2505:
3258:
6287:
54:
3182:
6301:
2856:
2771:, in which the Lithuanian academies were the heartland of opposition to Hasidism, "Lithuanian" came to have the connotation of Misnagdic (non-Hasidic) Judaism generally, and to be used for all Jews who follow the traditions of the great Lithuanian yeshivot, whether or not their ancestors actually came from Lithuania. In modern Israel,
2671:
Based on data by
Institute of Jewish Policy Research, as of 1 January 2016, the core Jewish population of Lithuania is estimated to be 2,700 (0.09% of the wider population), and the enlarged Jewish population was estimated at 6,500 (0.23% of the wider population). The Lithuanian Jewish population is
3238:
numbered around 160,000, or about 7% of the total population. At the beginning of the war, some 12,000 Jewish refugees fled into
Lithuania from Poland; by 1941 the Jewish population of Lithuania had increased to approximately 250,000, or 10% of the total population.
3128:, under which they formed a class of freemen subject in all criminal cases directly to the jurisdiction of the grand duke and his official representatives, and in petty suits to the jurisdiction of local officials on an equal footing with the lesser nobles (
3056:(outside the Hasidic camp) are successor bodies to the famous yeshivot of Lithuania, though their present-day members may or may not be descended from Lithuanian Jewry. In reality, both the ethnic make-up and the religious traditions of the
2883:" (opposers) of the Hasidi. The Lithuanian traditionalists believed Hassidim represented a threat to Halachic observance due to certain Kabbalistic beliefs held by the Hassidim, that, if misinterpreted, could lead one to heresy as per the
3958:
Durst, Ronen (May 2001), "Recent Origin and Spread of a Common
Lithuanian Mutation, G197del LDLR, Causing Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Positive Selection Is Not Always Necessary to Account for Disease Incidence among Ashkenazi Jews",
3761:
Glinert, Lewis, âAshkenazi
Pronunciation Tradition: Modernâ, in: Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics, Edited by: Geoffrey Khan. Consulted online on 24 January 2023. First published online: 2013 First print edition:
3292:, who thought of them as cold fish. They, in turn, disdained Galitzianers as irrational and uneducated. Ira Steingroot's "Yiddish Knowledge Cards" devote a card to this "Ashkenazi version of the
3304:
debate, Hasidism being considered the more emotional and spontaneous form of religious expression. The two groups differed not only in their attitudes and their pronunciation, but also in their
1163:
3160:
destroyed the existing
Lithuanian Jewish institutions. Still, the Jewish population of Lithuania grew from an estimated 120,000 in 1569 to approximately 250,000 in 1792. After the 1793
2668:
Vilna (Vilnius) was occupied by Nazi
Germany in June 1941. Within a matter of months, this famous Jewish community had been devastated with over two-thirds of its population killed.
3161:
1741:
1396:
1091:
1283:
3574:
2850:
2504:
2491:
3737:
255:
5791:
2945:
2860:
1278:
6181:
1526:
4403:
3401:
3674:"The Migration of Lithuanian Jews to the United States, 1880 â 1918, and the Decisions Involved in the Process, Exemplified by Five Individual Migration Stories"
2642:"), Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon Zalman (1720â1797), to give his rarely used full name, helped make Vilna (modern-day Vilnius) a world center for Talmudic learning.
4864:
4333:
4151:
The
Migration of Lithuanian Jews to the United States, 1880 â 1918, and the Decisions Involved in the Process, Exemplified by Five Individual Migration Stories
1780:
3752:
Joseph
Telushkin. Jewish Literacy: The Most Important Things to Know About the Jewish Religion, Its People and Its History. NY: William Morrow and Co., 1991.
3549:
3308:. The Galitzianers were known for rich, heavily sweetened dishes in contrast to the plainer, more savory Litvisher versions, with the boundary known as the
6141:
765:
728:
4659:
2937:
pressing for better integration into
European society, and today, many leading academics, scientists, and philosophers are of Lithuanian Jewish descent.
4007:; Bressman, Susan (1995). "Genetic analysis of idiopathic torsion dystonia in Ashkenazi Jews and their recent descent from a small founder population".
3833:
4540:
4353:
2973:
1704:
2649:
The inter-war
Republic of Lithuania was home to a large and influential Jewish community whose members either fled the country or were murdered when
4688:
4378:
3242:
During the German invasion of June 1941, 141,000 Jews were murdered by the Nazis and Lithuanian collaborators. Notable execution locations were the
2996:
1727:
6187:
1077:
6337:
5287:
4741:
4616:
4568:
4465:
4460:
4275:
2977:
2484:
1654:
1589:
1471:
5282:
4184:
4165:
4140:
4060:
775:
4573:
4425:
1213:
2741:, only to be revived around 1880 in the narrower meaning of "a Lithuanian Jew". The "Lithuania" meant here is the territory of the former
5302:
5297:
4721:
4578:
3854:
3584:
1481:
1298:
1288:
528:
2735:
term denoting "a man from Lithuania", which however went out of use before the 19th century, having been supplanted in this meaning by
6114:
4991:
4525:
4113:
3889:
1877:
1827:
1792:
1486:
1351:
1218:
3052:
Haredi individual or institution. Another reason for this broadening of the term is the fact that many of the leading Israeli Haredi
5142:
4996:
4495:
4455:
4435:
4415:
4318:
4096:
4082:
3221:
2831:("opponents") on the other hand is somewhat outdated, because the opposition between the two groups has lost much of its relevance.
2477:
1569:
1531:
1506:
1426:
1411:
1258:
1198:
1153:
3643:
5051:
4959:
4606:
4430:
3564:
3119:
1862:
1844:
1750:
1644:
1496:
1491:
1416:
1381:
1248:
31:
6216:
3618:
5410:
4611:
4558:
4510:
4505:
4480:
4338:
3734:
2904:
2665:
in Vilnius alone. Census figures from 2005 recorded 4,007 Jews in Lithuania â 0.12 percent of the country's total population.
