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465:. After Fraeb was killed, Baker took charge of the battle that extended over two to six days. The trappers hid behind stumps, dug pits, and created a defensive barrier of dead horses and logs. The battle ended after a Native American chief's horse was shot and fell over. Four trappers were killed. Most of the trappers' horses were killed, with more than 100 horses dead from both sides. Legend has it that 35 or 100 Native Americans were killed, but those numbers may be exaggerated. Baker and other survivors returned to Bridger's camp on the Green River on August 27. The mountain was later renamed Battle Mountain.
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804:. The family lived on the first level the second floor was used for storage, or where Baker would sleep after pulling up the ladder from the ground floor. Until 1881, there was a watchtower cupola on top of the second floor, where there was a "commanding view" of the Little Snake River Valley. Shoshone, Ute, and Snake people lived in
207:(1818–1898), known as "Honest Jim Baker", was a frontiersman, trapper, hunter, army scout, interpreter, and rancher. He was first a trapper and hunter. The decline of the fur trade in the early 1840s drove many trappers to quit, but Baker remained in the business until 1855. During that time he was a friend of
531:. Marina, the daughter of the band's chief, and a girl named Winona were kidnapped by a group of Blackfeet. Baker rescued the young women and was married to Marina in October 1847. She gave her groom an emblem of bravery, a bear claw necklace. Baker continued to live with his wife's tribe, as was common when
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communicator and spoke a number of Native
American languages. He was known for his ability to guide, even where there were no evident trails. He had a good knowledge of the geography of the west, guiding others around rivers, lakes, canyons, and other geographical features. Based upon his reputation,
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Baker had sisters Eliza, Elizabeth, and Adelia and a brother John. He learned to hunt for game with a gun and fish as a child. He and his siblings had little education. When he was seventeen, his father sent him to his grandfather at St. Louis for schooling, but he was sent home when it was clear he
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His wife
Meeteetse (Little Traveler), who Baker called Mary, was a Shoshone woman. They had ten children: Thomas, Buck, Jim, Mary, Isabel, Madeline, Nancy Kate, Liza, and Elsie. With his wife Eliza Yanetse, they had a daughter Jennie. Eliza had twins in 1856, but only one of them survived, and was
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weapon, the magazine exploded, which injured his face and blew his right thumb off its hand. His lips, tongue, chin, and teeth were lacerated. He was also injured in the chest and his right lung. The injury occurred along Cherry Creek, about 20 miles from present-day Denver, where he was taken and
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Baker fell in love with Flying Fawn, a Sioux woman and daughter of Long Lance. They were about to be married when Flash of Fire, her cousin, prepared to shoot an arrow at Baker out of jealousy. Long Lance killed Flash of Fire, saving Baker's life. It is not known if Baker and Flying Fawn were
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His younger brother John, called "Beaver John" on the frontier, was also a trapper, hunter, and scout. He hunted and trapped with his brother Jim, Kit Carson, Jim
Bridger and Jack Robinson. His brother married a Shoshone woman and established a cattle ranch near Henry's Fork in Wyoming.
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He guided an Indian agent and separately guided
Colonel Wesley Merritt following the massacre. As European American gold prospectors encroached on Oglala Lakota’s land at French Creek in the Badlands, tensions grew about who had rights to the land. Baker served under General
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Next to Jim
Bridger, he was the most intrepid, skillful, and accomplished plainsman and mountaineer in all that region. He was a generous, noble-hearted specimen of the trapper type, who would peril his life for a friend at any time, or divide with him his last morsel of
636:. They were challenged by frigid weather and deep snow. Marcy later said that the party would have died of hunger and the treacherous weather without the expert scout's leadership. On their return, the troops passed through present-day Denver area and discovered gold at
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It became increasingly difficult to make a living trapping and hunting furs. Beaver had been fairly well trapped out by the 1840s. In addition, there was shift in fashion away from fur and to silk hats, so there was not much of a demand for beaver hats.
