201:
3292:. These anti-apartheid organisations led protests that were both active (e.g. marching through the streets with torches) and passive (e.g. standing silently in black). Two Jewish organisations were formed in 1985: Jews for Justice (in Cape Town) and Jews for Social Justice (in Johannesburg). They tried to reform South African society and build bridges between the white and black communities. The South African Jewish Board also passed a resolution rejecting apartheid in 1985.
3281:
English-speaking white South
Africans, Jews supported either the Progressive Party or the United Party. One organisation, the Union of Jewish Women, sought to alleviate the suffering of blacks through charitable projects and self-help schemes. Fourteen of the 23 whites involved in the 1956 Treason Trial were Jewish and all five whites of the 17 members of the African National Congress who were arrested for anti-apartheid activities in 1963 were Jewish.
7127:
2961:("parliament"), and from superintendencies of natives and mines. These positions were restricted to persons above 30 years of age with permanent property and a longer history of settlement. As a consequence of the fact that Boer republics were only in existence from 1857 to 1902, unfortunately many residents of the Boer republics had limited access to positions in the upper echelons of government. All instruction was to be given in a
3948:
57:
7207:
183:
3934:
3456:
3588:
3214:
3263:, who was Jewish as well, and held him as a 'savior of the country.' The Afrikaner National Party government also collaborated with the Israeli government who sold them arms and anti-rioting equipment to suppress Black communities. The apartheid government also secretly worked with Israel to develop a nuclear program.
3296:
Johannesburg's Oxford
Synagogue and Cape Town's Temple Israel established nurseries, medical clinics and adult education programs in the townships and provided legal aid for victims of apartheid laws. Many Jewish lawyers acted as nominees for non-whites who were not allowed to buy properties in white areas.
3353:, a refugee from Nazi Germany, also played a key role in national opposition to Apartheid and later became South Africa's Ambassador to the US during its transition to democracy. The Progressive Party (later renamed the Democratic Party and then the Democratic Alliance) was later led by Jewish politician,
7154:
3204:
reported on the systematic oppression of Jewish medical professionals in
Germany. These actions included denial of graduations for Jewish medical students, employment bans, forced resignations, raids on a Jewish medical association, and violent attacks on individual doctors. The report concluded that
3145:
refugees coming to South Africa, brought such migration to almost a complete halt. Some Jews were able to enter the country, but many were unable to do so. A total of approximately six-and-a-half thousand Jews came to South Africa from
Germany between the years 1933 and 1939. During this period, many
3364:
In 1980, after 77 years of neutrality, South Africa's
National Congress of the Jewish Board of Deputies passed a resolution urging "all concerned and, in particular, members of our community to cooperate in securing the immediate amelioration and ultimate removal of all unjust discriminatory laws
3248:
maintained a cordial relationship with the South
African government even though it objected to the policies of apartheid being enacted. South Africa's Jews were permitted to collect huge sums of money to be sent on as official aid to Israel, despite strict exchange-control regulations. Per capita,
2995:
The South
African gold rush began after 1886, attracting many Jews. In 1880, the Jewish population of South Africa numbered approximately 4,000; by 1914 it had grown to more than 40,000. So many of them came from Lithuania that some referred to the population as a colony of Lithuania; Johannesburg
3298:
In 1980, South Africa's
National Congress of the Jewish Board of Deputies passed a resolution urging "all concerned and, in particular, members of our community to cooperate in securing the immediate amelioration and ultimate removal of all unjust discriminatory laws and practices based on race,
3407:
Although the Jewish community peaked in the 1970s (at around 120,000), about 52,000 mostly nominally
Orthodox, remain in South Africa. A proportion are secular, or have converted to Christianity. Despite low intermarriage rates (around 7%), approximately 1,800 Jews emigrate every year, mainly to
3485:
The 2016 Community Survey mini-census conducted by
Statistics South Africa found the largest numbers in the following municipalities: Johannesburg 23,420; Cape Town 12,672; Ethekwini (Durban) 3,599; Ekurhuleni (East Rand) 1,846; Tshwane (Pretoria) 1,579; Nelson Mandela Bay (Port Elizabeth) 623;
3280:
Many Jewish South Africans, both individuals and organisations, helped support the anti-apartheid movement. It was estimated that Jews were disproportionately represented (some sources maintain by as much as 2,500%) among whites involved in anti-apartheid political activities. Much like other
3295:
In addition to the well-known high profile Jewish anti-apartheid personalities, there were very many ordinary Jews who expressed their revulsion of apartheid in diverse ways and contributed to its eventual downfall. Many Jews actively provided humanitarian assistance for black communities.
2857:(Day of Atonement) at the home of Benjamin Norden on the corner of Weltevreden and Hof streets. Benjamin Norden, Simeon Markus, together with a score of others arriving in the early 1820s and '30s, were commercial pioneers, especially the Mosenthal brothers—Julius, Adolph (see
3340:
corporations. He was a supporter of the liberal Progressive Party and its policies, believing that granting more freedom and economic growth to South Africa's Black African majority was good politics and sound economic policy. The banner for this cause was held high by
3883:) in 1996 – as well as a midrasha; it also runs a bet midrash in Cape Town. Aish HaTorah emphasizes student-focused programming – lectures and retreats, as well as various group trips to Israel – and also runs a community synagogue for singles and young marrieds.
3489:
Kosher certification in South Africa plays a significant role in the local Jewish community. Currently, there are three agencies operating in the country, namely the Union of Orthodox Synagogues (UOS) Kosher Division, Kosher Certified South Africa (KCSA), and
3744:, Rosh Yeshiva at Yeshiva College for over 50 years, is credited with the growth of that school and its associated institutions, but more broadly, with the "massive sea change for the South African Jewish community and for its spiritual development".
3452:(2008), has been widely credited for initiating a "Bill of Responsibilities" which the government has incorporated in the national school curriculum. The chief rabbi has also pushed for community run projects to combat crime in the country.
3365:
and practices based on race, creed, or colour". This inspired some Jews to intensify their anti-apartheid activism, but the bulk of the community either emigrated or avoided public conflict with the National Party government.
3473:
restaurants and religious centres. In politics, the Jewish community continues to have influence, particularly in leadership roles. Currently, the sole national Jewish newspaper, with a readership of about 40,000, is the
7159:
3181:
argued that the Aliens Act was too lenient and advocated a complete ban on Jewish immigration, a halt in the naturalisation of Jewish permanent residents of South Africa and the banning of Jews from certain professions.
3368:
The Jewish establishment and the majority of South African Jews remained focused on Jewish issues. A few rabbis spoke out against apartheid early, but they failed to gain support and it was not until 1985 that the
3482:, commenced broadcasting in Johannesburg, and also broadcasting on the internet to the large South African "diaspora". Despite a fall in number, since 2003 the number of South African Jews has stabilised.
4000:
6930:
3890:
maintains a network of supplementary Hebrew and Religious classes at its temples. These schools are all affiliated to the SA Union for Progressive Judaism. Rabbi Sa'ar Shaked, congregational rabbi of
3299:
creed, or colour". This inspired some Jews to intensify their anti-apartheid activism, but the bulk of the community either emigrated or avoided public conflict with the National Party government.
3200:
In this period, Jewish activism in South Africa also included attempts to secure the position of Jews overseas. In 1933, following the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany, a correspondent for the
6522:
1314:
4175:
3918:
conferences are held in August/September each year. South Africa's Orthodox rabbis do not participate, unlike the UK's Orthodox Rabbinate part of whom have taken part in Limmud UK; see
5823:
1892:
5103:
2913:, as the acting attorney-general of Cape Colony he introduced and carried in 1872 the Cape Colony Responsible Government Bill and the Voluntary Bill (abolishing state aid to the
1547:
1242:
6667:
5077:
3666:
Jewish Day School (subsequently renamed), was opened in January 2012, to cater for Jewish children in the greater Durban area. In total, nineteen Day Schools, affiliated to the
1434:
7007:
5130:
4224:
4499:
6863:
3205:
the actions of the Nazi regime likely had the tacit support of the German medical establishment and ended with the request that South African doctors protest the actions.
2642:
3361:. Zille is of Jewish descent: her parents separately left Germany in the 1930s to avoid Nazi persecution (her maternal grandfather and paternal grandmother were Jewish).
3252:
Despite the anti-semitism of the ruling National Party, Jewish people were considered as white under the law and shared the same privileges as the Afrikaners. After the
406:
3636:– the high school was established in 1955. Today, the King David schools are, combined, amongst the largest Jewish day schools in the world. King David's equivalent in
3284:
Some Jewish university students vehemently opposed the apartheid movement. A large number of Jews were also involved in organisations such as the Springbok Legion, the
3193:. South African Jews in Israel number around 20,000 in the 21st century. During this time, there were also two waves of Jewish immigration to Africa from the island of
6527:
1429:
5791:
5257:
4144:
7012:
6962:
3385:, where for generations the school has been funded and led by women from the Progressive movement, even in opposition to the Bantu Education Act, 1953 (Feld 2014).
3244:. This began a long history of cooperation between Israel and South Africa on many levels. Elements of the South Africa Jewish community through such bodies as the
1677:
3722:
7017:
6957:
4009:
1931:
3684:
youth movement. As an institution with hundreds of pupils, Yeshivah College is today the largest religious school in the country, with Torah studied alongside
4273:
7184:
6945:
6940:
5816:
3441:
3374:
2938:
2831:
2694:
916:
879:
5010:
Spurdle, AB; Jenkins, T (November 1996), "The origins of the Lemba "Black Jews" of southern Africa: evidence from p12F2 and other Y-chromosome markers.",
7022:
3113:
Although South Africans Jews were granted equal rights after the Second Boer War, they again became subject of persecution in the days leading up to the
3048:), though other Jews volunteered. Jews fighting on the Boer side participated in many of the major engagements of the war, and continued to fight in the
2697:. From 1880 to 1914, the Jewish population in South Africa grew from 4,000 to over 40,000. South African Jews have played an important role in promoting
3125:, was intended to curtail the immigration of Jews into South Africa. The vast majority of Jews immigrating to South Africa during this period came from
3813:, Cape Town two and Kwazulu-Natal one, all of which offer a variety of Torah classes and adult education and informal children's education programmes.
3469:
The community has become more observant and in Johannesburg, the largest centre of Jewish life with 40,000 Jews, there is a high number and density of
6925:
6778:
3795:
1855:
7002:
1878:
6910:
1228:
6752:
3494:. These agencies provide certification and supervision services to ensure that food products meet the strict dietary requirements of Jewish law.
