1983:
1936:
2018:
1909:
2003:
62:
1921:
739:
1948:
49:
1965:
902:
1655:
cultivars. Early maturing varieties are sown in early March, middle maturing varieties are sown from late March to early April, and late maturing varieties are sown from late April to early May. Sowing should be early rather than late. If sowing is too late, it will affect the yield and even the seeds can not mature after autumn.
1600:
at least 3 times during the whole crop growth. The 1st tillage is to be done when the seedlings are 5–10 cm high and needs to be cleaned of weeds to promote tillering. The second tillage is done when the seedlings are 15–20 cm high. The 3rd plowing is done when the seedlings are 30 cm
1376:
The grains of Job's tear can be used the same way as rice. It can be eaten cooked or even raw, as it has a slightly sweet taste. Further, the grains can be used for the production of flour. Job's tear grains can be processed in the same machine as rice. For the soft hulls, it is enough to press them
1106:
who live in the mountainous regions around the Thai-Myanmar border grow several varieties of the plant and use the beads to ornament various handicraft. The beads are used strictly only on women's apparel among the Akha, sewn onto headwear, jackets, handbags, etc.; also, a variety of shapes of beads
1982:
859:
Remains of Job's tears have been found in archaeological sites in northeastern India, dating to around 1000 BC. It was introduced to the subtropical area in India from the east
Himalayan belt. A number of scholars support the view it has been in cultivation in India in the 2000–1000 BC period. The
1654:
The yield is harvested in early
October and is easily influenced by the weather. If there is dry and hot wind in the initial phase, the pollen loses its vitality, therefore can’t be pollinated. This leads to hollow seeds, which results in yield reduction in light cultivars and zero yield in heavy
1634:
will be harvested by cutting the stems and leaving three nodes above the ground. The harvest period varies with the different varieties and local environment. Because of the uneven height and grain distribution, the use of machines for harvesting is limited and harvesting has been done by hand in
1621:
Drought is a major stress for adlay growth and development. The lack of moisture will cause impaired germination and poor establishment. During the growth and maturation stage, water deficits will reduce the leaf area index and lead to barrenness, which negatively affects photosynthesis and dry
730:
Job's tear is a monoecious grass which is broad-leaved, loose-growing, branched and robust. It can reach a height between 1.20 m to 1.80 m. Like all members of the genus, their inflorescences develop from a leaf sheath at the end of the stem and consist partly of hard, globular or oval, hollow,
1562:
soil. Adlay likes mild, cool and humid climate. It does not adapt to hot and muggy climate, has low cold tolerance, and is very intolerant of drought. Black-shelled adlay is suitable for planting in areas with altitudes of 800 to 1,000 m; dwarf adlay varieties are suitable for planting in low
1618:. Adlay is propagated by seeds at the start of rain. The germination occurs as early as 7 days after sowing. It takes 5 to 5.5 months to flower and mature. The average height can reach over 90 cm at harvest. The application of N fertilizer can significantly improve the yield of adlay.
1647:, it is normally used when the harvested grains are at lower moisture content and easily shatter. Threshed grains are sun dried or placed in drying facilities where they utilize forced warm air to gradually reduce the moisture content to 14% suited to storage before the adlay moves to the
863:
In China, the current cultivation of Job's tears mainly occurs in Fujian, Jiangsu, Hebei, and
Liaoning provinces. The cultivation of Job's tears spreads out to temperate areas in North and Northeast China. The shelled grains exported from China were erroneously declared through customs as
2340:
335, "Clusters of locally duplicated genes can also expand and contract rapidly, as shown by investigation of the 22-kDa α zein gene families in maize, sorghum, and coix, which appear to have experienced independent copy-number amplifications since the divergence of these three species
3070:
1586:. Adlay sowing is divided into strip sowing and hole sowing. The strip sowing refers to the uniform sowing of seeds in trenches with a spacing of about 50 cm and a depth of 4–5 cm. Hole sowing refers to sowing seeds in holes 3–5 cm deep, with 3-4 seeds per hole.
1377:
over a sieve. The advantage of Job's tear over rice is that the grains do not need to be polished, as is the case with rice. Through this process, the rice loses its vitamins. This makes Job's tear a valuable food for undernourished populations in rural areas.
1421:, literally a "tea". This is drunk for medicinal value and not for enjoyment, as it does not suit the average consumer's taste, but a more palatable brew is obtained by roasting seeds that have been germinated, which reduces the distinctive strong odor.
4343:
3503:
Index plantarum japonicarum: sive, Enumeratio plantarum omnium ex insulis Kurile. Yezo, Nippon, Sikoku, Kiusiu, Liukiu, et
Formosa hucusque cognitarum systematice et alphabetice disposita adjectis synonymis selectis, nominibus japonicis, locis
920:
in parts of India, Myanmar, Laos, Taiwan, and Korea according to
Japanese researcher Yukino Ochiai who has specialized on the ethnobotanic usage of the plant. They are also made into rosaries in countries such as the Philippines and Bolivia.
1778:(58%). The seeds are used as ingredients to make soup, porridge, flour and pastries. It is common to grind seeds into powder form to make pastries. Two major methods are used to isolate starch: alkaline steeping method and steeping with
4479:
Gorne, Nello; Aradilla, Agripina (2020-05-04). "Adlay (Coix
Iacryma-jobi L.) and Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) intercropping and fertilization schemes as climate smart strategy for food and feed production".
1403:, and is made by simmering whole polished Job's tears in water and sweetening the resulting thin, cloudy liquid with sugar. The grains are usually strained from the liquid but may also be consumed separately or together.
1114:
Strands of job's tears necklaces have also been collected from Chiang Rai
Province, Thailand and it is known the Karen people string the beads into necklaces, such necklaces in use also in the former
776:
These shells cover the bases of the flowers (inflorescences) which are male and female racemes/panicles; the male racemes project upright and consist of overlapping scale-like spikelets, with yellow
2257:
in China, but Ochiai (2010) only speaks of usage in "the south side of China" (p. 6), and exhibits a photo of Yunnan
Province bead necklace on the map (pp. 4–5) without identifying the ethnic group.
1051:
Yanagita contended that the use of the beads predated the introduction of
Buddhism into Japan (552/538 CE). And the plant has not only been found at sites dating to approximately this period at the
1067:, which were used as ornaments and currency throughout Southern China and Southeast Asia in antiquity, and he argued both items to be part of cultural transmission into Japan from these areas.
