474:
159:, one to the spirits of fallen warriors who died fighting far from home, and the concluding verse. The reason for the discrepancy between the 9 verses referred to in the title and the fact that there are actually 11 is uncertain, although an important question, which has had several possible explanations put forth. Of these explanations, some may be rooted in general Chinese number magic or symbology. More specifically, David Hawkes points out that "nine songs" is referenced in the seminal
935:(殤) means to "die young". Put together, the title refers to those who meet death in the course of fighting for their country. David Hawkes describes it as "surely one of the most beautiful laments for fallen soldiers in any language". The meter is a regular seven-character verse, with three characters separated by the exclamatory particle "兮" followed by three more characters, each composing a half line, for a total of nine lines of 126 characters.
510:
42:
30:
473:
480:
206:
propose that for performance purposes there were nine songs/dances performed at each a spring and at an autumn performance, with the spring performance featuring Songs 3 and 5, but not 4 or 6, and the autumnal performance 4 and 6, but not 3 or 5 (with the songs otherwise being performed in numerical
748:
Some aspects of the dramatic performance are known, mostly through internal evidence. The performances were evidently replete with fantastic shamanic costumes, were probably performed indoors, and with orchestral accompaniment to the tune of "lithophones, musical bells, drums, and various kinds of
540:
The God of Clouds (Yunzhong Jun) was worshipped in the hope of rain and good weather for crops. This poem can be divided into two parts: one part is sung by the person who does the offering and the other part is sung by the person who acts as the God of Clouds in the form of antiphonal singing in
118:
valley area (as well as a northern tradition or traditions) involving the invocation of divine beings and seeking their blessings by means of a process of courtship. Though the poetry consists of lyrics written for a performance, the lack of indications of who is supposed to be singing at any one
826:
poetic pieces involve a deity singular or plural: the
Chinese is not clear as to whether the "lesser" and "greater" in the titles refers to a distinction between the two Siming (Master of Fate) poems or if it refers to a distinction between two Siming, Masters of Fate ("Xiang jun" and "Xiang
943:
The historical background of the poem involves the ancient type of warfare practiced in ancient China. Included are references to arms and weapons, ancient states or areas, and the mixed use of chariots in warfare. A good historical example of this type of contest is the
207:
order). Another explanation has to do with ancient ideas about numbers and numbering, where by the use of a numeric term, an order of magnitude, estimation, or other symbolic qualities are meant, rather than a specific quantity. 11 songs could be "about 9" songs.
119:
time or whether some of the lines represent lines for a chorus makes an accurate reconstruction impossible. Nonetheless there are internal textual clues, for example indicating the use of costumes for the performers, and an extensive orchestra.
752:
However, in the case of any individual poem, its role in the overall performance is not necessarily determinable. They may represent monologues, dialogues, choral pieces, or combinations thereof, within the individual pieces or between them.
541:
order to show their admiration towards her. This poem expresses the characteristics of the God of Clouds, the deep desire that human have towards God, and how God responds to people's prayer through the antiphonal singing of human and God.
744:
are related to each other as parts of a religious drama, meant for performance; however, the individual roles of each and their relationship to each other is a matter for interpretive reinterpretation, rather than something known.
559:(one of the world's major rivers, and one with close association with Chinese Culture) has been associated with control of that wild river's occasional devastating floods and general qualities as an agricultural aquifer.
579:(司命) with various English translations (such as, Controller of Fate, Deified Judge of Life, and Director of Destinies). Siming is both an abstract deity (or more rather title thereof) and a celestial
2027:
587:, Siming, as Director of Destinies, has the bureaucratic function of human lifespan allocation. As an asterism, or apparent stellar constellation, Siming is associated both with the
189:") consists of eleven songs, rather than nine. An obvious, and common, suggestion has been that Number 1 and Number 11 songs are somehow to be classified as an introduction and a
948:", which features similar characteristics and problems experienced by participants in this type of fighting, such as greatly elevated mortality rates for both horses and humans.
2034:
96:'Nine Songs') is an ancient set of poems. Together, these poems constitute one of the 17 sections of the poetry anthology which was published under the title of the
1058:(1889–1966) accredited it as "an extremely good piece of work, if one considers the time when it was made and the meagreness of the material to which Pfizmaier had access."
497:
Of the 11 songs of the "Jiu Ge", 9 are addressed to deities and 1 to the spirits of dead heroes (the last verse section is a conclusional cauda). These deities include
532:. This is not a common concept in previous Chinese historical sources. The character of this divinity resolves readily as two familiar parts, here coupled together.