2897:
industry. Jews also played some part in early South African politics. Captain Joshua Norden was shot at the head of his Mounted Burghers in the
6972:
6856:
6444:
5809:
3370:
2671:
2635:
1805:
1740:
1622:
2822:, 1669. Despite this, Jewish immigration to the colony remained small in number due to the VOC requiring all its employees and settlers to be
7231:
7149:
6935:
5583:
5564:
5541:
5522:
5500:
5481:
4965:
4307:
3381:
while women in the movement engaged in social work as a form of protest. This includes the Moses Weiler School in Alexandra founded by Rabbi
3130:
926:
7075:
5287:
6582:
5696:
3981:
1364:
3486:
Msunduzi (Pietermaritzburg) 600; Mangaung (Bloemfontein) 343; Stellenbosch 316; Buffalo City (East London) 251; Mbombela (Nelspruit) 242.
2763:
6507:
7174:
7144:
6977:
6682:
5107:
3609:, while children received secular education at government and private schools. There were, initially, no formal structures in place for
3567:
Since the late twentieth century, there has been increased media and scholarly attention about the Lemba's claim of common descent from
3256:
in which Nelson Mandela and several co-defendants, some Jewish, were sentenced to life in prison, the Apartheid government praised then-
1632:
1439:
679:
5772:
6905:
6587:
5725:
5081:
3806:
3392:
2028:
1978:
1943:
1637:
1502:
1369:
3837:
2698:
7211:
7179:
7164:
6950:
6849:
6642:
6612:
6567:
6502:
4606:
4549:
3780:
2628:
1720:
1682:
1657:
1577:
1562:
1409:
1349:
1304:
5229:
5138:
4512:
4438:
3332:(1908–2000) (born Jewish but converted to Anglicanism upon his marriage), the richest man in South Africa and the chairman of the
3236:
came to power in 1948 it did not adopt an anti-Jewish policy despite its earlier position. In 1953 South Africa's Prime Minister,
3110:
one. This prevented Yiddish speaking Jewish immigrants from being stopped on racial ground, which has been a frequent occurrence.
7169:
6915:
6632:
4917:
3880:
3752:
3629:
3317:
3273:
3245:
3126:
2013:
1995:
1901:
1795:
1647:
1642:
1567:
1532:
1399:
5662:
A comprehensive overview of the history of the community, from early settlement in Northern and Southern Rhodesia to life today.
4841:
4154:
7189:
6920:
6732:
6707:
6557:
6552:
6532:
6497:
6482:
6396:
6240:
5777:
5674:
5665:
3674:
2531:
2430:
1985:
1968:
1921:
1820:
1730:
1667:
1617:
1597:
1592:
1512:
1486:
1461:
1339:
1329:
1319:
1299:
1294:
6542:
2957:
from military posts, from the positions of president, state secretary, or magistrate, from membership in the First and Second
6967:
6825:
6821:
6795:
6717:
6687:
6672:
6657:
6647:
6637:
6597:
6547:
6467:
5469:
5428:
3802:
3667:
3142:
2004:
1990:
1958:
1938:
1906:
1850:
1825:
1800:
1780:
1770:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1725:
1715:
1710:
1687:
1602:
1587:
1507:
1466:
1419:
1414:
1334:
1279:
5393:
3240:, became the first foreign head of government to visit Israel though the trip was a "private visit" rather than an official
5265:
7058:
6997:
6992:
6727:
6722:
6617:
6577:
6472:
6453:
5840:
5832:
5160:
3685:
3308:
South African Jews have a history of political moderation and the majority supported opposition parties such as first the
3233:
3201:
3178:
2741:. As of 2021, it is estimated that 92% of the Jewish population on the African continent is concentrated in South Africa.
2425:
1963:
1948:
1911:
1873:
1845:
1835:
1830:
1815:
1810:
1790:
1775:
1760:
1735:
1701:
1672:
1572:
1557:
1481:
1471:
1389:
1359:
1284:
1270:
6817:
6487:
5624:
4811:
4784:
3026:
during the conflict. On the opposing side, roughly 300 Jews served on the Boer side; collectively they were known as the
906:
7194:
7037:
6887:
6702:
6697:
6607:
6592:
6572:
6562:
6537:
6517:
6477:
5740:
5633:
3961:
3714:
3313:
2738:
2033:
1953:
1916:
1840:
1785:
1652:
1627:
1552:
1527:
1517:
1456:
1379:
1374:
1354:
1344:
1324:
1309:
1202:
670:
665:
6757:
6677:
6627:
5690:
7112:
6895:
6622:
6376:
3309:
2759:
2023:
2018:
1973:
1926:
1612:
1582:
1542:
1537:
1394:
700:
4722:
4470:
2901:
of 1846; Lieutenant Elias de Pass fought in the Xhosa War of 1849. Julius Mosenthal (1818–1880), brother of the poet
6808:
6804:
6786:
6602:
6492:
2969:
spirit, and Jewish and Catholic teachers and children were to be excluded from state-subsidised schools. Before the
7100:
7090:
6662:
6437:
6406:
6168:
4758:
3891:
3868:
3325:
3174:
2910:
2497:
2342:
2050:
1444:
640:
630:
366:
6782:
6652:
4052:
987:
7126:
6712:
6512:
6391:
6193:
5195:
4596:
3595:
2902:
2611:
2304:
2155:
2096:
247:
4740:
4255:
2701:. South Africa's Jewish community peaked in the 1970s with an estimated 120,000 Jews living in the country. The
7085:
7080:
6872:
6260:
6250:
4277:
3872:
3346:
3044:
3012:
officer Karrie Davies, participated in some of the most significant engagements of the conflict, including the
2795:
2693:
in the 19th century, the Jewish South African community expanded greatly, in part thanks to encouragement from
2314:
2294:
1404:
884:
425:
3237:
2909:, was a member of the Cape Parliament in the 1850s. Simeon Jacobs, C.M.G. (1832–1883), who was a judge in the
5208:
6982:
6401:
6386:
6206:
5796:
4723:"Legendary Heroes of Africa - Stamps to Commemorate Jewish anti Apartheid South African Liberation struggle"
3829:
3805:(having ordained 98 Rabbis since its establishment in 2001), and Lubavitch Day schools in Johannesburg (the
3663:
2814:. The first records of Jews living in the colony were a baptism record of two Jewish settlers living in the
2755:
2667:
2455:
2445:
2410:
2289:
2279:
2062:
1233:
1175:
1009:
688:
645:
360:
4425:
Official Year Book of the Union of South Africa and of Basutoland, Bechuanaland Protectorate, and Swaziland
4053:"Immigration and absorption - The Council of Immigrant Associations in Israel - מועצת ארגוני העולים בישראל"
3133:
recorded a total of 17,684 Yiddish speakers in the Union of South Africa with 11,528 of them living in the
6381:
6344:
6221:
6211:
5684:
5619:
5323:
4231:
4124:
4083:
3641:
3155:
3035:
2930:
2714:
2574:
2309:
2223:
1289:
841:
460:
430:
3345:, as the lone Progressive Party member in South Africa's parliament, representing the voting district of
836:
7095:
7027:
6430:
6318:
6270:
6265:
6255:
5786:
4336:. The South African Military History Society (Military History Journal – Vol 10 No 2). 21 November 2006.
3122:
2954:
2465:
2460:
2405:
2193:
1108:
823:
718:
435:
225:
152:
5610:
3747:
In parallel to the establishment of Yeshiva College, and drawing on the same momentum, several smaller
5048:"Lemba origins revisited: Tracing the ancestry of Y chromosomes in South African and Zimbabwean Lemba"
6987:
6326:
6275:
6245:
6201:
6160:
5963:
5877:
5615:
4220:
4191:
4118:
3901:
3894:
is currently involved in efforts to establish a Rabbinic Academy and Higher Education Institution in
3828:
movement, with other yeshivas established also. This was supported by the Israel-based organisations
3718:
3700:
3579:
analyses have established a paternal Middle-Eastern origin for the majority of the Lemba population.
3377:
took the strongest stand of any of the Jewish movements in the country against apartheid. It opposed
3134:
3067:
2834:
2655:
2536:
2488:
2228:
2086:
899:
764:
753:
711:
5365:
4955:
6900:
6148:
5648:
5517:. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press; in association with the South African Jewish Board of Deputies.
4689:
4652:
3953:
3915:
3591:
3568:
3433:
3103:
2827:
2767:
2710:
2589:
962:
829:
732:
725:
655:
543:
418:
5456:
5298:
5182:
4373:
4149:
3709:
3382:
3337:
3031:
3013:
2981:
2440:
2390:
2337:
2332:
2246:
2116:
1384:
1213:
972:
892:
746:
312:
5644:
3118:
7042:
5862:
5628:
5579:
5560:
5537:
5518:
5496:
5477:
5448:
5029:
4961:
4697:
4660:
4633:
4602:
4545:
4539:
4303:
3681:
3633:
3329:
3107:
3049:
2807:
2799:
2783:
2686:
2678:
2584:
2526:
2506:
2323:
1883:
1522:
982:
853:
783:
660:
573:
440:
3733:
7032:
5440:
5019:
4936:
4577:
4300:
Jewish Migration to South Africa: The Records of the Poor Jews' Temporary Shelter, 1885-1914
4216:
4036:
3853:
3821:
3787:
3768:
3449:
3429:
3257:
3138:
3095:
3023:
2803:
2682:
2659:
2554:
2435:
2395:
2359:
2057:
1607:
1118:
874:
778:
693:
583:
375:
262:
233:
2917:), for both of which bills Saul Solomon, the member for Cape Town, had fought for decades.
