2876:
51:
334:
2555:
2694:
355:, set up this tablet, whereon is inscribed the Dispensation of our Redeemer, and the preaching of the apostolic missionaries to the King of China. "Adam the Deacon, son of Jazedbuzid, Vicar-episcopal. The Lord Sergius, Priest and Vicar-episcopal. Sabar Jesus, Priest. Gabriel, priest, Archdeacon, and Ecclesiarch of Cumdan and
303:. Sources also state that Adam translated (by imperial order) multiple Biblical texts into Chinese. The texts in question seemed to be paraphrases of certain portions of the New Testament and to a smaller extent, parts of the Old Testament. In 786, Adam helped an Indian Buddhist monk from
1043:
2592:
464:
1905:
1703:
808:
731:
507:
2528:
3070:
2504:
1809:
677:
2708:
2585:
934:
1898:
1103:
3075:
2499:
2439:
2226:
493:
La stèle chrétienne de Si-ngan-fou. 3 / par le P. Henri Havret,... ; avec la collab. du P. Louis
Cheikho,... [pour la IIIe partie]
703:
657:
595:
559:
532:
474:
430:
327:
in 787, who rejected the translation on the grounds it was faulty, corrupted, and confused by a fusion of
Buddhist and Nestorian concepts.
3060:
2578:
2100:
2875:
3055:
1891:
1872:
1839:
724:
1431:
2175:
960:
2824:
2429:
2169:
2163:
2772:
2424:
2211:
2070:
1768:
836:
378:
330:
Adam was bilingual in
Persian and Chinese. He may also have been literate in Syriac, Arabic and possibly Sogdian or Bactrian.
2906:
2494:
2144:
1673:
1290:
970:
717:
162:
50:
2409:
2004:
1693:
816:
2762:
2138:
1663:
1285:
1053:
1035:
1025:
1010:
308:
3065:
2767:
2718:
2601:
2511:
2328:
2187:
2085:
2079:
2049:
911:
754:
198:
2155:
2055:
1962:
1209:
985:
874:
864:
774:
769:
2755:
2130:
2018:
1937:
1726:
1343:
1328:
1048:
1015:
882:
287:. It has been posited that Adam was raised or born in China and received a Chinese education due to his grasp of
2987:
2956:
2723:
2368:
2232:
2026:
1783:
1773:
1688:
1300:
1224:
1166:
1161:
1156:
929:
854:
791:
779:
764:
2961:
1333:
1310:
1275:
1199:
2951:
2946:
2809:
2804:
2313:
2220:
1867:
1849:
1829:
1698:
1683:
1609:
1338:
1214:
1204:
1194:
1184:
1151:
1146:
821:
798:
2434:
1252:
1189:
343:"In the year of the Greeks one thousand and ninety-two, the Lord Jazedbuzid, Priest and Vicar-episcopal of
2966:
2890:
2819:
2353:
2338:
2196:
1970:
1951:
1814:
1731:
1305:
1229:
1141:
1063:
1020:
786:
324:
3014:
1594:
1295:
1280:
1257:
1247:
1136:
965:
849:
740:
524:
From the Oxus River to the
Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia
333:
844:
2921:
2648:
2484:
2318:
2293:
1710:
1524:
975:
64:
2559:
2533:
2388:
2373:
2333:
1914:
1788:
1589:
1489:
980:
859:
239:
696:
Persian
Christians at the Chinese Court: The Xi'an Stele and the Early Medieval Church of the East
2997:
2926:
2745:
2629:
2615:
2444:
2348:
2278:
1992:
1844:
1678:
924:
887:
501:
401:
202:
190:
238:), who was part of a fighting unit invited to come to China by the Tang court to help quell the
2750:
213:
Scholars place Adam's probable birth at around 750 or 751. Adam's father was named
Yazedbozid (
2992:
2911:
2855:
2489:
2253:
1928:
1778:
1741:
1514:
1348:
1219:
902:
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2860:
2378:
2303:
2109:
1985:
1922:
1758:
1634:
1083:
1058:
630:
393:
379:"Translating Biblical Texts into Chinese: The Pioneer Venture of the Nestorian Missionaries"
316:
491:
2639:
2471:
2454:
2449:
2273:
2268:
1945:
1793:
1763:
1751:
1559:
1539:
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1088:
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338:
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214:
194:
143:
56:
180:
3002:
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2713:
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2414:
2404:
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2030:
2008:
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919:
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1239:
1176:
1068:
405:
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2624:
2363:
2323:
2283:
2041:
1819:
1604:
1544:
1484:
1459:
1449:
1411:
1403:
1393:
1375:
1093:
995:
892:
759:
121:
242:. According to the Syriac text on the stele, Adam's grandfather was named Mailas (
585:
549:
522:
420:
3019:
3009:
2673:
2383:
1629:
1619:
1599:
1554:
1529:
1504:
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1320:
1267:
1073:
352:
284:
269:
397:
17:
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1614:
1584:
1534:
1479:
1469:
1454:
1439:
1421:
1388:
1383:
1128:
2784:
649:
Manichaeism in the Later Roman Empire and
Medieval China: A Historical Survey
2644:
2620:
2554:
2263:
1834:
1579:
1494:
2693:
201:
from 635 to 781. Many scholars believe he is also the author of the later
2814:
2634:
2516:
2419:
2258:
1639:
1519:
1416:
709:
3034:
2343:
1549:
826:
356:
344:
1883:
2678:
2117:
939:
551:
Confucius, the Buddha, and Christ: A History of the Gospel in
Chinese
170:
131:
60:
678:"The Nestorian Monument: An Ancient Record of Christianity in China"
2477:
2288:
2121:
1824:
1569:
348:
332:
2574:
1887:
713:
291:
and
Chinese religious thought that's observed in his writings.
347:
the royal city, son of the enlightened Mailas, Priest of
490:
Havret, Henri (1848–1901) Auteur du texte (1895–1902).
193:
monk and scholar in China. He composed the text on the
278:
273:
263:
258:
248:
243:
223:
218:
152:
147:
422:景教: The Church of the East in China and Central Asia
2975:
2939:
2899:
2883:
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2839:
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2738:
2701:
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2397:
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2206:
2185:
2154:
2129:
2099:
2065:
2040:
2017:
1984:
1961:
1936:
1921:
1858:
1802:
1719:
1662:
1568:
1430:
1402:
1374:
1361:
1319:
1266:
1238:
1175:
1127:
1118:
1034:
953:
910:
901:
873:
835:
807:
747:
463:Kurian, George Thomas; III, James D. Smith (2010).
323:) to Chinese. The translated text was presented to
127:
117:
109:
101:
89:
77:
72:
34:
337:Jingjing/Adam is mentioned several times in the
632:History of the Kingdom of China (Vol. 1&2)
629:Mendoza, Juan González de (17 December 2020).
2586:
1899:
725:
584:Gillman, Ian; Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim (1999).
8:
652:. Manchester University Press. p. 180.
2810:Three Persian religions of the Tang dynasty
506:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2845:
2663:
2593:
2579:
2571:
2529:Malankara–Persian ecclesiastical relations
2126:
2014:
1933:
1906:
1892:
1884:
1371:
1124:
907:
732:
718:
710:
299:Around 781, Adam composed the text of the
49:
31:
2709:Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho
935:Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho
554:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 26.
425:. Institut Monumenta Serica. p. 93.
386:Technical Papers for the Bible Translator
466:The Encyclopedia of Christian Literature
419:Malek, Roman; Hofrichter, Peter (2006).
2500:Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq
369:
185:
2227:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India
521:Tang, Li; Winkler, Dietmar W. (2013).
499:
197:, which described the history of the
7:
458:
456:
454:
444:
442:
274:
259:
244:
219:
148:
1873:National Christian Council of China
527:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 114.
313:Sutra of the Six Mahayana Paramitas
157:), also known by his Chinese name
25:
3071:Chinese people of Iranian descent
2505:Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora
2176:Malabar Independent Syrian Church
590:. Psychology Press. p. 282.
2874:
2825:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
2768:Nestorian Gloria in excelsis Deo
2692:
2553:
2170:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
2164:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
469:. Scarecrow Press. p. 251.
377:Toshikazu S. Foley (July 2008).