4836:
1582:
Planting can be done when the ground temperature is above 12 °C. And if it is not frost, sowing should be done as early as possible to lengthen the required days to emergence and days to
1289:, Job's tears are available in dried form and cooked as a grain. Job's tears grains are widely eaten as a cereal. The cultivated varieties are soft-shelled, and can be easily cooked into
4859:
Ochiai, Yukino (2002), "Domestication and cultivation of edible Job's tears (Coix lacryma-jobi subsp. ma-yuen) under the influence of vegeculture", in
Yoshida, S; Mathews, P J (eds.),
1797:), an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. Job's tears also contain edible protein (14.8%), which can be extracted through an alkaline extraction method and a salt extraction method.
2296:
It is unclear what is meant by the coffee-like drink brewed from roasted seeds that is distinguished from the "tea" which some sources describe but do not specify by any name. The
4536:
6023:
1107:
are used. The beads are used only on the jackets of married women among the Karen, and the oblong seeds are exclusively selected, some example has been shown from the Karen in
2240:
whose precise meaning he deduced to be 'cowries'. However this was guesswork "founded on really the faintest clue 誠に幽な暗示の上に築かれている", and he admitted there is no attestation to
4521:
5799:
1651:
process. The adlay can be consumed as grains and flour after being milled through corn and rice mill. The milling recovery is about 60% depending on the cultivars.
1070:
Later scholars have pursued the validity of the thesis. Yanagita had reproduced a distribution map of the usage of ornamental cowries throughout Asia (compiled by
860:
wild varieties have hard-coated seeds. Job's tear was one of the earliest domesticated crops. Domestication makes the seed coat become softer and easier to cook.
731:
bead-like structures. Job's tear seeds differ in color, with the more soft-shelled seeds being light brown and the hard-shelled forms having a dark red pericarp.
5949:
5864:
685:
Assam to Yunnan (China) and Indochina. It is the smallest among the Indian species, with only 4mm in diameter of the seeds. It is used for ornament as well.
4398:
Mendoza, A. J. A., Sabellano Jr, F. M., Baco, L. T., Nabua, W. C., & Pantallano, E. S. (2015). "VARIETAL PERFORMANCE OF ADLAI (Coix lacryma-jobi L.)".
2002:
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5724:
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1908:
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2502:
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4686:
4651:
1920:
6013:
2017:
1935:
3844:
2323:
were previously grouped with a number of other grasses that have monoecious flowering patterns — the most widely known being Job's tears (
2074:
stratum which was dated to 3400–2900 BC, which the scholars place in the late Yangshao period (Yangshao Period defined as 5000–2900 BC).
1506:), which is made from rice and Job's tears. The grains are also brewed into beers in northeast India and other parts of southeast Asia.
4241:"Effects of Seed Disinfectant and Soaking Time on Germination and Disease Occurrence of Adlay, Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf"
1036:(lit. ‘Korean wheat’) which needed to be beaten in order to crack and thresh them. This type has been published as a separate species,
5672:
3576:
1293:, etc. Among the Zomi in Southeast Asia, miim festival (Job's tears festival) was held annually to pay tribute to the departed souls.
799:. These prolamins have undergone unusually rapid evolutionary divergence from closely related grasses, by way of copy-number changes.
2205:§3: "後に東北のイタコの数珠や、アイヌの頸飾くびかざりなどを見るようになって、ジュズとは呼びながらも我々の真似ていたのは、もっと古風な、また国風なものだったことに心づいたことである。 Later I saw the bead-necklaces of the
6033:
6018:
5076:
4909:
4870:
4802:
4756:
4082:
4012:
3952:
3327:
3300:
3205:
2936:
2565:
2535:
1535:(5th–2nd centuries BCE) attributed to the legendary Huangdi (Yellow Emperor), but fails to be noticed in the standard traditional
1277:
in Oklahoma, the beads of Job's tears are called "corn beads" or "Cherokee corn beads" and have been used for personal adornment.
4597:"Coix Seed: A Review of Its Physicochemical Composition, Bioactivity, Processing, Application, Functionality, and Safety Aspects"
2266:
It has been noted that the Akha use cowries shells as ornaments also, even though they are a mountainous people. The shells from
1947:
1270:
508:). The crop is also known by other common names in English, such as adlay or adlay millet. Other common names in English include
4210:. Source: James A. Duke, Handbook of Energy Crops (unpublished) by Purdue University Center for New Crops & Plants Products.
1594:
Control the number of seedlings per hole when the seedlings have 3-4 true leaves, and leave 2-3 well-grown plants in each hole.
5786:
1048:. Thus Japanese consumption of the crop attested in pre-Kyōho literature presumably used this hard-shelled type in the recipe.
2454:. Miscellaneous Publication, no. 200. Agnes Chase (rev.). Washington, D. C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture. pp. 789–790.
1063:
Yanagita in his Ocean Road hypothesis argues that the pearly glistening seeds were regarded as simulating or substituting for
913:
to make necklaces and other objects. The seeds are naturally bored with holes without the need to artificially puncture them.
6028:
4321:"Growth, yield and forage quality influence of intecropping and fertilization schemes on adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) ratoon"
1826:
1437:
1305:
5902:
5830:
4880:
2839:
Christopher, J.; Mini, L.S.; Omanakumari, N. (1995). "Cytological evidence for the hybrid origin of Coix taxon (2n = 32)".
5851:
2498:
1964:
1469:
1362:(ស្គួយ), the seeds are not much used as a grain, but used as part of herbal medicine and as an ingredient in desserts. In
807:
Job's tears is native to Southeast Asian countries, namely India, Myanmar, China, and Malaysia. Residue on pottery from a
3071:"dai-2 setsu:Itaya III iseki ni okeru puranto opāu bunseki ni yoru saibai shokubutsu no kenshutsu kekka to sono kōsatsu"
773:(hardened bract), with the bract also referred to as "capsule-spathe" or "sheathing bract" by some past botanical works.