2380:
2279:
1834:
1817:
1770:
1669:
1579:
1516:
1466:
1446:
1441:
1361:
1335:
1310:
1188:
1178:
1168:
1148:
1143:
4601:
3589:
6342:
5092:
4652:
4535:
4485:
4445:
4398:
4393:
4383:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4343:
4328:
4323:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4053:
Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture. Themes and Phenomena of the Jewish Diaspora, Volume 1
3339:
3203:
1853:
1839:
1807:
1787:
1755:
1699:
1674:
1649:
1629:
1619:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1574:
1564:
1559:
1536:
1451:
1436:
1356:
1315:
1268:
1263:
1183:
1128:
2657:, the Lithuanian Jewish population comprised some 160,000 people, or about 7% of the total population. There were over 110
6332:
6193:
5514:
4621:
4563:
4530:
4520:
4500:
4490:
4475:
4470:
4450:
4420:
4388:
4373:
4348:
4284:
3579:
3569:
2274:
1812:
1797:
1760:
1722:
1694:
1684:
1679:
1664:
1659:
1639:
1624:
1609:
1584:
1550:
1521:
1421:
1406:
1330:
1320:
1238:
1208:
1133:
1119:
6256:
3145:, but allowed to return in 1503. The Lithuanian statute of 1566 placed a number of restrictions on the Jews, and imposed
755:
6124:
6119:
5307:
5292:
5056:
5011:
4756:
4515:
4440:
4410:
3554:
2912:
2594:
style of life and learning, whatever their ethnic background. The area where Litvaks lived is referred to in Yiddish as
1882:
1802:
1765:
1689:
1634:
1501:
1476:
1401:
1376:
1366:
1305:
1228:
1223:
1203:
1193:
1173:
1158:
1051:
519:
514:
3277:
Litvaks have an identifiable mode of pronouncing Hebrew and Yiddish; this is often used to determine the boundaries of
6221:
6206:
5087:
4947:
4150:
3673:
3594:
3347:
2968:, which bear the names of their Lithuanian forebears. American "offspring" of the Lithuanian yeshiva movement include
1872:
1867:
1822:
1775:
1461:
1431:
1391:
1386:
1243:
549:
4626:
6175:
6069:
5720:
5614:
5322:
5255:
4816:
4706:
4268:
2969:
2650:
2346:
2191:
1899:
1293:
489:
479:
215:
4596:
3934:"Jewish Genetics, Part 3: Jewish Genetic Diseases (Mediterranean Fever, TayâSachs, pemphigus vulgaris, Mutations)"
3192:
836:
6291:
6231:
6129:
6109:
5979:
5904:
5764:
5631:
5317:
5277:
4645:
3330:. The utility of these variations has been the subject of debate. One variation, which is implicated in familial
2460:
2153:
2004:
1945:
4003:
Risch, Neil; Leon, Deborah de; Ozelius, Laurie; Kramer, Patricia; Almasy, Laura; Singer, Burton; Fahn, Stanley;
6327:
6211:
6042:
5341:
5216:
3647:
3257:
3199:
2900:
2884:
2742:
2551:
2163:
2143:
1253:
733:
274:
3453:
3293:
6164:
6153:
5747:
5668:
5373:
5272:
5211:
5191:
5097:
5070:
3321:
3288:
In the popular perception, Litvaks were considered to be more intellectual and stoic than their rivals, the
3014:
In the 19th century, the Orthodox Ashkenazi residents of the Holy Land, broadly speaking, were divided into
2916:
2304:
2294:
2259:
2138:
2128:
1911:
1082:
1024:
858:
537:
494:
209:
3523:
3440:
3390:
3334:, has been dated to the 14th century, corresponding to the establishment of settlements in response to the
6200:
6170:
5233:
3478:
2423:
2158:
2072:
1138:
690:
309:
279:
2764:
in Lithuania, Belarus, Latvia, Estonia and northeastern Poland, including SuwaĹki, ĹomĹźa, and BiaĹystok.
685:
6226:
6147:
5929:
5636:
5519:
5260:
5250:
5243:
5228:
5114:
4261:
3528:
3395:
2314:
2309:
2254:
2042:
957:
672:
567:
284:
3819:
3510:
3497:
6261:
6251:
5754:
4726:
3697:
3459:
3371:
3335:
3331:
3157:
3124:
Jews began living in Lithuania as early as the 13th century. In 1388, they were granted a charter by
2957:
2924:
2385:
2337:
2077:
1935:
748:
613:
602:
560:
3412:
5909:
5877:
5803:
5712:
5658:
5265:
5065:
4799:
4764:
3445:
3281:(area of settlement of Litvaks). Its most characteristic feature is the pronunciation of the vowel
3142:
3130:
2981:
2892:
2438:
811:
678:
581:
574:
504:
392:
267:
97:
2984:("Lakewood"), as well as numerous other yeshivas founded by students of Lakewood's founder, Rabbi
6241:
6236:
6047:
5769:
5646:
5641:
5626:
5596:
5549:
5472:
5378:
5238:
4811:
4716:
4683:
4123:
4032:
4004:
3483:
3406:
3363:
2992:
2887:. Differences between the groups grew to the extent that in popular perception "Lithuanian" and "
2757:
2689:
2509:
2289:
2239:
2186:
2181:
2095:
1965:
1233:
1062:
821:
741:
595:
161:
5524:
5400:
2891:" became virtually interchangeable terms. However, a sizable minority of Litvaks belong(ed) to
6025:
5956:
5838:
5823:
5606:
5477:
5442:
4731:
4180:
4161:
4136:
4109:
4092:
4078:
4056:
4024:
3986:
3915:
3309:
2961:
2790:
2753:
2567:
2433:
2375:
2355:
2172:
1732:
1371:
831:
702:
632:
509:
422:
289:
4243:
3878:"A Population-Genetic Test of Founder Effects and Implications for Ashkenazi Jewish Diseases"
3805:
6091:
6059:
6020:
5991:
5974:
5924:
5725:
5534:
5467:
5420:
5368:
5336:
5327:
5312:
5186:
5161:
5137:
5021:
4952:
4869:
4736:
4016:
3976:
3968:
3905:
3897:
3775:
3491:
3428:
3004:
2949:
2941:
2749:
2527:
2403:
2284:
2244:
2208:
1906:
1456:
967:
723:
627:
542:
432:
224:
87:
3933:
6001:
5996:
5808:
5735:
5568:
5539:
5462:
5452:
5415:
5390:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5181:
5176:
5166:
5151:
4942:
4859:
4826:
4784:
4774:
3741:
3536:
3417:
3247:
3102:
3039:
3015:
3008:
2876:
2782:
2732:
2591:
2539:
2365:
2324:
2319:
2299:
2221:
2215:
2148:
2100:
1940:
1921:
1072:
801:
713:
696:
240:
129:
92:
82:
3788:
3778:" (updated June 20, 2014). United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 2015-04-14.
3515:
3502:
3350:
in the population has also been identified as possibly stemming from the founder effect.