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Jim Baker was known for his skills as a marksman, archer, horseman, tracker, hunter, and lariat thrower. When hunting with a group of people, Baker generally took the lead and was the fastest rider of the men. He was also a competent
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Baker was a guide and interpreter between the
Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean for 34 years. In 1845, he helped herd 4,000 wild horses from Mexican land in what is now Southern California. In 1847, Baker was in the
664:). The area became known as Baker's Crossing, where he established several businesses, at what is now 53rd and Tennyson in northwest Denver. He built an adobe house and raised cattle. He operated a stone coal (
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Baker continued to hunt and trap in the Henry's Fork area independent of a fur company. He was often with Kit Carson, Jim
Bridger, his brother John Baker, and others. They got along well with the
773:, in October 1847. They had three children: Jennieve Jane, William and Joseph. Marina died while Baker was away on an extended hunting trip in 1852. She and some of Baker's children died of
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along the Green River south to Salt Lake City. As
Mormons moved into the area, they established towns. Shoshone, Utes, Mormons, mountain men, and new immigrants vied for land and resources.
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and Battle Creek, near what is now the border between
Wyoming and Colorado. Baker hunted near Fraeb's camp on August 21, 1841. Twenty three trappers were attacked by 500
628:(1857–1858). The Mormon militia had run off or stole the fort's livestock. Baker led Captain R.B. Marcy's detachment through Colorado to New Mexico to purchase mules at
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While he was a trapper, he developed expertise as a guide, leader, marksman, and interpreter with Native
Americans. He operated a ferry and trading post along the
547:. He was said to have never been wounded in battle, yet it was also said that his body was covered with scars from battles, bear fights, and riding accidents.
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Daniel Chessman Oakes as a guide. Horses and mules has been stolen by Southern Arapahoe. In retaliation, Baker and others raided Little Raven and his band.
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married Native American woman. Baker was adopted into the Shoshone tribe and given the name "Red-Haired Shoshone" in 1847. He was engaged in conflicts with
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and in 1840 returned home to Illinois and St. Louis after his contract expired. He then signed up for another several years with the fur company.
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on July 3, 1859. The area became known as Baker's Crossing, and he established several businesses there. He raised cattle, operated a stone coal (
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for 18 months, for which he received $ 465 (equivalent to $ 13,305 in 2023). On May 15, 1838, he left St. Louis by boat and traveled up the
316:, area. They were both born in Tennessee and moved to Illinois as young adults. They had eight children, one born in Belleville and the rest in
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on the Denver Boulder Wagon Road, and a store operated by his two wives. His customers were European American settlers and Native Americans.
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named James C. Baker. On July 3, 1859, Baker and his family settled at a place known as Baker's Crossing, west of Denver along Clear Creek).
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He led a railroad survey party to Salt Lake in 1872. In 1873, Baker left Colorado and bought a ranch in the Little Snake River Valley near
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1647:
Twenty Years Among Our Savage Indians: A Record of Personal Experiences, Observations, and Adventures Among the Indians of the Wild West
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people sometimes stole their collection of furs that they collected over a summer. He became known for his skills as a frontiersman:
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in Wyoming, where he raised livestock until his death in 1898. His cabin is currently on display at the Little Snake River Museum in
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Jim Baker was married three or more times, perhaps with as many as six wives, including women from the Shoshone, Snake,
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on May 22, 1839. With missionaries and 75 men, Baker was on an eight-day expedition that traveled through lands of the
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1424:. Denver, Colo. : U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Colorado State Office. p. 19.
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in the area. By that time, none of his wives were with him and there were only six children who settled with him:
592:, and back to New Mexico. It was their last trip together and he ended his career as a trapper and hunter in 1855.
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on the Denver Boulder Wagon Road, and a store operated by two of his wives. In 1873, Baker built a cabin with a
950:. The eastern most place, Savery, is 13 miles east of Baggs, which is 203 miles east and south of Fort Bridger.
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The Settlement of America: An Encyclopedia of Westward Expansion from Jamestown to the Closing of the Frontier
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Baker hunted with Baker and Carson into the fall of 1852. They traveled through what are now the states of
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Baker continued to live out his life at his cattle ranch and cabin. On May 15, 1898, Baker died at the
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in 1879, Jim Baker scouted for the Wyoming cavalry as they followed the Utes responsible for the attack
441:, sent Baker and others to search for the lost party and to warn them of increased hostility among the
1377:. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Colorado State Office.
835:. His body was buried in a family cemetery at the base of the mountain named after him, Baker's Peak.
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851:. The cabin was reconstructed under the direction of Jim Baker's great-grandson, Paul McAllister of
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702:. He built a hand-hewn log cabin, that looked like and served as a fort for settlers following the
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scene at which trappers and mountain men sold their furs and hides and replenished their supplies.