1519:
1333:
4865:, Suita City, Osaka: The Japan Center for Area Studies, National Museum of Ethnology, Senri Expo Park, pp. 59–75,
4676:
5812:
5597:
5584:
4814:"A Review of Studies of Hatomugi (Yokuinin)， Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen(Roman.) Otto Stapf (botanist)|Stapf"
2408:
1456:
5936:
5332:
3532:
2658:
1870:
849:
4813:
4344:"Growth, yield and nutrient requirement of adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) applied with different levels of nitrogen"
5869:
5941:
5355:
3076:[2: Itaya III site phytolith analysis and identification of cultivated flora, and observations theron]
5711:
5417:
5350:
61:
5716:
5703:
5612:
2525:
5698:
5527:
5465:
5360:
4919:
2958:
441:
and introduced to Northern China and India in remote antiquity, and elsewhere cultivated in gardens as an
5602:
5565:
5069:
4515:
4203:
1886:
1211:
1203:
869:
638:
626:
577:
188:
5755:
4595:
Igbokwe, Chidimma Juliet; Wei, Ming; Feng, Yuqin; Duan, Yuqing; Ma, Haile; Zhang, Haihui (2021-03-17).
2484:
2300:("jobs tears coffee") apparently refers to coffee dripped with hatomugi tea instead of plain hot water.
1343:
The threshed grains are generally spherical, with a groove on one end, and polished white in color. In
2327:) — into the Maydeae (74); however, molecular data revealed that this grouping was polyphyletic (61)."
2172:
5879:
5646:
5460:
4548:
4429:
4272:"Effects of Sowing Times and Spacing on Growth and Yield of Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen STAPF"
4111:
3147:
2978:
2805:
2738:
2706:
1878:
1779:
1085:
alluded to a need for a distribution map of ornamental Job's tears, for making comparison therewith.
5638:
5500:
5325:
5318:
5290:
4072:
3806:
1853:
1108:
822:
Job's tears were already introduced to Japan (and probably cultivated alongside rice) in the Early
780:
that pop out in-between, and there are one or two yarn-like female racemes drooping from the base.
605:
601:
5843:
3059:水田跡・畑跡をめぐる自然科学―その検証と栽培植物- . The 9th Congress of the Higashi nihono no suiden ato wo kangaeru kai.年
2644:
2390:
2134:
5975:
5510:
5505:
4842:[Kampo Formulas Containing Coicis Semen that are Effective in the Treatment of Verrucae]
4766:
4726:
4696:
4624:
4572:
4503:
4461:
4453:
4127:
3919:
3885:
3752:
3384:
3171:
3100:
3024:
2821:
2764:
2702:
2623:
2615:
2215:
necklaces, and realized that what we were pretend-playing with were, even though we called them
2179:
2139:
1601:
high, combined with fertilizer and soil cultivation to promote root growth and prevent collapse.
1485:
1461:
1080:
1075:
1071:
845:
472:, has hard-shelled pseudocarps—very hard, pearly white, oval structures used as beads for making
213:
56:
5928:
3497:
5804:
5025:
4994:
3104:
3055:
Takahashi, Mamoru 高橋護 (1999). "Kōkogaku to puranto-opāru bunseki no riyō 考古学とプラント・オパール分析の利用 ",
2790:
2091:, but this is confusing, since later writers such as Mizumasa Furukawa (1928–1977) wrote that
1296:
Some of the soft-shelled types are easily threshed, producing sweet kernels. The threshed (and
5887:
5620:
5049:
4923:
4905:
4866:
4798:
4790:
4752:
4744:
4730:
4682:
4675:
Wrigley, Colin W.; Corke, Harold; Seetharaman, Koushik; Faubion, Jonathan (17 December 2015).
4657:
4647:
4616:
4564:
4495:
4445:
4283:
4252:
4078:
4008:
3948:
3828:
3800:
3572:
3518:
3323:
3317:
3296:
3288:
3257:
3201:
3163:
3006:
2932:
2882:
2756:
2561:
2555:
2531:
2449:
1861:
1640:
1515:
1395:(율무차, literally "Job's tears tea") is made from powdered Job's tears. A similar drink, called
1355:
873:
827:
4899:
3999:
3848:
3501:
3193:
715:
6008:
5778:
5495:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5412:
5382:
5062:
4860:
4608:
4556:
4485:
4437:
4370:
4320:
4119:
3938:
3830:
Wanderings in the Great Forests of Borneo: Travels and Researches of a Naturalist in Sarawak
3802:
Wanderings in the Great Forests of Borneo: Travels and Researches of a Naturalist in Sarawak
3418:
3249:
3155:
3117:
2996:
2986:
2924:
2848:
2813:
2746:
2607:
2271:
2161:
2054:
1847:
1344:
1223:
1139:
949:), and children have made playthings out of them by stringing them into necklaces. However,
812:
568:
464:
There are two main varieties of the species, one wild and one cultivated. The wild variety,
392:
5892:
4362:
4271:
4240:
2391:"The Genera of Grasses of the United States with Special Reference to the Economic Species"
1262:
in Spanish, and the hards seeds were strung together as beads or into rosaries in parts of
5433:
4708:
3796:
3380:
2598:
Taylor, G.D. (Autumn 1953). "Some crop distributions by tribes in upland Southeast Asia".
2521:
2445:
2386:
2254:
1648:
1531:
1400:
1274:
1143:
530:
99:
5044:
1323:
823:
5039:
4552:
4433:
4115:
3151:
2982:
2916:
2809:
2742:
5915:
5910:
5422:
5213:
5208:
5203:
3876:
Guzmán-Rivas, Pablo (1960). "Geographic Influences of the Galleon Trade on New Spain".
3001:
2966:
2928:
2361:
2166:
1536:
1432:
1386:
1231:
1183:
1115:
1052:
958:
560:
438:
86:
5954:
5690:
3782:
3293:
Alien Gene Transfer in Crop Plants, Volume 1: Innovations, Methods and Risk Assessment
3253:
3030:[Farming in primeval antiquity in the Boso: Various issues for each period 2]
738:
6003:
5997:
5490:
5455:
5300:
5236:
5019:
4988:
4628:
4507:
3907:
3632:, pp. 4–5, visual map of necklaces, and references to Yanagita elsewhere in the
2962:
2627:
1818:
1814:
1664:
1541:
1523:
1297:
1191:
1064:
655:, in what is now Vietnam), and brought the seeds back to China to be cultivated. The
564:
204:
112:
4576:
4537:"Job's-tears (coix lacryma-jobi)—a minor food and fodder crop of northeastern India"
4465:
4375:
4131:
3175:
3136:"Job's-tears (coix lacryma-jobi)—a minor food and fodder crop of northeastern India"
2825:
2768:
2283:
Although this stringent distinction may not be followed in literature, for example,
5980:
5402:
5277:
5268:
5218:
5193:
5089:
4596:
3237:
2852:
1822:
1572:
1363:
1247:
1195:
1103:
917:
865:
853:
648:
473:
442:
5742:
5625:
4612:
4239:
Chang, Seog-Won; Jeon, Dae-Hoon; Kim, Hee-Dong; Yi, Eun-Sup; Park, Ki-Jun (2000).