5702:
3651:
187:
6305:
6280:
6101:
6008:
5966:
5946:
5934:
5914:
5828:
5818:
5786:
5779:
5759:
5730:
5697:
5663:
5573:
5497:
5487:
5425:
5223:
5171:
5082:
5077:
4839:
4834:
4769:
4698:
3981:
3910:
3877:
3472:
3464:
3434:
3376:
3327:
3305:
3165:
3146:
2965:
2953:
2934:
2908:
2778:
2587:
2465:
2264:
2133:
2119:
1999:
1978:
1955:
1950:
1928:
1916:
1511:
992:
926:
891:
869:
806:
644:
622:
484:
463:
439:
205:
141:
125:
3060:
communities are much more diverse. Customs of Lithuanian non-Hasidic Jews consist of:
6321:
6074:
5919:
5846:
5653:
5587:
5560:
5509:
5457:
5430:
5405:
5395:
5156:
5102:
5036:
5016:
5006:
5001:
4974:
4920:
4849:
4794:
4208:
3622:
3384:
3289:
3091:
2985:
2413:
2408:
1614:
1541:
1067:
916:
911:
906:
896:
874:
826:
588:
427:
332:
294:
245:
145:
6054:
5851:
5813:
5774:
5363:
5107:
5046:
5026:
4986:
4969:
4937:
4925:
4886:
4804:
4779:
4036:
3710:
3599:
3559:
3235:
3150:
2654:
2443:
2269:
2110:
2105:
2063:
2016:
1110:
977:
962:
921:
886:
499:
341:
137:
133:
4213:
2571:
4222:
2999:
school; rival approaches were those of the Mir and Telshe yeshivas. In practical
6064:
5579:
5504:
5482:
5385:
4979:
4908:
4903:
4891:
4881:
4253:
4108:. Vilnius: Baltos lankos and Budapest: Central European University Press, 2010,
3181:
3069:
2673:
2672:
concentrated in the capital, Vilnius, with smaller population centres including
2643:
2583:
2428:
2370:
2035:
941:
936:
931:
901:
149:
2630:
No other Jew is more closely linked to a specifically Lithuanian city than the
17:
6158:
5865:
5447:
5041:
4789:
4711:
4247:
4228:
4218:
4118:
4101:
3265:
3251:
3023:
2631:
2086:
1100:
1029:
987:
816:
796:
355:
262:
182:
4232:
4077:; translated from the Hebrew by Adam Teller. New York: Berghahn Books, 2001,
6079:
5544:
5435:
5346:
4964:
4898:
4087:
Alvydas NikĹžentaitis, Stefan Schreiner, Darius StaliĹŤnas, Leonidas Donskis,
3057:
3049:
2888:
2880:
2822:
2804:
2796:
2768:
2658:
2555:
2249:
2234:
1324:
1272:
1034:
982:
972:
653:
649:
639:
554:
314:
59:
4915:
3990:
3919:
1002:
4028:
2875:
study. Lithuania became the heartland of the traditionalist opposition to
2821:
are somewhat misleading, because there are also Hasidic Jews from greater
5798:
5740:
5685:
5680:
5351:
3301:
3243:
3125:
3065:
3053:
3019:
2920:
2693:
2418:
2028:
1960:
791:
299:
250:
3967:(5), Roberto Colombo, Shoshi Shpitzen, Liat Ben Avi, et al.: 1172â1188,
6013:
5897:
5892:
5882:
5870:
5690:
5675:
5619:
5554:
5529:
5492:
5356:
5031:
4930:
4746:
4672:
4020:
3820:"The Jerusalem of Lithuania The story of the Jewish community of Vilna"
3343:
3297:
3206: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3075:
Variations in pronunciation (not practiced by most modern-day Litvaks)
3046:
3000:
2929:
2868:
2855:
2838:
2699:
2662:
2635:
2579:
2559:
2394:
2360:
2229:
2023:
1012:
1007:
770:
665:
661:
657:
406:
401:
378:
360:
235:
230:
220:
198:
173:
112:
77:
30:
For the general history of Jews in the territory of the Lithuania, see
6084:
5951:
5887:
3893:
3367:
3282:
3135:
3027:
2991:
In theoretical Talmud study, the leading Lithuanian authorities were
2896:
2872:
2786:
2677:
2609:
2575:
2563:
2054:
2049:
2009:
1994:
1105:
997:
417:
383:
369:
304:
3423:
2646:(1910â1982) was born in Vilna, the city about which he would write.
4637:
3972:
3901:
3095:
being pronounced as /s/, making it difficult to differentiate from
6035:
6030:
5984:
5939:
5860:
5855:
5119:
4874:
4844:
4238:
4214:
Collection of photos of Litvaks made in first half of 20th century
3256:
3079:
2854:
2639:
2503:
1017:
446:
350:
319:
3700:". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 2016-04-19.
3138:, and other free citizens. As a result, the community prospered.
3068:
during non-sabbath days of the intermediate days of the festival
2944:, which was the model for most later yeshivas. Twentieth century
6134:
4668:
3153:, including yellow caps for men and yellow kerchiefs for women.
2761:
2547:
169:
4641:
4257:
3011:, which is regarded as both more analytic and more accessible.
3175:
2940:
The most famous Lithuanian institution of Jewish learning was
3855:"This is no fish tale: Gefilte tastes tell story of ancestry"
2767:
However, following the dispute between the Hasidim and the
4200:
4225:
on contemporary and historic Litvak culture and Litvish
3326:
The Lithuanian Jewish population may exhibit a genetic
4127:; Vilnius: International Cultural Program Center, 2009
3494:, animator, illustrator, scriptwriter and caricaturist
3162:
Second Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
4075:
The Litvaks: A Short History of the Jews of Lithuania
3007:, though today, the "Lithuanian" yeshivas prefer the
2871:
was marked by a concentration on highly intellectual
2713:
means "Lithuanian": the noun for a Lithuanian Jew is
2578:, as well as adjacent areas of modern-day Russia and
3285:
as (as against Sephardic , Germanic and Polish ).
2837:
is also problematic because Hasidim now make use of
2033:
2014:
437:
6100:
5965:
5837:
5711:
5605:
5136:
4825:
4755:
4697:
4587:
4549:
4291:
3575:
Timeline of Jewish history in Lithuania and Belarus
3296:". This difference is of course connected with the
2851:
Timeline of Jewish history in Lithuania and Belarus
118:
106:
68:
50:
45:
4201:Official website of Jewish Community of Lithuania
3387:, one of the few Rabbis to survive the Holocaust
3358:Among notable contemporary Lithuanian Jews are:
2867:The characteristically "Lithuanian" approach to
2825:and many Litvaks who are not Haredim. The term
2793:). Other expressions used for this purpose are
4244:The Story of the Jewish Community in Lithuania
4156:Schoenburg, Stuart; Schoenburg, Nancy (2008).
4653:
4269:
4179:. Jerusalem, Israel: Gefen Publishing House.
3100:
3003:, the Lithuanians traditionally followed the
2832:
2810:
2794:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2703:
2603:
2595:
2485:
8:
3550:Category:People of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
3045:, are often used loosely to include any non-
2826:
2816:
2802:
2772:
2736:
2726:
2619:
2613:
40:
6142:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
3793:YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe
3342:to settle in the newly established city of
3149:, including the requirement that they wear
2582:). The term is sometimes used to cover all
729:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
4822:
4660:
4646:
4638:
4276:
4262:
4254:
2550:with roots in the territory of the former
2492:
2478:
2342:
1983:
1056:
863:
468:
337:
156:
39:
4239:MACEVA: Lithuania Jewish Cemetery Project
3980:
3909:
3222:Learn how and when to remove this message
3026:. For this reason, in modern-day Israeli
2974:Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary
2845:Ethnicity, religious customs and heritage
4689:Index of Jewish history-related articles
4235:for the proposed field of Litvak Studies
3346:. A relatively high rate of early-onset
3234:The Jewish Lithuanian population before
6188:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
3770:
3768:
3610:
2393:
2345:
2171:
2118:
2085:
2062:
1986:
1852:
1740:
1714:
1549:
1343:
1118:
1090:
949:
783:
712:
612:
527:
471:
391:
368:
340:
168:
2978:Yeshivas Rabbeinu Yisrael Meir HaKohen
2927:, many Litvaks became devotees of the
2508:Map showing percentage of Jews in the
4177:The Massacre of the Jews of Lithuania
4089:The Vanished World of Lithuanian Jews
3022:, who were Litvaks influenced by the
7:
4055:. Avrum M. Ehrlich, ABC-CLIO, 2009.