114:
in the title, the number of these poetic pieces actually consists of eleven separate songs, or elegies. This set of verses seems to be part of some rituals of the
2010:
641:
pieces while he was in exile is an open question. Certainly the work appears underlain by earlier tradition, as well as possible editing during the reign of
1664:
Waley, 15: August
Pfizmaier: Das Li-sao und die Neun Gesdnge. In Denkschriften der Phil. Hist. Classe der Kaiserl. Akad. d. Wissen- schaften, Vienna, 1852.
1780:
805:
poetic pieces involve a deity, male, female, singular or plural: the
Chinese is not marked for number or gender ("Xiang jun" and "Xiang fu-ren").
732:. Various conceptions of them exist. Of these conceptions, one set consists of ancient folk belief, and another of more modern interpretation.
1710:
487:, 1361, Cleveland Museum of Art. From right-to-left (in the normal Classical Chinese direction of reading) showing poems 2, 3, 4, and 5.
1724:
1617:
1558:
1458:
1895:
1123:
1819:
1773:
603:
596:
914:
421:
710:
Taiyi also known as: Tai Yi, Great Unity, and so on, is a familiar deity from the
Chinese Daoist/shamanic tradition.
139:
finds evidence for this eclectic suite of eleven poems having been written by "a poet (or poets) at the Chu court in
1735:
1673:
1694:
1068:
203:
155:
songs include eleven (despite the "Nine" in the title). Nine of the verses are addressed to deities by a type of
136:
1916:
1803:
1133:
45:"Xiang River Goddesses" (Xiang Jun), poem number 3 of 11 in the Nine Songs section, in an annotated version of
1766:
1719:. Cambridge (Massachusetts) and London: Harvard University Asia Center for the Harvard-Yenching Institute.
2072:
2005:
1098:
681:), literally "Mountain Spirit" is here actually a goddess who is "lovesick" and pining for her lord. See (
1532:
1515:
The
Chinese Classics: With a Translation, Critical and Exegetical Notes, Prolegomena, and Copious Indexes
1808:
1159:
890:
606:(actually part of asterism 虛, "Emptiness") consists of the Deified Judge of Life star group. Sīmìngyī: (
1513:
1044:
1954:
1837:
877:
which is literally "Mountain Spirit", but here she is rather a
Mountain Goddess, wearing clothing of
580:
1909:
1143:
1108:
501:, also known as the River Earl or as the Count of the River, and the Lord (or God) of the Clouds.
1902:
1487:
1451:
Ben Cao Gang Mu, Volume V: Creeping Herbs, Water Herbs, Herbs
Growing on Stones, Mosses, Cereals
1881:
1832:
1720:
1706:
1613:
1598:
1554:
1454:
1242:
945:
1545:
1439:
2051:
1164:
1128:
1073:
705:
73:
1011: Their bodies were stricken, but their souls have taken Immortality–
984: The left-hand trace-horse is dead: the one on the right is smitten.
1003: Though their limbs were torn, their hearts could not be repressed.
521:
509:
195:: examination of Song 1 and Song 11 fails to support this convenient conjecture, however.
41:
29:
1049:
986: The fallen horses block our wheels: they impede the yoke-horses!”
1703:
The Songs of the South: An
Ancient Chinese Anthology of Poems by Qu Yuan and Other Poets
1005: They were more than brave: they were inspired with the spirit of
996: They issued but shall not enter: they went but shall not return.
989: They grasp their jade drum-sticks: they beat the sounding drums.
1789:
1466:
817:
576:
220:
1001: Their swords lie beside them: their black bows, in their hand.
974: “We grasp our battle-spears: we don our breast-plates of hide.
885:(or hanging moss). She is possibly to be identified with the Wushan Mountain goddess,
2066:
796:
729:
719:
588:
584:
1974:
1923:
1203:
1055:
957:
878:
756:
The titles of the individual poems which follow are loosely based on David Hawkes:
556:
115:
1741:
219:. The English translations are following those of David Hawkes, although he uses
1981:
1967:
1960:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1509:
1264:
1223:
1113:
1083:
725:
654:
199:
156:
140:
978: Standards obscure the sun: the foe roll up like clouds.
976: The axles of our chariots touch: our short swords meet.
696:
Presupposing some sort of continuation of life after death: ghosts or spirits.
