243:(YPJ). In the YPJ, women study the political theories of Öcalan, on whose ideology the foundations of the group were laid. For female participants in the reconstruction of northern Syria, jineology is seen as superior to Western feminism because it aims to reject all forms of hegemony, including patriarchy and positivism, in order to establish a more sustainable peace. This is because jineology is seen as more holistic and inclusive of all members of society. During the Rojava revolution, both men and women were required to study jineology and ecology, and jineology is integrated into the region's governance model rather than being treated as a separate issue focused on women's rights.
88:(PYD) and PKK. In 2005, the KCK abandoned its goal of establishing a separate Kurdish state and instead advocated for democratic confederalism. In 2012, the PYD gained control over a large portion of northern Syria and declared autonomy, implementing self-governance under the model of democratic confederalism. This region, known as Rojava or the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, made up around one fifth of Syrian territory before the Turkish invasion of the region in 2016. The PYD's paramilitary force consists of the People's Protection Units (YPG) and the Women's Protection Units (YPJ).
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combat against these state attacks. Self-defense extends into the intellectual domain with Rojava participants claiming the right to protect themselves from epistemic attacks by making decisions and generating awareness about themselves. It is for this reason that Women's and Youth
Committees were established, with veto power over decisions affecting them; it is also for this reason that women's and asayish academies exist, as well as jineology. Jineology is one of a range of courses offered at Kongreya Star's women's academy.
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female existence, such as "women's work". Jineology recognizes that the nation-state is closely linked to patriarchy and reproduces it because it is inherently hegemonic and masculinist. To describe this interconnectedness, jineologists use the term "statism-sexism-powerism" to emphasize the inseparability of these forms of hegemony.
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means of challenging patriarchy, they are also viewed in contrast to
Western feminism, which is associated with capitalism and statism. Despite this, the jineological principles embraced by Kurdish women are concerned with challenging patriarchy and the intersection of patriarchy with other forms of hegemony.
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Jineology is a discipline that seeks to recover and study knowledge about women in order to challenge the belief that women are inferior or "defective" versions of men and to address the exclusion of women from intellectual history. It aims to rehabilitate and value traditionally belittled aspects of
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umbrella organization, focused "on protecting each other, resisting ISIL and building an egalitarian community in the middle of a warzone." In the instance of ISIL, the YPG/YPJ resisted the organization's sexism. In the context of the
Turkish invasion of the area, the YPG/YPJ has engaged in sporadic
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Jineology, a set of principles that includes the rejection of the nation-state system, governance through democratic confederalism, and the promotion of self-sustainability through ecological awareness and collective armament, has been embraced by
Kurdish women. While these principles are seen as a
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The extent to which society can be thoroughly transformed is determined by the extent of the transformation attained by women. Similarly, the level of woman’s freedom and equality determines the freedom and equality of all sections of society. . . . For a democratic nation, woman’s freedom is of
65:(KCK) umbrella. From the background of honor-based religious and tribal rules that confine women in Middle East societies, Öcalan said that "a country can't be free unless the women are free", and that the level of women's freedom determines the level of freedom in society at large.
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a fundamental scientific term in order to fill the gaps that the current social sciences are incapable of doing. Jineology is built on the principle that without the freedom of women within society and without a real consciousness surrounding women no society can call itself
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The
Jineology-based agenda of "trying to break the honor-based religious and tribal rules that confine women" is controversial and overcoming controversy in conservative quarters of society in northern Syria. The development of Jineology is one of five pillars in the
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The
Kurdish women's liberation movement draws heavily upon the theory of Abdullah Öcalan, founder of the PKK. Öcalan coined the term ‘jineology’ and invented democratic confederalism, the system of government implemented in Rojava.
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160:, saying that the level of woman's freedom determines the level of freedom in society at large. To put into context the environment this comes from, violent oppression of women exists in the region in general, the
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great importance too, as liberated woman constitutes liberated society. Liberated society in turn constitutes democratic nation. Moreover, the need to reverse the role of man is of revolutionary importance.