3204:adding citations to reliable sources
2777:(Lithuanians) is often used for all
46:Regions with significant populations
3644:"The Jewish Community of Lithuania"
3585:History of the Jews in South Africa
2933:(Jewish Enlightenment) movement in
2704:
2543:
2531:
6135:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
6115:American Jewish Historical Society
3961:American Journal of Human Genetics
3890:American Society of Human Genetics
3735:Lithuanian population by ethnicity
3711:"Vilnius â Jerusalem of Lithuania"
25:
3806:"Lithuania Historical Background"
3621:. Db1.stat.gov.lt. Archived from
3268:. Cartography by Giedre Beconyte.
3164:, Litvaks became subjects of the
520:Historical population comparisons
6299:
6286:
6285:
3565:History of the Jews in Lithuania
3336:invitation extended by Gediminas
3262:An Atlas of Northeastern Yiddish
3180:
3120:History of the Jews in Lithuania
1164:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1078:Historical population by country
52:
32:History of the Jews in Lithuania
3191:needs additional citations for
3172:Litvaks in the Second World War
3141:In 1495, they were expelled by
6207:Relations with other religions
4285:History of the Jews in Europe
2841:as much as the Litvishe Jews.
1:
6338:Jews and Judaism in Lithuania
6194:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
4209:Website about Jews in Vilnius
4158:Lithuanian Jewish Communities
4124:Seven Kingdoms of the Litvaks
3580:History of the Jews in Poland
3570:History of the Jews in Latvia
2513:
735:Christianity and Judaism
6125:Leo Baeck Institute New York
6120:American Sephardi Federation
3555:Jewish cemeteries of Vilnius
3422:, pop singer from the group
3400:, composer, Laureate of the
3366:(a member of the Lithuanian
4948:Constantinopolitan Karaites
4091:, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2004,
3409:, composer and sound artist
3101:
2833:
2827:
2817:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2773:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2614:
2604:
2034:
2015:
1742:Latin America and Caribbean
438:
6359:
6176:National Library of Israel
4817:Zionism, race and genetics
3876:Slatkin, M (August 2004).
3590:IsraelâLithuania relations
3431:, philosopher and essayist
3338:in 1323, which encouraged
3319:
3117:
2970:Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin
2848:
2687:
2651:the Holocaust in Lithuania
2347:Jewish political movements
2044:Conversion to Judaism
29:
6274:
6130:Yeshiva University Museum
6110:Center for Jewish History
4679:
4106:Lithuanian Jewish Culture
3834:"Yiddish Knowledge Cards"
3402:Lithuanian National Award
3078:The pronunciation of the
2923:. With the spread of the
2879:. They named themselves "
2621:
2620:
2597:
2596:
750:Hinduism and Judaism
123:
111:
73:
4722:Ancient Israel and Judah
3648:European Jewish Congress
3099:, a phenomenon known as
2760:) dialect was spoken by
2743:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
2653:began in 1941. Prior to
2552:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
576:Temple in Jerusalem
269:Bar and bat mitzvah
5098:North African Sephardim
5071:Jewish tribes of Arabia
4135:. Xlibris Corporation.
3795:. Retrieved 2015-04-14.
3619:"RodikliĹł duomenĹł bazÄ"
3595:List of Lithuanian Jews
3475:, cellist and conductor
3322:Genetic studies on Jews
2980:("Chofetz Chaim"), and
2725:itself originates from
538:Twelve Tribes of Israel
6201:Holocaust Encyclopedia
6171:Jewish Virtual Library
4334:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4175:Sutton, Karen (2008).
4131:Ozer, Mark N. (2009).
3269:
2864:
2737:
2727:
2554:(covering present-day
2520:
2512:in the Russian Empire
27:Ethnic group of Europe
6343:Ashkenazi Jews topics
6148:Encyclopaedia Judaica
5930:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
5115:Sephardic Bnei Anusim
4865:Udmurt and Tatar Jews
4160:. Jason Aronson Inc.
3524:Aleksandra JacovskytÄ
3454:Grigorijus KanoviÄius
3441:Benjaminas Gorbulskis
3391:Anatolijus Ĺ enderovas
3320:Further information:
3260:
2946:"Lithuanian" yeshivas
2858:
2849:Further information:
2688:Further information:
2507:
1284:SĂŁo TomĂŠ and PrĂncipe
1279:Republic of the Congo
673:Second Temple Judaism
544:Kingdom of Judah
515:Modern historiography
119:Related ethnic groups
6333:Jewish ethnic groups
4727:Second Temple period
3787:Levin, Dov (2010). "
3488:, jazz percussionist
3479:Arkadijus Gotesmanas
3469:, tenor opera singer
3332:hypercholesterolemia
3294:Hatfields and McCoys
3200:improve this article
3158:Khmelnytsky Uprising
3151:distinctive clothing
2386:World Agudath Israel
1527:United Arab Emirates
614:Second Temple period
604:Babylonian captivity
6165:Jewish Encyclopedia
5910:Hekhalot literature
5721:Religious movements
5256:Judeo-Tripolitanian
4550:States with limited
4005:Breakefield, Xandra
3857:. 10 September 1999
3715:litvakai.mch.mii.lt
3143:Alexander Jagiellon
3038:(adjective), or in
3030:parlance the terms
2982:Beth Medrash Govoha
2566:, the northeastern
679:Hellenistic Judaism
257:Land of Israel
216:Principles of faith
42:
6306:Judaism portal
6242:Jews and Halloween
6237:Jews and Christmas
5627:Rabbinic authority
5379:Judaeo-Piedmontese
4812:Xueta Christianity
4717:Origins of Judaism
4684:Outline of Judaism
4021:10.1038/ng0295-152
3740:2009-06-02 at the
3407:Arturas Bumsteinas
3364:Emanuelis Zingeris
3270:
3107:('Sabbath Lingo').
2993:Chaim Soloveitchik
2865:
2861:Lithuanian yeshiva
2758:Lithuanian Yiddish
2690:Lithuanian Yiddish
2521:
2510:Pale of Settlement
2240:Jewish Koine Greek
1782:Dominican Republic
1063:Judaism by country
742:Jews and Christmas
597:Assyrian captivity
6315:
6314:
6281:extinct languages
6182:YIVO Encyclopedia
5957:Hebrew literature
5925:Sefer HaEtz Chaim
5765:Reconstructionist
5443:Judaeo-Portuguese
5132:
5131:
5088:Eastern Sephardim
4732:Synagogal Judaism
4635:
4634:
4186:978-965-229-400-5
4167:978-1-56821-993-6
4142:978-1-4363-6778-3
4133:The Litvak Legacy
4061:978-1-85109-873-6
3882:Am. J. Hum. Genet
3672:Shapiro, Nathan.
3310:Gefilte Fish Line
3232:
3231:
3224:
2809:. Both the words
2791:Sephardic Haredim
2781:Jews who are not
2638:, "the genius of
2502:
2501:
2451:
2450:
2199:
2198:
1946:Reconstructionist
1890:
1889:
1042:
1041:
849:
848:
686:JewishâRoman wars
634:Hasmonean dynasty
550:Kingdom of Israel
454:
453:
155:
154:
16:(Redirected from
6350:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6289:
6288:
5421:Judeo-Golpaygani
5022:Palestinian Jews
4997:Alexandrian Jews
4953:Crimean Karaites
4870:Unterlander Jews
4823:
4737:Rabbinic Judaism
4662:
4655:
4648:
4639:
4588:Dependencies and
4292:Sovereign states
4278:
4271:
4264:
4255:
4205:
4190:
4171:
4149:Nathan Shapiro,
4146:
4041:
4040:
4000:
3994:
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3984:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3938:www.khazaria.com
3930:
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3842:
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3822:. Yadvashem.org.