617:
The earthly Siming has the bureaucratic function of human lifespan allocation.
1937:
1827:
1612:. Translated by Paul U. Unschuld. Univ of California Press. pp. 795–796.
1610:
Ben Cao Gang Mu, Volume IX: Fowls, Domestic and Wild
Animals, Human Substances
1594:
1435:
1169:
1154:
994: The warriors are all dead: they lie on the moor-field.
991: Heaven decrees their fall: the dread Powers are angry.
611:
607:
592:
1235:
1196:
1453:. Translated by Paul U. Unschuld. Univ of California Press. pp. 35–36.
1088:
170:
998: The plains are flat and wide: the way home is long.
1013: Captains among the ghosts, heroes among the dead.
889:, and this "lovesick fairy queen" of the mount is presumably "waiting for
567:
The Lord of the East is the sun, in his aspect as a deity of the morning.
1930:
642:
484:
196:
1653:
1009: Steadfast to the end, they could not be daunted.
131:
works, the authorship of these 11 poems has been attributed to the poet
1138:
1118:
903:)", or perhaps rather riding a fragrant car drawn by these "leopards".
626:
132:
54:
1579:
1576:
1148:
980: Arrows fall thick: the warriors press forward.
676:
673:
181:
Critics and scholars have elaborated various hypotheses as to why the
17:
1888:
1103:
1078:
882:
165:
81:
982: They menace our ranks: they break our line.
1988:
1248:
1093:
886:
632:
550:
508:
498:
483:
Illustration of "Nine Songs", detail. Ink on paper, handscroll by
191:
98:
40:
28:
1758:
659:
The shamanic voice is an important part of the proceedings here.
850:
1762:
1687:
Davis, A. R. (Albert
Richard), Editor and Introduction,(1970),
770:
poetic piece is a dedication to a deity ("Dong huang tai yi").
599:), and with a supposed celestial bureaucrat official of fate.
215:
The following table shows the eleven individual poems of the
1717:
Poetry and Painting in Song China: The Subtle Art of Dissent
513:
From illustrated version of poem, depicting Donghuang Taiyi
2028:
Sunflower Splendor: Three Thousand Years of Chinese Poetry
1043:
into a European language was done by the Viennese scholar
893:". She is depicted as "riding a red leopard and holding a
645:. Whether he makes a cameo appearance is also not known.
33:
The "Lord of the East" ("Dong Jun") poem number 7 of the
1547:
History Of Medicine In Chinese Culture, A (In 2 Volumes)
784:
poetic piece addresses another deity ("Yun-zhong jun").
839:
poetic piece addresses involves the deity "Dong jun".
169:, referring to the nine (twice times nine?) dances of
1743:
Poetry of the South (Chinese-English Parallel) Zhu zi
1573:
Which commentators equate with a "divine leopard cat
1007: “Wu.”
927:) is a hymn to soldiers killed in war ("Guo shang").
631:
Qu Yuan is the protagonist and author of much of the
135:, who lived over two-thousand years ago. Sinologist
520:
The character with which Song 1 concerns itself is
2044:
2035:
The Columbia Anthology of Modern Chinese Literature
2019:
1998:
1947:
1871:
1817:
1796:
1599:"Four-legged Animals II. 51-21 Ling mao Civet cat.
467:exist. Below is a selection from the "Nine Songs":
1496:Bulletin of the Peking Society of Natural History
1749:. Translated by Xu Yuanchong. Hunan chu ban she.
1697:, translator and introduction (2011 ). Qu Yuan
931:(國) means the "state", "kingdom", or "nation".
1632:
1528:
1518:. London: Trübner & Co. pp. 389–380, note.
1392:
1031:poetic piece concludes the corpus ("Li hun").
859:poetic piece involves another deity ("Hebo").
1774:
1574:
1262:
1233:
1221:
1194:
898:
671:
8:
1216:Xu renders as "sweet grass", but the plant
91:
1781:
1767:
1759:
225:
37:, illustrated version reprint from 1645.
1286:
1182:
250:The Great Unity, God of the Eastern Sky
956:The poem is translated as "Battle" by
1654:http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/42290
1228:) is considered to be either dodder (
7:
682:
962:A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems
1054:(1808–1887). Over 100 years later
692:Spirits of the Fallen and the Dead
637:opus: whether or not he wrote the
25:
1689:The Penguin Book of Chinese Verse
1553:. World Scientific. p. 74.
