2999:
17:
2920:
2748:
7559:
5893:
7573:
3055:
47:
2472:. Historically, some Jewish groups have developed sentiments, traditions, and works of art and literature in opposition to Christianity; however, unlike Christian antisemitism, this Jewish anti-Christianity has generally been subtle and intended for the purpose of preserving the Jewish culture and way of life in the face of pressure to
2731:
is an annual party held on
Christmas Eve in many major cities throughout the United States and Canada, directed toward Jewish singles in their 20s and 30s. The event was created to give Jews something to do on a night when they might otherwise be lonely or not have anything to do. Attendees may go to
2946:
and increasing description of
Christmas as "universal" across the United States. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Christmas decorations and gift exchanges became increasingly popular in the United States, and rabbis were frustrated by many American Jews' incorporation of the same practices
2674:
reported in 2004 that their number of reservations more than tripled from thirty on a normal night to nearly a hundred on
Christmas—half of them Jewish. Another quipped that the year before, "I think we had the entire Jewish community here", with their 350-seat restaurant being completely booked on
2712:
Many reasons for the tradition have been offered, including the fact that
Chinese restaurants generally remain open on Christmas Day and that Chinese food rarely mixes meat and dairy, the latter of which is prohibited under kosher law. More broadly, the tradition symbolizes to many Jewish people a
2863:
Blending between the
Christmas and Hanukkah traditions has resulted in various traditions and items specific to Chrismukkah or to the interaction between Hanukkah and Christmas. Christmas trees are sometimes decorated with symbols representing Judaism or Hanukkah; such a tree may be dubbed a
3030:
view it as a Jewish counterpart to
Christmas. Data suggest that Hanukkah's close temporal proximity to Christmas is what drives its modern popularity in the United States, and that American Jews may use Hanukkah to provide an alternative to Christmas for their children. Some Jews and
2713:
rejection of historical
Christmas traditions and a feeling of commonality with those who are excluded from those traditions—neither Jewish nor Chinese people are intended to celebrate Christmas, and this tradition unites them in their "otherness" concerning the holiday.
2900:". These songs focus on the secular aspects of Christmas rather than the religious aspects, portraying Christmas as an American holiday. One writer observed that "the entire sound track of this holiday, with remarkably few exceptions" was written by Jews.
3611:
2989:
In the early 20th century, the holiday provided an opportunity for
American Jews and especially American Jewish women to "resolve the ambiguity of being an American Jew" and engage in Jewish practice during a season dominated by Christianity.
2732:
enjoy the dancing, find a short- or long-term partner, meet new people, hang out with friends, or because they would otherwise be lonely on
Christmas Eve. There are several similar competing events, such as "The Ball" and "Schmooz-a-Palooza."
4009:
2658:
helped start the tradition. The earliest documented instance of Jewish people dining in
Chinese restaurants dates to 1899, when the American Jewish Journal criticized Jews for eating in Chinese restaurants in violation of rabbinical
2467:
have historically interacted and intersected while remaining both theologically and emotionally distinct. Many Jews have historically been the religious minority in majority-Christian countries, and have experienced
3603:
96:
peoples have been historically religious minorities in countries that were majority or even officially Christian. Over time, a unique relationship evolved between the Jews and the major Christian holiday of
4099:
2698:
asked the judge during a rather tense exchange where she was on Christmas Day. Kagan replied, "You know, like all Jews, I was probably at a Chinese restaurant," causing the room to break into laughter.
1123:
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3642:
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and his family in Austria and saw that they were celebrating Christmas, GĂĽdemann convinced Herzl to remove the Christmas tree and celebrate Hanukkah instead. Herzl went on to write "
5144:
1701:
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688:
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responded by creating Hanukkah celebrations designed to appeal to Jewish children, incorporating singing, speeches, and other celebratory activities.
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Barbu, Daniel (2019). "Feeling Jewish: Emotions, identity, and the Jews' inverted Christmas". In Tarantino, Giovanni; Zika, Charles (eds.).
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16:
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released a joint statement condemning the idea as a "multicultural mess" which they stated was insulting to both Christians and Jews.
1837:
1787:
1752:
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1311:
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2986:", an essay which argued that Jewish rejection of Christmas and celebration of Hanukkah was a core component of Jewish self-respect.
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175:
2650:. The practice began as far back as the 19th century; the proximity of Jewish and Chinese American communities in
796:
109:, while others are merely lighthearted activities that are accessible when shops are closed around Christmastime.
60:
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will not feel deprived of trimming a tree" and that increased emphasis on Hanukkah was therefore not necessary.
2420:
2113:
1964:
1905:
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7314:
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1213:
693:
234:
27:
4628:
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3022:, traditionally a minor one, is considered important in the modern United States because it occurs during the
2974:
movement because of its depiction of Jewish strength, masculinity, and political victory. In 1896, when Rabbi
2955:, where the developing Jewish press expressed concern about this Jewish adoption of Christian customs. Rabbis
7436:
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7019:
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2254:
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2098:
2088:
1871:
1042:
984:
818:
497:
454:
169:
2967:, another rabbi, proposed that celebration of Hanukkah be moved to December 25 to coincide with Christmas.
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2002:
917:
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244:
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3819:
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708:
573:
562:
520:
2935:
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2510:
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771:
638:
541:
534:
464:
352:
227:
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781:
555:
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106:
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4325:
4313:
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4001:
3966:
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3869:
3838:
3666:"Holly Jolly Chrismukkah: Ever Notice That All the Best Christmas Songs Were Written by Jews?"
3093:
2612:
2393:
2335:
2315:
2132:
1692:
1331:
791:
662:
592:
469:
382:
249:
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6640:
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6433:
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2363:
2244:
2204:
2168:
1866:
1416:
927:
683:
587:
502:
392:
184:
5526:
3943:"Christmas in the Room: Gender, Conflict, and Compromise in Multi-Religious Domestic Space"
7273:
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7007:
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6811:
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4288:
3367:
3323:
3281:
3015:
2877:
2828:
2806:
2655:
2647:
2604:
2529:
2525:, the text was considered an important historical source by Jewish scribes and scholars.