3816:
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3809:
3808:. Yadvashem.org.
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3659:
3650:. Archived from
3640:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3615:
3532:
3519:
3511:Marius Jacovskis
3506:
3498:Adomas Jacovskis
3492:Ilja Bereznickas
3487:
3468:
3449:
3429:Leonidas Donskis
3421:
3399:
3380:
3227:
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3207:
3184:
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3005:Aruch HaShulchan
2942:Volozhin yeshiva
2836:
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2814:
2808:
2800:
2776:
2754:Litvishe Yiddish
2750:Yiddish dialects
2740:
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1984:
1931:
1878:New Zealand
1830:
1793:El Salvador
1783:
1715:Northern America
1707:
1301:
1057:
968:Crimean Karaites
864:
842:
840:
761:
759:
751:
745:
736:
724:Rabbinic Judaism
705:
699:
693:
681:
669:
635:
628:Maccabean Revolt
605:
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584:
577:
571:
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270:
258:
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58:
56:
55:
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21:
6358:
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6353:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6348:
6347:
6328:Lithuanian Jews
6318:
6317:
6316:
6311:
6300:
6298:
6270:
6096:
5961:
5833:
5707:
5601:
5416:Judeo-Borujerdi
5391:Judeo-Malayalam
5337:Judeo-Aragonese
5308:Lishanid Noshan
5140:
5128:
4860:Oberlander Jews
4821:
4751:
4693:
4675:
4666:
4636:
4631:
4589:
4583:
4569:Northern Cyprus
4551:
4545:
4466:North Macedonia
4287:
4282:
4203:
4197:
4187:
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4155:
4143:
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4070:
4068:Further reading
4049:
4044:
4009:Nature Genetics
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4001:
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3957:
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3747:
3742:Wayback Machine
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3372:Markas Zingeris
3356:
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3248:Ponary massacre
3228:
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3103:Sabesdiker losn
3009:Mishnah Berurah
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2752:in Europe, the
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2320:Judeo-Malayalam
2300:Judaeo-Georgian
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2201:
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2101:Yiddish theatre
2043:
1981:
1971:
1970:
1929:
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1083:Genetic studies
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716:and Middle Ages
714:Rabbinic period
701:
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587:
579:
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566:
561:in Judaism
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130:Belarusian Jews
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53:
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18:Lithuanian Jews
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6248:non-Christian
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5944:
5943:
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5937:
5935:Sefer Yetzirah
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5915:Pardes Rimonim
5912:
5905:Kabbalah texts
5902:
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5698:Land of Israel
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5574:Judeo-Alsatian
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5426:Judeo-Hamedani
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5401:Judaeo-Occitan
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5342:Jewish English
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5273:Judaeo-Aramaic
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5263:
5261:Judeo-Tunisian
5258:
5253:
5251:Judeo-Moroccan
5248:
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5244:Judeo-Baghdadi
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5093:Livornese Jews
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4195:External links
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4114:978-9639776517
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4015:(2): 152â159.
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3902:10.1086/423146
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3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3534:
3521:
3520:, scenographer
3508:
3507:, scenographer
3495:
3489:
3476:
3473:David Geringas
3470:
3457:
3451:
3438:
3435:Icchokas Meras
3432:
3426:
3413:Gidonas Ĺ apiro
3410:
3404:
3388:
3382:
3355:
3354:Notable people
3352:
3328:founder effect
3317:
3314:
3274:
3271:
3230:
3229:
3188:
3186:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3166:Russian Empire
3147:sumptuary laws
3118:Main article:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3087:
3073:
2935:Eastern Europe
2909:Karlin (Pinsk)
2893:Hasidic groups
2846:
2843:
2685:
2682:
2586:who follow an
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2398:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2381:Territorialism
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2350:
2349:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2265:Judaeo-Spanish
2262:
2260:Judaeo-Iranian
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2067:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2040:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1857:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1745:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1706:United Kingdom
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1139:Bilad-el-Sudan
1136:
1131:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1095:
1094:
1092:Land of Israel
1088:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
952:
951:
950:Related groups
947:
946:
945:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
883:
882:
877:
862:
857:
856:
853:
852:
847:
846:
845:
844:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
807:Jewish atheism
804:
799:
794:
786:
785:
781:
780:
779:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:IslamicâJewish
753:
746:
731:
726:
718:
717:
710:
709:
708:
707:
683:
670:
642:
637:
630:
625:
623:Yehud Medinata
617:
616:
610:
609:
608:
607:
600:
593:
585:
572:
564:
552:
547:
540:
532:
531:
529:Ancient Israel
525:
524:
523:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
485:Land of Israel
482:
474:
473:
467:
462:
461:
458:
457:
452:
451:
450:
449:
444:
440:Shulchan Aruch
435:
430:
425:
420:
412:
411:
410:
409:
404:
396:
395:
389:
388:
387:
386:
381:
373:
372:
366:
365:
364:
363:
358:
353:
345:
344:
336:
331:
330:
327:
326:
323:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
265:
260:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
218:
213:
206:God in Judaism
202:
197:
196:
193:
192:
191:
190:
185:
177:
176:
166:
165:
153:
152:
142:Ukrainian Jews
126:Ashkenazi Jews
121:
120:
116:
115:
109:
108:
104:
103:
101:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
74:
71:
70:
66:
65:
62:
48:
47:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6355:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6325:
6323:
6308:
6307:
6296:
6294:
6293:
6284:
6283:
6282:
6278:
6273:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6232:Protestantism
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6202:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6103:
6099:
6093:
6090:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6049:
6046:
6045:
6044:
6041:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6010:
6007:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5968:
5964:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5920:Sefer HaBahir
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5906:
5903:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5879:
5876:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5857:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5847:Sifrei Kodesh
5845:
5844:
5842:
5840:
5836:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5749:
5746:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5704:
5703:Who is a Jew?