472:
223:for the traditional song order.
57:and illustrated by Xiao Yuncong.
1896:New Songs from the Jade Terrace
575:The Master of Fate is known as
545:He Bo, the Earl of Yellow River
235:Transcription (based on Pinyin)
749:wind and string instruments."
86:
1:
2006:Chinese poems (category list)
1691:. (Baltimore: Penguin Books).
1440:"Herbs VII. 18-01 Tus si zi
1124:Rhinoceroses in ancient China
1039:The first translation of the
706:Chinese_theology § Taiyi
663:Shan Gui, the Mountain Spirit
1633:Yang ed. & Xu tr. (1996)
1529:Yang ed. & Xu tr. (1996)
1393:Yang ed. & Xu tr. (1996)
740:The individual poems of the
597:Aquarius (Chinese astronomy)
583:. In the Daoist case of the
463:Illustrated versions of the
1488:"Remarks on the Mistletoe (
915:Hymn to the Fallen (Jiu Ge)
873:poetic piece addresses the
2089:
1740:Yang Fengbin, ed. (1996).
912:
848:
815:
794:
717:
703:
652:
624:
548:
326:The Greater Master of Fate
269:The Lord within the Clouds
1730:Waley, Arthur, tr. 1955.
1705:. London: Penguin Books.
1575:
1263:
1234:
1222:
1195:
1189:Xu renders as "ivy", but
1069:Chariots in ancient China
899:
672:
345:The Lesser Master of Fate
77:
1917:Three Hundred Tang Poems
1804:Classical Chinese poetry
1745:
1604:
1549:
1486:Liu, J. C. (1927–1928).
1445:
1261:Literally a "magnolia" (
1134:Simians (Chinese poetry)
969: BATTLE
761:East Emperor/Grand Unity
49:, published under title
2011:List of poems (article)
1715:Murck, Alfreda (2000).
1017:I.e., military genius.
591:star pattern, near the
1099:List of Chuci contents
524:, combining the terms
514:
58:
38:
1999:Individual poems list
1809:Modern Chinese poetry
1160:Xiang River goddesses
849:Further information:
816:Further information:
801:The third and fourth
795:Further information:
718:Further information:
704:Further information:
653:Further information:
625:Further information:
610:, 司命一) and Sīmìngèr (
512:
307:The Lady of the Xiang
127:In common with other
123:Authorship and dating
44:
32:
1955:Antithetical couplet
1838:Six Dynasties poetry
1246:) or bearded moss (
897:(patterned wildcat,
822:The fifth and sixth
459:Illustrated versions
364:The Lord of the East
288:The God of the Xiang
2020:Modern compilations
1910:Complete Tang Poems
1734:. Allen and Unwin.
1584:", i.e., civet cat.
1544:Ma, Boying (2020).
1144:Wang Yi (librarian)
1109:Liu Xiang (scholar)
724:The deities of the
714:Xiang River Deities
402:The Mountain Spirit
254:"Dong Huang Tai Yi"
241:Simplified Chinese
238:Traditional Chinese
232:English translation
102:(also known as the
1903:Nineteen Old Poems
1498:. II, part 4: 535.
908:Hymn to the Fallen
775:Lord in the Clouds
515:
442:Honouring the Dead
422:Hymn to the Fallen
108:Songs of the South
59:
39:
2060:
2059:
1882:Classic of Poetry
1711:978-0-14-044375-2
1442:Cuscuta chinensis
1395:, pp. 48–49.
1243:Cuscuta chinensis
1177:Explanatory notes
1022:Honoring the Dead
946:Battle of Yanling
891:King Xiang of Chu
879:climbing-fig vine
602:The astronomical
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16:(Redirected from
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728:waters, are the
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211:List of contents
143:(241–223) B.C."
110:). Despite the "
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399:
395:
394:
391:
388:
385:
383:The River Earl
380:
376:
375:
372:
369:
366:
361:
357:
356:
353:
350:
349:"Shao Si Ming"
347:
342:
338:
337:
334:
331:
328:
323:
319:
318:
315:
312:
311:"Xiang Fu Ren"
309:
304:
300:
299:
296:
293:
290:
285:
281:
280:
277:
274:
271:
266:
262:
261:
258:
255:
252:
247:
243:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
229:Standard order
221:Roman numerals
212:
209:
178:
175:
148:
145:
124:
121:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2085:
2074:
2073:Chinese poems
2071:
2070:
2068:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1754:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1725:0-674-00782-4
1722:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1695:Hawkes, David
1693:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1635:, p. 49.
