31:
47:
608:
437:
precedent. Brazilian law allows for expedited licensing for eco-friendly projects described by the
Worldwatch institute as "kindler, gentler dams with smaller reservoirs, designed to lessen social and environmental impacts." The Worldwatch Institute insists that no project should "fast-track the licensing of new dams in Amazonia and allow projects to circumvent Brazil's tough environmental laws".
594:
580:
360:, Brazil. The dam's hydroelectric power stations have 50 turbines each 75 MW resulting total installed capacity of 3,750 MW. The power plant's first unit was commissioned in September 2013, the 16th in November 2014, 24th in February 2015, the 41st in December 2015, and the last in December 2016. Most of the power is designed to be exported to south-eastern Brazil via the
54:
450:
responsible for building the Jirau dam. A coalition of non-governmental organizations called for dam construction to be halted, and questions were raised during annual meeting of GDF Suez. After more than 10 years in operation, no one single Indian tribe was found in the region impacted by Jirau dam.
536:
She was known in the region for the struggle in defense of the affected populations, denouncing human rights violations committed by the consortium responsible for the Jirau power plant, called
Energia Sustentável do Brasil (ESBR). Nicinha was daughter of rubber extractors who came from the Brazilian
532:
was found on 21 June 2016 in the hydro-power dam's lake of Jirau. Nicinha, leadership of MAB in Rondônia was missing since 7 January 2016. Her body was found only 400 meters away from where she used to live. Her body was found by the workers of the dam, her hands and feet were tied by a rope and tied
473:
Because both the Jirau and Santo
Antonio dams are run-of-the-river projects, neither dam impounds a large reservoir. Both dams also feature significant environmental re-mediation efforts. As a consequence, there has not been strong environmental opposition to the implementation of the Madeira river
436:
claim that many legal criteria were rubber-stamped before all questions from impacted groups had been addressed. The dam's social impacts received the majority of substantive criticism (see below). However, environmental groups noted that the fast track approval for the
Madeira dams sets a dangerous
519:
capable of raising and lowering oceangoing vessels. If the project is completed, "more than 4,000 km of waterways upstream from the dams in Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru would become navigable." Hence, if the project is completed, both
Bolivian commercial vessels and the Bolivian navy would have
380:
in Brazil, construction of both dams was accelerated in 2009. The total estimated cost of the two facilities currently under construction is $ 15.6 billion ($ 8 billion for Jirau), including about $ 10 billion for the civil engineering and power plants, and $ 5 billion for ship locks, transmission
490:
Construction on the dam was halted on 18 March 2011 as workers rioted; setting fire to buses and destroying part of the worker housing. Wages and the treatment by security officials was attributed to the rioting. Additional security personal had to be sent to the site and construction was halted.
449:
predicts that there may be un-contacted indigenous populations in the region that will be affected by the
Madeira complex. Most of the affected populations are nearest to the Jirau dam. The threat to uncontacted Indians has motivated both internal and external criticism of ESBR, the contractor
418:
for a total installed capacity of 3,750 MW. The reservoir created by the dam has a surface area of 258 km (100 sq mi) of which 135 km (52 sq mi) is the original riverbed. Bulb turbines are a variation of the Kaplan turbine, with the main differences being that bulb
385:, an effort by South American governments to integrate the continent's infrastructure with new investments in transportation, energy, and communication. Construction on the project was temporary halted in March 2011, February 2012 and April 2013 due to worker riots or strikes.
410:-core. Its structural volume is 2,000,000 m (70,629,333 cu ft) of which 17,000 m (600,349 cu ft) is asphalt. The dam's spillway consists of 21 gates and has a maximum discharge of 82,000 m/s (2,895,803 cu ft/s). The
729:
474:
complex. However, critics point out that if the fish ladders fail, "several valuable migratory fish species could suffer near-extinction as a result of the
Madeira dams." Jirau's environmentally friendly design earned the plant registration under the "
382:
375:
and Jirau), a third on the border of Brazil and
Bolivia, and a fourth station inside Bolivia. Two of these, Santo Antonio and Jirau, are already operating, while the smaller upstream dams are still in the planning stages. In part due to
775:
401:
The Jirau Dam is a combination embankment dam with concrete sections for the power stations and spillway. The length of the entire dam is 1,100 m (3,609 ft) while the embankment section is 800 m (2,625 ft). The
736:
431:
Brazilian law requires water impoundments to undergo a very thorough approval process to ensure that each project meets environmental, social, political, and safety criteria. However, critics of the Jirau and
458:
392:
approved an additional US$ 1.6 billion for the project in
September 2012. The extra funding will add six more 75 MW bulb turbine-generators to the power station (a total of 50) and pay for transmission lines.