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375:"Women vs. the Islamic State: The Kurds have a secret weapon against brutal jihadists — female fighters"
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156:Öcalan has said "a country can't be free unless the women are free", and echoed
219:(PYD). Consequently, women make up 40% of the Kurdish militia fighting in the
629:"Crackdown in Turkey Threatens a Haven of Gender Equality Built by Kurds",
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Cologne, Germany: International
Initiative Edition, 2013. Abdullah Öcalan.
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344:"One group battling Islamic State has a secret weapon – female fighters"
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112:) means "woman". Jineology is sometimes translated into English as the
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Lau, Anna; Baran, Erdelan; Sirinathsingh, Melanie (18 November 2016).
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524:"Syrian Kurds tackle conscription, underage marriages and polygamy"
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Politics of the
Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
307:"These female Kurdish soldiers wear their femininity with pride"
550:"The Women Leading a Social Revolution in Syria's Rojava"
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Form of feminism advocated by PKK leader
Abdullah Öcalan
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1997/98. Mahir Sayın, Abdullah Öcalan (interviewee).
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196:Jineology is a fundamental tenet of the KCK's
215:in northern Syria, led by the KCK-affiliated
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610:here at the International Initiative website
164:(ISIL) being the most radical emanation of
577:MacKenzie, Megan; Wegner, Nicole (2021).
460:"Jineology: The Kurdish Women's Movement"
404:MacKenzie, Megan; Wegner, Nicole (2021).
373:Argentieri, Benedetta (8 February 2015).
342:Argentieri, Benedetta (3 February 2015).
548:Clarke-Billings, Lucy (6 October 2016).
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494:"A Kurdish response to climate change"
465:Journal of Middle East Women's Studies
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598:Liberating life: Woman's Revolution.
229:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
204:' social revolution taking place in
162:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
431:Liberating life: Women's Revolution
235:. Women fight alongside men in the
125:Liberating life: Women's Revolution
57:, the representative leader of the
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530:. 15 November 2016. Archived from
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658:Feminist movements and ideologies
608:. A PDF of the book is available
580:Feminist Solutions for Ending War
407:Feminist Solutions for Ending War
26:(1998–2016) was a feminist and a
251:'s movement in Rojava with the
239:(YPG) as well as in their own
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187:(YPJ) with a standard uniform
168:-based subjugation of women.
68:Jineology is a component of
458:Düzgün, Meral (July 2016).
200:and as such central to the
146:Women’s Liberation Ideology
63:Kurdistan Communities Union
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237:People's Protection Units
653:Democratic confederalism
271:Rojava–Islamist conflict
241:Women's Protection Units
198:democratic confederalism
185:Women's Protection Units
148:describes jineology as "
142:Kurdistan Workers' Party
76:(also known as Rojava).
70:democratic confederalism
59:Kurdistan Workers' Party
28:Women's Protection Units
379:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
96:Definition and ideology
266:Uprisings led by women
217:Democratic Union Party
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86:Democratic Union Party
61:(PKK) and the broader
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534:on November 16, 2016.
474:Duke University Press
303:Argentieri, Benedetta
192:Jineology in practice
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276:Woman, Life, Freedom
504:on 12 November 2017
631:The New York Times
354:on 3 February 2015
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24:Asia Ramazan Antar
616:Killing the Male.
606:978-3-941012-82-0
444:978-3-941012-82-0
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227:regime and
104:, the word
642:Categories
282:References
43:Jineolojî
35:Jineology
555:Newsweek
528:ARA News
428:(2013).
260:See also
210:de facto
208:, their
144:(PKK)'s
131:writes:
127:(2013),
47:feminism
348:Reuters
102:Kurdish
80:History
49:and of
39:Kurdish
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476:: 284.
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311:Quartz
206:Rojava
472:(2).
435:(PDF)
202:Kurds
166:Namus
151:free.
602:ISBN
564:2016
510:2016
439:ISBN
386:2016
360:2016
318:2016
140:The
123:In
116:or
106:jin
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