2325:
2284:
2279:
2259:
2181:
2175:
2108:
2060:
1900:
1881:
1032:
761:
673:
656:
200:
4561:
4457:
6974:
147:
7577:
7552:
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7218:
7206:
7186:
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7058:
7051:
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6935:
6845:
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6759:
6697:
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6443:
6354:
6349:
6111:
6106:
6041:
5970:
5775:
5637:
5582:
5456:
5386:
5336:
5183:
4903:
4871:
4865:
4755:
4695:
4536:
4504:
4442:
4412:
4342:
3980:"The Ghost in the Privy: On the Origins of Nittel Nacht and Modes of Cultural Exchange"
3670:
3340:
3060:
3003:
2960:
2695:
2600:
2557:
2425:
2224:
2093:
2079:
1959:
1938:
1915:
1910:
1888:
1876:
1471:
952:
886:
851:
829:
766:
604:
582:
444:
423:
399:
165:
7593:
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6859:
6832:
6781:
6729:
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6246:
6192:
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6066:
5839:
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4231:
4183:
4095:
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2368:
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1501:
1027:
876:
871:
866:
856:
834:
786:
548:
387:
292:
254:
205:
3850:
2951:
were adopted by many German Jews in the 19th century; a number of whom emigrated to
2705:
credited the televised exchange as the moment where the tradition transformed "from
7326:
7123:
7085:
7046:
6635:
6379:
6318:
6298:
6258:
6241:
6209:
6197:
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5834:
5782:
5617:
5376:
4876:
4750:
4407:
4298:
4258:
4204:
4110:
3253:
2787:
2701:
2683:
2679:
2666:
Today, the tradition has spread from New York to Jewish people across America. One
2591:
2585:
2505:'The Book of the Generations/History/Life of Jesus'), a popular text among
2403:
2229:
2070:
2065:
2023:
1976:
1070:
937:
922:
881:
846:
459:
301:
89:
5864:
5541:
5536:
2786:
to refer to a combination of Christmas and Hanukkah. The term became popular, and
2607:
historically abstained from the study of Torah. This practice, which began in the
7336:
6851:
6776:
6754:
6657:
6251:
6180:
6175:
6163:
6153:
5874:
5849:
5770:
5750:
5745:
5719:
5672:
5652:
5602:
4983:
4770:
4710:
4690:
4650:
4645:
4566:
4516:
3904:
Feeling Exclusion: Religious Conflict, Exile and Emotions in Early Modern Europe
3508:
2880:, especially in the United States, were written by Jewish composers, including "
2769:
2759:
2548:
holiday if that name represents the idol in question as divine or sovereign. In
2388:
2330:
1995:
901:
896:
891:
861:
102:
4087:
4043:
7430:
7137:
6719:
6313:
6061:
5983:
5612:
5577:
5426:
4913:
4854:
4820:
4613:
4593:
4546:
4541:
4437:
4402:
4392:
4169:
4072:"New York Jews and Chinese Food: The Social Construction of an Ethnic Pattern"
3050:
2952:
2728:
2722:
2046:
1060:
989:
947:
776:
756:
315:
222:
142:
4051:
4005:
3970:
3915:
3883:
3842:
7351:
6816:
6707:
6618:
6236:
6170:
5854:
5642:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5597:
4923:
4556:
4551:
4526:
4482:
4422:
4273:
4149:
3907:
3481:
2939:
2924:
2651:
2624:
2209:
2194:
1284:
1232:
994:
942:
932:
613:
609:
599:
514:
274:
98:
6187:
5677:
4849:
2747:
2646:
A widespread Christmas tradition among Jewish Americans consists of eating
962:
46:
3859:
3035:
have objected to the increasing importance of the minor holiday, with the
2611:, was accompanied by various other traditions on the same night including
105:, among other convergences. Some practices perpetuate out of a feeling of
7070:
7012:
6957:
6952:
6623:
5868:
5859:
5813:
5657:
5531:
5431:
4928:
4882:
4623:
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4371:
3019:
2909:
2782:
2549:
2545:
2506:
2378:
1988:
1920:
751:
259:
210:
31:
3961:
3942:
2678:
The tradition has been the subject of many comedic routines, including "
101:, including the creation of separate traditions and the intersection of
7285:
7169:
7164:
7154:
7142:
6962:
6947:
6891:
6826:
6801:
6764:
6628:
6303:
6202:
6126:
6018:
5944:
5803:
5798:
5703:
5667:
5592:
5561:
4608:
4447:
4387:
4253:
2971:
2671:
2660:
2620:
2619:, and social gatherings. However, the practice was not accepted by the
2565:
which is also the etymological source of the French name for Christmas
2541:
2354:
2320:
2189:
1983:
972:
967:
839:
730:
625:
621:
617:
366:
361:
338:
320:
195:
190:
180:
158:
133:
3604:"Why Jews skipped Hanukkah and wrote the most beloved Christmas songs"
2627:, which maintained that Torah study should continue on Christmas Eve.
7356:
7223:
7159:
5808:
5765:
5755:
5391:
5269:
4765:
4735:
4521:
4467:
4248:
3040:
2706:
2616:
2518:
2014:
2009:
1969:
1954:
1065:
957:
377:
343:
329:
264:
93:
5909:
7307:
7302:
7256:
7211:
7132:
7127:
6391:
6146:
6116:
5607:
4293:
3446:"What It's Like to Attend a Jewish Singles Dance on Christmas Eve"
3032:
2997:
2918:
2746:
977:
406:
310:
279:
15:
7406:
5940:
5829:
5493:
4211:
129:
5913:
4122:
3572:"Celebrating Chrismukkah: Shalom stockings and Hanukkah bushes"
3576:
40:
30:. For the Jewish holiday sometimes compared to Christmas, see
4118:
3542:[To each their own Hanukkah: David, 30 years old].
3213:
3211:
3813:
Abramitzky, Ran; Einav, Liran; Rigbi, Oren (2010-06-01).
3570:
Zdanowicz, Christina; Grinberg, Emanuella (2012-12-14).
3511:[Weihnukka. Stories of Christmas and Hanukkah].
3174:
3172:
3100:
The Latke Who Couldn't Stop Screaming: A Christmas Story
3707:
3705:
3545:
Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France
3368:"Chinese food: The roots of a Jewish holiday tradition"
3282:"Chinese food: The roots of a Jewish holiday tradition"
3147:
3145:
3006:, with a Christmas tree visible in the background, at
3509:"Weihnukka. Geschichten von Weihnachten und Chanukka"
3396:"Dec. 24 is time to party at Mazelpalooza, Matzoball"
3783:
3771:
2493:
1993:
1974:
397:
26:
For relations between Judaism and Christianity, see
7372:
7237:
7109:
6983:
6877:
6408:
6097:
6027:
5969:
5822:
5791:
5738:
5712:
5691:
5570:
5515:
5502:
5300:
5195:
5106:
4937:
4659:
4580:
4491:
4368:
4222:
2942:of the Hanukkah story as a model for resistance to
2692:
Supreme Court confirmation hearings for Elena Kagan
2595:is a term used in historical Jewish literature for
3635:"Why so many Christmas songs were written by Jews"
3249:"Why American Jews Eat Chinese Food on Christmas"
3415:"Dec. 24 Becomes Party Night for Jewish Singles"
3039:arguing in 1990 that "any child who has built a
2642:Jewish-American patronage of Chinese restaurants
23:Interaction between Jews and a Christian holiday
3316:Grossman, Ron; Yates, Jon (December 24, 2004).
7620:Christianity and Judaism related controversies
2521:. While it was not accepted within mainstream
5925:
4134:
3353:
2445:
8:
4031:The Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy
3540:"A chacun son Hanoucca : David, 30 ans"
2844:
2838:
2832:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2566:
2552:Jewish texts, the holiday is referred to as
7414:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
2904:Relationship between Hanukkah and Christmas
2780:, was coined in a December 2003 episode of
2560:
2500:
689:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
6094:
5932:
5918:
5910:
5512:
4141:
4127:
4119:
2452:
2438:
2302:
1943:
1016:
823:
428:
297:
116:
3960:
3832:
3217:
2910:Hanukkah § Relationship to Christmas
2544:prohibition of mentioning the name of an
5961:Index of Jewish history-related articles
4070:Tuchman, Gaye; Levine, Harry G. (1992).