1634:
1629:
1626:
1621:
1619:9780520379923
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1570:
1567:
1562:
1560:9789813238008
1556:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1469:for equating
1468:
1462:
1460:9780520385054
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:Lam. Dodder"
1443:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1404:Hawkes, 95-96
1401:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1311:Hawkes, 95-96
1308:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1232:"hare floss"
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1201:) answers to
1198:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:at Wiktionary
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1027:The eleventh
1023:
1020:
1018:
1014:
965:
963:
959:
951:
949:
947:
938:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
916:
909:
906:
904:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
865:
862:
860:
858:
852:
845:
842:
840:
838:
830:
828:
825:
819:
811:
808:
806:
804:
798:
797:Xiangshuishen
790:
787:
785:
783:
776:
773:
771:
769:
762:
759:
757:
754:
750:
746:
743:
735:
733:
731:
730:Xiangshuishen
727:
721:
720:Xiangshuishen
713:
711:
707:
699:
697:
691:
689:
687:
686:
678:
675:
669:
662:
660:
656:
648:
646:
644:
640:
636:
635:
628:
620:
618:
615:
613:
609:
605:
600:
598:
594:
590:
589:Wenchang Wang
586:
582:
578:
570:
568:
562:
560:
558:
552:
544:
542:
536:God of Clouds
535:
533:
531:
527:
523:
518:
511:
504:
502:
500:
493:Divine beings
492:
486:
481:
475:
468:
466:
458:
451:
448:
445:
443:
440:
437:
436:
432:
429:
426:
424:
423:
419:
416:
415:
411:
408:
405:
403:
400:
397:
396:
392:
389:
386:
384:
381:
378:
377:
373:
370:
367:
365:
362:
359:
358:
354:
351:
348:
346:
343:
340:
339:
335:
332:
329:
327:
324:
321:
320:
316:
313:
310:
308:
305:
302:
301:
297:
294:
291:
289:
286:
283:
282:
278:
275:
272:
270:
267:
264:
263:
259:
256:
253:
251:
248:
245:
244:
240:
237:
234:
231:
228:
227:
224:
222:
218:
210:
208:
205:
201:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
176:
174:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
154:
146:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
122:
120:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
100:
89:
83:
75:
71:
70:
65:
64:
56:
52:
48:
43:
36:
31:
27:
19:
2033:
2026:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1936:
1929:
1924:Wangchuan ji
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1872:Poetry works
1742:
1731:
1716:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1682:Bibliography
1669:
1660:
1649:
1640:
1628:
1609:
1600:
1589:
1569:
1546:
1539:
1524:
1514:
1510:Legge, James
1504:
1495:
1489:
1481:
1474:
1470:
1450:
1441:
1430:
1423:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1388:
1379:
1370:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1307:
1302:Davis, xlvii
1298:
1289:
1257:
1247:
1241:
1229:
1217:
1212:
1204:Ficus pumila
1202:
1190:
1185:
1056:Arthur Waley
1040:
1038:
1035:Translations
1028:
1026:
1021:
1016:
967:
961:
958:Arthur Waley
955:
942:
932:
928:
924:
920:
918:
907:
894:
874:
870:
868:
863:
856:
854:
843:
836:
835:The seventh
834:
823:
821:
812:(two titles)
809:
802:
800:
791:(two titles)
788:
781:
779:
774:
767:
765:
760:
755:
751:
747:
741:
739:
723:
709:
695:
684:
667:
666:
658:
638:
633:
630:
616:
601:
574:
566:
557:Yellow River
555:The Earl of
554:
539:
529:
525:
519:
516:
496:
464:
462:
441:
420:
401:
382:
363:
344:
330:"Da Si Ming"
325:
306:
287:
268:
249:
216:
214:
204:David Hawkes
190:
186:
182:
180:
164:
160:
152:
150:
137:David Hawkes
128:
126:
116:Yangzi River
111:
107:
104:Songs of Chu
103:
97:
85:
68:
67:
62:
61:
60:
50:
46:
34:
26:
1948:Major forms
1863:Qing poetry
1858:Ming poetry
1853:Yuan poetry
1848:Song poetry
1843:Tang poetry
1365:Hawkes, 101
1114:Qin (state)
1084:Chu (state)
1048: [
855:The eighth
789:Xiang deity
780:The second
655:Wu (shaman)
585:Three Worms
427:"Guo Shang"
292:"Xiang Jun"
200:Masaru Aoki
197:Sinologists
106:or as the
1938:Zhuying ji
1828:Han poetry
1818:Poetry by
1797:Major eras
1595:Li Shizhen
1436:Li Shizhen
1413:Hawkes, 96
1383:Hawkes, 95
1347:Hawkes, 99
1338:Hawkes, 97
1329:Hawkes, 95
1320:Hawkes, 98
1277:References
1170:Yunzhongzi
1155:Wu (state)
1041:Nine Songs
960:(1918, in
939:Background
919:The tenth
869:The ninth
844:River Earl
827:fu-ren").