1036:
549:, where she lived almost fifty years and was evicted along with other fishers due to the construction of the dam. The encampment where they had lived had no access to clean water or electricity.
566:
His killer, Edione Pessoa da Silva, who was in prison after confessing to murder
Nicinha, escaped from the State Penitentiary "Edvan Mariano Rosendo", located in Porto Velho (RO) in April 2016.
563:
and the State Prosecutor's Office on the non-implementation of the Program of Support to Fishing Activity and another of criminal character, because of data manipulation in monitoring reports.
445:
The most frequent objection is that the dam builders failed to adequately consult with indigenous peoples, as required by law. The Brazilian government indigenous protection foundation
419:
turbines are installed horizontally and are generally considered to be slightly more efficient. The power plant is constructed by Energias Sustentáveis do Brasil and Brazilian company
646:
1092:
482:. Jirau is the largest renewable energy plant to earn the CDM, which is awarded to innovative projects that help to solve environmental problems such as climate change.
515:, awaiting an eventual recovery of access to the sea. The Madeira river complex presents an opportunity for Bolivia because all of the hydroelectric dams would feature
465:
for the non-accomplishment of some of the conditions previewed by the environmental license and for the indemnification for losses on the traditional fishers' revenues.
1044:
1208:
819:
915:
555:
made several complaints over the years, attending public hearings and events, including, pointed out the serious impacts of predatory fishing activity on the
1037:"Ministério Público pede à Justiça Federal em Porto Velho cancelamento da licença de operação da Hidrelétrica de Jirau | Água e energia não são mercadorias!"
681:
761:
1171:
658:
1118:
703:
560:
834:
507:
in 1884. Many Bolivians feel a deep and lasting bitterness due to this loss, and the Bolivian military continues to build and maintain an
941:
446:
367:
The dam is part of a planned four power plant Madeira river hydroelectric complex, which will consist of two dams in Brazil (3,580 MW
623:
1096:
94:
46:
1216:
963:
1243:
864:
377:
919:
475:
890:
462:
389:
491:
Workers went on strike at Jirau and Santo Antonio in April 2013 after a salary increase proposal was rejected.
30:
799:
Initiatives for the Improvement of the South American Market of Roaming Services Analysis and Recommendations
1178:
613:
361:
1144:
1066:
516:
707:
508:
433:
368:
842:
262:
169:
504:
500:
300:
755:
420:
381:
lines, and environmental re-mediation. The Madeira river hydroelectric complex is part of the
1172:
Effects of Energy and Transportation Projects on Soybean Expansion in the Madeira River Basin
411:
407:
1209:"Nicinha's body is found after five months missing | Água e energia não são mercadorias!"
528:
The body of the Brazilian environmental activist Nilce de Souza Magalhães, also known as
479:
415:
403:
313:
293:
277:
1237:
585:
556:
512:
353:
287:
194:
520:
access to the open ocean, and lucrative sea lanes, for the first time in 120 years.
