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reacted to the killing with disgust, considering
Cardwell to be harmless, and along with Matt Kincaid even concocted a plot to have a gun placed in Adair's house in order that he would be imprisoned with them to give them a chance to reason with him. Ultimately the plan was not enacted as Adair remained a hugely popular figure on the Shankill despite the killing. However, Spence, or "Spencer" as he was known locally, remained an ally of Adair and following his release in the mid-1990s returned to influence under new brigadier Winkie Dodds, whom Adair had appointed in his stead following his own arrest. Spence attended the wedding of Adair and Gina Crossan, held in prison, on 21 February 1997. Like Adair, Spence also advocated a closer relationship with the emerging
467:, whose presence was seen as damaging the UDA's chances of securing government funding for its projects. The paper reported that there was a reluctance amongst the leadership to oust Spence, however, as he controlled the finances in West Belfast and would be likely to abscond with much of their money. Rumours that Spence was to be stood down had in fact first appeared in the paper as early as April 2005. However, Spence was replaced as Brigadier in 2006 by fellow long-term activist Matt Kincaid.
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346:(RUC), something that was generally an anathema to loyalists. Ultimately, however, Spence and Adair remained close friends and as a result the brigadier was able to persuade his second in command to abandon plans to kill police. Indeed, their friendship was so close that during the summer of 1993 the pair went on holiday together with their families to
449:
Spence was loyal to the new regime on the
Shankill, and in late 2003 he once again took over as Brigadier in West Belfast when Adair's replacement, Spence's old rival Mo Courtney, was arrested. By early 2004 he had officially vacated this role, as the constant press attacks from Adair began to damage
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Irvine was himself arrested in August 1990, and following his incarceration was very briefly replaced by Ken
Barrett. However, a power struggle broke out, and Billy Kennedy, Tommy Lyttle's brother-in-law, briefly assumed the role of West Belfast Brigadier. Spence, however, was released from prison in
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In 1992, Nelson issued a statement in which he placed the blame on Spence for the killing. According to Nelson, he had obtained a photograph of Slane and had shown it to eyewitnesses who identified Slane as the driver at Quee's killing. Nelson claimed that he then gave the picture to Spence, who told
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was broadcast in which Nelson's claims linking Spence to the Pat
Finucane killing were broadcast. It was not the first time that such allegations had been made as rumours that Spence was an informer had surfaced regularly. The suggestion that Spence was a high-ranking informer raised some anger, and
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From prison Spence became increasingly angry at the violence of Adair, particularly the killing of Noel
Cardwell by C Company in December 1993. Cardwell was a glass collector at the Diamond Jubilee Bar with a mental age of 12 who liked to be around the C Company top men. They in turn viewed Cardwell
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While Adair had taken care of the killing side in West
Belfast Spence had concentrated on the moneymaking elements of the UDA and had built up a large network of extortion and racketeering. Spence was arrested on charges of extortion in March 1993, and as was the established procedure, he was forced
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By late 1991 Spence had begun to resent the power and influence enjoyed by Adair and he feared that C Company, which remained Adair's main power base, had become financially independent of the West
Belfast Brigade. Spence was pleased when Adair's Langley Street Social Club, a major source of income,
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for Mo
Courtney the only solution was to kill Spence. Adair refused to sanction the killing, as he remained on good terms with Spence and felt that he was loyal, and the incident helped to drive a wedge between Adair and Courtney. Adair finally broke from Spence in 2003 when South Belfast Brigadier
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To send a message to informers Adair had
Cardwell abducted following his release from hospital and subjected to a long and brutal interrogation process. He was shot and left to bleed to death with C Company member Gary McMaster later sentenced to life imprisonment for his part in the murder. Spence
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would later frequently recount the details of how he had been one of the two gunmen to kill Slane, although in truth this had not been the case. The actual killers have not been identified but they were picked by Spence from within the ranks of B Company whilst Adair had always been a member of the
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that
Bunting, McDonald and Birch, as well as the head of the Derry and North Antrim Brigade had met to discuss the feud as well as the schism with the West Belfast Brigade. According to the report they agreed that West Belfast Brigade members loyal to the wider UDA should establish a new command
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purged the Shankill of C Company and Adair's supporters. Adair reacted by denouncing Spence as a "liar and a tout" in a carefully orchestrated media campaign over the following months. Spence, who had tired of Adair's extremism, had helped to facilitate McDonald's assault on the Lower Shankill.