5701:
5699:
5696:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5632:Chosen people
5630:
5628:
5625:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5604:
5598:
5595:
5589:
5588:Scots-Yiddish
5586:
5582:
5581:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5570:
5567:
5563:
5562:
5561:Klezmer-loshn
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5431:Judeo-Shirazi
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5407:
5406:Judeo-Persian
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5396:Judeo-Marathi
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5374:Judeo-Italian
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5229:Judeo-Amazigh
5227:
5225:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5139:
5135:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5064:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5052:Hadhrami Jews
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5017:Mountain Jews
5015:
5013:
5012:Egyptian Jews
5010:
5008:
5007:Bukharan Jews
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4795:Lists of Jews
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4663:
4658:
4656:
4651:
4649:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4602:Faroe Islands
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4586:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4574:South Ossetia
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4548:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4426:Liechtenstein
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4274:
4272:
4267:
4265:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4178:
4173:
4169:
4163:
4159:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4134:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4097:90-420-0850-4
4094:
4090:
4086:
4084:
4083:965-308-084-9
4080:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3954:
3951:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3872:
3869:
3856:
3850:
3847:
3835:
3829:
3826:
3821:
3815:
3812:
3807:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3762:9789004176423
3758:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3731:
3728:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3690:
3675:
3668:
3665:
3654:on 2014-11-06
3653:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3625:on 2013-10-14
3624:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3419:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3397:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3385:Ephraim Oshry
3383:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3237:
3226:
3223:
3215:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3189:This section
3187:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3113:
3105:
3104:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2986:Aharon Kotler
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2925:Enlightenment
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2905:Karlin-Stolin
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2835:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2799:
2798:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2541:
2537:
2529:
2525:
2511:
2506:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2483:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:Judeo-Aramaic
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2295:Judeo-Italian
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2275:GhardaĂŻa Sign
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:Denominations
1896:
1895:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1728:United States
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1214:Guinea-Bissau
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1068:Lists of Jews
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
955:
954:
953:
948:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
881:
878:
876:
873:
872:
871:
868:
867:
866:
865:
860:
855:
854:
843:
835:
833:
830:
828:
827:The Holocaust
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
789:
788:
787:
782:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
754:
752:
747:
743:
737:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
721:
720:
719:
715:
711:
704:
698:
692:
687:
684:
680:
674:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
620:
619:
618:
615:
611:
606:
601:
599:
594:
590:
586:
583:
578:
573:
569:
565:
562:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
541:
539:
536:
535:
534:
533:
530:
526:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
476:
475:
470:
465:
460:
459:
448:
445:
442:
441:
436:
434:
431:
429:
428:Mishneh Torah
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
415:
414:
413:
408:
405:
403:
400:
399:
398:
397:
394:
390:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
375:
374:
371:
367:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
348:
347:
346:
343:
339:
334:
329:
328:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
266:
264:
261:
259:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
226:
222:
219:
217:
214:
211:
207:
204:
203:
200:
195:
194:
189:
188:Who is a Jew?
186:
184:
181:
180:
179:
178:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
158:
151:
147:
146:Estonian Jews
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
117:
114:
110:
105:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
75:
72:
67:
63:
61:
49:
44:
33:
19:
6297:
6290:
6276:
6199:
6192:
6180:
6163:
6146:
5980:perspectives
5814:Samaritanism
5775:Neo-Hasidism
5755:Conservative
5669:Names of God
5578:
5559:
5369:Judaeo-Greek
5364:Judeo-Gascon
5303:LishĂĄn DidĂĄn
5298:Lishana Deni
5266:Judeo-Yemeni
5234:Judeo-Arabic
5108:Meshuchrarim
5027:Persian Jews
4960:Kurdish Jews
4938:Kaifeng Jews
4887:Beta Abraham
4854:
4850:Galitzianers
4805:Antisemitism
4780:Israeli Jews
4765:Assimilation
4579:Transnistria
4233:Reading list
4204:(in English)
4176:
4157:
4132:
4122:
4105:
4088:
4074:
4052:
4012:
4008:
3998:
3964:
3960:
3953:
3941:. Retrieved
3937:
3928:
3885:
3881:
3871:
3859:. Retrieved
3849:
3837:. Retrieved
3828:
3814:
3800:
3792:
3783:
3757:
3748:
3730:
3718:. Retrieved
3714:
3705:
3692:
3680:. Retrieved
3667:
3656:. Retrieved
3652:the original
3638:
3627:. Retrieved
3623:the original
3613:
3600:Minhag Polin
3560:Vilna Ghetto
3357:
3325:
3290:Galitzianers
3287:
3278:
3276:
3261:
3241:
3236:World War II
3233:
3218:
3209:
3198:Please help
3193:verification
3190:
3155:
3140:
3129:
3123:
3096:
3090:
3083:
3042:
3035:
3031:
3013:
2990:
2939:
2928:
2895:, including
2866:
2859:Portrait of
2766:
2748:Of the main
2747:
2697:
2670:
2667:
2655:World War II
2648:
2629:
2608:, hence the
2535:
2523:
2522:
2444:Post-Zionism
2315:Judeo-Berber
2310:Judeo-Arabic
2270:Judeo-Gascon
2017:Pidyon haben
1936:Conservative
1482:Saudi Arabia
1300:South Africa
1289:Sierra Leone
1111:Israeli Jews
1025:Mosaic Arabs
978:Kaifeng Jews
879:
839:ArabâIsraeli
812:Emancipation
691:Great Revolt
500:Anti-Judaism
495:Antisemitism
490:Name "Judea"
285:Baal teshuva
138:Latvian Jews
134:Russian Jews
37:Ethnic group
6222:Catholicism
5804:Hellenistic
5642:Eschatology
5580:Lachoudisch
5505:Lotegorisch
5483:Lachoudisch
5473:KoinĂŠ Greek
5386:Judeo-Latin
5323:Palestinian
5217:Palestinian
5066:MustaĘżravim
4992:Afghan Jews
4980:Berber Jews
4904:Bene Israel
4892:Falash Mura
4882:Beta Israel
4800:Persecution
4742:Middle Ages
4617:Isle of Man
4552:recognition
4526:Switzerland
4461:Netherlands
4073:Dov Levin,
3527: [
3514: [
3501: [
3482: [
3463: [
3444: [
3416: [
3394: [
3375: [
3340:German Jews
3246:woods (see
3070:chol hamoed
3064:Wearing of
2719:. The term
2644:Chaim Grade
2584:Haredi Jews
2574:regions of
2517: 1905
2439:Revisionist
2429:Neo-Zionism
2036:Zeved habat
1829:Puerto Rico
1655:Netherlands
1487:South Korea
1472:Philippines
1352:Afghanistan
1219:Ivory Coast
993:Crypto-Jews
958:Bnei Anusim
937:Bene Israel
902:Beta Israel
859:Communities
766:Middle Ages
505:Persecution
280:Bereavement
150:Polish Jews
6322:Categories
6217:Anabaptism
6159:Jew (word)
6026:Leadership
5839:Literature
5824:Secularism
5770:Humanistic
5637:Conversion
5607:Philosophy
5448:Judeo-Urdu
5212:Babylonian
5057:Saada Jews
5042:Adeni Jews
4835:Ashkenazim
4790:Samaritans
4757:Population
4712:Israelites
4496:San Marino
4456:Montenegro
4436:Luxembourg
4416:Kazakhstan
4319:Azerbaijan
4248:Yad Vashem
4229:Dovid Katz
4219:Dovid Katz
4119:Dovid Katz
4102:Dovid Katz
4047:References
3943:18 October
3896:: 282â93.