2611:
453:
areas where rice and corn do not grow well. Job's tears are also commonly sold as
48:
5589:
5576:
3455:
3287:
Chaudhary, Harinder K.; Kaila, Vineeta; Rather, Shoukat A.; Tayeng, Tisu (2013).
3236:
Yu, Fei; Zhang, Jun; Li, Ya-zhuo; Zhao, Zhen-ying; Liu, Chang-xiao (April 2017).
3057:
Sudien ato / hatake ato wo meguru shizen kagaku--sono kenshō to saibai shokubutsu
2287:
may be used as the term for the fruit overall rather than the polished endosperm.
1017:
according to taxonomical databases (World Checklist of Selected Plant Families).
5856:
5838:
5763:
5559:
5198:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4077:(in French). Paris: Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique. p. 129.
3944:
3737:
2212:
2153:
1894:
1576:
1489:
1147:
1119:
1099:
1029:
973:
155:
125:
17:
815:) site in north-central China shows that Job's tears, together with non-native
5485:
5427:
5006:
4975:
3903:
3443:
1972:
1810:
1806:
1695:
1683:
1166:
1021:
831:
612:
are ovoid, bony and glossy. It has hard shells and is used as beads in crafts.
5677:
5550:
4661:
4620:
4568:
4499:
4449:
4287:
4256:
3261:
3167:
3114:
Izu's mountainous and woody sites: study of wood products in the Yayoi Period
3081:
2760:
5737:
5685:
5659:
5450:
5374:
5285:
5164:
5159:
5054:
4738:. Botanicon Sinicum (Part III). Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh. pp. 382–385.
2991:
2071:
1954:
1687:
1644:
1636:
1615:
1391:
1286:
1263:
1151:
967:
808:
770:
450:
446:
5967:
5817:
4418:"Adlay or Job's Tears: A Cereal of Potentially Greater Economic Importance"
3010:
769:
The hardened "shells" covering the seeds are technically the fruit-case or
647:) who according to legend learned of the plant's use when he was posted in
4490:
3080:, in Shimane Board of Education Bureied Cultural Properties Center (ed.),
3036:
Research Bulletin of the of Cultural Properties Center of Chiba Prefecture
2791:"Adlay or job's tears—A cereal of potentially greater economic importance"
30:"Adlay" redirects here. For the Australian criminal youth subculture, see
5962:
5544:
5309:
5050:
Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 5, Fruits, TK Lim, 2013
4781:
2244:
or words similar used in the sense of ‘jewel shells’in any ancient texts.
1679:
1583:
1426:
1367:
1243:
796:
427:
4224:
Li, Cuixia; Zhang, Xingchang (2015). "Cultivation technology of Adlay".
3923:
3889:
3756:
3135:
1558:
It is generally grown in sunny, fertile, well-drained fields with sandy
5729:
5633:
5339:
5149:
4560:
4457:
4441:
4417:
4123:
3419:"Coix lacryma-jobi var. maxima Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 20: 10 (1906)"
3159:
2817:
2751:
2726:
2619:
2557:
Evidence-based Clinical Chinese Medicine - Volume 16: Atopic Dermatitis
2267:
1672:
1631:
1614:
It is an annual crop but it can be a perennial when allowed to develop
1597:
1187:
1162:
901:
777:
677:
673:
434:
145:
5768:
4304:
Li, Tao (2014). "Exploration on the cultivation Technology of Adlay".
3025:"Bōsō ni okeru genshi kodai no nōkō--kaku jidai ni okeru shomondai 2"
1663:
The seeds of Job's tears are protein-rich and nutrient-dense. High in
1503:
1500:
1497:
718:, now known to be polyphyletic. It has cylindrical, longer than broad
5345:
5129:
5109:
5097:
5085:
4881:"Living with Plants: Job's Tears Seed Beads Collection of the World"
3121:
1838:
1775:
1691:
1445:
1313:
1290:
1239:
1005:
909:
The hard, white grains of Job's tears have historically been used as
881:
816:
652:
489:
477:
458:
135:
5521:
1635:
many regions in Southeastern Asia. Then the harvested panicles are
1230:) are otherwise known by many local names in the Philippines (e.g.
1214:
of Borneo also use job's tears to decorate clothing and war dress.
5791:
5664:
5407:
5246:
5241:
5228:
5178:
5124:
5114:
3507:. Vol. 2. Josefina Ramos (tr.). apud Maruzen. pp. 49–50.
2421:
2207:
2157:
2067:
1199:
910:
900:
719:
698:
656:
609:
573:
492:
crop, has a soft shell, and is used medicinally in parts of Asia.
430:
73:
31:
1373:
It is also a minor cereal crop and fodder in Northeastern India.
819:
and other plants were used to brew beer as early as ca. 3000 BC.
5651:
5154:
5139:
3446:(1847). "Book 19, grains II, hie&awa I, 18 species (No. 16,
2189:
2185:
2145:
2027:
1668:
1559:
1242:
Islands). The beads strung together have sometimes been used as
793:
445:. It has been naturalized in the southern United States and the
165:
5525:
5058:
4812:
Koishi, Hideo; Sugawa-Katayama, Yohko; Tsujino, Motoko (1980).
4644:
Insect pests of millets: systematics, bionomics, and management
4325:
International Journal of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences
2192:) does not use rice but roasted cracked grains of job's tears (
581:. As of February 2015, four varieties are accepted by the
500:
Job's tears may also be referred to under different spellings (
5144:
5134:
4208:
L., Poaceae: Job's-tears, Adlay, Millet (updated 8 July 1996)"
3966:
3964:
2727:"Preliminary observations on the ethnobotany of the genusCoix"
991:
733:
3083:
Itaya III iseki 2 Jōmon jidai~kinsei no fukugō iseki no chōsa
1040:
in the past, but this is now recognized also as a synonym of
1032:(1716–1736), as opposed to a hard-shelled edible type called
848:. And further east in Japan, the plant has been found at the
4177:
4149:
4027:
3289:"Ch. 6: Distant Hybridisation and Doubled-Haploidy Breeding"
1055:, but in Jomon period sites dating to several millennia BC.