2894:It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year
71:of all important aspects of the article.
7460:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
3444:Orenstein, Hannah (December 28, 2015).
3229:
3202:
3190:
3178:
3117:
3037:Women's League for Conservative Judaism
2470:antisemitism based in Christian beliefs
2353:
2305:
2131:
2078:
2045:
2022:
1946:
1812:
1700:
1674:
1509:
1303:
1078:
1050:
909:
743:
672:
572:
487:
431:
351:
328:
300:
128:
3815:"Is Hanukkah Responsive to Christmas?"
3795:
3759:
3747:
3735:
3723:
3711:
3696:
3678:from the original on December 19, 2021
3645:from the original on December 19, 2021
3456:from the original on December 22, 2021
3425:from the original on December 20, 2016
3331:from the original on December 18, 2021
3311:
3309:
3261:from the original on December 18, 2021
67:Please consider expanding the lead to
5471:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
3633:Crawford, Trish (November 30, 2014).
3614:from the original on December 2, 2016
3413:Gresko, Jessica (December 24, 2006).
3294:from the original on January 28, 2021
3242:
3240:
3238:
3163:
3151:
3136:
3124:
7:
3602:Markoe, Lauren (December 11, 2014).
3247:Chandler, Adam (December 23, 2014).
2947:into their celebration of Hanukkah.
3394:Hwang, Kellie (December 18, 2014).
3318:"For Jews, Chinese is food du jour"
2486:
7407:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
7387:American Jewish Historical Society
3784:Abramitzky, Einav & Rigbi 2010
3772:Abramitzky, Einav & Rigbi 2010
3664:Yaeger, Lynn (December 15, 2014).
3366:Wong, Ashley (December 13, 2020).
3280:Wong, Ashley (December 13, 2020).
2479:One example of this phenomenon is
14:
3477:"Have a merry little Chrismukkah"
2599:. On this night, segments of the
480:Historical population comparisons
7571:
7558:
7557:
5892:
5891:
5347:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
5242:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
3998:10.1628/094457013X13814862384351
3834:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2009.02305.x
3475:McCarthy, Michael (2004-12-16).
3053:
1124:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1038:Historical population by country
45:
4102:from the original on 2021-12-18
4058:from the original on 2021-12-18
4012:from the original on 2021-12-27
3941:Mehta, Samira K. (2020-06-09).
3890:from the original on 2021-12-27
3584:from the original on 2021-12-18
3552:from the original on 2021-12-18
3521:from the original on 2021-12-17
3489:from the original on 2020-06-01
2872:Christmas songs written by Jews
2736:Jewish celebration of Christmas
59:may be too short to adequately
7479:Relations with other religions
5327:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
5256:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
4639:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
4418:Legend of the Christmas Spider
4026:"Torah Study on Christmas Eve"
3861:Hanukkah in America: A History
2898:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
2575:Jewish activities on Christmas
69:provide an accessible overview
1:
7466:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
5278:Christmas television specials
5177:The New Oxford Book of Carols
4264:Annunciation to the shepherds
2515:Christian mythology of Christ
2476:into the Christian religion.
695:Christianity and Judaism
7397:Leo Baeck Institute New York
7392:American Sephardi Federation
5332:Christmas and holiday season
3074:Christmas and holiday season
3024:Christmas and holiday season
2970:Hanukkah was adopted by the
6220:Constantinopolitan Karaites
3978:Scharbach, Rebecca (2013).
2949:German Christmas traditions
2603:community and specifically
2494:
1994:
1975:
1702:Latin America and Caribbean
398:
7636:
7448:National Library of Israel
6089:Zionism, race and genetics
4244:Adoration of the Shepherds
4088:10.1177/089124193022003005
4044:10.1163/147728599794761635
2923:Artist's depiction of the
2907:
2856:
2757:
2720:
2639:
2583:
2307:Jewish political movements
2004:Conversion to Judaism
88:Throughout the history of
25:
7546:
7402:Yeshiva University Museum
7382:Center for Jewish History
5951:
5887:
5488:WWE Tribute to the Troops
5249:A Visit from St. Nicholas
5170:The Oxford Book of Carols
4746:Feast of the Seven Fishes
4309:Massacre of the Innocents
4158:
3866:New York University Press
3548:(in French). 2018-12-07.
3354:Tuchman & Levine 1992
2694:, South Carolina Senator
710:Hinduism and Judaism
34:. For the 1913 film, see
7600:Christianity and Judaism
5994:Ancient Israel and Judah
5290:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
4076:Contemporary Ethnography
3985:Jewish Studies Quarterly
3916:10.4324/9780429354335-11
3069:Christianity and Judaism
2800:New York Board of Rabbis
2465:Judaism and Christianity
536:Temple in Jerusalem
229:Bar and bat mitzvah
28:Christianity and Judaism
6370:North African Sephardim
6343:Jewish tribes of Arabia
5452:Small Business Saturday
5322:Black Friday (shopping)
5317:Black Friday (partying)
4811:Nine Lessons and Carols
4741:Events and celebrations
3858:Ashton, Dianne (2013).
3514:JĂĽdisches Museum Berlin
3079:Christmas controversies
2915:Historical relationship
2864:"Chrismukkah tree" or "
2709:into codified custom".
2513:Jews which attacks the
498:Twelve Tribes of Israel
7473:Holocaust Encyclopedia
7443:Jewish Virtual Library
5096:Post-War United States
4024:Shapiro, Marc (1999).
3011:
2965:Solomon H. Sonneschein
2927:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2823:
2817:
2815:, is a portmanteau of
2811:
2790:began selling related
2755:
2567:
2561:
2540:, in adherence to the
103:Hanukkah and Christmas
20:
7420:Encyclopaedia Judaica
7202:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
6387:Sephardic Bnei Anusim
6137:Udmurt and Tatar Jews
5145:Hit singles in the US
5140:Hit singles in the UK
4701:Carols by Candlelight
4629:Santa Claus' daughter
4237:Adoration of the Magi
3001:
2922:
2857:Further information:
2750:
1244:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1239:Republic of the Congo
633:Second Temple Judaism
504:Kingdom of Judah
475:Modern historiography
19:
7610:Christmas traditions
5999:Second Temple period
5437:Santa's Candy Castle
4761:Google Santa Tracker
3910:. pp. 185–206.
3820:The Economic Journal
3400:The Arizona Republic
3010:on December 11, 2020
2853:Traditions and items
2682:" comedians such as
2631:In the United States
2346:World Agudath Israel
1487:United Arab Emirates
574:Second Temple period
564:Babylonian captivity
7437:Jewish Encyclopedia
7182:Hekhalot literature
6993:Religious movements
6528:Judeo-Tripolitanian
5442:Santa Claus Village
5357:Christmas Mountains
5263:Journey of the Magi
4269:Baptism of the Lord
3962:10.3390/rel11060281
3517:(in German). 2005.