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He had at least three Native American wives and fourteen children. He homesteaded on what is now
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847:. In July 1976, the home of Jim Baker was returned to Savery, Wyoming and is now located at the
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area, assuming the clothing and lifestyle of the Native Americans. They lived near present-day
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was killed, Baker organized the trappers against the Native Americans in a multiple-day fight.
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Athearn, Frederic J.; United States. Bureau of Land Management. Colorado State Office (1976).
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Athearn, Frederic J.; United States. Bureau of Land Management. Colorado State Office (1976).
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headed for California in May 1841. It was the first wagon train to travel overland on the
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had no interest in education. Interested in living a life on the frontier, he went to the
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312:. His parents were Phoebe Neeley and William Baker, who were Scot-Irish farmers from the
219:. On August 21, 1841, he was among a group of twenty three trappers who were attacked by
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Joseph lived with Baker in 1880 and moved to the Shoshone Reservation at Lander, Wyoming
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married. It was also said that Baker saved a Sioux woman from starvation in the 1850s.
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chief in 1876. Following the Meeker Massacre, the United States Cavalry pursued the
1576:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form: Jim Baker Cabin"
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It was also said that he first worked for the American Fur Company in May 22, 1839.
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Baker was first married to Marina, the sixteen-year-old daughter of Shoshone chief
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William homesteaded where the town of Dixon, Wyoming now stands and died in 1893.
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1264:"'Beaver John' Baker Dead: Trapper and Companion of Kit Carson—His Indian Wife"
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In 1917, the Baker Cabin was removed from Savery and taken to Frontier Park in
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and married a Snake woman. (Snake people was a collective name given to the
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as a guide to track the Utes. Fourteen soldiers were killed at a battle at
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Crutchfield, James A.; Moutlon, Candy; Bene, Terry Del (March 26, 2015).
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Mary married John Runnels, a miner and died at Hahn's Peak, CO in 1880.
706:(September 29, 1879). Baker raised cattle, which he branded with "JB".
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292:. Baker's grave is marked with a stone at Baker Cemetery near Savery.
242:. He served the military as a tracker and guide, including during the
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1678:
Settlers of the American West: The Lives of 231 Notable Pioneers
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Snodgrass states that Fraeb and his party were found along the
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Baker operated at least one trading post and ferry stop on the
1485:. Colorado Council of Genealogical Societies, Inc. p. 30.
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frontiersman, trapper, hunter, fur trader, army scout, rancher
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157:, and a U.S. Army scout and Indian interpreter, for Generals
1474:
Elliott, Donald R. (1999). Doris L. (Salmen) Elliott (ed.).
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1680:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 11.
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Jennie lived with Baker in 1880 and married August Rischke.
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Isabelle lived with Baker in 1880 and married N.B. Kinnear.
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People of the Wind River: The Eastern Shoshones, 1825-1900
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Madeline lived with Baker in 1880 and married Frank Adams.
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An isolated empire : a history of northwest Colorado
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An isolated empire : a history of northwest Colorado
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is located at Savery. He is said to have also lived near
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and his troops in a column against the Mormons and to
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responsible for the attack. Baker was hired by Major
1278:– via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
1107:. Inter-state publishing Company. 1881. p. 874.
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656:On July 3, 1859, Baker took up a homestead west of
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Native American lands west of the Mississippi River
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559:Routes of the California, Mormon and Oregon Trails
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185:Meeteetse (Little Traveler) who Baker called Mary
1397:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 30–32.
946:, a military post and trading station and near
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231:on what became known as Battle Mountain. After
176:Married to least three Native American women:
907:Humfreville stated that Baker lived among the
675:In 1864, Baker was appointed a captain in the
300:James Baker was born on December 19, 1818, in
402:, who were known for their hostility. Led by
371:of present day Utah and Wyoming. Baker led a
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383:for Jim Bridger. He hunted with Bridger and
1650:. Hartford Publishing Company. p. 580.
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1714:Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office
1512:"Lives of Baker men had uncanny parallels"
1140:Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office
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869:in northwest Wyoming is named after him.
332:in St. Louis to sign up to be a trapper.
1658:Illustrated Encyclopedia Of The Old West
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717:, Strohmeyer & Wyman. Following the
320:. His parents operated a mill along the
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608:In 1855, Baker was the chief scout at
523:Baker camped with the Shoshone in the
410:in what is now west-central Wyoming.