4797:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 243–261.
3998:
Kubo, Michinori; Fukuda, Shinzō; Katsuki, Tadahisa (1980).
3360:
3358:
3356:
398:
395:
4102:) - a minor food and fodder crop of northeastern India".
2639:
2637:
1366:, it is often consumed in teas and other drinks, such as
449:
tropics. In its native environment it is grown at higher
3660:
3658:
3051:
3049:
637:
The varietal name is eponymous after General Ma Yuen or
3912:
Contributions from the United States National Herbarium
3552:
3550:
3548:
3343:
3341:
3339:
1250:
on Mindanao), or woven into baskets and other vessels.
977:
training, purportedly used a large-grain type known as
750:
634:
South China to peninsular Malaysia and the Philippines.
480:, necklaces, and other objects. The cultivated variety
3692:
3690:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3295:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 154.
3238:"Research and Application of Adlay in Medicinal Field"
2864:
2862:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2530:. Agnes Chase (rev.). Donica Publishing. p. 364.
1825:) are extracted via three methods: solvent processes,
1158:; lit. ‘fruit-Coix’) sewn onto fabrics and bags, etc.
4054:
4052:
4050:
4048:
3605:
Shells as Evidence of the Migrations of Early Culture
2910:
2908:
996:. Although this was published as a separate variety,
404:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2228:
He posited that the name of the seeds (variant name
1142:. Job's tears necklace has been collected also from
401:
5534:
5395:
5373:
5308:
5299:
5276:
5267:
5227:
5177:
5096:
4795:
Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 5
3106:
Izu sanboku iseki: Yayoi jidai mokuseihin no kenkyū
2363:
The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
905:
Job's Tears used to create natural healing remedies
868:", and "Chinese pearl barley" remains an alternate
4270:Yi, Eun-Sub; Lee, Jun-Seok; Lee, Hyo-Sung (1997).
2714:(in Japanese). Vol. 1. Hoikusha. p. 132.
2196:) instead, mixed with sugar and molded into shape.
2011:seeds in a necklace prepared in the Zulu tradition
1430:(糖水), a sweet dessert soup. One variety is called
1202:state all use the plant beads as ornament. In the
3116:] (in Japanese), Tsukiji Shokan, p. 94,
2725:Jain, S. K.; Banerjee, Deb Kumar (January 1974).
2120:, but that variety name is not registered at the
1424:In southern China, Job's tears are often used in
1347:unpolished grains are also sold, and marketed as
1122:of Burma), with the crop being known by the name
4901:Food in China: A Cultural and Historical Inquiry
4751:(2 ed.). Academic Press. pp. 184–189.
4348:Philippine Journal of Crop Science (Philippines)
3571:, p. 14, citing Ishii & Umezawa (1994)
2965:; Yu, Linjie; Li, Yuanqing; Xing, Fulai (2016).
2881:Mudaliyar, C. Tadulinga; Rangachari, K. (2019).
2152:) can be eaten as gruel, or as blended grain in
1630:When nearly 80% of adlay grains turn brown, the
872:so that the grains are sold under such label in
2971:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2549:
2547:
2381:
2379:
1407:
978:
935:
539:means "kernel", and also described in Latin as
3476:Hatomugi no kōyō: gan to biyō to chōju ni kiku
2967:"Revealing a 5,000-y-old beer recipe in China"
2395:Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
1529:The plant is noted in an ancient medical text
1414:
1406:In Japan, the roasted kernels are brewed into
1182:Various indigenous Bornean tribes such as the
985:
942:
837:
5070:
4891:Newsletter of the Kagoshima University Museum
4520:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (
4039:
3707:
3705:
3375:
3373:
3291:. In Pratap, Aditya; Kumar, Jitendra (eds.).
3274:
3196:. In Prance, Ghillean; Nesbitt, Mark (eds.).
2133:Koyama gives several examples, including the
2048:
1190:state (and North Kalimantan, Indonesia), the
934:In Japan, the grains growing wild are called
642:
528:
8:
4970:—— (1961a). "Takaragai no koto"
4363:".: SophiA Biblioteca - Terminal Web :"
4226:Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology
4189:
4178:Koishi, Sugawa-Katayama & Tsujino (1980)
4165:
4150:Koishi, Sugawa-Katayama & Tsujino (1980)
4028:Koishi, Sugawa-Katayama & Tsujino (1980)
3970:
3481:(in Japanese). Rokugatsusha. pp. 30–45.
3463:(in Japanese). Izumiya Zenbei. pp. 6–7.
3385:"Observations on the Flora of Japan (cont.)"
1161:The Wa people and other minorities like the
916:Strands of Job's tears are used as Buddhist
722:. It is widely used as beads for ornaments.
6024:Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine
5001:—— (1961b). "Hito to zuzudama"
3822:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3457:Jūtei honzō kōmoku keimō kan-48 [9]
3073:第2節：板屋III遺跡におけるプラント・オパール分析による栽培植物の検出結果とその考察
571:as a Latin translation of the metaphorical
5522:
5305:
5273:
5186:
5174:
5102:
5077:
5063:
5055:
3833:. Manila: Bureau of printing. p. 281.
3736:Formoso, Bernard (October–December 2001).
3528:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
3423:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
3319:Identification and Control of Common Weeds
3187:
3185:
2654:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
2527:Management of Cancer with Chinese Medicine
2451:Manual of the Grasses of the United States
2219:, much older and more native to the land."
1841:than rice and corn. Insect pests include:
826:, corroborated by finds in Western Japan (
583:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
47:
38:
4678:Encyclopedia of Food Grains - 2nd Edition
4489:
4374:
3910:(1960). "Economic Plants of Porto Rico".
3600:
3588:
3405:
3364:
3000:
2990:
2750:
1837:Job's tear is less subject to attacks of
1165:ethnic group use the beads in apparel in
1024:that the soft-shelled edible type called
792:in general - produces its own variety of
461:belongs to a completely different genus.
4778:Anthropology of forbs, trees, bugs, fish
4342:Planas, J. Y.; Minoza, M. M. R. (2019).
4276:Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
4245:Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
3783:"Dalai, the Pearls of the Borneo Jungle"
2789:Schaaffhausen, Reimar v. (1 July 1952).
2606:(3). University of New Mexico: 296–308.