766:The first
612:26 Aquarii
608:24 Aquarii
593:Big Dipper
406:"Shan Gui"
368:"Dong Jun"
217:Nine Songs
187:Nine Songs
69:Nine Songs
35:Nine Songs
1746:(漢英対照) 楚辞
1674:Ibid., 18
1465:, citing
1293:Murck, 11
1282:Citations
1089:Jiu Zhang
925:Guo shang
831:East Lord
530:Donghuang
177:Why nine?
171:Qi of Xia
141:Shou-chun
2067:Category
1931:Wen Xuan
1597:(2021).
1438:(2022).
1252:lichen).
1062:See also
875:Shan gui
688:below).
668:Shan Gui
643:Han Wudi
614:, 司命二).
581:asterism
485:Zhang Wo
446:"Li Hun"
153:"Jiu Ge"
1820:dynasty
1550:中国医学文化史
1139:Song Yu
1119:Qu Yuan
627:Qu Yuan
621:Qu Yuan
387:"He Bo"
133:Qu Yuan
112:Nine",
74:Chinese
55:Qu Yuan
1889:Chu Ci
1723:
1709:
1699:et al.
1616:
1557:
1490:Viscum
1457:
1424:passim
1269:) car.
1149:Wu (武)
1104:Liu An
1079:Chu ci
1029:Jiu ge
923:poem (
921:Jiu ge
895:wen li
883:dodder
871:Jiu ge
857:Jiu ge
837:Jiu ge
824:Jiu ge
803:Jiu ge
782:Jiu ge
768:Jiu ge
742:Jiu Ge
649:Shaman
639:Jiu ge
634:Chu ci
604:Siming
595:, in (
577:Siming
183:Jiu Ge
166:Li Sao
163:work,
161:Chu Ci
157:shaman
87:Jiǔ Gē
84::
82:pinyin
76::
63:Jiu Ge
51:Li Sao
47:Chu Ci
18:Jiu ge
1989:yuefu
1475:nüluo
1473:with
1249:Usnea
1218:nüluo
1094:He Bo
1074:Taiyi
1052:]
933:Shāng
887:Yaoji
726:Xiang
700:Taiyi
551:He Bo
526:Taiyi
499:He Bo
465:Chuci
260:东皇太一
129:Chuci
99:Chuci
66:, or
1721:ISBN
1707:ISBN
1614:ISBN
1603:L."
1555:ISBN
1471:tusi
1455:ISBN
1230:tusi
1191:bili
971:....
952:Poem
851:Hebo
528:and
355:少司命
336:大司命
317:湘夫人
279:云中君
257:東皇太一
202:and
192:luan
151:The
147:Text
93:lit.
1975:shi
1446:菟絲子
1240:or
929:Guó
452:礼魂
433:国殇
412:山鬼
393:河伯
374:东君
352:少司命
333:大司命
314:湘夫人
298:湘君
276:雲中君
72:, (
2069::
1982:qu
1968:fu
1961:ci
1701:,
1608:.
1605:霊猫
1531:,
1494:.
1492:)"
1449:.
1265:辛夷
1236:菟絲
1224:女蘿
1197:薜茘
1050:de
964:)
900:文貍
517:.
449:禮魂
438:11
430:國殤
417:10
409:山鬼
390:河伯
371:東君
295:湘君
185:("
173:.
90:;
80:;
78:九歌
1782:e
1775:t
1768:v
1727:.
1622:.
1580:貍
1577:神
1563:.
1463:.
1220:(
1207:.
1193:(
944:"
683:§
677:鬼
674:山
670:(
398:9
379:8
360:7
341:6
322:5
303:4
284:3
265:2
246:1
20:)
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