4846:
4507:
4474:
3905:
3845:
3841:
3791:
3756:
3692:
3614:
3459:
3159:
3005:
2970:
2914:
2775:
2702:
2516:
2475:
2470:
2450:
2372:
2366:
2299:
2251:
2091:
2072:
1223:
952:
864:
847:
391:
296:
284:
237:
6128:
5047:
3062:
are known to have been killed in action, while 80 were captured by the British. Captured
4398:
3185:
After the war, the situation began to improve, and a large number of South African Jews
338:
7068:
6293:
6232:
6216:
6012:
5553:
5024:
4446:
3966:
3939:
3887:
3860:
3817:
3772:
3741:
3659:
3557:
3285:
3170:
3071:
2989:
2980:
However, a small number of Jews also settled among and identified with the rural white
2853:, was founded in Cape Town in September 1841. The first service was held on the eve of
2726:
2616:
2415:
2284:
2270:
2150:
2129:
2106:
2101:
2079:
2067:
1662:
1143:
1077:
1042:
1020:
957:
795:
773:
635:
614:
590:
356:
280:
267:
5680:
4399:"SASIG - Southern Africa Jewish Genealogy: Morris Alexander Immigration Notebook 1911"
3863:
boys' schools in Johannesburg, each associated with one of the yeshivot, as well as a
2877:. From 1849 to 1886 they were the largest shipowners in Cape Town, and leaders of the
2705:
in 1976 and racial tensions led to an increase in Jewish emigration. Since the end of
7225:
6411:
6308:
6303:
6039:
6026:
6020:
6005:
5897:
5460:
4629:
3976:
3541:
3421:
3378:
3350:
3328:). The prime example of the more moderate approach is that of the highly assimilated
3253:
3018:
2966:
2823:
2779:
2718:
2564:
2559:
1765:
1692:
1218:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1047:
1025:
977:
739:
578:
483:
445:
396:
162:
17:
2845:
Jews did not arrive in significant numbers at Cape Town before the 1820s. The first
7063:
6371:
6091:
5991:
5971:
5950:
5943:
5922:
5902:
5887:
5882:
5872:
5867:
5857:
5849:
5510:
3833:
3825:
3810:
3606:
3525:
3521:
3503:
3342:
3249:
South African Jews were reputedly the most financially supportive Zionists abroad.
3151:
3114:
3075:
3054:
3039:
3009:
2962:
2946:
2934:
2922:
2918:
2858:
2850:
2815:
2594:
2420:
2261:
2256:
2214:
2167:
1261:
1128:
1113:
1072:
1037:
650:
492:
292:
142:
112:
72:
62:
4581:
3428:, and, although shrinking due to emigration, it remains one of the most nominally
2929:
Liberal Party, has been called the "Cape Disraeli." He was invited into the first
5691:
The Jewish community in the post-apartheid era: same narrative, different meaning
5670:
Without the Jewish people, the country would have taken many more years to evolve
5401:
4851:
4348:
6422:
6298:
6143:
5999:
5984:
5977:
5937:
5915:
5801:
5653:
4565:
4541:
Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture, Volume 1
3971:
3876:
3864:
3764:
3445:
3396:
3358:
3260:
3241:
3083:
2926:
2874:
2866:
2771:
2734:
2690:
2579:
2521:
2186:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1052:
5444:
5168:
3677:, was established in the mid-1950s, drawing primarily on the popularity of the
2770:. Jewish cartographers in Portugal, many of whom were member of the Portuguese
6186:
6173:
6123:
6115:
5607:, the central representative institution of the South African Jewish community
4891:
4819:
4788:
3929:
3849:
3775:
educational model, although accommodates students from across the spectrum of
3678:
3561:
3545:
3533:
3455:
3289:
3163:
2949:. Though freedom of worship was granted to all residents in 1870, the revised
2898:
2890:
2854:
2237:
1251:
1180:
1138:
967:
947:
506:
413:
333:
288:
5452:
4701:
4664:
3613:. (Note that although the majority of South Africa's Jews are descendants of
6285:
4333:
3836:, which established active branches in South Africa in the 1980s and 1990s (
3637:
3632:
was established as the first full-time dual-curriculum (secular and Jewish)
3587:
3491:
3437:
3413:
3388:
3354:
3321:
3229:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3147:
2846:
2819:
2811:
2730:
2706:
2400:
2385:
1475:
1423:
1185:
1133:
1123:
804:
800:
790:
705:
465:
229:
206:
102:
82:
6841:
4918:""The consumer is the ultimate winner," MK Kosher says as it expands in SA"
2658:
Jews, whether by culture, ethnicity, or religion, form the twelfth largest
1153:
5033:
4467:
3098:
would be a notable community figure. In 1906 he gets law passed which had
6138:
6111:
5892:
4726:
4298:
Aubrey Newman, Nicholas J. Evans, J. Graham Smith & Saul W. Issroff,
3776:
3704:
3645:
3552:
heritage. Within South Africa, they are particularly concentrated in the
3537:
3463:
3333:
2878:
2685:, though a permanent presence was not established until the beginning of
2569:
2179:
2111:
942:
450:
401:
300:
122:
4762:
4084:"South African Jews in Australia Recall Life in the Shadow of Apartheid"
4047:
4045:
2992:). A measure of intermarriage also occurred and was generally accepted.
5908:
5638:
4060:
3895:
3799:
3748:
3622:
3610:
3553:
3099:
3079:
2977:("foreigners") and excluded from the mainstream of South African life.
2942:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2758:
were explorers, cartographers and astronomers who were employed by the
2545:
2511:
2380:
2174:
1163:
1158:
1030:
921:
816:
812:
808:
557:
552:
529:
511:
386:
381:
371:
349:
324:
132:
3908:
presence in South Africa is limited to one synagogue in Johannesburg.
5929:
5659:
4039:
South African Jewish Board of Deputies. Retrieved on 18 December 2023
3919:
3911:
3759:, is the best known of these, having trained dozens of South African
3696:
3691:
Other educational institutions sharing this same Religious Zionist /
3649:
3618:
3602:
3601:
Traditionally, Jewish education in South Africa was conducted by the
3529:
3479:
3470:
3425:
3417:
3409:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3167:
2906:
2870:
2722:
2663:
2205:
2200:
2160:
2145:
1256:
1148:
568:
534:
520:
455:
188:
92:
4989:
Journey to the Vanished City: the Search for a Lost Tribe of Israel,
4957:
Journey to the Vanished City: The Search for a Lost Tribe of Israel
3424:. The Jewish community in South Africa is currently the largest in
3141:, motivated by a sharp increase the previous year in the number of
2677:
The history of the Jews in South Africa began during the period of
6179:
5755:
3760:
3576:
3549:
2837:
in 1805, they issued a confirmation of this policy the next year.
1168:
597:
501:
470:
133:
Gauteng Province (other than Johannesburg, Pretoria and East Rand)
5750:
5745:
4892:"Statistics South Africa census and survey datasets and metadata"
4008:. Cape Town: Kaplan Centre, UCT. 2019. p. 23. Archived from
3654:
2699:
diplomatic and military relations between Israel and South Africa
3572:
2862:
320:
6845:
6426:
5805:
5781:
3848:
played a major role in the Haredi community at that time, with
3727:
3016:. Nearly 2,800 Jews fought in the war on the British side, and
5713:
5493:
Nations Divided: American Jews and the Struggle over Apartheid
5331:
4427:. Vol. 20. Pretoria: Union of South Africa. p. 1047.
3440:. The nation's Progressive communities are represented by the
5760:
5666:
How the guard has changed since Rhodes stormed the SA economy
5604:
5576:
Community and Conscience: The Jews and Apartheid South Africa
2873:
industry. Aaron and Daniel de Pass were the first to open up
7125:
5730:
5209:"SA-SIG - Southern Africa Jewish Genealogy: Youth Movements"
4334:"Three South African "Boerejode' and the South African War"
3840:
had an active presence then also). Notable figures such as
5735:
5708:
4865:
3852:
being an especially popular speaker. Yad Shaul was led by
2937:, and declined the premiership itself several times. Like
5555:
Jews and Zionism: The South African Experience 1910-1967
5515:
The Jews of South Africa: An Illustrated History to 1953
3621:
scholarship, the community did not establish schools or
3320:
and its successors during the decades of National Party
4690:"Brothers in arms - Israel's secret pact with Pretoria"
4653:"Brothers in arms - Israel's secret pact with Pretoria"
4634:"Brothers in arms – Israel's secret pact with Pretoria"
5352:
4176:
Racial Unrest Spurs White Emigration From South Africa
3432:
communities in the world, although there is a smaller
3042:
along with other residents of the republics (known as
2830:
to all inhabitants and prospective migrants; when the
5656:, Saks, D.Y. (2005), Southern Africa Jewish Genealogy
3920:
Limmud § Relationships with Orthodoxy in Britain
5474:
Founders and Followers: Johannesburg Jewry 1887-1915
4302:(Cape Town: Jewish Publications-South Africa, 2006)
3349:, home to many wealthy Jewish families at the time.
3274:
Internal resistance to apartheid § Jewish resistance
3094:
During this era the South African Jewish politician
2984:-speaking population; these persons became known as
2925:
25 May 1817; d. 16 October 1892), the leader of the
2806:. Among the settlers in the colony were a number of
2184:
2165:
588:
7137:
7051:
6886:
6879:
6766:
6741:
6460:
6364:
6317:
6284:
6159:
6110:
6090:
6038:
5962:
5848:
5839:
3224:, was Foreign Minister of Israel from 1966 to 1974.
2869:from Asia, in 1856 they became the founders of the
274:
256:
215:
197:
179:
171:
161:
151:
141:
131:
121:
111:
101:
91:
81:
71:
53:
48:
37:
5578:. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England.
5552:
5373:South African Union of Progressive Judaism (SAUPJ)
3786:This era also saw the start of a large network of
2826:. In 1803, the Dutch colonial authorities granted
5394:"Shalom Independent Congregation - Masorti Olami"
4500:"Jews from Rhodes in Central and Southern Africa"
3373:as a whole condemned apartheid (Adler 2000). The
2889:industries. Jews were among the first to take to
143:Eastern Cape Province (other than Port Elizabeth)
5534:The Jews in South Africa: An Illustrated History
4960:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 40.
4812:"The Jews of Africa -- The Jews of South Africa"
4785:"The Jews of Africa -- the Jews of South Africa"
2861:), and James Mosenthal, who established a major
2802:at the Cape of Good Hope under the direction of
5681:The Jewish Community of Johannesburg, 1886-1939
5634:Lithuanian Jews make big impact in South Africa
4468:The Rise of the South African Reich – Chapter 4
3871:operates a full-time Yeshiva in Johannesburg ("
3809:school) and Cape Town. Johannesburg boasts ten
2945:. At the same time, the Jews faced substantial
2674:estimates that the figure is closer to 75,000.
39:
3790:activities and institutions. There is today a
6857:
6438:
5817:
5693:, Herman, Chaya. University of Pretoria, 2007
5230:"List of Approved Yeshivot, As of June, 2007"
4192:"World Jewish Population - Latest Statistics"
3670:, have been established in the main centres.