3084:Christmas in Israel
2994:Modern relationship
2944:Jewish assimilation
2609:early modern period
2556:, derived from the
2538:rabbinic literature
2536:does not appear in
2495:Sefer Toledot Yeshu
639:Hellenistic Judaism
217:Land of Israel
176:Principles of faith
36:The Jew's Christmas
7578:Judaism portal
7514:Jews and Halloween
7509:Jews and Christmas
6899:Rabbinic authority
6651:Judaeo-Piedmontese
6084:Xueta Christianity
5989:Origins of Judaism
5956:Outline of Judaism
5552:Twelve-dish supper
5402:Jews and Christmas
5352:Christmas Lectures
5081:American Civil War
4816:NORAD Tracks Santa
4192:Saint Nicholas Day
3373:The Sacramento Bee
3287:The Sacramento Bee
3089:Jews and Halloween
3012:
2932:American Civil War
2928:
2886:The Christmas Song
2805:A similar term in
2756:
2200:Jewish Koine Greek
1742:Dominican Republic
1023:Judaism by country
702:Jews and Christmas
557:Assyrian captivity
21:
7605:Jewish secularism
7587:
7586:
7553:extinct languages
7454:YIVO Encyclopedia
7229:Hebrew literature
7197:Sefer HaEtz Chaim
7037:Reconstructionist
6715:Judaeo-Portuguese
6404:
6403:
6360:Eastern Sephardim
6004:Synagogal Judaism
5907:
5906:
5883:
5882:
5547:Thirteen desserts
5467:Virginia O'Hanlon
5312:Advent Conspiracy
5226:Films (Christmas,
5218:A Christmas Carol
5163:Carols for Choirs
4706:Cavalcade of Magi
4686:Boar's Head Feast
4355:Star of Bethlehem
4326:Nativity of Jesus
4314:flight into Egypt
4199:St. Stephen's Day
3875:978-1-4798-1971-3
3094:The Chanukah Song
2615:, consumption of
2613:sexual abstinence
2504:
2492:
2462:
2461:
2411:
2410:
2159:
2158:
1906:Reconstructionist
1850:
1849:
1002:
1001:
809:
808:
646:Jewish–Roman wars
594:Hasmonean dynasty
510:Kingdom of Israel
414:
413:
86:
85:
7627:
7576:
7575:
7574:
7561:
7560:
6693:Judeo-Golpaygani
6294:Palestinian Jews
6269:Alexandrian Jews
6225:Crimean Karaites
6142:Unterlander Jews
6095:
6009:Rabbinic Judaism
5934:
5927:
5920:
5911:
5899:
5895:
5894:
5730:Redcurrant sauce
5519:
5513:
5508:
5482:Winter festivals
5232:Christmas horror
5199:
5110:
4941:
4796:Meals and feasts
4716:Christmas jumper
4663:
4634:Santa's reindeer
4586:
4532:Father Christmas
4496:
4453:Santa's workshop
4374:
4336:in later culture
4214:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4152:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4120:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4020:
4018:
4017:
3974:
3964:
3937:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3854:
3836:
3827:(545): 612–630.
3799:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3751:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3726:, p. 78–79.
3721:
3715:
3709:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3639:The Toronto Star
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3338:
3336:
3313:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3244:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3056:
2957:Isaac Mayer Wise
2848:
2842:
2836:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2601:Ashkenazi Jewish
2570:
2564:
2523:Rabbinic Judaism
2502:
2499:
2497:
2491:romanized:
2490:
2488:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2303:
2184:
2005:
1999:
1980:
1944:
1891:
1838:New Zealand
1790:
1753:El Salvador
1743:
1675:Northern America
1667:
1261:
1017:
928:Crimean Karaites
824:
802:
800:
721:
719:
711:
705:
696:
684:Rabbinic Judaism
665:
659:
653:
641:
629:
595:
588:Maccabean Revolt
565:
558:
552:
544:
537:
531:
523:
505:
429:
403:
298:
230:
218:
117:
81:
78:
72:
49:
41:
7635:
7634:
7630:
7629:
7628:
7626:
7625:
7624:
7590:
7589:
7588:
7583:
7572:
7570:
7542:
7368:
7233:
7105:
6979:
6873:
6688:Judeo-Borujerdi
6663:Judeo-Malayalam
6609:Judeo-Aragonese
6580:Lishanid Noshan
6412:
6400:
6132:Oberlander Jews
6093:
6023:
5965:
5947:
5938:
5908:
5903:
5897:
5879:
5845:Pickled herring
5818:
5787:
5734:
5725:Cranberry sauce
5708:
5687:
5663:Red velvet cake
5648:Poppy seed roll
5566:
5517:
5506:
5504:
5498:
5477:White Christmas
5367:Christmas truce
5362:Christmas seals
5342:Christmas creep
5304:
5302:
5296:
5197:
5191:
5108:
5102:
4939:
4933:
4786:Lord of Misrule
4721:Christmas Peace
4671:Advent calendar
4661:
4655:
4604:Knecht Ruprecht
4584:
4582:
4576:
4498:
4494:
4487:
4376:
4372:
4364:
4289:Herod the Great
4224:
4218:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4117:
4105:
4103:
4069:
4061:
4059:
4023:
4015:
4013:
3977:
3940:
3926:
3901:
3893:
3891:
3876:
3857:
3812:
3808:
3803:
3802:
3794:
3790:
3782:
3778:
3770:
3766:
3758:
3754:
3746:
3742:
3734:
3730:
3722:
3718:
3710:
3703:
3695:
3691:
3681:
3679:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3617:
3615:
3608:Washington Post
3601:
3600:
3596:
3587:
3585:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3555:
3553:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3524:
3522:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3492:
3490:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3459:
3457:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3428:
3426:
3419:Washington Post
3412:
3411:
3407:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3378:
3376:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3352:
3348:
3334:
3332:
3324:Chicago Tribune
3315:
3314:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3264:
3262:
3246:
3245:
3236:
3228:
3224:
3216:
3209:
3201:
3197:
3189:
3185:
3177:
3170:
3162:
3158:
3150:
3143:
3135:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3059:
3054:
3052:
3049:
2996:
2976:Moritz GĂĽdemann
2917:
2912:
2906:
2882:White Christmas
2878:Christmas songs
2874:
2861:
2855:
2796:Catholic League
2762:
2745:
2738:
2725:
2719:
2656:Lower East Side
2648:Chinese cuisine
2644:
2638:
2633:
2588:
2582:
2577:
2530:Marc B. Shapiro
2458:
2413:
2412:
2300:
2290:
2289:
2280:Judeo-Malayalam
2260:Judaeo-Georgian
2180:
2171:
2161:
2160:
2061:Yiddish theatre
2003:
1941:
1931:
1930:
1889:
1862:
1852:
1851:
1788:
1741:
1665:
1259:
1043:Genetic studies
1014:
1004:
1003:
821:
811:
810:
798:
797:
717:
716:
709:
699:
694:
676:and Middle Ages
674:Rabbinic period
661:
655:
648:
636:
607:
593:
563:
556:
547:
539:
535:
526:
521:in Judaism
518:
503:
426:
416:
415:
295:
285:
284:
228:
216:
161:
115:
82:
76:
73:
66:
54:This article's
50:
39:
24:
12:
11:
5:
7633:
7631:
7623:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7592:
7591:
7585:
7584:
7582:
7581:
7567:
7547:
7544:
7543:
7541:
7540:
7539:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7520:non-Christian
7518:
7517:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7476:
7469:
7462:
7457:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7416:
7411:
7410:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7378:
7376:
7370:
7369:
7367:
7366:
7361:
7360:
7359:
7354:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7323:
7322:
7312:
7311:
7310:
7305:
7295:
7290:
7289:
7288:
7278:
7277:
7276:
7266:
7261:
7260:
7259:
7254:
7243:
7241:
7235:
7234:
7232:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7219:Shulchan Aruch
7216:
7215:
7214:
7209:
7207:Sefer Yetzirah
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7187:Pardes Rimonim
7184:
7177:Kabbalah texts
7174:
7173:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7147:
7146:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7121:
7115:
7113:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7067:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7055:
7054:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7023:
7022:
7017:
7016:
7015:
7010:
6989:
6987:
6981:
6980:
6978:
6977:
6972:
6970:Land of Israel
6967:
6966:
6965:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6944:
6943:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6922:
6921:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6895:
6894:
6883:
6881:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6871:
6866:
6865:
6864:
6863:
6862:
6857:
6856:
6855:
6848:
6846:Judeo-Alsatian
6838:
6837:
6836:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6767:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6711:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6698:Judeo-Hamedani
6695:
6690:
6685:
6675:
6673:Judaeo-Occitan
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6654:
6653:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6632:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6614:Jewish English
6611:
6606:
6605:
6604:
6603:
6602:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6545:Judaeo-Aramaic
6542:
6541:
6540:
6535:
6533:Judeo-Tunisian
6530:
6525:
6523:Judeo-Moroccan
6520:
6519:
6518:
6516:Judeo-Baghdadi
6503:
6498:
6493:
6492:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6420:
6418:
6406:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6395:
6394:
6384:
6383:
6382:
6372:
6367:
6365:Livornese Jews
6362:
6352:
6347:
6346:
6345:
6335:
6334:
6333:
6332:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6256:
6255:
6254:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6228:
6227:
6222:
6212:
6207:
6206:
6205:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6178:
6168:
6167:
6166:
6161:
6151:
6150:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6112:Afrikaner-Jode
6103:
6101:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6080:
6079:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6033:
6031:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5975:
5973:
5967:
5966:
5964:
5963:
5958:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5939:
5937:
5936:
5929:
5922:
5914:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5901:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5872:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5826:
5824:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5795:
5793:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5780:
5779:
5778:
5776:Smoking Bishop
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5742:
5740:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5701:
5695:
5693:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5574:
5572:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5523:
5521:
5510:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5464:
5459:
5457:Super Saturday
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5387:Giving Tuesday
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5337:Christmas club
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5308:
5306:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5266:
5259:
5252:
5245:
5235:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5214:
5203:
5201:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5184:Piae Cantiones
5180:
5173:
5166:
5156:
5150:Music charts (
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5114:
5112:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4945:
4943:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4835:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4667:
4665:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4619:Père Fouettard
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4585:Saint Nicholas
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4537:Grandpa Indian
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4513:
4512:
4505:Saint Nicholas
4501:
4499:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4443:Old Man Winter
4440:
4435:
4430:
4428:Miner's figure
4425:
4420:
4415:
4413:Kallikantzaros
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4343:Nativity scene
4340:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4323:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4228:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4178:Children's Day
4174:
4167:
4164:Blue Christmas
4159:
4156:
4155:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4123:
4116:
4115:
4067:
4038:(2): 319–353.
4021:
3975:
3938:
3924:
3899:
3874:
3855:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3788:
3786:, p. 629.
3776:
3774:, p. 614.
3764:
3752:
3740:
3728:
3716:
3701:
3689:
3671:Vogue Magazine
3656:
3625:
3594:
3562:
3531:
3500:
3467:
3436:
3405:
3386:
3358:
3346:
3341:Newspapers.com
3305:
3272:
3234:
3232:, p. 322.
3222:
3220:, p. 340.
3218:Scharbach 2013
3207:
3205:, p. 321.
3195:
3193:, p. 320.
3183:
3181:, p. 319.
3168:
3166:, p. 188.
3156:
3154:, p. 187.
3141:
3129:
3127:, p. 186.
3116:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3061:Judaism portal
3048:
3045:
3016:Jewish holiday
3004:public menorah
2995:
2992:
2961:Max Lilienthal
2936:Keyam Dishmaya
2916:
2913:
2908:Main article:
2905:
2902:
2873:
2870:
2854:
2851:
2758:Main article:
2744:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2721:Main article:
2718:
2715:
2696:Lindsey Graham
2670:restaurant in
2640:Main article:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2584:Main article:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2562:Natale Dominus
2558:Medieval Latin
2487:ספר תולדות ישו
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2409:
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2407:
2406:
2401:
2396:
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2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2358:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2341:Territorialism
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2310:
2309:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2225:Judaeo-Spanish
2222:
2220:Judaeo-Iranian
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2027:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2000:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
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1879:
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1863:
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1810:
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1676:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1666:United Kingdom
1662:
1657:
1652:
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1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
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1532:
1527:
1522:
1514:
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1507:
1506:
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1499:
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1474:
1469:
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1439:
1434:
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1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1278:
1273:
1268:
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1256:
1251:
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1206:
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1196:
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1171:
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1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1099:Bilad-el-Sudan
1096:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1055:
1054:
1052:Land of Israel
1048:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1000:
999:
998:
997:
992:
987:
982:
981:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
912:
911:
910:Related groups
907:
906:
905:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
843:
842:
837:
822:
817:
816:
813:
812:
807:
806:
805:
804:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
767:Jewish atheism
764:
759:
754:
746:
745:
741:
740:
739:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:Islamic–Jewish
713:
706:
691:
686:
678:
677:
670:
669:
668:
667:
643:
630:
602:
597:
590:
585:
583:Yehud Medinata
577:
576:
570:
569:
568:
567:
560:
553:
545:
532:
524:
512:
507:
500:
492:
491:
489:Ancient Israel
485:
484:
483:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
445:Land of Israel
442:
434:
433:
427:
422:
421:
418:
417:
412:
411:
410:
409:
404:
400:Shulchan Aruch
395:
390:
385:
380:
372:
371:
370:
369:
364:
356:
355:
349:
348:
347:
346:
341:
333:
332:
326:
325:
324:
323:
318:
313:
305:
304:
296:
291:
290:
287:
286:
283:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
225:
220:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
178:
173:
166:God in Judaism
162:
157:
156:
153:
152:
151:
150:
145:
137:
136:
126:
125:
114:
111:
84:
83:
63:the key points
53:
51:
44:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7632:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7580:
7579:
7568:
7566:
7565:
7556:
7555:
7554:
7550:
7545:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7521:
7519:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7504:Protestantism
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7486:
7485:
7482:
7481:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7474:
7470:
7468:
7467:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7455:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7438:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7421:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7384:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7377:
7375:
7371:
7365:
7362:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7349:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7321:
7318:
7317:
7316:
7313:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7300:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7287:
7284:
7283:
7282:
7279:
7275:
7272:
7271:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7248:
7245:
7244:
7242:
7240:
7236:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7192:Sefer HaBahir
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7179:
7178:
7175:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7152:
7151:
7148:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7130:
7129:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7119:Sifrei Kodesh
7117:
7116:
7114:
7112:
7108:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7053:
7050:
7049:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7021:
7018:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7005:
7004:
7001:
7000:
6999:
6996:
6995:
6994:
6991:
6990:
6988:
6986:
6982:
6976:
6975:Who is a Jew?