2418:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
1793:
1789:
1785:
1700:
1146:, China, which has a population of Akha-
1028:was not introduced into Japan until the
4862:Vegeculture in Eastern Asia and Oceania
4590:
4588:
4586:
3220:
2915:Corke, H.; Huang, Y.; Li, J.S. (2016),
2887:A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses
2677:
2503:United States Department of Agriculture
2494:Germplasm Resources Information Network
2353:
2308:
2108:Researcher Seiji Koyama identifies the
2040:
1904:
1805:Job's tears contain mostly unsaturated
1464:. There is also a braised chicken dish
1328:
1246:, or made into bead curtains (e.g. the
1020:It was contended by Edo Period scholar
608:and Taiwan; naturalized elsewhere. The
4704:
4694:
4513:
3863:
3769:
3711:
3696:
3664:
3649:
3645:
3629:
3568:
3556:
3484:
3347:
3322:. Vol. 1. Springer. p. 353.
3231:
3229:
2899:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2585:
1009:, it is now regarded as synonymous to
4394:
4392:
4299:
4297:
4219:
4217:
4007:(in Japanese). Hoikusha. p. 13.
3681:
3616:
2554:Coyle, Meaghan; Liu, Junfeng (2019).
2083:Ranzan actually gave this type under
1929:plant with flowers and fruit in Nepal
1154:of Yunnan also used the plant seeds (
1150:people and other minorities, but the
7:
5880:d6754365-0743-463d-a18a-0dc88640288c
3853:. Josefina Ramos (tr.). p. 191.
3850:Notes on Philippine Medicinal Plants
3723:
3316:Xu, Zhenghao; Zhou, Guoning (2017).
2868:
2689:
2600:Southwestern Journal of Anthropology
2516:
2514:
2512:
1829:and ultrasonic-assisted extraction.
852:, Shizuoka Prefecture dating to the
426:, is a tall grain-bearing perennial
4743:Corke, H; Huang, Y; Li, JS (2015).
4361:Luis Ramirez Ascheri, José (1987).
4161:
4058:
3200:. Routledge. pp. 53, 343–344.
2471:
1774:Job's tears contain high amount of
1626:Harvest and post-harvest operations
961:. A type of Buddhist rosary called
5942:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30100521-2
5005:[Humans and job's tears].
4098:Arora, R.K. (1977). "Job's tears (
3603:§3. Map taken from Jackson (1917)
2929:10.1016/b978-0-12-394437-5.00008-5
2253:The Akha people are also found in
1488:are also made from the grain. One
600:Widely distributed throughout the
523:The seeds are known in Chinese as
25:
4416:Schaaffhausen, Reimar v. (1952).
3985:History and Culture of the Zoumis
2560:. World Scientific. p. 332.
2236:) was rooted in the ancient word
659:are elliptical, striate and soft.
2016:
2001:
1981:
1963:
1946:
1934:
1919:
1914:An unripened head of Job's Tears
1907:
1514:Job's tears are used with other
1271:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
737:
437:(grass family). It is native to
391:
60:
4974:[About cowrie shells].
4879:—— (October 2010).
2889:. Good Press. pp. 178–179.
1992:from the Japanese encyclopedia
1567:Seedbed requirements and sowing
714:in —was formerly placed in the
706:Eastern Himalayas to Indochina.
4898:Simoons, Frederick J. (2014).
3198:The Cultural History of Plants
2923:, Elsevier, pp. 184–189,
2853:10.1080/00087114.1995.10797328
1827:supercritical fluid extraction
1809:. The four main fatty acids, (
1473:
1450:
1441:
1318:
1309:
965:, which were hand-made by the
1:
4904:. CRC Press. pp. 81–83.
4747:. In Wrigley, Colin W (ed.).
4613:10.1080/87559129.2021.1892129
4376:10.47749/t/unicamp.1987.48605
3827:Brown, William Henry (1919).
3254:10.1016/s1674-6384(17)60086-8
2612:10.1086/soutjanth.9.3.3628701
2499:Agricultural Research Service
2148:), which states Job's tears (
1976:(Job's tears rice) from Korea
834:in the Asanebana Shell Midden
551:in pharmacopoeic literature.
4535:Arora, R. K. (1 July 1977).
4306:Rural Science and Technology
4190:Corke, Huang & Li (2015)
4166:Corke, Huang & Li (2015)
3971:Corke, Huang & Li (2015)
3425:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2270:were being obtained through
1958:(Job's tears tea) from Korea
1680:micronutrients like thiamine
1575:has a positive influence on
1554:Soil and climate requirement
1520:traditional Chinese medicine
1334:traditional Chinese Medicine
1074:), and Japanese ethnologist
6014:Decorative fruits and seeds
5040:Job's Tears on Wayne's Word
4749:Encyclopedia of Food Grains
4482:Annals of Tropical Research
4319:Gorne, Nello (2020-06-23).
3983:Neihsial; Tualchin (1993),
3474:Furukawa, Mizumasa (1963).
2921:Encyclopedia of Food Grains
1408:
979:
936:
6050:
4771:Sōmokuchūgyo no jinruigaku
4601:Food Reviews International
3533:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
3134:Arora, R. K. (July 1977).
3089:(in Japanese), p. 227
3069:Takahashi, Mamoru (2003),
3027:房総における原始古代の農耕―各時代における諸問題2―
2659:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1871:Chaetanaphothrips orchidii
880:is not closely related to
548:semen coicis lachryma-jobi
29:
5443:
5189:
5173:
5105:
4938:Yanagita, Kunio (1950). "
4924:"Coix spp. (Job's tears)"
4837:"Yokuinin no chiyūshohō"
4074:L'agriculture au Cambodge
3738:"Coix spp. (Job's tears)"
3726:, pp. 192, 202, 212.
3460:重訂本草綱目啓蒙 48巻. [9]
3086:板屋III遺跡 2 縄文時代～近世の複合遺跡の調査
2049:
1484:In both Korea and China,
1415:
1351:(‘organic job's tears’).