3628:An important change took place in 1947, when
2636:
8:
5161:"The South African Jewish Board of Deputies"
5104:"King David School Victory Park (Secondary)"
4725:. Legendary Heroes of Africa. Archived from
4120:South African Jewish History and Information
4117:Rebecca Weiner, Rebecca Weiner, ed. (2010),
3267:South African Jewish opposition to apartheid
2709:, Jews have continued to emigrate mostly to
113:Western Cape Province (other than Cape Town)
32:
6931:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
5797:South African Union for Progressive Judaism
5616:Jewish Virtual History Tour of South Africa
5532:Shain, Milton; Mendelsohn, Richard (2008).
4486:The Columbia Gazetteer of the World: P to Z
3914:was introduced to the country in 2007. The
3442:South African Union for Progressive Judaism
3375:South African Union for Progressive Judaism
880:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
6883:
6864:
6850:
6842:
6445:
6431:
6423:
5845:
5824:
5810:
5802:
5697:Southern African Jewish Rootsbank Database
5660:Zimbabwe Jewish Community history web site
5078:"King David School Linksfield (Secondary)"
4741:"South Africa Virtual Jewish History Tour"
4256:"South Africa Virtual Jewish History Tour"
4032:
4030:
3737:, both schools integrating Torah studies.
3197:, first in the 1900s and then after 1960.
3008:(1899–1902), and Jewish soldiers, such as
2670:estimates 52,300 Jews in the country. The
2643:
2629:
2493:
2134:
1207:
1014:
619:
488:
307:
163:KwaZulu-Natal Province (other than Durban)
31:
5023:
4145:"P.W. Botha felt Israel had betrayed him"
4112:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4104:
3798:) serving the Chabad community, a Chabad
3796:Lubavitch Yeshiva Gedolah of Johannesburg
2786:to India in 1488 and 1497, respectively.
5778:Chabad-Lubavitch Centers in South Africa
5536:. Jeppestown: Jonathan Ball Publishers.
3751:were opened, starting in the 1960s. The
3586:
3454:
3212:
2996:was also occasionally called "Jewburg".
2973:(1899–1902), Jews were often considered
3992:
3668:South African Board of Jewish Education
2666:. As of 2020, the Kaplan Centre at the
2544:
2496:
2322:
2269:
2236:
2213:
2137:
2003:
1891:
1865:
1700:
1494:
1269:
1241:
1100:
934:
863:
763:
678:
622:
542:
519:
491:
319:
5709:South African Union of Jewish Students
5605:South African Jewish Board of Deputies
5559:. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
5183:Rabbi Tanzer leaves magnificent legacy
4759:"South African Jews Against Apartheid"
4488:- Page 3471, Saul Bernard Cohen - 2008
2911:Supreme Court of the Cape of Good Hope
2672:South African Jewish Board of Deputies
5792:Machon L'Hora'ah The Pretoria Yeshiva
4683:
4681:
4250:
4248:
3879:established in 1990, and its kollel (
3816:The 1970s saw the establishment of a
3652:(both subsequently renamed), and the
3004:Jews fought on both sides during the
2662:in the world, and the largest on the
7:
7008:Reformed Evangelical Anglican Church
4991:New York: Random House (2nd edition)
4916:Feinberg, Talia (11 November 2021).
3982:South African Jewish Maritime League
3673:The first religious day school, the
49:Regions with significant populations
5495:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 191.
5129:Shapiro, Lauren (18 January 2012).
4937:"New hechsher stirs the kosher pot"
3824:, as well as the growth of a large
3478:. In 2008, a Jewish radio station,
3030:(Boer Jews). Jews who lived in the
5429:"South African Jews and Apartheid"
5330:. 11 December 2014. Archived from
5131:"Umhlanga Jewish day school opens"
5106:. 14 November 2018. Archived from
5080:. 14 November 2018. Archived from
4688:McGreal, Chris (7 February 2006).
4651:McGreal, Chris (7 February 2006).
4528:(Encyclopedia of Diasporas, Vol 2)
4321:The Jews in the Twentieth Century,
4082:Goldberg, Dan (10 December 2013).
3399:from (2007-2015) are both Jewish.
3391:who was the Federal Leader of the
2941:, too, he early left the ranks of
2737:, as well as a significant number
25:
5476:. Cape Town: Vlaeerg Publishers.
5472:(1991). Robertson, Marian (ed.).
5364:SOLOMON, MONICA (November 2019).
5196:A tribute to Rabbi Avraham Tanzer
5000:Parfitt(2002), "The Lemba", p. 39
4935:Miltz, Nicola (27 January 2022).
4323:(New York: Schocken Books, 2001).
4153:. 2 November 2006. Archived from
3781:Orthodox yeshivas in South Africa
3038:and held citizenship rights were
2865:industry. By bringing in thirty
671:Historical population comparisons
7206:
7205:
7170:Witchcraft Suppression Act, 1957
6753:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
6523:Democratic Republic of the Congo
5756:Phyllis Jowell Jewish Day School
5439:(4). Informa UK Limited: 23–36.
5297:. 9 October 2009. Archived from
4595:Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin (1988).
4374:"Olive Schreiner Letters Online"
4353:Southern Africa Jewish Genealogy
4274:"African Journals Online (AJOL)"
4002:The Jews of South Africa in 2019
3946:
3932:
3753:Yeshivah Gedolah of Johannesburg
3728:Phyllis Jowell Jewish Day School
3583:Jewish education in South Africa
3272:This section is an excerpt from
3246:South African Zionist Federation
3173:were openly antisemitic. In the
2953:of 1894 still debarred Jews and
2687:Dutch colonisation in the region
1315:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1229:Historical population by country
199:
181:
55:
6963:Evangelical Presbyterian Church
5741:Yeshiva College of South Africa
4954:Parfitt, Tudor (4 April 2000).
3755:, established in 1973 by Rabbi
3725:kollel. Cape Town also has the
3675:Yeshiva College of South Africa
3022:reported that 125 of them were
2893:and played a role in the early
2835:invaded and occupied the colony
2766:to discover a sea route to the
2754:The first Jews involved in the
248:Other Languages of South Africa
6454:History of the Jews in Africa
5513:(2001). Musiker, Naomi (ed.).
3556:province (historically around
1:
6993:Presbyterian Church of Africa
5833:Ethnic groups in South Africa
5726:Full listing: jewishweb.co.za
5425:Adler, Franklin Hugh (2000) (
5288:"South African Jewish Report"
5264:. 21 May 2008. Archived from
5052:South African Medical Journal
4842:"South African Jewish Report"
4576:(17): 596. 9 September 1933.
4570:South African Medical Journal
4347:Saks, D.Y. (9 January 2005).
4223:; Sheskin, Ira, eds. (2021).
3202:South African Medical Journal
2762:. These men were employed in
886:Christianity and Judaism
7232:Jewish South African history
7013:United Congregational Church
4745:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
4439:"Cape Town Holocaust Centre"
4260:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
3962:Antisemitism in South Africa
3158:, and organisations such as
93:Durban/Umhlangla - eThekwini
7018:Uniting Presbyterian Church
6958:Evangelical Lutheran Church
6896:Afrikaans Protestant Church
4941:South African Jewish Report
4922:South African Jewish Report
4566:"Jewish doctors in Germany"
3972:Chief Rabbi of South Africa
3476:South African Jewish Report
2185:
2166:
1893:Latin America and Caribbean
589:
7248:
7059:African Traditional Belief
7043:The Church of Almighty God
5491:Feld, Marjorie N. (2013).
5445:10.1080/003132200128810973
4987:Parfitt, Tudor (1993/2000)
4059:(in Latin). Archived from
3869:Ohr Somayach, South Africa
3771:. The Yeshiva follows the
3501:
3326:Liberalism in South Africa
3271:
2498:Jewish political movements
2195:Conversion to Judaism
123:Pretoria – City of Tshwane
7203:
7123:
7038:People's Church of Africa
7003:Reformed Church in Africa
6926:Christian Reformed Church
5787:Ohr Somayach South Africa
4544:. ABC-CLIO. p. 493.
3436:community, especially in
3304:Moderation and liberalism
3052:phase of the conflict as
901:Hinduism and Judaism
279:
261:
220:
67:estimated 52,300 - 75,000
6873:Religion in South Africa
6508:Central African Republic
5714:Jewish Agency for Israel
5574:Shimoni, Gideon (2003).
5551:Shimoni, Gideon (1980).
5194:Ilan Preskovsky (2020).
3873:Yeshivas Meshech Chochma
3859:There are today several
3717:, Johannesburg, and the
3644:) with Carmel School in
3596:Beth din of Johannesburg
3175:South African Parliament
3123:South African government
2796:Dutch East India Company
727:Temple in Jerusalem
420:Bar and bat mitzvah
7023:Uniting Reformed Church
6983:Nazareth Baptist Church
6911:Apostolic Faith Mission
4473:3 November 2007 at the
4423:Malherbe, E.G. (1939).
4225:World Jewish Population
3686:the national curriculum
3444:. The current Orthodox
3036:South African Republics
2756:history of South Africa
2689:. During the period of
2668:University of Cape Town
689:Twelve Tribes of Israel
172:Other (In South Africa)
7131:
6973:Free Reformed Churches
5767:Religious institutions
5685:University of Pretoria
5620:Jewish Virtual Library
5181:Shaun Zagnoev (2020).
4598:The Israeli Connection
4582:10520/AJA20785135_6777
4378:www.oliveschreiner.org
4232:Berman Jewish DataBank
4125:Jewish Virtual Library
3642:United Herzlia Schools
3625:for several decades.)
3598:
3466:
3225:
3156:anti-British sentiment
2931:Responsible government
2782:who sailed around the
2750:Portuguese exploration
2715:English-speaking world
103:East Rand – Ekurhuleni
40:
7155:CRL Rights Commission
7129:
7028:Zion Christian Church
6936:Dutch Reformed Church
6668:São Tomé and Príncipe
6528:Republic of the Congo
5433:Patterns of Prejudice
4538:Saul Issroff (2009).
4221:Della-Pergola, Sergio
3803:programme in Pretoria
3695:ideology include the
3590:
3458:
3216:
3090:Union of South Africa
3068:prisoner-of-war camps
2849:in South Africa, the
2774:, assisted explorers
2691:British colonial rule
1435:São Tomé and Príncipe
1430:Republic of the Congo
824:Second Temple Judaism
695:Kingdom of Judah
666:Modern historiography
275:Related ethnic groups
226:South African English
18:Jewish South Africans
7130:Flag of South Africa
6988:New Apostolic Church
5782:Chabad, Johannesburg
5761:Cape Town Torah High
5751:Theodor Herzl School
5746:Torah Academy School
5625:Jews in South Africa
5427:Adler, F.H. (2000).