6973:
6971:
6968:
6964:
6961:
6960:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6942:
6939:
6938:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6904:Chosen people
6902:
6900:
6897:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6888:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6880:
6876:
6870:
6867:
6861:
6860:Scots-Yiddish
6858:
6854:
6853:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6842:
6839:
6835:
6834:
6833:Klezmer-loshn
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6813:
6810:
6809:
6808:
6805:
6804:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6762:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6703:Judeo-Shirazi
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6680:
6679:
6678:Judeo-Persian
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6668:Judeo-Marathi
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6652:
6649:
6648:
6647:
6646:Judeo-Italian
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6601:
6598:
6597:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6547:
6546:
6543:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6517:
6514:
6513:
6512:
6509:
6508:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6501:Judeo-Amazigh
6499:
6497:
6494:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6426:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6411:
6407:
6393:
6390:
6389:
6388:
6385:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6339:
6336:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6324:Hadhrami Jews
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6289:Mountain Jews
6287:
6285:
6284:Egyptian Jews
6282:
6280:
6279:Bukharan Jews
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6260:
6257:
6253:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6172:
6169:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6155:
6152:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6100:
6096:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6078:
6075:
6074:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6067:Lists of Jews
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6030:
6026:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5972:
5968:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5935:
5930:
5928:
5923:
5921:
5916:
5915:
5912:
5900:
5890:
5889:
5886:
5876:
5873:
5870:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5823:Meat and fish
5821:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5790:
5784:
5781:
5777:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5761:Hot chocolate
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5737:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5711:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5690:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5501:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5462:Ugly sweaters
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5372:Controversies
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5299:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5276:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5257:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5230:
5227:
5224:
5220:
5219:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5207:In literature
5205:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5194:
5186:
5185:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5105:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5076:United States
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4936:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4806:Moravian star
4804:
4802:
4801:Midnight Mass
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4691:Candle arches
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4681:Advent wreath
4679:
4677:
4676:Advent candle
4674:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4658:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4583:Companions of
4579:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:Gift-bringers
4490:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4367:
4361:
4360:Twelfth Night
4358:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4321:Nativity Fast
4319:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4279:Christmastide
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4254:Angel Gabriel
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4232:Biblical Magi
4230:
4229:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4210:
4208:
4203:
4201:
4196:
4194:
4189:
4187:
4185:Christmas Eve
4182:
4180:
4175:
4173:
4168:
4166:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4153:
4144:
4139:
4137:
4132:
4130:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4112:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4068:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3925:9780429354335
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3797:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3780:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3753:
3750:, p. 70.
3749:
3744:
3741:
3738:, p. 83.
3737:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3720:
3717:
3714:, p. 69.
3713:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3699:, p. 64.
3698:
3693:
3690:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3660:
3657:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3629:
3626:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3598:
3595:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3566:
3563:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3532:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3471:
3468:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3440:
3437:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3409:
3406:
3401:
3397:
3390:
3387:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3347:
3342:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3319:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3276:
3273:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3121:
3118:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3051:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3028:American Jews
3025:
3021:
3017:
3009:
3008:Pariser Platz
3005:
3000:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2980:Theodor Herzl
2977:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2934:, the men of
2933:
2926:
2921:
2914:
2911:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2876:Many popular
2871:
2869:
2867:
2866:Hanukkah bush
2860:
2859:Hanukkah bush
2852:
2850:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2754:
2753:Hanukkah bush
2749:
2743:
2740:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2724:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2688:Buddy Hackett
2685:
2681:
2676:
2675:December 25.
2673:
2669:
2664:
2663:regulations.
2662:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2597:Christmas Eve
2594:
2593:
2587:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2528:According to
2526:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2496:
2484:
2483:
2482:Toledot Yeshu
2477:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2265:Judeo-Aramaic
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2255:Judeo-Italian
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:GhardaĂŻa Sign
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1860:Denominations
1856:
1855:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
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1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
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1707:
1706:
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1699:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1688:United States
1686:
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1673:
1668:
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1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1174:Guinea-Bissau
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
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1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
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1100:
1097:
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1077:
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1058:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1028:Lists of Jews
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1007:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
955:
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951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
914:
913:
908:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
831:
828:
827:
826:
825:
820:
815:
814:
803:
795:
793:
790:
788:
787:The Holocaust
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
748:
747:
742:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
714:
712:
707:
703:
697:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
681:
680:
679:
675:
671:
664:
658:
652:
647:
644:
640:
634:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
579:
578:
575:
571:
566:
561:
559:
554:
550:
546:
543:
538:
533:
529:
525:
522:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
501:
499:
496:
495:
494:
493:
490:
486:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
436:
435:
430:
425:
420:
419:
408:
405:
402:
401:
396:
394:
391:
389:
388:Mishneh Torah
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
374:
373:
368:
365:
363:
360:
359:
358:
357:
354:
350:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
335:
334:
331:
327:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
307:
306:
303:
299:
294:
289:
288:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
226:
224:
221:
219:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
186:
182:
179:
177:
174:
171:
167:
164:
163:
160:
155:
154:
149:
148:Who is a Jew?
146:
144:
141:
140:
139:
138:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
118:
112:
110:
108:
104:
100:
95:
91:
80:
70:
64:
62:
57:
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
29:
18:
7569:
7562:
7548:
7508:
7471:
7464:
7452:
7435:
7418:
7252:perspectives
7086:Samaritanism
7047:Neo-Hasidism
7027:Conservative
6941:Names of God
6850:
6831:
6641:Judaeo-Greek
6636:Judeo-Gascon
6575:Lishán Didán
6570:Lishana Deni
6538:Judeo-Yemeni
6506:Judeo-Arabic
6380:Meshuchrarim
6299:Persian Jews
6232:Kurdish Jews
6210:Kaifeng Jews
6159:Beta Abraham
6122:Galitzianers
6077:Antisemitism
6052:Israeli Jews
6037:Assimilation
5835:Gefilte fish
5783:Ponche crema
5618:Melomakarono
5486:
5401:
5377:Cyber Monday
5282:
5247:
5216:
5182:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5158:Music books
5151:
4989:Nazi Germany
4881:
4877:Secret Santa
4864:
4751:Flying Santa
4458:TiĂł de Nadal
4408:Korvatunturi
4259:Annunciation
4225:Christianity
4206:Sol Invictus
4111:ResearchGate
4109:– via
4104:. Retrieved
4079:
4075:
4060:. Retrieved
4035:
4029:
4014:. Retrieved
3989:
3983:
3952:
3946:
3903:
3892:. Retrieved
3864:. New York:
3860:
3824:
3818:
3798:, p. 7.
3791:
3779:
3767:
3762:, p. 4.