599:
538:
1014:
607:
546:
542:
372:
357:
81:
332:
967:
628:
575:
383:
Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America
1119:"Brazil's Jirau hydro project world's largest CDM-registered renewable plant"
109:
96:
682:"Commissioning of turbines at Brazil's 3,750-MW Jirau nearing halfway point"
593:
559:. The complaints generated two civil investigations being conducted by the
306:
629:
Jirau and Santo Antônio: tales of an Amazonian war (video documentary)
1093:"Madeira River Basin: Hydropower dams in the heart of the Amazon"
820:
The New York Times: Amid Brazil’s Rush to Develop, Workers Resist
706:. Energia Sustentável do Brasil. 22 December 2015. Archived from
659:"Aneel authorizes 16th turbine hydroelectric Jirau, in Rondônia"
647:
Enerdata: First 75 MW turbine commissioned at 3,750 MW Jirau dam
319:
181:
1009:
1007:
964:"Environmental lawsuits filed against Madeira dam projects"
865:"Brazil's development bank approves new loan for Jirau dam"
835:"Workers remain on strike in hydro Jirau and Santo Antônio"
987:
985:
220:
2,000,000 m (70,629,333 cu ft) (embankment)
776:"Brazil to Build $ 15.6 Billion in Dams in Amazon Region"
352:
is a rock-fill dam with an asphalt-concrete core, in the
942:"Jirau dam, responding to Brazil's growing energy needs"
798:
1177:(Report). Conservation Strategy Fund. Archived from
704:"UHE Jirau fecha o ano com 41 turbinas em operação"
406:is arched, 63 m (207 ft) tall and has an
312:
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258:
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133:
125:
88:
77:
69:
23:
1015:"Amazon mega-dams endanger uncontacted Indians"
1145:"Brazil Sends Forces to Jirau Dam After Riots"
841:(in Portuguese). 11 April 2013. Archived from
453:Moreover, federal prosecutors are suing ESBR (
236:82,000 m/s (2,895,803 cu ft/s)
8:
1095:. World Wildlife Fund Global. Archived from
503:since it lost its coastline to Chile in the
457:), the company responsible for the dam, the
1017:. Survival: the Movement for Tribal Peoples
797:José María Díaz Batanero (February 2010).
459:Brazilian Institute of Environment (IBAMA)
29:
20:
966:. Bank Information Center. Archived from
829:
827:
639:
414:dam's power station contain 50 x 75 MW
1000:(1). Worldwatch Institute: 8–18. 2010.
760:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
753:
186:Embankment, concrete gravity composite
1203:
1201:
1199:
1067:"Brazil Engineers a Critic-Proof Dam"
7:
778:. Water World – PennWell Corporation
680:Harris, Michael (27 February 2015).
524:Killing of an environmental activist
1170:Maria del Carmen Vera-Diaz (2009).
61:Location of the Jirau Dam in Brazil
896:(in Portuguese). Eletrobras Furnas
463:Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES)
14:
249:258 km (100 sq mi)
53:
624:List of power stations in Brazil
606:
592:
578:
52:
45:
1:
455:Energia Sustentável do Brasil
228:Overflow, 21 controlled gates
801:(Report) (in Spanish). IIRSA
378:the 2001–2002 power shortage
212:1,500 m (4,921 ft)
992:"Greenwashing Hydropower".
661:. Rondonia. 4 November 2014
561:Federal Prosecutor's Office
541:to the city of Abuna (near
476:Clean Development Mechanism
335:.energiasustentaveldobrasil
1260:
918:. Veidekke. Archived from
390:Brazilian Development Bank
495:Opportunities for Bolivia
325:
282:15.10 m (50 ft)
40:
28:
73:Usina Hidrelétrica Jirau
1149:The Wall Street Journal
1071:The Wall Street Journal
614:Renewable energy portal
478:" (CDM) program of the
362:Rio Madeira HVDC system
301:Installed capacity
204:63 m (207 ft)
134:Construction began
18:Dam in Rondônia, Brazil
1213:www.mabnacional.org.br
1041:www.mabnacional.org.br
314:Annual generation
233:Spillway capacity
150:Construction cost
182:Type of dam
35:Site of the Jirau Dam
970:on 28 September 2011
269:Commission date
110:9.26667°S 64.64917°W
922:on 4 September 2011
916:"Jirau dam, Brasil"
871:. 28 September 2012
710:on 17 February 2017
499:Bolivia has been a
115:-9.26667; -64.64917
106: /
1219:on 7 November 2016
1184:on 12 October 2007
1047:on 8 November 2016
505:war of the pacific
501:landlocked country
225:Spillway type
1099:on 2 October 2012
434:Santo Antonio dam
369:Santo Antônio Dam
358:state of Rondônia
346:
345:
246:Surface area
176:Dam and spillways
142:Opening date
1251:
1244:Dams in Rondônia
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1215:. Archived from
1205:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
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1141:
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1089:
1083:
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1080:
1078:
1073:. 6 October 2010
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1043:. Archived from
1033:
1027:
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1024:
1022:
1011:
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989:
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772:
766:
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749:
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742:on 28 April 2019
741:
735:. Archived from
734:
726:
720:
719:
717:
715:
700:
694:
693:
691:
689:
684:. HydroWorld.com
677:
671:
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616:
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588:
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412:run-of-the-river
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107:
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33:
21:
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1151:. 18 March 2011