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on television and immediately rang Spence and told him to "shoot the fucker ... right now". Spence intimated that he would although he had no desire to become involved in the feud, whilst Adair did not realise that Spence's phone had been bugged by Special Branch who heard the entire
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Following Adair's release and return to the role of Brigadier he attempted to involve Spence, back in command of B Company, in his 2000 feud with the UVF. On 21 August the UVF had shot and killed two of Adair's allies, Jackie Coulter and Bobby Mahood, whilst they sat in a car on the
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structure for the brigade which would then take the lead in ousting the three men they identified as the biggest trouble-makers, namely Courtney, Spence and Eric McKee from their existing leadership positions. It was also stated that the West Belfast breakaway leaders had recruited
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conversation. Spence was particularly wary of provoking open conflict with the UVF, as, unlike Adair's Lower Shankill stronghold, the Woodvale area was solid UVF turf, and for a spell the social club Spence and B Company ran on Heather Street had to be guarded by soldiers of the
513:, offering him the chance to re-integrate the West Belfast Brigade with the wider UDA if he expelled Spence and Mo Courtney. Kincaid rejected the proposal however, opting instead to support Courtney and Spence. In September 2014 it was reported in the
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tablet by a member of C Company. Whilst in the hospital he was visited by members of the RUC who asked him who he had been drinking with. Cardwell named the UDA members he was with, having failed to grasp the code of secrecy governing the UDA.
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330:, who replaced Lyttle as West Belfast Brigadier, favoured a less centralised structure to the Brigade and gave more of a free hand to the more violent-minded younger men such as Spence, Adair and
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his credibility and a comeback by Adair began to look a distinct possibility. Ultimately, however, this did not materialise, and when Adair left prison the following year he immediately left for
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on a trip to learn about Polish culture. Allegations, however, appeared in the press that Spence and his fellow loyalists actually spent most of their time at bars and strip clubs.
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Lower Shankill's C Company. The Attorney General for Northern Ireland ordered that the murder case be reopened in June 2011 to investigate the collusion allegations.
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289:(IPLO) and had driven the getaway car when UDA member Billy Quee was killed by that group, although the IPLO did not claim Slane as a member following his killing.
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273:, which covered the Woodvale area at the top of the Shankill Road, during the 1980s and 1990s. In this role Spence was closely involved with British agent
322:, the commanders respectively of A, B and C companies, the brigade's three sub-units. Soon after his arrest Lyttle was removed as Brigadier and declared
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334:. Irvine made Spence military commander of the West Belfast Brigade, although only a few weeks into this role Spence's Stevens Inquiries arrest came.
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due to anticipation of an attack. No attack on Hutchinson took place and Adair was returned to jail soon afterwards, the feud ending as a result.
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was raided by police and put out of business but his anxiety was raised further when Adair began to talk of targeting members of the
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home after members of the UDA broke down his front door and shot him four times in the head. An article that appeared in the UDA's
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October and he immediately assumed the role of Brigadier for himself, appointing Johnny Adair to the role of military commander.
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Nelson "I'll soon deal with him" and dispatched a murder squad, after first sending a reconnaissance team to find Slane's house.
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who sought to oust Bunting and install Robert Molyneaux as a replacement. From the start Bunting, as well as fellow brigadiers
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to relinquish his position as Brigadier. As a consequence Johnny Adair immediately succeeded Spence as West Belfast Brigadier.