3861:18 October
3839:18 October
3720:18 October
3682:7 December
3658:2014-11-06
3629:2013-04-16
3450:, composer
3266:Dovid Katz
3252:Ninth Fort
3250:) and the
3212:April 2014
3034:(noun) or
3024:Vilna Gaon
2913:Lechovitch
2834:Yeshivishe
2797:Yeshivishe
2702:adjective
2659:synagogues
2632:Vilna Gaon
2424:Maximalism
2376:Secularism
2356:Autonomism
2173:Literature
1966:Humanistic
1570:Azerbaijan
1532:Uzbekistan
1507:Tajikistan
1427:Kyrgyzstan
1412:Kazakhstan
1259:Mozambique
1234:Madagascar
1154:Cape Verde
1106:New Yishuv
1101:Old Yishuv
1052:Population
1030:Subbotniks
988:Samaritans
927:Romanyotim
870:Ashkenazim
817:Old Yishuv
797:Sabbateans
784:Modern era
776:Golden Age
703:Bar Kokhba
423:Beit Yosef
290:Philosophy
98:Lithuanian
6279:indicate
6227:Mormonism
6212:Christian
6092:Symbolism
6080:Synagogue
6060:Mythology
6021:Education
5992:Astronomy
5975:Astrology
5792:relations
5597:Zarphatic
5545:Galitzish
5347:Yeshivish
5224:Catalanic
5187:Samaritan
5162:Ashkenazi
5143:Diasporic
5138:Languages
5083:Sephardim
5078:Romaniote
4965:Krymchaks
4899:Desi Jews
4775:Buddhists
4607:Gibraltar
4431:Lithuania
4246:â on the
3789:Lithuania
3776:Lithuania
3698:Lithuania
3533:, painter
3362:Brothers
3082:as /ej/ (
3058:misnagged
3050:Ashkenazi
3036:Litvisher
2889:misnagged
2885:Frankists
2881:misnagdim
2828:Misnagdim
2823:Lithuania
2805:Misnagdim
2785:(and not
2769:Misnagdim
2684:Etymology
2622:×Ö´××Ö¸×Ö´××
2588:Ashkenazi
2572:BiaĹystok
2556:Lithuania
2544:×Ö´××Ö¸×Ö´××
2532:××××°×֡קעץ
2434:Religious
2290:Zarphatic
2280:Bukharian
2250:Judeo-Tat
2235:Yeshivish
2209:Languages
2164:Sephardic
2154:Israelite
2144:Ethiopian
2134:Ashkenazi
2073:Religious
1863:Australia
1845:Venezuela
1751:Argentina
1733:Greenland
1645:Lithuania
1497:Sri Lanka
1492:Singapore
1417:Kurdistan
1382:Indonesia
1372:Hong Kong
1325:Abayudaya
1249:Mauritius
983:Igbo Jews
973:Krymchaks
892:Sephardim
760:relations
654:Sadducees
650:Pharisees
640:Sanhedrin
555:Jerusalem
315:Synagogue
183:Etymology
69:Languages
60:Lithuania
6292:Category
6262:Hinduism
6252:Buddhism
6154:Genetics
6070:Politics
6043:Marriage
6002:Holidays
5997:Calendar
5878:Rabbinic
5854:/Hebrew
5799:Haymanot
5726:Orthodox
5713:Branches
5686:Kabbalah
5681:Haskalah
5659:Holiness
5535:dialects
5515:Shassagh
5478:Krymchak
5458:Kayliùùa
5352:Yinglish
5328:Galilean
5318:Talmudic
5313:Biblical
5288:Betanure
5207:Biblical
5202:Mishnaic
5197:Medieval
5182:Tiberian
5177:Yemenite
5167:Sephardi
5103:Paradesi
5047:Ḥabbanim
5037:Teimanim
5002:Baghdadi
4975:Maghrebi
4943:Karaites
4921:GruzĂnim
4909:Kochinim
4827:Diaspora
4785:Karaites
4770:Atheists
4707:Timeline
4627:Svalbard
4612:Guernsey
4559:Abkhazia
4511:Slovenia
4506:Slovakia
4481:Portugal
4339:Bulgaria
3991:11309683
3920:15208782
3738:Archived
3544:See also
3456:, writer
3437:, writer
3381:(writer)
3348:dystonia
3316:Genetics
3302:misnaged
3244:Paneriai
3131:szlachta
3126:Vytautas
3066:tefillin
3054:yeshivas
3020:Perushim
2995:and the
2966:Slabodka
2950:Ponevezh
2948:include
2921:Koidanov
2877:Hasidism
2863:students
2839:yeshivot
2812:Litvishe
2787:Hardalim
2694:Ostjuden
2674:KlaipÄda
2663:yeshivas
2461:Category
2419:Kahanism
2366:Feminism
2338:Politics
2222:Biblical
2192:American
2139:Bukharan
2129:American
2029:Shidduch
2005:Clothing
1961:Haymanot
1907:Orthodox
1835:Suriname
1818:Paraguay
1771:Colombia
1670:Portugal
1580:Bulgaria
1517:Thailand
1467:Pakistan
1447:Mongolia
1442:Malaysia
1362:Cambodia
1336:Zimbabwe
1311:Tanzania
1189:Eswatini
1179:Ethiopia
1169:Djibouti
1149:Cameroon
1144:Botswana
1073:Diaspora
1035:Noahides
1008:Marranos
932:Cochinim
917:Bukharim
907:Gruzinim
897:Teimanim
887:Mizrahim
875:Galician
841:conflict
802:Hasidism
792:Haskalah
697:Diaspora
568:timeline
480:Timeline
393:Rabbinic
300:Kabbalah
275:Marriage
251:Tzedakah
241:Holidays
199:Religion
162:a series
160:Part of
107:Religion
6277:Italics
6102:Studies
6048:Divorce
6014:Kashrut
6009:Cuisine
5967:Culture
5898:Midrash
5893:Tosefta
5883:Mishnah
5871:Ketuvim
5866:Nevi'im
5829:Schisms
5819:Science
5809:Karaite
5780:Renewal
5741:Litvaks
5736:Hasidic
5691:Sefirot
5676:Halakha
5647:Messiah
5620:Mitzvah
5615:Beliefs
5569:Western
5555:Poylish
5550:Litvish
5540:Eastern
5530:Yiddish
5525:Shuadit
5510:QwareĂąa
5498:Tetuani
5493:Haketia
5468:Knaanic
5463:Kivruli
5411:Bukhori
5357:Heblish
5293:HulaulĂĄ
5283:Barzani
5239:Yahudic
5172:Mizrahi
5032:Urfalim
4987:Mizrahi
4931:Neofiti
4926:Italkim
4855:Lita'im
4747:Zionism
4699:History
4673:Judaism
4536:Ukraine
4486:Romania
4446:Moldova
4404:Ireland
4399:Iceland
4394:Hungary
4384:Germany
4379:Georgia
4369:Finland
4364:Estonia
4359:Denmark
4344:Croatia
4329:Belgium
4324:Belarus
4314:Austria
4309:Armenia
4304:Andorra
4299:Albania
4250:website
4223:studies
4037:5922128
4029:7719342
3982:1226098
3911:1216062
3539:, actor
3344:Vilnius
3306:cuisine
3298:Hasidic
3273:Culture
3114:History
3047:Hasidic
3016:Hasidim
3001:halakha
2997:Brisker
2930:Haskala
2869:Judaism
2818:Lita'im
2783:Hasidim