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935:
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914:
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909:
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897:
893:
891:"Jirau Project"
889:
888:
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858:
848:
846:
845:on 4 March 2016
833:
832:
825:
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804:
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796:
795:
791:
781:
779:
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773:
769:
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743:
739:
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730:"Archived copy"
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579:
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509:open ocean navy
497:
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471:
443:
429:
399:
371:at the city of
331:
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217:Dam volume
114:
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5:
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1195:
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1136:
1110:
1084:
1058:
1028:
1003:
981:
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933:
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823:
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789:
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525:
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496:
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487:
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480:United Nations
470:
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428:
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421:Camargo Correa
404:embankment dam
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278:Hydraulic head
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595:
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586:Brazil portal
576:
569:
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564:
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558:
557:Madeira River
554:
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531:
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518:
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513:Lake Titicaca
510:
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481:
477:
469:Environmental
468:
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460:
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426:
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417:
416:bulb turbines
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354:Madeira River
351:
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308:
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298:
295:
294:bulb turbines
291:
289:
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271:
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263:Jirau Energia
261:
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254:Power Station
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195:Madeira River
193:
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170:Jirau Energia
168:
164:
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153:US$ 8 billion
152:
148:
145:December 2016
144:
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137:December 2008
136:
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91:
87:
83:
80:
76:
72:
70:Official name
68:
48:
39:
32:
27:
22:
16:
1221:. Retrieved
1217:the original
1212:
1186:. Retrieved
1179:the original
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1148:
1139:
1127:. Retrieved
1125:. 6 May 2013
1122:
1113:
1101:. Retrieved
1097:the original
1087:
1075:. Retrieved
1070:
1061:
1049:. Retrieved
1045:the original
1040:
1031:
1019:. Retrieved
997:
993:
972:. Retrieved
968:the original
958:
946:. Retrieved
936:
924:. Retrieved
920:the original
910:
898:. Retrieved
885:
873:. Retrieved
868:
859:
847:. Retrieved
843:the original
838:
815:
803:. Retrieved
792:
780:. Retrieved
770:
744:. Retrieved
737:the original
724:
712:. Retrieved
708:the original
698:
686:. Retrieved
675:
663:. Retrieved
653:
642:
600:Water portal
565:
552:
551:
535:
529:
527:
498:
489:
472:
454:
452:
444:
430:
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387:
366:
349:
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326:
318:19 100
15:
1129:30 December
1123:Hydro World
994:World Watch
875:26 February
543:Porto Velho
533:to a rock.
373:Porto Velho
305:3,750
292:50 x 75 MW
259:Operator(s)
166:Operator(s)
129:Operational
113: /
89:Coordinates
1223:7 November
1051:7 November
944:. GDF Suez
714:1 February
665:26 January
635:References
517:ship locks
101:64°38′57″W
746:23 August
537:state of
350:Jirau Dam
272:2013–2016
241:Reservoir
98:9°16′00″S
24:Jirau Dam
1238:Category
756:cite web
688:1 August
570:See also
547:Rondonia
530:Nicinha,
461:and the
288:Turbines
191:Impounds
158:Owner(s)
84:, Brazil
82:Rondônia
78:Location
1155:2 April
1077:2 April
974:2 April
948:2 April
926:2 April
900:2 April
869:Reuters
839:Reuters
782:2 April
553:Nicinha
427:Impacts
408:asphalt
356:in the
327:Website
1188:7 July
1103:7 July
1021:7 July
849:1 June
805:7 July
441:Social
397:Design
209:Length
201:Height
126:Status
1182:(PDF)
1175:(PDF)
894:(PDF)
740:(PDF)
733:(PDF)
545:) in
486:Labor
447:FUNAI
1225:2016
1190:2011
1157:2011
1131:2014
1105:2011
1079:2011
1053:2016
1023:2011
976:2011
950:2011
928:2011
902:2011
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