986:
947:) ‘Buddhist rosary beads’
943:
838:
830:), e.g., from studies of
643:
529:
357:Lithagrostis lacryma-jobi
219:
212:
194:
187:
57:Scientific classification
55:
46:
41:
6034:Austronesian agriculture
6019:Plants described in 1753
5010:
5002:
4979:
4971:
4882:
4838:
4815:
4773:
4734:
4003:
3478:
3459:
3451:
3242:Chinese Herbal Medicines
3109:伊豆山木遺跡 : 弥生時代木製品の研究
3108:
3085:
3072:
3026:
2710:
2708:Genshoku wakanyaku zukan
2066:The finds occurred in a
1694:. They cover 8 types of
1549:Cultivation requirements
1454:), and is also known as
957:according to folklorist
5418:Intermediate wheatgrass
4789:Lim, Tong Kwee (2013).
4494:(inactive 2024-04-03).
4400:NMSCST Research Journal
4071:Tichit, Lucien (1981).
3749:Droit, Coutume, Mémoire
3192:Nesbitt, Mark (2012) .
2992:10.1073/pnas.1601465113
1698:for human consumption.
1399:(薏仁漿), also appears in
1389:, a thick drink called
1358:, where it is known as
1258:The plant was known as
1235:
1089:Mainland Southeast Asia
710:Job's tears—along with
559:The species, native to
5466:History of agriculture
4835:Koyama, Seiji (1996),
4642:Kalaisekar, A (2017).
2160:). The recipe for the
1610:Growth and development
1590:Cultivation management
1227:
1206:, the plant is called
1173:Insular Southeast Asia
906:
788:Job's tears - as with
6029:Job (biblical figure)
5018:] (in Japanese).
4987:] (in Japanese).
4780:] (in Japanese).
4491:10.32945/atr4215.2020
1893:It is susceptible to
1887:Ceratovacuna lanigera
1266:, e.g., Puerto Rico.
1204:Kadazandusun language
1059:Ocean Road hypothesis
904:
5461:Neolithic Revolution
5396:Emerging grain crops
4681:. Elsevier Science.
4646:. London: Elsevier.
4040:Bretschneider (1895)
3937:Hill, A.F. (1952) .
3845:Guerrero, León María
3275:Bretschneider (1895)
2211:shamanesses and the
2112:(‘Korean wheat’) as
1879:Rhopalosiphum maidis
1780:sodium metabisulfite
1510:Traditional medicine
1094:Thailand and Myanmar
994:(ogre) rosary beads’
971:ascetics practicing
953:was a corruption of
455:Chinese pearl barley
180:C. lacryma-jobi
5501:Genetic engineering
5022:. pp. 225–248.
4991:. pp. 211–224.
4928:Agricultural Ledger
4791:"Coix lacryma-jobi"
4553:1977EcBot..31..358A
4434:1952EcBot...6..216S
4202:Duke, J.A. (1983).
4116:1977EcBot..31..358A
3807:Archibald Constable
3479:ハトムギの効用—ガンと美容と長寿にきく
3152:1977EcBot..31..358A
2983:2016PNAS..113.6444W
2810:1952EcBot...6..216S
2743:1974EcBot..28...38J
2397:(772): 22, 287–288.
2156:, or as dumplings (
1854:Ostrinia furnacalis
1707:Percentage by mass
1639:by hand or using a
1622:matter production.
1571:Soaking seeds with
1480:Alcoholic beverages
1381:Beverages and soups
1192:Kadazandusun people
1109:Chiang Rai Province
606:peninsular Malaysia
602:Indian subcontinent
374:Sphaerium tubulosum
344:K.Koch & Bouché
5511:Crop wild relative
5506:Selective breeding
5333:A. hypochondriacus
5045:Sorting Coix names
4883:植物のビーズ：「ジュズダマ」と暮らす
4561:10.1007/BF02866887
4442:10.1007/BF02985062
4367:acervus.unicamp.br
4164:, p. 245 and
4124:10.1007/bf02866887
3987:, pp. 195–196
3878:Revista Geográfica
3785:. 12 January 2024.
3747:(in French) (160,
3389:Botanical Magazine
3160:10.1007/bf02866887
2818:10.1007/BF02985062
2752:10.1007/BF02861377
2448:(February 1951) .
1941:Job's tears grains
1770:Starch and protein
1462:Vietnamese cuisine
1072:J. Wilfrid Jackson
907:
874:Asian supermarkets
846:Okayama Prefecture
749:. You can help by
488:is harvested as a
5991:
5990:
5888:Open Tree of Life
5566:Coix lacryma-jobi
5536:Coix lacryma-jobi
5528:Taxon identifiers
5519:
5518:
5391:
5390:
5369:
5368:
5351:Pitseed goosefoot
5291:Tartary buckwheat
5263:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5254:
4940:Takaragai no koto
4727:Bretschneider, E.
4688:978-0-12-394437-5
4653:978-0-12-804243-4
4206:Coix lacryma-jobi
4152:, pp. 43–44.
4100:Coix lacryma-jobi
4030:, pp. 42–43.
3619:, pp. 17–18.
3444:Ranzan Ono sensei
2977:(23): 6444–6448.
2705:; Fukuda (1980).
2647:Coix lacryma-jobi
2487:Coix lacryma-jobi
2389:(20 March 1920).
