819:
816:
809:
798:
788:
782:
771:
765:
759:
743:
741:
736:
727:Jackie Mason
724:
717:
692:
683:
679:
672:
640:
638:
620:
610:
593:
592:
581:
570:
551:Karl Pearson
540:
533:
530:Intelligence
521:
508:Paul Volcker
503:Hans Brinker
501:
495:
489:
483:
475:Oliver Twist
473:
463:
453:
451:
443:
436:
408:
367:
365:
338:
320:
316:
315:
300:
288:Italian Jews
265:
260:Oliver Twist
258:
224:
214:
192:
182:
160:
132:
111:
110:
100:
92:
77:
68:
44:
6108:Orientalism
6077:White Trash
6035:Poor Whites
5977:East Asians
5869:New Zealand
5621:Segregation
5529:Persecution
5501:Radio Islam
5307:Blood libel
5302:Blood curse
5075:Middle Ages
4921:Core topics
4879:(Doubleday)
4601:Gross, John
4350:Roads Taken
4219:10 December
4185:19 November
4159:19 November
4153:Yad- Vashem
3030:24 December
3009:24 December
2756:. pp.
2637:10 May 2007
2630:Amy Klein,
2529:24 December
2249:21 February
2223:21 February
2027:25 February
1806:Orientalism
1552:self-hatred
1512:James Joyce
1448:Louis Harap
1402:World War I
1352:Christendom
1331:blood libel
1319:Middle Ages
1287:Philip Roth
1189:masculinity
1173:Larry David
1027:Philip Roth
1017:Herman Wouk
964:Frank Zappa
948:selfishness
944:entitlement
867:Alisa Lebow
795:Philip Roth
779:Herman Wouk
719:ima polania
619:'s romance
582:belle juive
562:Belle juive
500:, and even
423:Renaissance
415:Middle Ages
378:Yiddishkeit
221:Sara Lipton
211:Jewish nose
199:antisemitic
163:caricatures
128:antisemitic
120:caricatured
6092:Categories
5746:Costa Rica
5709:Arab world
5693:Yad Vashem
5616:Refuseniks
5579:Jewish hat
5552:Expulsions
5519:Stormfront
5227:Xenophobia
5177:in English
5166:Mein Kampf
5148:Żydokomuna
4978:Propaganda
4804:8 November
4776:8 November
4750:8 November
4179:Yad-Vashem
4021:0827602677
3579:. p. 262.
3552:. p. 128.
3497:. Vulture.
3344:: 412–416.
2699:Punchlines
2386:13 January
1946:References
1654:Jody Rosen
1631:Macklemore
1601:vaudeville
1546:and Jews.
1532:John Gross
1516:Ezra Pound
1504:T.S. Eliot
1265:Commentary
1225:Ashkenazic
1197:effeminate
1067:John Candy
1054:Spaceballs
995:stereotype
992:pejorative
986:(see also
936:stereotype
933:pejorative
882:South Park
754:(e.g. the
645:stereotype
598:temptation
330:Behavioral
276:endogamous
251:red-haired
187:character
175:hook-noses
124:prejudiced
105:caricature
5911:Venezuela
5726:Australia
5721:Argentina
5702:By region
5631:Expulsion
5491:Metapedia
5486:Jew Watch
5172:in Arabic
4938:Geography
4933:Economics
4830:24 August
4672:159997010
4290:228295443
4116:3 January
3928:0002-8762
3852:0034-6551
3746:. p. 159.
3719:. p. 97.
3639:. p. 23.
3522:. p. 76.
2497:0031-322X
2458:1522-5321
2446:Discourse
2316:cite book
1609:blackface
1073:Druish!"
962:" on the
725:Comedian
714:diasporic
653:comedians
257:'s novel
184:Star Wars
171:Ashkenazi
122:and of a
101:Jew Jokes
59:talk page
6050:Rednecks
6040:Crackers
5879:Pakistan
5813:Imperial
5590:Judensau
5547:Boycotts
5506:Redwatch
5496:Podblanc
5359:May Laws
5318:Judensau
5022:Timeline
4990:Three Ds
4973:Americas
4410:(1994).
4286:ProQuest
4126:cite web
4064:Archived
3914:. 2018.
3877:: 1–18.
3614:Archived
3542:(1993).
2082:8 August
1694:See also
1528:Svengali
1490:against
1395:Peddling
1249:Talmudic
1245:eydlkayt
1229:eydlkayt
1214:diaspora
1127:The Wire
1105:legalism
1047:New York
956:neurotic
903:Seinfeld
345:chavrusa
296:Red Jews
268:red hair
217:aquiline
167:cartoons
130:nature.
118:, often
53:You may
6045:Redlegs
6030:Cowboys
5899:History
5835:Ukraine
5803:Romania
5788:Hungary
5778:Germany
5761:Belgium
5756:Austria
5611:Pogroms
4943:History
4928:Canards
4825:Forward
4745:Forward
4482:. 2007.
4372:Forward
4108:Jud Süß
3997:Judaism
3891:3622591
3618:WebCite
3196:pp51–52
2789:304–308
2654:mother.
2412:18 June
2354:30 June
1688:Al Gore
1676:liberal
1644:at the
1558:Jewface
1524:Shylock
1386:pogroms
1299:History
1233:Yiddish
983:B*A*P*S
931:) is a
748:Judaism
710:ghettos
657:nagging
612:Ivanhoe
603:languid
573:Tangier
438:Shylock
433:Gilbert
294:lore, "
5889:Turkey
5864:Mexico
5830:Sweden
5818:Soviet
5808:Russia
5798:Norway
5783:Greece
5766:France
5751:Europe
5731:Canada
5567:Mellah
5514:(blog)
5324:Pogrom
4963:Nazism
4722:
4695:
4670:
4635:
4584:
4557:
4530:
4503:
4288:
4244:
4210:
4088:
4043:
4018:
3972:
3926:
3889:
3850:
3809:
3786:7 June
3723:
3643:
3583:
3556:
3526:
3479:Tablet
3372:
3364:
3326:, p 34
3322:
3314:
3284:p177ff
3280:
3272:
3226:
3218:
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