5295:sajewishreport.co.za
5171:on 12 February 2007.
4196:simpletoremember.com
3888:Progressive Movement
3734:Cape Town Torah High
3719:Yeshiva of Cape Town
3655:Theodor Herzl School
3611:Rabbinical education
2841:British colonial era
2798:(VOC) established a
2764:attempts by Portugal
2739:emigrating to Israel
2537:World Agudath Israel
1678:United Arab Emirates
765:Second Temple period
755:Babylonian captivity
228:(vast majority) and
73:City of Johannesburg
41:Suid-Afrikaanse Jode
7175:Traditional healers
7145:Freedom of religion
6901:Afrikaner Calvinism
6743:States with limited
5683:. Rubin, Margot W.
5649:Jewish Encyclopedia
5611:Jewish South Africa
5404:on 23 December 2010
5366:"SAUPJ-WUPJ-REPORT"
5334:on 11 December 2014
5141:on 2 September 2013
5110:on 14 November 2018
5084:on 14 November 2018
5046:Soodyal, H (2013).
4632:(7 February 2006).
4449:on 13 November 2007
4280:on 2 September 2020
3954:South Africa portal
3916:Limmud South Africa
3856:for over 40 years.
3524:which is native to
3393:Democratic Alliance
3357:and his successor,
2808:non-practising Jews
2800:colonial settlement
2768:Indian subcontinent
2711:developed countries
2681:exploration in the
830:Hellenistic Judaism
408:Land of Israel
367:Principles of faith
153:Free State Province
34:
7165:Marriage Act, 1961
7160:Equality Act, 2000
7132:
5773:List of Synagogues
5731:King David Schools
5654:"Jews on Commando"
5258:"Machon L'Hora'ah"
5198:, jewishlife.co.za
5165:shemayisrael.co.il
5012:Am. J. Hum. Genet.
4801:The Jews of Africa
4601:. Pantheon Books.
4349:"Jews on Commando"
4150:The Jerusalem Post
4015:on 9 December 2021
3599:
3467:
3383:Moses Cyrus Weiler
3226:
3102:reclassified as a
3014:siege of Ladysmith
2790:Dutch colonial era
2391:Jewish Koine Greek
1933:Dominican Republic
1214:Judaism by country
893:Jews and Christmas
748:Assyrian captivity
33:South African Jews
7219:
7218:
7121:
7120:
6839:
6838:
6770:other territories
6543:Equatorial Guinea
6420:
6419:
6106:
6105:
5585:978-1-58465-329-5
5566:978-0-19-570179-1
5543:978-1-86842-281-4
5524:978-0-620-27097-7
5502:978-1-137-02972-0
5483:978-0-947461-09-6
5304:on 7 October 2011
4967:978-0-375-72454-1
4872:. 4 December 2020
4854:on 31 March 2010.
4498:Hirschon, Renee.
4443:ctholocaust.co.za
4403:www.jewishgen.org
4308:978-0-7992-2315-6
4217:Dashefsky, Arnold
4037:SA Jewish history
3794:in Johannesburg (
3792:Lubavitch Yeshiva
3682:Religious Zionist
3634:Jewish day school
3630:King David School
3330:Harry Oppenheimer
3318:Progressive Party
3177:, the opposition
3150:sympathised with
3104:European language
3070:in South Africa,
2828:religious freedom
2784:Cape of Good Hope
2664:African continent
2653:
2652:
2602:
2601:
2350:
2349:
2097:Reconstructionist
2041:
2040:
1193:
1192:
1000:
999:
837:Jewish–Roman wars
785:Hasmonean dynasty
701:Kingdom of Israel
605:
604:
306:
305:
83:City of Cape Town
16:(Redirected from
7239:
7209:
7208:
7033:Zionist Churches
6978:Methodist Church
6884:
6866:
6859:
6852:
6843:
6831:
6830:(United Kingdom)
6826:Tristan da Cunha
6822:Ascension Island
6814:
6801:
6792:
6768:Dependencies and
6461:Sovereign states
6447:
6440:
6433:
6424:
6352:
6347:
6235:
6196:
6189:
6182:
6029:
6015:
6008:
5994:
5987:
5980:
5972:Basotho/S. Sotho
5953:
5946:
5932:
5925:
5918:
5911:
5846:
5826:
5819:
5812:
5803:
5703:Jewish education
5675:The Sunday Times
5589:
5570:
5558:
5547:
5528:
5506:
5487:
5464:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5400:. Archived from
5398:masortiworld.org
5390:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5370:
5361:
5355:
5350:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5320:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5303:
5292:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5262:Machon L'Hora'ah
5254:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5243:
5234:
5226:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5205:
5199:
5192:
5186:
5179:
5173:
5172:
5167:. Archived from
5157:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5137:. Archived from
5126:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5027:
5007:
5001:
4998:
4992:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4850:. Archived from
4838:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4822:on 25 April 2005
4818:. Archived from
4808:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4791:on 25 April 2005
4787:. Archived from
4781:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4765:on 28 March 2013
4761:. Archived from
4755:
4749:
4748:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4729:on 5 March 2011.
4719:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4685:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4562:
4556:
4555:
4535:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4517:
4511:. Archived from
4504:
4495:
4489:
4483:
4477:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4445:. Archived from
4435:
4429:
4428:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4330:
4324:
4319:Martin Gilbert,
4317:
4311:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4276:. Archived from
4270:
4264:
4263:
4252:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4229:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4188:
4182:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4114:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4063:on 7 August 2018
4049:
4040:
4034:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4014:
4007:
3997:
3956:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3854:Boruch Grossnass
3788:Chabad-Lubavitch
3769:Warren Goldstein
3736:
3730:
3712:
3657:
3594:approved by the
3450:Warren Goldstein
3395:(2000-2007) and
3258:Attorney general
3121:, passed by the
3115:Second World War
3106:as opposed to a
3096:Morris Alexander
3024:killed in action
2933:, formed by Sir
2804:Jan van Riebeeck
2760:Portuguese Crown
2683:early modern era
2660:Jewish community
2645:
2638:
2631:
2494:
2375:
2196:
2190:
2171:
2135:
2082:
2029:New Zealand
1981:
1944:El Salvador
1934:
1866:Northern America
1858:
1452:
1208:
1119:Crimean Karaites
1015:
993:
991:
912:
910:
902:
896:
887:
875:Rabbinic Judaism
856:
850:
844:
832:
820:
786:
779:Maccabean Revolt
756:
749:
743:
735:
728:
722:
714:
696:
620:
594:
489:
421:
409:
308:
263:Orthodox Judaism
232:, of religious:
205:
203:
202:
187:
185:
184:
61:
59:
58:
43:
35:
21:
7247:
7246:
7242:
7241:
7240:
7238:
7237:
7236:
7222:
7221:
7220:
7215:
7199:
7190:Public holidays
7133:
7117:
7047:
6921:Catholic Church
6906:Anglican Church
6875:
6870:
6840:
6835:
6834:
6829:
6812:
6799:
6790:
6771:
6769:
6762:
6746:
6744:
6737:
6456:
6451:
6421:
6416:
6360:
6350:
6343:
6313:
6280:
6231:
6192:
6185:
6178:
6155:
6102:
6086:
6034:
6025:
6011:
6004:
5990:
5983:
5976:
5958:
5949:
5942:
5928:
5921:
5914:
5907:
5835:
5830:
5769:
5736:Herzlia Schools
5705:
5601:
5596:
5586:
5573:
5567:
5550:
5544:
5531:
5525:
5509:
5503:
5490:
5484:
5468:
5426:
5422:
5417:
5407:
5405:
5392:
5391:
5387:
5377:
5375:
5368:
5363:
5362:
5358:
5351:
5347:
5337:
5335:
5322:
5321:
5317:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5290:
5286:
5285:
5281:
5271:
5269:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5241:
5239:
5232:
5228:
5227:
5223:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5206:
5202:
5193:
5189:
5180:
5176:
5159:
5158:
5154:
5144:
5142:
5128:
5127:
5123:
5113:
5111:
5102:
5101:
5097:
5087:
5085:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5061:
5059:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5009:
5008:
5004:
4999:
4995:
4986:
4982:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4900:
4898:
4896:Nesstar WebView
4890:
4889:
4885:
4875:
4873:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4847:Wayback Machine
4840:
4839:
4835:
4825:
4823:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4794:
4792:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4768:
4766:
4757:
4756:
4752:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4706:
4704:
4687:
4686:
4679:
4669:
4667:
4650:
4649:
4645:
4628:
4627:
4623:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4564:
4563:
4559:
4552:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4521:
4519:
4518:on 4 March 2016
4515:
4508:Wayback Machine
4502:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4484:
4480:
4475:Wayback Machine
4466:
4462:
4452:
4450:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4407:
4405:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4382:
4380:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4357:
4355:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4318:
4314:
4297:
4293:
4283:
4281:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4254:
4253:
4246:
4236:
4234:
4227:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4200:
4198:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4179:Washington Post
4174:
4170:
4160:
4158:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4129:
4127:
4116:
4115:
4102:
4092:
4090:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4066:
4064:
4051:
4050:
4043:
4035:
4028:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3952:
3947:
3945:
3938:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3867:girls' school.