59:in the Xian Nestorian Stele, in
3076:Christians from Imperial China
2907:Christianity among the Mongols
2495:Assyrian independence movement
2145:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
1674:Catholic Patriotic Association
1291:Christianity in Inner Mongolia
587:Christians in Asia Before 1500
234:
229:
175:
166:
1:
1694:Three-Self Patriotic Movement
2763:Sutra of Hearing the Messiah
1286:Christianity in Heilongjiang
311:translate the Buddhist text
279:
264:
249:
224:
153:
3061:8th-century Christian monks
2719:Nestorian pillar of Luoyang
2602:Church of the East in China
2512:Terms for Syriac Christians
2329:Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa
2188:Assyrian Church of the East
2086:Assyrian Pentecostal Church
2080:Assyrian Evangelical Church
2050:Assyrian Church of the East
1815:Anti-sex-selective abortion
755:Timeline of Chinese history
646:Lieu, Samuel N. C. (1985).
199:Church of the East in China
3092:
3056:8th-century Chinese people
2056:Ancient Church of the East
1840:Chinese Christian Colleges
961:Franciscan missions (Yuan)
775:Catholic Church in Shaanxi
770:Catholic Church in Sichuan
664:Lo-yang (Sarag in Sogdian)
398:10.1177/026009350805900301
315:from an Iranian language (
67:(reads from right to left)
2872:
2690:
2542:
2114:(active 1st century–1601)
1820:Anti-footbinding campaign
1344:Christianity in Hong Kong
1329:Christianity in Guangdong
1185:Christianity in Chongqing
1049:Medical missions in China
1026:St. Paul's College, Macau
1016:Chinese Rites controversy
883:Hymns of Universal Praise
698:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
610:Godwin (2018), p. 145-146
253:), and was a priest from
93:unknown, but after 781 CE
48:
41:
2988:Arthur Christopher Moule
2866:Patriarch Yahballaha III
2724:Mogao Christian painting
2369:Dionysius of Vattasseril
2233:Believers Eastern Church
2027:Chaldean Catholic Church
1784:Second Sino-Japanese War
1301:Christianity in Liaoning
1225:Christianity in Xinjiang
1167:Christianity in Zhejiang
1162:Christianity in Shanghai
1157:Christianity in Shandong
971:Foreign Missions Society
930:Mogao Christian painting
855:Studium Biblicum Version
792:Protestantism in Sichuan
780:Catholic Church in Tibet
765:Catholic Church in China
694:Godwin, R. Todd (2018).
339:Nestorian Stele of Xi'an
2805:Emperor Taizong of Tang
2560:Christianity portal
2314:Mar Sabor and Mar Proth
2221:Mar Thoma Syrian Church
2101:Saint Thomas Christians
1868:China Christian Council
1850:Sino-Christian theology
1769:Anti-Christian Movement
1699:China Christian Council
1684:The Christian Manifesto
1334:Christianity in Guangxi
1311:Christianity in Tianjin
1276:Christianity in Beijing
1215:Christianity in Sichuan
1210:Christianity in Shaanxi
1205:Christianity in Qinghai
1200:Christianity in Ningxia
1195:Christianity in Guizhou
1152:Christianity in Jiangxi
1147:Christianity in Jiangsu
986:Giovanni de' Marignolli
865:Today's Chinese Version
799:Chinese Orthodox Church
3025:Patriarch Gewargis III
2891:Cross Temple, Fangshan
2820:Emperor Wuzong of Tang
2354:Ignatius Andrew Akijan
2339:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
2197:Chaldean Syrian Church
1971:Syriac Orthodox Church
1952:Syriac Catholic Church
1810:Science and technology
1732:Century of humiliation
1664:Church-state relations
1490:Mary Stone (Shi Meiyu)
1455:Deng Yuzhi (Cora Deng)
1339:Christianity in Hainan
1306:Christianity in Shanxi
1230:Christianity in Yunnan
1142:Christianity in Fujian
1064:Divie Bethune McCartee
1021:Martyr Saints of China
1011:Frédéric-Vincent Lebbe
966:Jesuit missions (Ming)
787:Protestantism in China
548:Covell, Ralph (2004).
360:
189:), was an 8th-century
2976:Related modern people
2674:Patriarch Ishoyahb II
1595:Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei
1349:Christianity in Macau
1296:Christianity in Jilin
1281:Christianity in Hebei
1258:Christianity in Hunan
1253:Christianity in Hubei
1248:Christianity in Henan
1220:Christianity in Tibet
1190:Christianity in Gansu
1137:Christianity in Anhui
850:Chinese Union Version
741:Christianity in China
676:Holm, Frits Vilhelm.