19:For other people named Jim Baker, see
616:. Two years later, he guided Colonel
492:Twenty Years Among Our Savage Indians
149:Being a fur trapper and hunter, with
7:
1603:The American Mountain Man: A Tribute
1240:Crutchfield, Moutlon & Bene 2015
1196:Crutchfield, Moutlon & Bene 2015
1184:Crutchfield, Moutlon & Bene 2015
1104:History of Sangamon County, Illinois
898:at the Colorado and Wyoming border.
506:Jim Baker, sculpture by Steve Boyce
179:Marina, daughter of Shoshone chief
1702:Kankakee Valley Historical Society
1024:Van Pelt, Lori (January 2, 2015).
14:
1538:"Savery to Baggs to Fort Bridger"
445:. Fraeb was found at the base of
1644:Humfreville, James Lee (1897).
1751:People from Colorado Territory
1676:Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2015).
390:Baker traveled on the steamer
1:
513:Native American sign language
1574:Junge, Mark (May 26, 1972).
21:James Baker (disambiguation)
1518:. July 31, 1994. p. 12
1391:Stamm, Henry Edwin (1999).
1026:"Jim Baker, Frontier Scout"
734:in the Black Hills against
561:west of the Rocky Mountains
516:he became a good friend of
433:, to Bridger's camp at the
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1623:"Baker, James (1818–1898)"
648:was treated by a surgeon.
643:While practicing with his
429:. Baker traveled from the
306:St. Clair County, Illinois
68:St. Clair County, Illinois
18:
849:Little Snake River Museum
660:along Vasquez Creek (now
377:Rocky Mountain Rendezvous
345:Rocky Mountain Rendezvous
44:65 years of age, ca. 1883
37:
1578:. National Park Service.
748:Thomas Tipton Thornburgh
612:, serving under General
421:Baker traveled with the
259:Big Horn County, Montana
1607:, Retrieved 2023-09-23.
758:Personal life and death
728:George Armstrong Custer
687:forces in the infamous
490:James Lee Humfreville,
423:Bartleson–Bidwell Party
1655:Newark, Peter (1985).
1476:"Colorado Place Names"
861:Colorado State Capitol
794:Carbon County, Wyoming
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618:Albert Sidney Johnston
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336:Fur trapper and hunter
106:Carbon County, Wyoming
90:Carbon County, Wyoming
1483:Denver Public Library
857:Westminster, Colorado
732:Battle of the Rosebud
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683:, who later lead the
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529:Medicine Bow, Wyoming
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255:Battle of the Rosebud
1516:The Orlando Sentinel
863:building in Denver.
685:Colorado Territorial
652:Colorado and Wyoming
603:Salt Lake City, Utah
449:on the banks of the
357:American Fur Company
330:American Fur Company
314:Nashville, Tennessee
140:American Fur Company
1464:, pp. 584–585.
1452:, pp. 583–584.
1294:, pp. 581–582.
689:Sand Creek Massacre
406:, it was bound for
351:Baker was hired by
310:St. Louis, Missouri
308:, a few miles from
1719:2005-04-13 at the
1707:2007-09-27 at the
1601:Barry Swackhamer,
1268:Los Angeles Herald
802:Little Snake River
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715:Ninth U.S, Cavalry
634:Fort Massachusetts
624:during the Mormon
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451:Little Snake River
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404:Thomas Fitzpatrick
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286:Little Snake River
163:Albert S. Johnston
1661:. Gallery Books.
1636:978-1-317-45460-1
1498:, pp. 11–12.
1404:978-0-8061-3175-7
1318:, pp. 10–11.
1198:, p. rPT238.
1136:"Jim Baker Cabin"
845:Cheyenne, Wyoming
788:Baker moved near
381:Wind River Valley
253:, and during the
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159:William S. Harney
60:December 19, 1818
16:American explorer
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123:Honest Jim Baker
120:Other names
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719:Meeker Massacre
704:Meeker Massacre
700:Savery, Wyoming
681:John Chivington
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645:Spencer carbine
640:in early 1858.
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518:John C. Frémont
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408:Fort Bonneville
369:Uinta Mountains
365:Missouri Rivers
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318:Sangamon County
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290:Savery, Wyoming
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1697:
1696:External links
1694:
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1652:
1641:
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1616:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1593:
1589:Snodgrass 2015
1581:
1566:
1564:, p. 595.
1554:
1529:
1500:
1496:Snodgrass 2015
1488:
1466:
1454:
1442:
1427:
1410:
1403:
1380:
1363:
1359:Snodgrass 2015
1320:
1316:Snodgrass 2015
1308:
1306:, p. 583.