3846:Aharon Pfeuffer
3842:Moshe Sternbuch
3757:Azriel Goldfein
3732:
3726:
3708:
3693:Modern Orthodox
3653:
3615:Lithuanian Jews
3585:
3506:
3500:
3460:Ivan Glasenberg
3405:
3306:
3301:
3300:
3277:
3269:
3211:
3160:Louis Weichardt
3117:. In 1930, the
3092:
3006:Second Boer War
3002:
3000:Second Boer War
2915:Anglican Church
2891:ostrich-farming
2843:
2792:
2776:Bartolomeu Dias
2752:
2747:
2703:Soweto uprising
2649:
2604:
2603:
2491:
2481:
2480:
2471:Judeo-Malayalam
2451:Judaeo-Georgian
2371:
2362:
2352:
2351:
2252:Yiddish theatre
2194:
2132:
2122:
2121:
2080:
2053:
2043:
2042:
1979:
1932:
1856:
1450:
1234:Genetic studies
1205:
1195:
1194:
1012:
1002:
1001:
989:
988:
908:
907:
900:
890:
885:
867:and Middle Ages
865:Rabbinic period
852:
846:
839:
827:
798:
784:
754:
747:
738:
730:
726:
717:
712:in Judaism
709:
694:
617:
607:
606:
486:
476:
475:
419:
407:
352:
299:
297:Portuguese Jews
295:
291:
287:
285:Lithuanian Jews
283:
266:
252:
243:
224:
200:
198:
182:
180:
56:
54:
44:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7245:
7243:
7235:
7234:
7224:
7223:
7217:
7216:
7204:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7141:
7139:
7135:
7134:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7104:
7103:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7072:
7071:
7066:
7055:
7053:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6954:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6892:
6890:
6881:
6877:
6876:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6861:
6854:
6846:
6837:
6836:
6833:
6832:
6815:
6802:
6793:
6779:Canary Islands
6775:
6774:
6772:
6767:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6760:
6755:
6749:
6747:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6464:
6462:
6458:
6457:
6452:
6450:
6449:
6442:
6435:
6427:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6368:
6366:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6355:
6354:
6353:
6348:
6338:
6335:
6332:
6331:Telegu/Andhras
6329:
6323:
6321:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6294:Cape Coloureds
6290:
6288:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6233:Afrikaner-Jews
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6198:
6197:
6190:
6183:
6171:
6165:
6163:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6136:
6135:
6134:
6131:
6120:
6118:
6108:
6107:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6096:
6094:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6084:
6081:
6078:
6075:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6063:
6060:
6057:
6054:
6051:
6048:
6044:
6042:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6018:
6017:
6016:
6009:
5997:
5996:
5995:
5988:
5981:
5968:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5947:
5935:
5934:
5933:
5926:
5919:
5912:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5854:
5852:
5843:
5841:Bantu-speaking
5837:
5836:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5821:
5814:
5806:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5775:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5722:
5721:
5717:
5716:
5711:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5694:
5688:
5678:
5663:
5657:
5651:
5642:
5631:
5622:
5613:
5608:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5594:External links
5592:
5591:
5590:
5584:
5571:
5565:
5548:
5542:
5529:
5523:
5507:
5501:
5488:
5482:
5470:Kaplan, Mendel
5466:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5385:
5356:
5345:
5324:"Ma'ayan Bina"
5315:
5279:
5268:on 21 May 2008
5249:
5237:www.rabbis.org
5221:
5200:
5187:
5174:
5152:
5121:
5095:
5069:
5038:
5018:(5): 1126–33,
5002:
4993:
4980:
4966:
4946:
4927:
4908:
4883:
4857:
4833:
4816:mindspring.com
4803:
4776:
4750:
4732:
4714:
4677:
4643:
4621:
4607:
4587:
4557:
4550:
4530:
4490:
4478:
4460:
4430:
4415:
4390:
4365:
4339:
4325:
4312:
4291:
4265:
4244:
4208:
4183:
4168:
4157:on 6 July 2013
4136:
4100:
4074:
4041:
4026:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3967:Afrikaner-Jews
3964:
3958:
3957:
3943:
3940:Judaism portal
3927:
3924:
3875:") – with its
3742:Avraham Tanzer
3660:Port Elizabeth
3640:is "Herzlia" (
3617:who venerated
3584:
3581:
3502:Main article:
3499:
3496:
3404:
3401:
3338:Anglo American
3305:
3302:
3286:Torch Commando
3278:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3234:National Party
3210:
3207:
3179:National Party
3171:Ossewabrandwag
3166:" and the pro-
3131:census of 1936
3091:
3088:
3001:
2998:
2842:
2839:
2791:
2788:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2727:United Kingdom
2717:, such as the
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2549:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2532:Territorialism
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2501:
2500:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2416:Judaeo-Spanish
2413:
2411:Judaeo-Iranian
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2327:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2274:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2241:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2218:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2191:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2140:
2139:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2054:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2008:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1857:United Kingdom
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1290:Bilad-el-Sudan
1287:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1246:
1245:
1243:Land of Israel
1239:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1103:
1102:
1101:Related groups
1098:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
998:
997:
996:
995:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
958:Jewish atheism
955:
950:
945:
937:
936:
932:
931:
930:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:Islamic–Jewish
904:
897:
882:
877:
869:
868:
861:
860:
859:
858:
834:
821:
793:
788:
781:
776:
774:Yehud Medinata
768:
767:
761:
760:
759:
758:
751:
744:
736:
723:
715:
703:
698:
691:
683:
682:
680:Ancient Israel
676:
675:
674:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
636:Land of Israel
633:
625:
624:
618:
613:
612:
609:
608:
603:
602:
601:
600:
595:
591:Shulchan Aruch
586:
581:
576:
571:
563:
562:
561:
560:
555:
547:
546:
540:
539:
538:
537:
532:
524:
523:
517:
516:
515:
514:
509:
504:
496:
495:
487:
482:
481:
478:
477:
474:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
416:
411:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
369:
364:
357:God in Judaism
353:
348:
347:
344:
343:
342:
341:
336:
328:
327:
317:
316:
304:
303:
281:Afrikaner-Jews
277:
276:
272:
271:
268:Reform Judaism
259:
258:
254:
253:
251:
250:
244:
222:First language
218:
217:
213:
212:
209:
195:
194:
191:
177:
176:
173:
169:
168:
165:
159:
158:
155:
149:
148:
145:
139:
138:
135:
129:
128:
125:
119:
118:
115:
109:
108:
105:
99:
98:
95:
89:
88:
87:12,500 (23.9%)
85:
79:
78:
77:30,000 (57.5%)
75:
69:
68:
65:
51:
50:
46:
45:
38:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7244:
7233:
7230:
7229:
7227:
7214:
7213:
7202:
7196:
7195:Satanic panic
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7142:
7140:
7136:
7128:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7102:
7099:
7098:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7070:
7069:Zulu religion
7067:
7065:
7062:
7061:
7060:
7057:
7056:
7054:
7050:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6998:Protestantism
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6938:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6916:Baptist Union
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6885:
6882:
6878:
6874:
6867:
6862:
6860:
6855:
6853:
6848:
6847:
6844:
6827:
6823:
6819:
6816:
6810:
6806:
6803:
6797:
6794:
6788:
6784:
6780:
6777:
6776:
6773:
6765:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6740:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6583:Guinea-Bissau
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6459:
6455:
6448:
6443:
6441:
6436:
6434:
6429:
6428:
6425:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6363:
6356:
6349:
6346:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6316:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6287:
6283:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6234:
6230:
6229:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6195:
6191:
6188:
6184:
6181:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6162:
6158:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6140:
6137:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6117:
6113:
6109:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6093:
6089:
6082:
6079:
6076:
6073:
6070:
6067:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6052:
6049:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6041:
6037:
6028:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6019:
6014:
6010:
6007:
6003:
6002:
6001:
6000:Pedi/N. Sotho
5998:
5993:
5989:
5986:
5982:
5979:
5975:
5974:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5952:
5948:
5945:
5941:
5940:
5939:
5936:
5931:
5927:
5924:
5920:
5917:
5913:
5910:
5906:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5851:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5827:
5822:
5820:
5815:
5813:
5808:
5807:
5804:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5766:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5719:
5718:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5686:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5598:
5593:
5587:
5581:
5577:
5572:
5568:
5562:
5557:
5556:
5549:
5545:
5539:
5535:
5530:
5526:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5511:Saron, Gustav
5508:
5504:
5498:
5494:
5489:
5485:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5462:
5458:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5424:
5423:
5419:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5389:
5386:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5357:
5354:
5349:
5346:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5319:
5316:
5300:
5296:
5289:
5283:
5280:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5253:
5250:
5238:
5231:
5225:
5222:
5210:
5204:
5201:
5197:
5191:
5188:
5184:
5178:
5175:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5156:
5153:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5125:
5122:
5109:
5105:
5099:
5096:
5083:
5079:
5073:
5070:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5042:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5006:
5003:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4984:
4981:
4969:
4963:
4959:
4958:
4950:
4947:
4942:
4938:
4931:
4928:
4923:
4919:
4912:
4909:
4897:
4893:
4887:
4884:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4858:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4837:
4834:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4790:
4786:
4780:
4777:
4764:
4760:
4754:
4751:
4746:
4742:
4736:
4733:
4728:
4724:
4718:
4715:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4647:
4644:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4630:Chris McGreal
4625:
4622:
4610:
4608:9781850430698
4604:
4600:
4599:
4591:
4588:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4561:
4558:
4553:
4551:9781851098736
4547:
4543:
4542:
4534:
4531:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4501:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4464:
4461:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4434:
4431:
4426:
4419:
4416:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4366:
4354:
4350:
4343:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4295:
4292:
4279:
4275:
4269:
4266:
4261:
4257:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4233:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4209:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4184:
4181:. 14 May 1977
4180:
4177:
4172:
4169:
4156:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4137:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4089:
4085:
4078:
4075:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4011:
4004:
4003:
3996:
3993:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3977:Jewish Report
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3944:
3941:
3930:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3812:
3811:Chabad Houses
3808:
3807:Torah Academy
3804:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3745:
3743:
3738:
3735:
3729:
3724:
3723:Torah MiTzion
3720:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3702:
3701:Bet Mordechai
3698:
3694:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3662:(est. 1959).
3661:
3656:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3558:Sekhukuneland
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3422:United States
3419:
3415:
3411:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3379:disinvestment
3376:
3372:
3366:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3351:Harry Schwarz
3348:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3314:Liberal Party
3311:
3303:
3297:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3275:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3254:Rivonia trial
3250:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3209:Apartheid era
3208:
3206:
3203:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3154:due to their
3153:
3149:
3144:
3143:German Jewish
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3066:were held in
3065:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3055:bittereinders
3051:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3019:The Spectator
3015:
3011:
3007:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2820:Christmas Day
2817:
2813:
2810:who lived in
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2794:In 1652, the
2789:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2780:Vasco da Gama
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2749:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2719:United States
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2656:South African
2646:
2641:
2639:
2634:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2484:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2456:Judeo-Aramaic
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2446:Judeo-Italian
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2426:Ghardaïa Sign
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2051:Denominations
2047:
2046:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1879:United States
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1365:Guinea-Bissau
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1219:Lists of Jews
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1005:
994:
986:
984:
981:
979:
978:The Holocaust
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
939:
938:
933:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
905:
903:
898:
894:
888:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
872:
871:
870:
866:
862:
855:
849:
843:
838:
835:
831:
825:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
770:
769:
766:
762:
757:
752:
750:
745:
741:
737:
734:
729:
724:
720:
716:
713:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
692:
690:
687:
686:
685:
684:
681:
677:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
628:
627:
626:
621:
616:
611:
610:
599:
596:
593:
592:
587:
585:
582:
580:
579:Mishneh Torah
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
566:
565:
564:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
549:
548:
545:
541:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
526:
525:
522:
518:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
498:
497:
494:
490:
485:
480:
479:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
417:
415:
412:
410:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
377:
373:
370:
368:
365:
362:
358:
355:
354:
351:
346:
345:
340:
339:Who is a Jew?