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reported that the UDA intended to expel Spence, as part of a move aimed at removing a number of "undesirables", including the
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Spence was widely reported as one of the leading figures in the conspiracy and in early 2014 UDA leaders approached
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In 1990, Spence was one of a number of leading figures within the West Belfast UDA imprisoned as part of the
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Policing the Peace in Northern Ireland: Politics, Crime and Security After the Belfast Agreement
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Spence was recorded most recently in March 2011 as part of a publicly funded trip to
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broke out within the UDA North Belfast Brigade between the supporters of its leader
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UDA feud escalates over bid to oust north Belfast 'brigadier' John Bunting
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as a harmless figure of fun. In December 1993 Cardwell was taken to the
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after suffering a bad reaction when his drink was spiked with an
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380:(LVF) and Spence personally enjoyed a close relationship with
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from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
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Beginning in 2013 and continuing into the following year, a
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Mad Dog: The Rise and Fall of Johnny Adair and 'C' Company
277:. On 22 September 1988, Gerard Slane was shot dead at his
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Loyalists imprisoned during the Northern Ireland conflict
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activist. Spence became notorious for his time in the
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New inquest ordered into UDA murder of Gerard Slane
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821:"Expulsions are two-fingers to mainstream UDA",
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16:Northern Irish loyalist activis (born c. 1960)
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248:. Spence is a native of the Woodvale area of
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269:Spence was commander of 'B' Company of the
244:(UDA), serving two spells in charge of the
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58:about living persons that is unsourced or
949:UDA – Inside the Heart of Loyalist Terror
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129:Learn how and when to remove this message
900:"UDA Call an 'AGM' to End Faction Feuds"
1612:Paddy Wilson and Irene Andrews killings
963:Crimes of Loyalty: A History of the UDA
808:"UDA power struggle at boiling point",
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572:
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388:(UVF) who was allied to the LVF leader
1511:North Antrim & Londonderry Brigade
287:Irish People's Liberation Organisation
7:
898:Barnes, Ciaran (14 September 2014).
864:"UDA Chiefs' Unity Talks Are a Flop"
1648:Attack on James Murray's bookmakers
958:, Manchester University Press, 2009
1861:Ulster Defence Association members
1748:Combined Loyalist Military Command
965:, Edinburgh University Press, 2006
862:Barnes, Ciaran (2 February 2014).
785:UDA seeks £3m to give members jobs
494:and a dissident tendency based in
174: 1960 (age 63–64)
14:
1642:Sean Graham bookmakers' shooting
937:Lister, David and Jordan, Hugh.
664:Lister & Jordan, pp. 194–196
365:Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast
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1808:Ulster Political Research Group
1753:Loyalist Association of Workers
425:In June 2002 an episode of the
1813:Ulster Workers' Council strike
625:Lister & Jordan, pp. 96–99
392:and who tried to convince the
1:
748:McDonald & Cusack, p. 398
721:McDonald & Cusack, p. 337
703:McDonald & Cusack, p. 282
236:) is a Northern Irish former
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1828:Woodvale Defence Association
1778:Shankill Defence Association
1768:Real Ulster Freedom Fighters
1630:Biddy Mulligan's pub bombing
1600:Top of the Hill bar shooting
404:. Soon afterwards Adair saw
36:biography of a living person
1871:Paramilitaries from Belfast
1823:Volunteer (Ulster loyalist)
739:Lister & Jordan, p. 329
712:Lister & Jordan, p. 292
694:Lister & Jordan, p. 250
685:Lister & Jordan, p. 227
676:Lister & Jordan, p. 201
655:Lister & Jordan, p. 149
646:Lister & Jordan, p. 148
637:Lister & Jordan, p. 118
63:must be removed immediately
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1402:William "Bucky" McCullough
1068:Ulster Defence Association
1018:Ulster Defence Association
990:Ulster Defence Association
795:"UDA to Oust Jim Spence",
607:Lister & Jordan, p. 96
598:Lister & Jordan, p. 82
578:Lister & Jordan, p. 64
566:Lister & Jordan, p. 63
546:Lister & Jordan, p. 95
406:Progressive Unionist Party
271:UDA's West Belfast Brigade