2774:Lita'im
2710:Litvish
2705:××××××׊
2700:Yiddish
2661:and 10
2636:Yiddish
2624:
2615:Lita'im
2600:
2592:Hasidic
2580:Ukraine
2568:SuwaĹki
2560:Belarus
2536:Lita'im
2528:Yiddish
2524:Litvaks
2404:General
2395:Zionism
2371:Leftism
2361:Bundism
2285:Knaanic
2245:Yevanic
2230:Yiddish
2187:Yiddish
2182:Israeli
2159:Mizrahi
2149:Israeli
2120:Cuisine
2096:Ancient
2078:Secular
2024:Kashrut
2000:Wedding
1987:Customs
1979:Culture
1956:Science
1951:Renewal
1941:Karaite
1922:Hasidic
1854:Oceania
1840:Uruguay
1808:Jamaica
1788:Ecuador
1756:Bolivia
1700:Ukraine
1675:Romania
1650:Moldova
1630:Hungary
1620:Germany
1615:Georgia
1605:Finland
1600:Estonia
1595:Denmark
1590:Czechia
1575:Belarus
1565:Austria
1560:Armenia
1537:Vietnam
1452:Myanmar
1437:Lebanon
1357:Bahrain
1316:Tunisia
1294:Somalia
1269:Nigeria
1264:Namibia
1254:Morocco
1184:Eritrea
1129:Algeria
1013:Neofiti
922:Italkim
912:Juhurim
822:Zionism
771:Khazars
666:Sicarii
662:Zealots
658:Essenes
645:Schisms
510:Leaders
472:General
464:History
407:Tosefta
402:Midrash
379:Mishnah
361:Ketuvim
356:Nevi'im
305:Customs
236:Shabbat
231:Halakha
223: (
221:Mitzvot
208: (
174:Judaism
113:Judaism
88:Russian
78:Yiddish
41:Litvaks
6085:Hazzan
6075:Prayer
5952:Siddur
5888:Talmud
5852:Tanakh
5787:Neolog
5760:Reform
5748:Modern
5731:Haredi
5654:Ethics
5520:Shassi
5488:Ladino
5453:Karaim
5436:Juhuri
5278:Targum
5192:Signed
5157:Modern
5152:Hebrew
5120:Xuetes
4916:DĂśnmeh
4875:Yekkes
4622:Jersey
4564:Kosovo
4531:Turkey
4521:Sweden
4501:Serbia
4491:Russia
4476:Poland
4471:Norway
4451:Monaco
4421:Latvia
4389:Greece
4374:France
4349:Cyprus
4183:
4164:
4139:
4112:
4095:
4081:
4059:
4035:
4027:
3989:
3979:
3918:
3908:
3894:PubMed
3370:) and
3368:Seimas
3136:boyars
3043:Litaim
3040:Hebrew
3032:Litvak
3028:Haredi
2964:, and
2954:Telshe
2901:Slonim
2897:Chabad
2873:Talmud
2779:Haredi
2738:Litwin
2733:Polish
2728:Litwak
2722:Litvak
2716:Litvak
2678:Kaunas
2610:Hebrew
2590:, non-
2576:Poland
2564:Latvia
2546:) are
2540:Hebrew
2466:Portal
2325:Domari
2255:Shassi
2216:Hebrew
2111:Humour
2055:Hiloni
2050:Aliyah
2010:Niddah
1995:Minyan
1930:Reform
1917:Haredi
1912:Modern
1813:Mexico
1798:Guyana
1761:Brazil
1723:Canada
1695:Sweden
1685:Serbia
1680:Russia
1665:Poland
1660:Norway
1640:Latvia
1625:Greece
1610:France
1585:Cyprus
1551:Europe
1522:Turkey
1512:Taiwan
1422:Kuwait
1407:Jordan
1397:Israel
1331:Zambia
1321:Uganda
1239:Malawi
1209:Guinea
1199:Gambia
1134:Angola
1120:Africa
1003:DĂśnmeh
998:Anusim
942:Berber
880:Litvak
832:Israel
738:
675:
589:Second
557:
418:Targum
384:Gemara
370:Talmud
342:Tanakh
295:Ethics
246:Prayer
124:Other
93:Polish
83:Hebrew
57:
6257:Islam
6065:Names
6055:Music
6036:Rebbe
6031:Rabbi
5985:Monen
5940:Zohar
5861:Torah
5856:Bible
4970:Lemba
4845:Chuts
4597:Ă
land
4516:Spain
4441:Malta
4411:Italy
4033:S2CID
3888:(2).
3677:(PDF)
3606:Notes
3531:]
3518:]
3505:]
3486:]
3467:]
3448:]
3420:]
3398:]
3379:]
3283:holam
3264:, by
3080:holam
2917:Amdur
2640:Vilna
2612:term
2534:) or
2414:Labor
2409:Green
2106:Dance
2064:Music
1883:Palau
1803:Haiti
1766:Chile
1690:Spain
1635:Italy
1542:Yemen
1502:Syria
1477:Qatar
1457:Nepal
1402:Japan
1377:India
1367:China
1306:Sudan
1229:Libya
1224:Kenya
1204:Ghana
1194:Gabon
1174:Egypt
1159:Benin
1018:Xueta
963:Lemba
582:First
447:Zohar
351:Torah
333:Texts
320:Rabbi
310:Rites
210:names
64:2,800
4671:and
4669:Jews
4181:ISBN
4162:ISBN
4137:ISBN
4110:ISBN
4093:ISBN
4079:ISBN
4057:ISBN
4025:PMID
3987:PMID
3945:2018
3916:PMID
3892:via
3863:2018
3841:2018
3722:2018
3684:2013
3279:Lita
3156:The
3092:shin
3089:The
3018:and
2962:Kelm
2919:and
2815:and
2801:and
2762:Jews
2731:, a
2698:The
2692:and
2676:and
2634:(in
2605:Lite
2598:×××ע
2570:and
2548:Jews
1873:Guam
1868:Fiji
1823:Peru
1776:Cuba
1462:Oman
1432:Laos
1392:Iraq
1387:Iran
1344:Asia
1273:Igbo
1244:Mali
263:Brit
172:and
170:Jews
5664:God
4017:doi
3977:PMC
3969:doi
3906:PMC
3898:doi
3791:".
3424:ŽAS
3202:by
3134:),
3097:sin
2958:Mir
2789:or
2627:).
2087:Art
433:Tur
225:613
6324::
4231::
4221::
4121:,
4104:,
4031:.
4023:.
4011:.
3985:,
3975:,
3965:68
3963:,
3936:.
3914:.
3904:.
3886:75
3884:.
3880:.
3767:^
3713:.
3646:.
3529:lt
3516:lt
3503:lt
3484:lt
3465:lt
3446:lt
3418:lt
3396:lt
3377:lt
3312:.
3254:.
3168:.
3086:).
3084:ei
2988:.
2976:,
2972:,
2960:,
2956:,
2952:,
2915:,
2911:,
2907:,
2903:,
2899:,
2745:.
2680:.
2562:,
2558:,
2542::
2530::
2514:c.
700:,
694:,
664:,
660:,
656:,
652:,
164:on
148:,
144:,
140:,
136:,
132:,
5145:)
5141:(
4661:e
4654:t
4647:v
4277:e
4270:t
4263:v
4189:.
4170:.
4145:.
4063:.
4039:.
4019::
4013:9
3971::
3947:.
3922:.
3900::
3865:.
3843:.
3774:"
3724:.
3696:"
3686:.
3661:.
3632:.
3300:/
3225:)
3219:(
3214:)
3210:(
3196:.
3072:.
2756:(
2618:(
2538:(
2526:(
2519:.
2493:e
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2479:v
1327:)
1323:(
1275:)
1271:(
744:)
740:(
706:)
689:(
682:)
677:(
668:)
648:(
591:)
580:(
570:)
559:(
227:)
212:)
34:.
20:)
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