337:
335:
332:
331:
330:
329:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
273:
269:
264:
260:
255:
249:
246:
245:
242:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
210:
208:
196:
192:
190:
178:
174:
170:
166:
164:
160:
156:
154:
150:
146:
144:
140:
136:
134:
130:
126:
124:
120:
116:
114:
110:
106:
104:
100:
96:
94:
90:
86:
84:
80:
76:
74:
70:
66:
64:
52:
47:
42:
36:
27:
19:
7210:
7107:
7076:Baháʼí Faith
7064:San religion
6888:Christianity
6818:Saint Helena
6789:
6693:South Africa
6692:
6683:Sierra Leone
6488:Burkina Faso
6226:
5964:Sotho-Tswana
5673:
5669:
5645:South Africa
5637:
5575:
5554:
5533:
5514:
5492:
5473:
5436:
5432:
5406:. Retrieved
5402:the original
5397:
5388:
5376:. Retrieved
5372:
5359:
5348:
5336:. Retrieved
5332:the original
5328:Ma'ayan Bina
5327:
5318:
5306:. Retrieved
5299:the original
5294:
5282:
5270:. Retrieved
5266:the original
5261:
5252:
5240:. Retrieved
5236:
5224:
5212:. Retrieved
5203:
5190:
5185:, sajr.co.za
5177:
5169:the original
5164:
5155:
5143:. Retrieved
5139:the original
5134:
5124:
5112:. Retrieved
5108:the original
5098:
5086:. Retrieved
5082:the original
5072:
5060:. Retrieved
5055:
5051:
5041:
5015:
5011:
5005:
4996:
4988:
4983:
4971:. Retrieved
4956:
4949:
4940:
4930:
4921:
4911:
4899:. Retrieved
4895:
4886:
4874:. Retrieved
4869:
4860:
4852:the original
4845:
4836:
4824:. Retrieved
4820:the original
4815:
4806:
4793:. Retrieved
4789:the original
4779:
4767:. Retrieved
4763:the original
4753:
4744:
4735:
4727:the original
4717:
4705:. Retrieved
4694:The Guardian
4693:
4668:. Retrieved
4657:The Guardian
4656:
4646:
4638:The Guardian
4637:
4624:
4612:. Retrieved
4597:
4590:
4573:
4569:
4560:
4540:
4533:
4520:. Retrieved
4513:the original
4506:
4493:
4485:
4481:
4463:
4451:. Retrieved
4447:the original
4442:
4433:
4424:
4418:
4406:. Retrieved
4402:
4393:
4381:. Retrieved
4377:
4368:
4358:27 September
4356:. Retrieved
4352:
4342:
4328:
4320:
4315:
4299:
4294:
4282:. Retrieved
4278:the original
4268:
4259:
4235:. Retrieved
4211:
4199:. Retrieved
4195:
4186:
4178:
4171:
4159:. Retrieved
4155:the original
4148:
4139:
4128:, retrieved
4119:
4091:. Retrieved
4087:
4077:
4065:. Retrieved
4061:the original
4056:
4017:. Retrieved
4010:the original
4001:
3995:
3910:
3902:Conservative
3900:
3892:Beit Emanuel
3885:
3858:
3834:Aish HaTorah
3830:Ohr Somayach
3826:baal teshuva
3815:
3785:
3763:, including
3746:
3739:
3690:
3672:
3627:
3607:Talmud Torah
3600:
3569:First Temple
3566:
3526:South Africa
3522:ethnic group
3517:
3513:
3509:
3507:
3504:Lemba people
3498:Lemba people
3488:
3484:
3475:
3468:
3406:
3387:
3367:
3363:
3343:Helen Suzman
3310:United Party
3307:
3294:
3283:
3279:
3251:
3227:
3199:
3184:
3152:Nazi Germany
3112:
3093:
3076:Saint Helena
3063:
3059:
3053:
3043:
3027:
3017:
3010:British Army
3003:
2994:
2985:
2979:
2974:
2958:
2950:
2947:antisemitism
2935:John Molteno
2919:Saul Solomon
2903:S. Mosenthal
2867:Angora goats
2859:Aliwal North
2851:Gardens Shul
2847:congregation
2844:
2816:Western Cape
2793:
2753:
2676:
2654:
2595:Post-Zionism
2466:Judeo-Berber
2461:Judeo-Arabic
2421:Judeo-Gascon
2168:Pidyon haben
2087:Conservative
1633:Saudi Arabia
1451:South Africa
1449:
1440:Sierra Leone
1262:Israeli Jews
1176:Mosaic Arabs
1129:Kaifeng Jews
990:Arab–Israeli
963:Emancipation
842:Great Revolt
651:Anti-Judaism
646:Antisemitism
641:Name "Judea"
436:Baal teshuva
293:British Jews
240:
221:
117:1,000 (2.0%)
107:3,400 (6.5%)
97:3,400 (6.5%)
63:South Africa
29:Ethnic group
26:
6968:Free Church
6745:recognition
6698:South Sudan
6588:Ivory Coast
6377:Zimbabweans
6299:Cape Malays
6276:Zimbabweans
6246:Mozambicans
6149:Strandloper
5916:Gqunukhwebe
5353:aish.org.za
5114:14 November
5088:14 November
4237:4 September
4088:haaretz.com
3881:Toras Chaim
3877:bet midrash
3865:Beis Yaakov
3779:. See also
3765:Chief Rabbi
3592:Kosher meal
3446:chief rabbi
3434:Progressive
3397:Helen Zille
3359:Helen Zille
3324:rule. (See
3312:, then the
3261:Percy Yutar
3242:state visit
3238:D. F. Malan
3232:-dominated
3137:. The 1937
3040:conscripted
2927:Cape Colony
2875:Namaqualand
2772:upper class
2735:New Zealand
2590:Revisionist
2580:Neo-Zionism
2187:Zeved habat
1980:Puerto Rico
1806:Netherlands
1638:South Korea
1623:Philippines
1503:Afghanistan
1370:Ivory Coast
1144:Crypto-Jews
1109:Bnei Anusim
1088:Bene Israel
1053:Beta Israel
1010:Communities
917:Middle Ages
656:Persecution
431:Bereavement
7091:Irreligion
6800:(Portugal)
6758:Somaliland
6678:Seychelles
6643:Mozambique
6628:Mauritania
6613:Madagascar
6568:The Gambia
6503:Cape Verde
6407:Pakistanis
6340:Gujaratis
6261:Portuguese
6251:Norwegians
6187:Cape Dutch
6174:Afrikaners
5863:Mpondomise
5420:References
5378:5 December
4707:13 January
4670:13 January
4230:(Report).
4161:2 November
4057:mio.org.il
3988:References
3850:Akiva Tatz
3679:Bnei Akiva
3575:. Genetic
3564:province.
3562:Mpumalanga
3560:) and the
3534:Mozambique
3290:Black Sash
3220:, born in
3164:Grayshirts
3148:Afrikaners
3139:Aliens Act
2975:uitlanders
2967:Protestant
2923:St. Helena
2855:Yom Kippur
2824:Protestant
2679:Portuguese
2575:Maximalism
2527:Secularism
2507:Autonomism
2324:Literature
2117:Humanistic
1721:Azerbaijan
1683:Uzbekistan
1658:Tajikistan
1578:Kyrgyzstan
1563:Kazakhstan
1410:Mozambique
1385:Madagascar
1305:Cape Verde
1257:New Yishuv
1252:Old Yishuv
1203:Population
1181:Subbotniks
1139:Samaritans
1078:Romanyotim
1021:Ashkenazim
968:Old Yishuv
948:Sabbateans
935:Modern era
927:Golden Age
854:Bar Kokhba
574:Beit Yosef
441:Philosophy
289:Dutch Jews
175:300 (0.9%)
167:400 (0.8%)
157:500 (1.0%)
147:700 (1.4%)
137:700 (1.3%)
127:900 (1.7%)
6880:Religions
6633:Mauritius
6392:Nigerians
6286:Coloureds
6194:Huguenots
6053:N'walungu
5461:145724288
5453:0031-322X
4702:0261-3077
4665:0261-3077
4130:13 August
3906:Masorti's
3822:Yad Shaul
3638:Cape Town
3546:Ethiopian
3540:of mixed
3492:MK Kosher
3462:, CEO of
3438:Cape Town
3414:Australia
3389:Tony Leon
3371:rabbinate
3355:Tony Leon
3322:apartheid
3230:Afrikaner
3228:When the
3222:Cape Town
3218:Abba Eban
3187:emigrated
3135:Transvaal
3127:Lithuania
3119:Quota Act
3050:guerrilla
3032:Transvaal
2990:Boer Jews
2986:Boerejode
2982:Afrikaans
2963:Christian
2959:Volksraad
2955:Catholics
2899:Xhosa War
2812:Cape Town
2731:Australia
2707:apartheid
2585:Religious
2441:Zarphatic
2431:Bukharian
2401:Judeo-Tat
2386:Yeshivish
2360:Languages
2315:Sephardic
2305:Israelite
2295:Ethiopian
2285:Ashkenazi
2224:Religious
2014:Australia
1996:Venezuela
1902:Argentina
1884:Greenland
1796:Lithuania
1648:Sri Lanka
1643:Singapore
1568:Kurdistan
1533:Indonesia
1523:Hong Kong
1476:Abayudaya
1400:Mauritius
1134:Igbo Jews
1124:Krymchaks
1043:Sephardim
911:relations
805:Sadducees
801:Pharisees
791:Sanhedrin
706:Jerusalem
466:Synagogue
334:Etymology
230:Afrikaans
216:Languages
207:Australia
7226:Category
7212:Category
7113:Paganism
7086:Hinduism
7081:Buddhism
6824: /
6820: /
6813:(France)
6807: /
6785: /
6781: /
6733:Zimbabwe