242:Ulster Defence Association
189:Ulster Defence Association
78:"Jim Spence" loyalist
1838:bold indicates brigadiers
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1485:South East Antrim Brigade
1412:Billy "Twister" McQuiston
1105:position abolished (1988)
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1636:Milltown Cemetery attack
1407:Stephen "Top Gun" McKeag
1215:Andre & Ihab Shoukri
941:, Mainstream Press, 2004
378:Loyalist Volunteer Force
1788:Ulster Democratic Party
1020:West Belfast Brigadier
992:West Belfast Brigadier
951:, Penguin Ireland, 2004
908:(subscription required)
872:(subscription required)
260:B Company and collusion
1818:Ulster Young Militants
1624:Dublin Airport bombing
1606:New Lodge Six shooting
1342:William "Winkie" Dodds
386:Ulster Volunteer Force
320:William "Winkie" Dodds
50:Please help by adding
1462:"Fat" Jackie Thompson
1439:Gary "Smickers" Smyth
1433:Charles Harding Smith
1233:South Belfast Brigade
1176:North Belfast Brigade
1120:Albert "Ginger" Baker
1094:Charles Harding Smith
1618:Murder of Ann Ogilby
1297:West Belfast Brigade
1140:Jim "Doris Day" Gray
1113:East Belfast Brigade
556:Dark side of the war
246:West Belfast Brigade
209:West Belfast Brigade
56:Contentious material
1783:Ulster Army Council
1654:Castlerock killings
1594:Benny's Bar bombing
1417:James "Sham" Millar
1087:Chairmen of the UDA
445:Subsequent activity
1803:Ulster nationalism
1773:Red Hand Defenders
1660:Greysteel massacre
1555:Mid-Ulster Brigade
482:North Belfast feud
180:, Northern Ireland
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1670:Prominent victims
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1026:Succeeded by
998:Succeeded by
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869:Belfast Telegraph
515:Belfast Telegraph
324:persona non grata
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911:. Archived from
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1856:Living people
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1758:Loyalist feud
1756:
1754:
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1732:
1731:Frankie Curry
1729:
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1576:Michael Stone
1574:
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1545:Andy Robinson
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1353:Ernie Elliott
1351:
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1234:
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1224:
1223:
1222:Jimbo Simpson
1219:
1217:
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1212:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1202:Tommy English
1200:
1198:
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1193:
1192:
1188:
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1184:John Boreland
1181:
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1167:Michael Stone
1165:
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1021:
1019:
1012:
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984:
983:Billy Kennedy
978:
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946:
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841:
838:
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830:
826:
825:
818:
815:
811:
810:Daily Ireland
805:
802:
798:
797:Daily Ireland
792:
789:
786:
781:
778:
772:
769:
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745:
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736:
733:
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724:
718:
715:
709:
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658:
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619:
613:
610:
604:
601:
595:
592:
589:
584:
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573:
569:
563:
560:
557:
552:
549:
543:
541:
537:
533:
532:
525:
523:
521:
520:Jimbo Simpson
516:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
488:loyalist feud
481:
479:
477:
473:
468:
466:
462:
461:
460:Daily Ireland
455:
453:
444:
442:
439:
434:
433:
428:
421:Fall of Adair
420:
418:
416:
411:
407:
403:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
382:Jackie Mahood
379:
373:
370:
366:
357:
355:
351:
349:
345:
339:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
318:, Spence and
317:
313:
309:
301:
299:
296:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
264:
259:
257:
255:
254:Shankill Road
251:
247:
243:
239:
228:
220:
217:
213:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
187:
183:
179:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
142:
133:
130:
122:
119:December 2015
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
47:
46:
42:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
1725:Ned McCreery
1713:Gerard Casey
1707:Pat Finucane
1683:John Turnley
1677:Paddy Wilson
1570:Eddie Sayers
1568:
1561:
1543:
1536:
1524:
1517:
1499:
1492:
1472:
1460:
1449:
1448:
1431:
1427:Brian Nelson
1422:Wendy Millar
1381:Tommy Lyttle
1379:
1374:Matt Kincaid
1372:
1340:
1323:
1311:
1306:Johnny Adair
1304:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1191:John Bunting
1189:
1182:
1161:Ned McCreery
1159:
1152:
1147:Tommy Herron
1145:
1138:
1133:Billy Elliot
1131:
1124:
1079:the Troubles
1077:
1029:Matt Kincaid
1016:
1001:Johnny Adair
988:
968:
962:
955:
954:Moran, Joe.