3755:
3743:
3731:
3719:
3692:
3682:December 19,
3680:. Retrieved
3669:
3659:
3649:December 19,
3647:. Retrieved
3638:
3628:
3618:December 19,
3616:. Retrieved
3607:
3597:
3586:. Retrieved
3575:
3565:
3554:. Retrieved
3543:
3534:
3523:. Retrieved
3512:
3503:
3493:December 17,
3491:. Retrieved
3480:
3470:
3460:December 22,
3458:. Retrieved
3450:Cosmopolitan
3449:
3439:
3429:December 22,
3427:. Retrieved
3418:
3408:
3399:
3389:
3379:December 20,
3377:. Retrieved
3371:
3361:
3356:, p. 2.
3349:
3339:– via
3335:December 17,
3333:. Retrieved
3321:
3298:December 20,
3296:. Retrieved
3285:
3275:
3265:December 17,
3263:. Retrieved
3254:The Atlantic
3252:
3230:Shapiro 1999
3225:
3203:Shapiro 1999
3198:
3191:Shapiro 1999
3186:
3179:Shapiro 1999
3159:
3139:, p. 3.
3132:
3120:
3099:
3013:
2988:
2969:
2929:
2875:
2862:
2804:
2788:Warner Bros.
2781:
2777:
2773:
2765:
2763:
2741:
2726:
2711:
2702:The Atlantic
2700:
2684:Jackie Mason
2680:Borscht Belt
2677:
2665:
2645:
2636:Chinese food
2605:Hasidic Jews
2592:Nittel Nacht
2590:
2589:
2586:Nittel Nacht
2580:Nittel Nacht
2553:
2533:
2527:
2511:early modern
2480:
2478:
2463:
2404:Post-Zionism
2275:Judeo-Berber
2270:Judeo-Arabic
2230:Judeo-Gascon
1977:Pidyon haben
1896:Conservative
1442:Saudi Arabia
1260:South Africa
1249:Sierra Leone
1071:Israeli Jews
985:Mosaic Arabs
938:Kaifeng Jews
799:Arab–Israeli
772:Emancipation
701:
651:Great Revolt
460:Anti-Judaism
455:Antisemitism
450:Name "Judea"
245:Baal teshuva
90:Christianity
87:
77:January 2022
74:
58:
56:lead section
7494:Catholicism
7076:Hellenistic
6914:Eschatology
6852:Lachoudisch
6777:Lotegorisch
6755:Lachoudisch
6745:Koiné Greek
6658:Judeo-Latin
6595:Palestinian
6489:Palestinian
6338:MustaĘżravim
6264:Afghan Jews
6252:Berber Jews
6176:Bene Israel
6164:Falash Mura
6154:Beta Israel
6072:Persecution
6014:Middle Ages
5850:Roast goose
5771:Mulled wine
5751:Champurrado
5746:Apple cider
5720:Bread sauce
5673:Szaloncukor
5653:Pumpkin pie
5603:Gingerbread
5557:Smörgåsbord
5198:Other media
5036:Philippines
5026:New Zealand
4909:Twelve Days
4866:Räuchermann
4821:Nutcrackers
4771:Las Posadas
4731:Decorations
4711:Christingle
4651:Zwarte Piet
4646:Snegurochka
4567:Sinterklaas
4517:Santa Claus
4082:: 382–407.
3806:Works cited
3796:Ashton 2013
3760:Ashton 2013
3748:Ashton 2013
3736:Ashton 2013
3724:Ashton 2013
3712:Ashton 2013
3697:Ashton 2013
2984:The Menorah
2938:viewed the
2930:During the
2890:Let It Snow
2818:Weihnachten
2792:merchandise
2770:portmanteau
2766:Chrismukkah
2760:Chrismukkah
2742:Chrismukkah
2532:, the word
2399:Revisionist
2389:Neo-Zionism
1996:Zeved habat
1789:Puerto Rico
1615:Netherlands
1447:South Korea
1432:Philippines
1312:Afghanistan
1179:Ivory Coast
953:Crypto-Jews
918:Bnei Anusim
897:Bene Israel
862:Beta Israel
819:Communities
726:Middle Ages
465:Persecution
240:Bereavement
7594:Categories
7489:Anabaptism
7431:Jew (word)
7298:Leadership
7111:Literature
7096:Secularism
7042:Humanistic
6909:Conversion
6879:Philosophy
6720:Judeo-Urdu
6484:Babylonian
6329:Saada Jews
6314:Adeni Jews
6107:Ashkenazim
6062:Samaritans
6029:Population
5984:Israelites
5578:Candy cane
5527:Joulupöytä
5427:Pikkujoulu
5091:New Mexico
4940:By country
4914:Wassailing
4855:Poinsettia
4662:Traditions
4614:Mrs. Claus
4594:Belsnickel
4547:Julemanden
4542:Joulupukki
4473:Wenceslaus
4438:North Pole
4403:Jack Frost
4393:Christkind
4348:Neapolitan
4171:Boxing Day
4106:2021-12-18
4062:2021-12-18
4016:2021-12-18
3992:(4): 340.
3955:(6): 281.