619:Godwin (2018), p. 176
448:Godwin (2018), p. 142
336:
2922:John of Montecorvino
2649:Sino-Roman relations
2485:Assyrian nationalism
2430:Koy Sanjaq Christian
2415:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
2405:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
2319:Dionysius bar Salibi
2294:Philoxenus of Mabbug
2147:(West Syriac) (1932)
2141:(East Syriac) (1665)
1835:Cantonese Roman Type
1666:in People's Republic
1525:John Ching Hsiung Wu
976:John of Montecorvino
574:Godwin (2018), p. 10
2534:Syriac sacral music
2389:Baselios Paulose II
2374:Geevarghese Ivanios
2334:Abraham of Angamaly
2139:Syro-Malabar Church
1915:Syriac Christianity
1859:Interdenominational
1825:Anti-opium campaign
1789:Cultural Revolution
1689:Protestant Lianghui
1590:Aloysius Jin Luxian
1362:Chinese Christians
981:Odoric of Pordenone
860:Chinese New Version
240:An Lushan Rebellion
3066:Iranian Christians
2927:John of Marignolli
2746:Jingjiao Documents
2630:Church of the East
2616:Thomas the Apostle
2609:Context and origin
2410:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
2349:Abraham Koorilos I
2279:Severus of Antioch
2212:Eastern Protestant
2071:Eastern Protestant
1999:"Nestorian Church"
1993:Church of the East
1845:Manchurian revival
1830:Chinese Roman Type
1679:Underground church
925:Jingjiao Documents
912:Church of the East
888:Chinese New Hymnal
845:Delegates' Version
837:Bible translations
361:
203:Jingjiao Documents
3043:
3042:
3035:Patriarch Awa III
2993:Reginald Johnston
2935:
2934:
2912:Sorghaghtani Beki
2856:Simeon Rabban Ata
2835:
2834:
2568:
2567:
2490:Assyrian homeland
2478:Assyrian genocide
2254:Ephrem the Syrian
2242:
2241:
2156:Oriental Orthodox
2095:
2094:
1980:
1979:
1963:Oriental Orthodox
1929:Church of Antioch
1881:
1880:
1779:Chinese Civil War
1764:Xinhai Revolution
1742:Taiping Rebellion
1727:Rites controversy
1658:
1657:
1515:Francis C. M. Wei
1368:
1357:
1356:
1114:
1113:
704:978-1-78673-316-0
659:978-0-7190-1088-0
597:978-0-7007-1022-5
561:978-1-59244-533-2
534:978-3-643-90329-7
476:978-0-8108-7283-7
432:978-3-8050-0534-0
289:Classical Chinese
137:
136:
16:(Redirected from
3083:
3006:
2878:
2861:Rabban Bar Sauma
2846:
2788:
2776:
2759:
2696:
2664:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2572:
2558:
2557:
2445:Syriac Malayalam
2379:Coorilos Paulose
2304:Isaac the Syrian
2131:Eastern Catholic
2127:
2110:Malankara Church
2019:Eastern Catholic
2015:
1938:Eastern Catholic
1934:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1885:
1774:Nanjing incident
1759:Tianjin Massacre
1372:
1364:
1125:
1084:Jonathan Goforth
908:
734:
727:
720:
711:
682:
681:
673:
667:
666:
643:
637:
636:
626:
620:
617:
611:
608:
602:
601:
581:
575:
572:
566:
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545:
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518:
512:
511:
505:
497:
487:
481:
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460:
449:
446:
437:
436:
416:
410:
409:
383:
374:
282:
277:
276:
267:
262:
261:
252:
247:
246:
236:
231:
227:
222:
221:
191:Syriac Christian
187:
177:
168:
156:
151:
150:
53:
32:
21:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3000:
2971:
2931:
2895:
2879:
2870:
2831:
2793:
2782:
2770:
2753:
2734:
2697:
2688:
2653:
2640:Nestorian cross
2604:
2599:
2569:
2564:
2552:
2546:* Defunct with
2538:
2472:Assyrian people
2460:
2393:
2274:Jacob of Serugh
2269:Jacob Baradaeus
2238:
2202:
2181:
2150:
2115:
2113:
2106:
2104:
2091:
2061:
2036:
2002:
1996:
1989:
1976:
1957:
1946:Maronite Church
1926:
1917:
1912:
1882:
1877:
1860:
1854:
1798:
1794:Boluan Fanzheng
1752:Boxer Rebellion
1715:
1665:
1654:
1571:
1564:
1560:David Z. T. Yui
1540:Y. C. James Yen
1445:Chiang Kai-shek
1426:
1398:
1366:
1363:
1353:
1315:
1262:
1234:
1171:
1120:
1110:
1089:Cambridge Seven
1079:Timothy Richard
1054:Robert Morrison
1030:
949:
903:Mission history
897:
869:
831:
803:
743:
738:
691:
686:
685:
675:
674:
670:
660:
645:
644:
640:
628:
627:
623:
618:
614:
609:
605:
598:
583:
582:
578:
573:
569:
562:
547:
546:
542:
535:
520:
519:
515:
498:
489:
488:
484:
477:
462:
461:
452:
447:
440:
433:
418:
417:
413:
381:
376:
375:
371:
366:
342:
301:Nestorian Stele
297:
295:Nestorian stele
283:), in northern
211:
195:Nestorian Stele
97:
94:
85:
82:
68:
44:
37:
36:Adam / Jingjing
30:
23:
22:
18:Jingjing (monk)
15:
12:
11:
5:
3089:
3087:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3048:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2777:
2765:
2760:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2575:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2550:
2548:schism of 1552
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2359:Cyril VI Tanas
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2299:Thomas of Cana
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2217:
2215:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2193:
2191:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2160:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2142:
2135:
2133:
2124:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2076:
2074:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2046:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2023:
2021:
2012:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1967:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1949:
1942:
1940:
1931:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1670:
1668:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1369:
1365:(by period of
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1133:
1131:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1099:Gladys Aylward
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1006:Angelo Zottoli
1003:
1001:Joachim Bouvet
998:
993:
991:Francis Xavier
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
957:
955:
951:
950:
948:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
916:
914:
905:
899:
898:
896:
895:
890:
885:
879:
877:
871:
870:
868:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
841:
839:
833:
832:
830:
829:
824:
819:
813:
811:
805:
804:
802:
801:
796:
795:
794:
784:
783:
782:
777:
772:
762:
757:
751:
749:
745:
744:
739:
737:
736:
729:
722:
714:
708:
707:
690:
687:
684:
683:
668:
658:
638:
621:
612:
603:
596:
576:
567:
560:
540:
533:
513:
482:
475:
450:
438:
431:
411:
392:(3): 113–121.
368:
367:
365:
362:
325:Emperor Dezong
296:
293:
210:
207:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
113:8th century CE
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
75:
74:
70:
69:
65:Written Hebrew
54:
46:
45:
42:
39:
38:
35:
29:Christian monk
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3088:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3030:Martin Palmer
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3004:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2591:
2589:
2584:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2522:Phoenicianism
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2184:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2111:
2102:
2098:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1983:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1897:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:organisations
1857:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1747:Yangzhou riot
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1661:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1510:Wang Ming-Dao
1508:
1506:
1505:Tseng Pao-sun
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:Lu Zhengxiang
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1412:Hong Xiuchuan
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1360:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1069:Hudson Taylor
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1059:Karl Gützlaff
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
958:
956:
952:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
915:
913:
909:
906:
904:
900:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
878:
876:
872:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
842:
840:
838:
834:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
812:
810:
809:Terms for God
806:
800:
797:
793:
790:
789:
788:
785:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
767:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
752:
750:
746:
742:
735:
730:
728:
723:
721:
716:
715:
712:
705:
701:
697:
693:
692:
688:
679:
672:
669:
665:
661:
655:
651:
650:
642:
639:
634:
633:
625:
622:
616:
613:
607:
604:
599:
593:
589:
588:
580:
577:
571:
568:
563:
557:
553:
552:
544:
541:
536:
530:
526:
525:
517:
514:
509:
503:
496:. p. 61.