6708:Tanzania
6558:Ethiopia
6553:Eswatini
6533:Djibouti
6498:Cameroon
6483:Botswana
6397:Japanese
6241:Lebanese
6222:Italians
6202:Angolans
6139:Khoekhoe
6065:Hlanganu
6013:Mabelane
6006:Balobedu
5992:Batlokwa
5893:Ndwandwe
5629:Jay Sand
5408:8 August
5338:8 August
5308:8 August
5272:8 August
5242:1 August
5145:8 August
5135:MyShtetl
4901:8 August
4876:8 August
4866:"ChaiFM"
4826:8 August
4522:8 August
4471:Archived
4453:8 August
4093:8 August
4067:8 August
3926:See also
3820:kollel,
3777:Hashkafa
3773:"Telshe"
3749:yeshivot
3715:Mizrachi
3705:midrasha
3664:Umhlanga
3646:Pretoria
3623:yeshivot
3619:Talmudic
3538:Zimbabwe
3464:Glencore
3430:Orthodox
3420:and the
3347:Houghton
3334:De Beers
3288:and the
3064:Boerjode
3060:Boerjode
3045:burghers
3028:Boerjode
2971:Boer War
2951:Grondwet
2939:Disraeli
2612:Category
2570:Kahanism
2517:Feminism
2489:Politics
2373:Biblical
2343:American
2290:Bukharan
2280:American
2180:Shidduch
2156:Clothing
2112:Haymanot
2058:Orthodox
1986:Suriname
1969:Paraguay
1922:Colombia
1821:Portugal
1731:Bulgaria
1668:Thailand
1618:Pakistan
1598:Mongolia
1593:Malaysia
1513:Cambodia
1487:Zimbabwe
1462:Tanzania
1340:Eswatini
1330:Ethiopia
1320:Djibouti
1300:Cameroon
1295:Botswana
1224:Diaspora
1186:Noahides
1159:Marranos
1083:Cochinim
1068:Bukharim
1058:Gruzinim
1048:Teimanim
1038:Mizrahim
1026:Galician
992:conflict
953:Hasidism
943:Haskalah
848:Diaspora
719:timeline
631:Timeline
544:Rabbinic
451:Kabbalah
426:Marriage
402:Tzedakah
392:Holidays
350:Religion
313:a series
311:Part of
301:Israelis
257:Religion
241:Minority
7138:Related
7108:Judaism
6809:Réunion
6805:Mayotte
6796:Madeira
6791:(Spain)
6787:Melilla
6718:Tunisia
6688:Somalia
6673:Senegal
6658:Nigeria
6648:Namibia
6638:Morocco
6603:Liberia
6598:Lesotho
6548:Eritrea
6518:Comoros
6493:Burundi
6468:Algeria
6402:Koreans
6387:Somalis
6382:Chinese
6319:Indians
6309:Oorlams
6304:Griquas
6207:Germans
6169:British
6047:Hlengwe
5985:Bataung
5978:Bakoena
5951:Khumalo
5909:Gcaleka
5878:Ndebele
5720:Schools
5639:Reuters
5599:General
5214:5 April
5034:8900243
5025:1914832
4870:Chai FM
4769:26 June
4614:5 April
4284:5 April
4201:5 April
3896:Gauteng
3838:Arachim
3800:Semicha
3554:Limpopo
3520:are an
3108:Semitic
3100:Yiddish
3080:Bermuda
2943:Judaism
2895:diamond
2887:fishing
2883:whaling
2879:sealing
2832:British
2745:History
2713:in the
2695:Britain
2555:General
2546:Zionism
2522:Leftism
2512:Bundism
2436:Knaanic
2396:Yevanic
2381:Yiddish
2338:Yiddish
2333:Israeli
2310:Mizrahi
2300:Israeli
2271:Cuisine
2247:Ancient
2229:Secular
2175:Kashrut
2151:Wedding
2138:Customs
2130:Culture
2107:Science
2102:Renewal
2092:Karaite
2073:Hasidic
2005:Oceania
1991:Uruguay
1959:Jamaica
1939:Ecuador
1907:Bolivia
1851:Ukraine
1826:Romania
1801:Moldova
1781:Hungary
1771:Germany
1766:Georgia
1756:Finland
1751:Estonia
1746:Denmark
1741:Czechia
1726:Belarus
1716:Austria
1711:Armenia
1688:Vietnam
1603:Myanmar
1588:Lebanon
1508:Bahrain
1467:Tunisia
1445:Somalia
1420:Nigeria
1415:Namibia
1405:Morocco
1335:Eritrea
1280:Algeria
1164:Neofiti
1073:Italkim
1063:Juhurim
973:Zionism
922:Khazars
817:Sicarii
813:Zealots
809:Essenes
796:Schisms
661:Leaders
623:General
615:History
558:Tosefta
553:Midrash
530:Mishnah
512:Ketuvim
507:Nevi'im
456:Customs
387:Shabbat
382:Halakha
374: (
372:Mitzvot
359: (
325:Judaism
234:Yiddish
6828:
6811:
6798:
6728:Zambia
6723:Uganda
6663:Rwanda
6618:Malawi
6578:Guinea
6473:Angola
6365:Others
6357:Koknis
6351:Surtis
6345:Memons
6327:Tamils
6212:Greeks
6161:Whites
6083:Thonga
6080:Ndzawu
6074:Dzonga
6068:Nhlave
6062:Rhonga
6056:Gwamba
6040:Tsonga
6027:Balete
6021:Tswana
5930:Xesibe
5898:Thembu
5687:, 2006
5582:
5563:
5540:
5521:
5499:
5480:
5459:
5451:
5032:
5022:
4973:19 May
4964:
4795:6 July
4700:
4663:
4605:
4548:
4306:
3912:Limmud
3861:Haredi
3818:Haredi
3761:Rabbis
3740:Rabbi
3710:Emunah
3703:) and
3697:kollel
3650:Durban
3603:Cheder
3550:Yemeni
3530:Malawi
3518:Mwenye
3480:ChaiFM
3471:kosher
3426:Africa
3418:Canada
3410:Israel
3195:Rhodes
3191:Israel
3129:. The
3072:Ceylon
2907:Vienna
2885:, and
2871:mohair
2733:, and
2725:, the
2723:Canada
2617:Portal
2476:Domari
2406:Shassi
2367:Hebrew
2262:Humour
2206:Hiloni
2201:Aliyah
2161:Niddah
2146:Minyan
2081:Reform
2068:Haredi
2063:Modern
1964:Mexico
1949:Guyana
1912:Brazil
1874:Canada
1846:Sweden
1836:Serbia
1831:Russia
1816:Poland
1811:Norway
1791:Latvia
1776:Greece
1761:France
1736:Cyprus
1702:Europe
1673:Turkey
1663:Taiwan
1573:Kuwait
1558:Jordan
1548:Israel
1482:Zambia
1472:Uganda
1390:Malawi
1360:Guinea
1350:Gambia
1285:Angola
1271:Africa
1154:Dönmeh
1149:Anusim
1093:Berber
1031:Litvak
983:Israel
889:
826:
740:Second
708:
569:Targum
535:Gemara
521:Talmud
493:Tanakh
446:Ethics
397:Prayer
238:Hebrew
211:15,000
204:
193:20,000
189:Israel
186:
60:
7185:NICSA
7150:SAHRC
7096:Islam
7052:Other
6783:Ceuta
6703:Sudan
6653:Niger
6608:Libya
6593:Kenya
6573:Ghana
6563:Gabon
6538:Egypt
6478:Benin
6372:Lemba
6334:Hindi
6271:Turks
6266:Serbs
6256:Poles
6217:Irish
6180:Boers
6129:ǃKung
6099:Ngona
6092:Venda
6059:Tswha
5944:Fingo
5923:Gaika
5903:Xhosa
5888:Swazi
5883:Pondo
5873:Hlubi
5868:Fengu
5858:Bhaca
5850:Nguni
5457:S2CID
5369:(PDF)
5302:(PDF)
5291:(PDF)
5233:(PDF)
5062:9 May
4516:(PDF)
4503:(PDF)
4408:5 May
4383:5 May
4228:(PDF)
4019:2 May
4013:(PDF)
4006:(PDF)
3713:) of
3577:Y-DNA
3571:-era
3542:Bantu
3516:, or
3514:Remba
3510:Lemba
3403:Today
3084:India
3058:; 12
2565:Labor
2560:Green
2257:Dance
2215:Music
2034:Palau
1954:Haiti
1917:Chile
1841:Spain
1786:Italy
1693:Yemen
1653:Syria
1628:Qatar
1608:Nepal
1553:Japan
1528:India
1518:China
1457:Sudan
1380:Libya
1375:Kenya
1355:Ghana
1345:Gabon
1325:Egypt
1310:Benin
1169:Xueta
1114:Lemba
733:First
598:Zohar
502:Torah
484:Texts
471:Rabbi
461:Rites
361:names
270:(20%)
265:(80%)
7180:SACC
7101:Shia
6951:GKSA
6713:Togo
6623:Mali
6513:Chad
6412:Roma
6337:Urdu
6227:Jews
6144:Nama
6133:ǀXam
6114:and
6112:Khoi
6077:Copi
6071:Bila
6050:Xika
5938:Zulu
5580:ISBN
5561:ISBN
5538:ISBN
5519:ISBN
5497:ISBN
5478:ISBN
5449:ISSN
5410:2021
5380:2019
5340:2021
5310:2021
5274:2021
5244:2021
5216:2016
5147:2021
5116:2018
5090:2018
5064:2014
5058:(12)
5030:PMID
4975:2024
4962:ISBN
4903:2021
4878:2021
4828:2021
4797:2005
4771:2013
4709:2024
4698:ISSN
4672:2024
4661:ISSN
4616:2016
4603:ISBN
4546:ISBN
4524:2021
4455:2021
4410:2024
4385:2024
4360:2021
4304:ISBN
4286:2016
4239:2023
4203:2016
4163:2006
4132:2010
4095:2021
4069:2021
4021:2021
3886:The
3844:and
3832:and
3731:and
3721:, a
3648:and
3573:Jews
3548:and
3536:and
3508:The
3336:and
3168:Nazi
3162:'s "
3082:and
3034:and
2965:and
2921:(b.
2863:wool
2778:and
2024:Guam
2019:Fiji
1974:Peru
1927:Cuba
1613:Oman
1583:Laos
1543:Iraq
1538:Iran
1495:Asia
1424:Igbo
1395:Mali
414:Brit
323:and
321:Jews
6946:NHK
6941:NGK
6124:San
6116:San
5672:",
5668:, "
5441:doi
5056:103
5020:PMC
4578:hdl
3767:Dr
3658:in
3605:or
3189:to
2905:of
2818:on
2238:Art
584:Tur
376:613
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