1296:
1281:
1270:. May 10, 1901
1244:
1217:
1215:, p. 582.
1200:
1188:
1171:
1169:, p. 581.
1152:
1110:
1094:
1090:Snodgrass 2015
1063:
1061:, p. 580.
1042:
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948:Baggs, Wyoming
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853:Dixon, Wyoming
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792:, present-day
759:
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447:Squaw Mountain
443:Plains Indians
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322:Sangamon River
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1629:. Routledge.
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575:Mormon Trails
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167:George Custer
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128:Occupation(s)
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97:Resting place
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29:
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1746:Mountain men
1677:
1657:
1646:
1626:
1615:Bibliography
1602:
1596:
1584:
1569:
1557:
1547:December 27,
1545:. Retrieved
1541:
1532:
1522:December 26,
1520:. Retrieved
1515:
1491:
1482:
1469:
1457:
1445:
1420:
1413:
1393:
1373:
1366:
1311:
1299:
1274:December 26,
1272:. Retrieved
1267:
1191:
1145:December 26,
1143:. Retrieved
1139:
1103:
1097:
1035:December 26,
1033:. Retrieved
1029:
944:Fort Bridger
934:
909:Snake people
903:
890:
881:
867:Jim Mountain
865:
842:
830:
787:
783:
779:
768:
761:
724:
697:
693:Indian Agent
674:
655:
642:
638:Cherry Creek
622:Fort Bridger
610:Fort Laramie
607:
599:
579:
564:
549:
533:mountain men
522:
509:
497:
491:
483:
467:
435:Henry's Fork
427:Oregon Trail
420:
391:
389:
350:
326:
299:
263:
237:
204:
203:
80:(1898-05-15)
78:May 15, 1898
25:
1741:1898 deaths
1736:1818 births
1542:Google maps
1438:Newark 1985
896:Yampa River
736:Crazy Horse
730:during the
679:along with
670:toll bridge
662:Clear Creek
439:Henry Fraeb
431:Green River
394:upriver to
361:Mississippi
353:Jim Bridger
282:guard tower
278:toll bridge
266:Clear Creek
240:Green River
233:Henry Fraeb
209:Jim Bridger
151:Jim Bridger
112:Nationality
1730:Categories
1605:, hmdb.org
958:References
752:Milk Creek
668:) mine, a
666:anthracite
630:Fort Union
582:New Mexico
571:California
525:Wind River
472:, but the
385:Kit Carson
373:pack train
302:Belleville
296:Early life
276:) mine, a
274:anthracite
213:Kit Carson
155:Kit Carson
64:Belleville
56:1818-12-19
800:near the
713:Troop A,
392:St. Peter
284:near the
205:Jim Baker
32:Jim Baker
1717:Archived
1705:Archived
921:Shoshone
775:smallpox
771:Washakie
626:Utah War
586:Colorado
537:Cheyenne
488:—
470:Shoshone
459:Cheyenne
396:Westport
247:Utah War
225:Cheyenne
195:Children
181:Washakie
136:Employer
115:American
917:Bannock
764:Bannock
590:Wyoming
474:Arapaho
455:Arapaho
400:Arikara
379:in the
375:to the
367:to the
221:Arapaho
173:Spouses
1684:
1665:
1633:
1401:
927:tribes
919:, and
839:Legacy
790:Savery
738:, the
658:Denver
567:Oregon
543:, and
461:, and
270:Denver
244:Mormon
227:, and
165:, and
102:Savery
86:Savery
1479:(PDF)
873:Notes
806:tipis
596:Scout
545:Crows
541:Sioux
485:food.
478:Snake
463:Sioux
268:near
229:Sioux
1682:ISBN
1663:ISBN
1631:ISBN
1549:2021
1524:2021
1399:ISBN
1276:2021
1147:2021
1037:2021
938:The
744:Utes
476:and
363:and
215:and
153:and
75:Died
50:Born
632:or
324:.
1732::
1625:.
1540:.
1514:.
1503:^
1481:.
1430:^
1383:^
1323:^
1284:^
1266:.
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1203:^
1174:^
1155:^
1138:.
1113:^
1066:^
1045:^
1028:.
966:^
929:.)
915:,
855:.
777:.
754:.
588:,
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569:-
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88:,
66:,
1690:.
1671:.
1639:.
1551:.
1526:.
1407:.
1149:.
1039:.
58:)
54:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