3894:2021-12-17
3588:2021-12-18
3556:2021-12-18
3525:2021-12-17
3164:Barbu 2019
3152:Barbu 2019
3137:Mehta 2020
3125:Barbu 2019
3107:References
2953:Cincinnati
2729:Matzo Ball
2723:Matzo Ball
2717:Matzo Ball
2546:idolatrous
2474:assimilate
2384:Maximalism
2336:Secularism
2316:Autonomism
2133:Literature
1926:Humanistic
1530:Azerbaijan
1492:Uzbekistan
1467:Tajikistan
1387:Kyrgyzstan
1372:Kazakhstan
1219:Mozambique
1194:Madagascar
1114:Cape Verde
1066:New Yishuv
1061:Old Yishuv
1012:Population
990:Subbotniks
948:Samaritans
887:Romanyotim
830:Ashkenazim
777:Old Yishuv
757:Sabbateans
744:Modern era
736:Golden Age
663:Bar Kokhba
383:Beit Yosef
250:Philosophy
113:Background
7615:Christmas
7551:indicate
7499:Mormonism
7484:Christian
7364:Symbolism
7352:Synagogue
7332:Mythology
7293:Education
7264:Astronomy
7247:Astrology
7064:relations
6869:Zarphatic
6817:Galitzish
6619:Yeshivish
6496:Catalanic
6459:Samaritan
6434:Ashkenazi
6415:Diasporic
6410:Languages
6355:Sephardim
6350:Romaniote
6237:Krymchaks
6171:Desi Jews
6047:Buddhists
5865:Tourtière
5855:Romeritos
5792:Dumplings
5739:Beverages
5643:Pecan pie
5633:Panettone
5628:Pampushka
5623:Mince pie
5598:Fruitcake
5542:RĂ©veillon
5422:NFL games
5417:NBA games
5412:In August
5382:Economics
5152:Billboard
5006:Indonesia
4949:Australia
4924:Yule goat
4899:Stockings
4833:Ornaments
4562:Père Noël
4557:Olentzero
4552:Noel Baba
4527:Ded Moroz
4483:Yule Lads
4423:Mari Lwyd
4274:Bethlehem
4151:Christmas
4096:143368179
4052:1053-699X
4006:0944-5706
3971:2077-1444
3948:Religions
3934:240616108
3908:Routledge
3884:860879410
3843:0013-0133
3482:USA Today
3112:Citations
2940:Maccabees
2925:Maccabees
2837:combines
2812:Weihnukka
2774:Christmas
2764:The term
2690:. During
2668:Chinatown
2652:Manhattan
2625:Lithuania
2534:Christmas
2485:(Hebrew:
2394:Religious
2250:Zarphatic
2240:Bukharian
2210:Judeo-Tat
2195:Yeshivish
2169:Languages
2124:Sephardic
2114:Israelite
2104:Ethiopian
2094:Ashkenazi
2033:Religious
1823:Australia
1805:Venezuela
1711:Argentina
1693:Greenland
1605:Lithuania
1457:Sri Lanka
1452:Singapore
1377:Kurdistan
1342:Indonesia
1332:Hong Kong
1285:Abayudaya
1209:Mauritius
943:Igbo Jews
933:Krymchaks
852:Sephardim
720:relations
614:Sadducees
610:Pharisees
600:Sanhedrin
515:Jerusalem
275:Synagogue
143:Etymology
107:otherness
99:Christmas
61:summarize
7564:Category
7534:Hinduism
7524:Buddhism
7426:Genetics
7342:Politics
7315:Marriage
7274:Holidays
7269:Calendar
7150:Rabbinic
7126:/Hebrew
7071:Haymanot
6998:Orthodox
6985:Branches
6958:Kabbalah
6953:Haskalah
6931:Holiness
6807:dialects
6787:Shassagh
6750:Krymchak
6730:Kayliñña
6624:Yinglish
6600:Galilean
6590:Talmudic
6585:Biblical
6560:Betanure
6479:Biblical
6474:Mishnaic
6469:Medieval
6454:Tiberian
6449:Yemenite
6439:Sephardi
6375:Paradesi
6319:Ḥabbanim
6309:Teimanim
6274:Baghdadi
6247:Maghrebi
6215:Karaites
6193:GruzĂnim
6181:Kochinim
6099:Diaspora
6057:Karaites
6042:Atheists
5979:Timeline
5898:Category
5869:meat pie
5860:Stuffing
5814:Varenyky
5683:Yule log
5658:Qurabiya
5532:Julebord
5505:Food and
5432:SantaCon
5397:El Gordo
5284:Yule Log
5056:Scotland
4969:Ethiopia
4954:Colombia
4929:Yule log
4883:Spanbaum
4860:Pyramids
4726:Crackers
4624:Sack Man
4510:folklore
4478:Yule cat
4383:Badalisc
4373:folklore
4284:Epiphany
4100:Archived
4056:Archived
4010:Archived
3888:Archived
3851:17782856
3676:Archived
3643:Archived
3612:Archived
3582:Archived
3550:Archived
3519:Archived
3487:Archived
3454:Archived
3423:Archived
3329:Archived
3292:Archived
3259:Archived
3047:See also
3020:Hanukkah
3002:A large
2978:visited
2896:", and "
2840:Hanoucca
2824:Chanukka
2798:and the
2783:The O.C.
2778:Hanukkah
2621:yeshivas
2550:medieval
2542:Halakhic
2517:through
2507:medieval
2421:Category
2379:Kahanism
2326:Feminism
2298:Politics
2182:Biblical
2152:American
2099:Bukharan
2089:American
1989:Shidduch
1965:Clothing
1921:Haymanot
1867:Orthodox
1795:Suriname
1778:Paraguay
1731:Colombia
1630:Portugal
1540:Bulgaria
1477:Thailand
1427:Pakistan
1407:Mongolia
1402:Malaysia
1322:Cambodia
1296:Zimbabwe
1271:Tanzania
1149:Eswatini
1139:Ethiopia
1129:Djibouti
1109:Cameroon
1104:Botswana
1033:Diaspora
995:Noahides
968:Marranos
892:Cochinim
877:Bukharim
867:Gruzinim
857:Teimanim
847:Mizrahim
835:Galician
801:conflict
762:Hasidism
752:Haskalah
657:Diaspora
528:timeline
440:Timeline
353:Rabbinic
260:Kabbalah
235:Marriage
211:Tzedakah
201:Holidays
159:Religion
122:a series
120:Part of
32:Hanukkah
7549:Italics
7374:Studies
7320:Divorce
7286:Kashrut
7281:Cuisine
7239:Culture
7170:Midrash
7165:Tosefta
7155:Mishnah
7143:Ketuvim
7138:Nevi'im
7101:Schisms
7091:Science
7081:Karaite
7052:Renewal
7013:Litvaks
7008:Hasidic
6963:Sefirot
6948:Halakha
6919:Messiah
6892:Mitzvah
6887:Beliefs
6841:Western
6827:Poylish
6822:Litvish
6812:Eastern
6802:Yiddish
6797:Shuadit
6782:Qwareña
6770:Tetuani
6765:Haketia
6740:Knaanic
6735:Kivruli
6683:Bukhori
6629:Heblish
6565:Hulaulá
6555:Barzani
6511:Yahudic
6444:Mizrahi
6304:Urfalim
6259:Mizrahi
6203:Neofiti
6198:Italkim
6127:Lita'im
6019:Zionism
5971:History
5945:Judaism
5804:Pierogi
5799:Hallaca
5704:Borscht
5668:Stollen
5638:Pavlova
5613:MakĂłwki
5593:Cozonac
5562:Wigilia
5447:Scrooge
5407:In July
5305:society
5237:Poetry
5071:Ukraine
5046:Romania
5011:Ireland
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4996:Hungary
4984:Germany
4974:Finland
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4838:Parades
4791:Markets
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4766:Hampers
4609:Krampus
4448:Perchta
4388:Caganer
3026:; many
2972:Zionist
2834:Hannoël
2672:Chicago
2503:
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2245:Knaanic
2205:Yevanic
2190:Yiddish
2147:Yiddish
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1984:Kashrut
1960:Wedding
1947:Customs
1939:Culture
1916:Science
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1882:Hasidic
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1800:Uruguay
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1560:Estonia
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1535:Belarus
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1520:Armenia
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1224:Namibia
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181:Mitzvot
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5713:Sauces
5699:Menudo
5678:TurrĂłn
5588:Cookie
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5537:KĹ«ÄŤios
5518:Dinner
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5229:Santa,
5212:novels
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5051:Russia
5041:Poland
5031:Norway
5021:Mexico
4979:France
4894:Stamps
4889:Szopka
4781:Lights
4736:Didukh
4572:Others
4522:Befana
4468:Vertep
4331:in art
4299:Joseph
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2829:French
2807:German
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2661:kosher
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1600:Latvia
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1472:Taiwan
1382:Kuwait
1367:Jordan
1357:Israel
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1281:Uganda
1199:Malawi
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1080:Africa
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902:Berber
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7212:Zohar
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5109:Music
5016:Italy
4872:Seals
4826:dolls
4756:Gifts
4696:Cards
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4463:Turoń
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2024:Music
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5830:Carp
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4213:Yule
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