948:
938:
932:Bibliography
931:
930:
919:18 September
917:. Retrieved
913:the original
903:
893:
883:20 September
881:. Retrieved
877:the original
867:
857:
832:
822:
817:
809:
804:
796:
791:
780:
775:Wood, p. 305
771:
766:Wood, p. 304
762:
757:Wood, p. 355
753:
744:
735:
730:Moran, p. 70
726:
717:
708:
699:
690:
681:
660:
651:
642:
621:
616:Wood, p. 155
612:
603:
594:
583:
562:
551:
530:
529:
514:
511:Matt Kincaid
508:
492:John Bunting
485:
469:
458:
457:In 2006 the
456:
448:
430:
424:
415:British Army
402:Crumlin Road
398:
390:Billy Wright
374:
361:
352:
340:
336:
328:Tommy Irvine
323:
316:Matt Kincaid
312:Tommy Lyttle
305:
295:Johnny Adair
291:
282:
275:Brian Nelson
268:
265:Gerard Slane
226:
225:
219:The Troubles
154:James Spence
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
62:
45:verification
38:
18:
1701:James Craig
1689:Miriam Daly
1494:Joe English
1444:Sammy Smyth
1392:Sam McCrory
1348:Hester Dunn
1331:James Craig
1325:Mo Courtney
1313:Ken Barrett
1251:James Craig
1241:David Adams
1197:Sammy Duddy
1126:Jimmy Birch
1102:(1973-1988)
1096:(1971-1973)
1011:Mo Courtney
824:Sunday Life
504:Jimmy Birch
332:Mo Courtney
234: 1960
207:B Company,
159:Nickname(s)
1850:Categories
1519:Glenn Barr
1501:John Gregg
1474:John White
1468:Andy Tyrie
1450:Jim Spence
1368:Billy Hull
1358:Davy Fogel
1246:Joe Bratty
1208:Davy Payne
1100:Andy Tyrie
1023:2003–2006
995:1990–1993
526:References
496:Tigers Bay
429:programme
408:spokesman
279:Falls Road
227:Jim Spence
185:Allegiance
151:Birth name
145:Jim Spence
89:newspapers
1262:Alex Kerr
472:Auschwitz
394:Portadown
302:Brigadier
199:Brigadier
41:citations
1526:Ken Kerr
432:Panorama
348:Tenerife
238:loyalist
215:Conflict
67:libelous
1586:Actions
1076:during
369:ecstasy
250:Belfast
178:Belfast
162:Spencer
103:scholar
1733:(1999)
1727:(1992)
1721:(1991)
1715:(1989)
1709:(1989)
1703:(1988)
1697:(1980)
1691:(1980)
1685:(1980)
1679:(1973)
1662:(1993)
1656:(1993)
1650:(1992)
1644:(1992)
1638:(1988)
1632:(1975)
1626:(1975)
1620:(1974)
1614:(1973)
1608:(1973)
1602:(1972)
1596:(1972)
452:Bolton
283:Ulster
229:(born
105:
98:
91:
84:
76:
531:Notes
191:(UDA)
110:JSTOR
96:books
34:This
921:2014
885:2014
502:and
204:Unit
196:Rank
167:Born
82:news
43:for
427:BBC
252:'s
1852::
902:.
866:.
843:^
669:^
630:^
571:^
539:^
350:.
310:.
256:.
231:c.
171:c.
54:.
1060:e
1053:t
1046:v
923:.
887:.
132:)
126:(
121:)
117:(
107:·
100:·
93:·
86:·
69:.
48:.
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