495:
494:
486:
483:
478:
472:
468:
467:
459:
457:
455:
451:
445:
443:
439:
434:
428:
424:
423:
415:
412:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
380:
373:
370:
363:
358:
354:
350:
346:
340:
335:
331:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
294:
292:
290:
286:
281:
271:
266:
256:
251:
241:
237:
226:
216:
208:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
182:
178:
172:
164:
160:
155:
145:
141:
133:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
92:
88:
80:
76:
71:
66:
62:
58:
52:
47:
40:
33:
27:
19:
2983:Paul Pelliot
2841:Yuan dynasty
2731:(speculated)
2729:Daqin Pagoda
2683:
2659:Tang dynasty
2625:Nestorianism
2457:(Liturgical)
2364:Elias Mellus
2324:Bar Hebraeus
2284:Paul the Jew
2108:
1998:
1991:
1925:, legacy of
1711:House church
1610:Liu Xiaofeng
1605:Lin Shengben
1545:Ying Lianzhi
1485:Watchman Nee
1460:Feng Yuxiang
1450:Cheng Jingyi
1394:Yang Tingyun
1104:
1094:Eric Liddell
996:Matteo Ricci
944:
893:Canaan Hymns
760:Christianity
695:
689:Bibliography
671:
663:
648:
641:
635:. p. 9.
631:
624:
615:
606:
586:
579:
570:
550:
543:
523:
516:
492:
485:
465:
421:
414:
389:
385:
372:
329:
312:
298:
280:Takhouristan
233:
212:
184:
174:
158:
139:
138:
122:Nestorianism
105:Christianity
26:
3020:F. S. Drake
3010:P. Y. Saeki
3001: [
2998:Haneda Toru
2783: [
2771: [
2754: [
2714:Xi'an Stele
2384:Thoma Darmo
2247:Key figures
2186:Nestorian (
1988:, legacy of
1986:East Syriac
1923:West Syriac
1630:Wang Weifan
1620:Matthias Lu
1600:Samuel Lamb
1555:Paul Yu Pin
1530:Wu Leichuan
1465:Francis Hsu
1367:prominence)
1119:By province
1074:Lottie Moon
920:Xi'an Stele
748:Foundations
285:Afghanistan
270:Tokharistan
228:, Chinese:
186:Ching-ching
3050:Categories
2917:Marco Polo
2309:John Maron
2208:Protestant
2067:Protestant
1737:Opium Wars
1704:Seminaries
1650:Zhao Fusan
1645:Allen Yuan
1625:K. H. Ting
1615:Lü Xiaomin
1585:He Guanghu
1535:Wu Yi-fang
1500:Sun Yatsen
1480:Ma Xiangbo
1470:Jia Yuming
1440:T. C. Chao
1422:Xi Shengmo
1389:Xu Guangqi
1384:Candida Xu
1121:and region
1036:Protestant
364:References
351:a city of
225:Yazedbuzid
181:Wade–Giles
128:Occupation
110:Flourished
81:750/751 CE
55:"Adam" in
3015:Chen Yuan
2940:By region
2751:Yishenlun
2702:Artifacts
2645:Silk Road
2621:Nestorius
2398:Languages
2264:Nestorius
2105:legacy of
2042:Nestorian
1580:Joseph Gu
1495:John Sung
1105:(more...)
502:cite book
406:163841626
353:Turkestan
275:ܬܟ݂ܘܪܝܣܬܢ
209:Biography
2957:Xinjiang
2815:Guo Ziyi
2739:Writings
2635:Peshitta
2517:Arameans
2474:/Syriac
2465:See also
2425:Hertevin
2420:Garshuni
2259:Aphrahat
1640:Y. T. Wu
1572:Republic
1570:People's
1520:Paul Wei
1432:Republic
1417:Liang Fa
1044:Agencies
954:Catholic
321:Bactrian
220:ܝܙܕܒܘܙܝܕ
176:Jǐngjìng
159:Jingjing
102:Religion
73:Personal
43:ܐܕܡ / 景淨
2962:Beijing
2952:Sichuan
2947:Shaanxi
2900:Related
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2780:Zunjing
2344:Thoma I
1635:Wang Yi
1550:Dora Yu
1240:Central
827:Shangdi
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317:Sogdian
307:called
305:Kapisha
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2235:(2017)
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61:Hebrew
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875:Hymns
402:S2CID
382:(PDF)
357:Sarag
268:) in
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96:China
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2009:1552
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1129:East
945:Adam
822:Shen
700:ISBN
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508:link
471:ISBN
427:ISBN
260:ܒܠܟ݂
235:Yīsī
154:Adam
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90:Died
78:Born
2116:in
2005:410
394:doi
319:or
149:ܐܕܡ
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