2325:Coix lacryma-jobi
2035:Explanatory notes
2024:Coix lacryma-jobi
1990:Coix lacryma-jobi
1862:Pelopidas mathias
1767:
1766:
1659:Nutritional value
1486:distilled liquors
844:(ca. 4000 BC) in
767:
766:
691:Coix lacryma-jobi
665:Coix lacryma-jobi
618:Coix lacryma-jobi
590:Coix lacryma-jobi
567:in 1753 with the
482:Coix lacryma-jobi
466:Coix lacryma-jobi
418:), also known as
415:Coix lacryma-jobi
385:
384:
378:
369:
365:Sphaerium lacryma
361:
353:
345:
337:
329:
320:
312:
303:
295:
287:
278:
269:
261:
252:
244:
236:
228:
198:Coix lacryma-jobi
16:(Redirected from
6041:
5984:
5983:
5971:
5970:
5958:
5957:
5945:
5944:
5932:
5931:
5919:
5918:
5906:
5905:
5896:
5895:
5883:
5882:
5873:
5872:
5860:
5859:
5857:NBNSYS0200003593
5847:
5846:
5834:
5833:
5821:
5820:
5808:
5807:
5795:
5794:
5782:
5781:
5772:
5771:
5759:
5758:
5746:
5745:
5733:
5732:
5720:
5719:
5707:
5706:
5694:
5693:
5681:
5680:
5668:
5667:
5655:
5654:
5642:
5641:
5629:
5628:
5616:
5615:
5606:
5605:
5593:
5592:
5580:
5579:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5523:
5496:Green Revolution
5481:Tell Abu Hureyra
5476:Fertile Crescent
5471:Natufian culture
5413:Indian ricegrass
5306:
5274:
5187:
5182:
5175:
5103:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5056:
5023:
4992:
4966:
4957:Hito to zuzudama
4952:
4935:
4915:
4894:
4888:
4875:
4855:
4845:
4831:
4821:
4808:
4785:
4762:
4745:"Coix: overview"
4739:
4713:
4712:
4706:
4702:
4700:
4692:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4592:
4581:
4580:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4519:
4511:
4493:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4413:
4407:
4396:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4301:
4292:
4291:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4221:
4212:
4211:
4199:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4175:
4169:
4159:
4153:
4147:
4136:
4135:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4068:
4062:
4056:
4043:
4037:
4031:
4025:
4019:
4018:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3959:
3958:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3873:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3824:
3811:
3810:
3797:Beccari, Odoardo
3793:
3787:
3786:
3779:
3773:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3742:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3700:
3694:
3685:
3679:
3668:
3662:
3653:
3643:
3637:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3601:Yanagita (1961a)
3598:
3592:
3589:Yanagita (1961a)
3586:
3580:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3498:Matsumura, Jinzō
3494:
3488:
3482:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3452:巻之十九/穀之二稷粟一（十八種）
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3415:
3409:
3406:Yanagita (1961b)
3403:
3397:
3396:
3377:
3368:
3365:Yanagita (1961b)
3362:
3351:
3345:
3334:
3333:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3233:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3189:
3180:
3179:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:10.11501/3025934
3097:
3091:
3090:
3079:
3066:
3060:
3053:
3044:
3043:
3042:, September 2002
3033:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3004:
2994:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2917:"Coix: Overview"
2912:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2857:
2856:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2795:
2786:
2773:
2772:
2754:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2572:
2571:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2522:Hitchcock, A. S.
2518:
2507:
2506:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2456:
2455:
2446:Hitchcock, A. S.
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2426:
2420:. Archived from
2415:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2387:Hitchcock, A. S.
2383:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2358:
2342:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2319:331, "Maize and
2318:
2313:
2301:
2294:
2288:
2281:
2275:
2272:Overseas Chinese
2264:
2258:
2251:
2245:
2226:
2220:
2203:
2197:
2183:
2174:Ryōri monogatari
2170:
2143:
2131:
2125:
2106:
2100:
2081:
2075:
2064:
2058:
2055:Shaanxi Province
2052:
2051:
2045:
2020:
2005:
1988:Illustration of
1985:
1967:
1950:
1938:
1923:
1911:
1848:Sesamia inferens
1796:
1701:
1645:manual threshing
1641:treadle thresher
1563:altitude areas.
1475:
1452:
1443:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1411:
1330:
1320:
1311:
1084:
1008:
995:
989:
988:
982:
948:
946:
945:
939:
843:
841:
840:
813:Yangshao Culture
762:
759:
741:
734:
701:
680:
646:
645:
629:
534:
533:
411:
410:
407:
406:
403:
400:
397:
376:
367:
359:
351:
343:
335:
327:
318:
310:
301:
293:
285:
276:
267:
260:Jacq. ex Spreng.
259:
250:
242:
234:
232:Coix arundinacea
226:
200:
65:
64:
51:
39:
27:Species of plant
21:
18:Job's Tears
6049:
6048:
6044:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6038:
5994:
5993:
5992:
5987:
5979:
5974:
5966:
5961:
5953:
5948:
5940:
5935:
5927:
5922:
5914:
5909:
5901:
5899:
5891:
5886:
5878:
5876:
5868:
5863:
5855:
5850:
5842:
5837:
5829:
5824:
5816:
5811:
5803:
5798:
5790:
5785:
5777:
5775:
5767:
5762:
5754:
5749:
5741:
5736:
5728:
5723:
5715:
5710:
5702:
5697:
5689:
5684:
5676:
5671:
5663:
5658:
5650:
5645:
5637:
5632:
5624:
5619:
5611:
5609:
5601:
5596:
5588:
5583:
5575:
5573:
5564:
5563:
5558:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5530:
5520:
5515:
5439:
5434:Oryza coarctata
5387:
5365:
5295:
5251:
5223:
5180:
5169:
5092:
5083:
5036:
5031:
5012:
5004:
5000:
4981:
4973:
4969:
4964:
4961:Shizen to bunka
4950:
4918:
4912:
4897:
4886:
4884:
4878:
4873:
4858:
4850:(in Japanese),
4843:
4840:
4834:
4826:(in Japanese).
4819:
4817:
4816:はとむぎ(惹鼓仁ヨクイニン)考
4811:
4805:
4788:
4775:
4765:
4759:
4742:
4736:
4725:
4721:
4716:
4703:
4693:
4689:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4654:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4594:
4593:
4584:
4541:Economic Botany
4534:
4533:
4529:
4512:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4422:Economic Botany
4415:
4414:
4410:
4397:
4390:
4381:
4379:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4303:
4302:
4295:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4223:
4222:
4215:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4188:
4184:
4176:
4172:
4160:
4156:
4148:
4139:
4104:Economic Botany
4097:
4096:
4092:
4085:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4057:
4046:
4038:
4034:
4026:
4022:
4015:
4005:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3947:. p. 332.
3940:Economic Botany
3936:
3935:
3931:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3862:
3858:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3826:
3825:
3814:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3772:, pp. 6–7.
3768:
3764:
3740:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3722:
3718:
3710:
3703:
3695:
3688:
3680:
3671:
3667:, pp. 8–9.
3663:
3656:
3644:
3640:
3627:
3623:
3615:
3611:
3599:
3595:
3587:
3583:
3567:
3563:
3555:
3546:
3537:
3535:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3480:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3461:
3453:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3428:
3426:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3404:
3400:
3379:
3378:
3371:
3363:
3354:
3346:
3337:
3330:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3273:
3269:
3235:
3234:
3227:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3191:
3190:
3183:
3140:Economic Botany
3133:
3132:
3128:
3110:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3087:
3077:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3054:
3047:
3038:(in Japanese),
3031:
3028:
3023:
3022:
3018:
2957:Wang, Jiajing;
2956:
2955:
2951:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2914:
2913:
2906:
2898:
2894:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2867:
2860:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2798:Economic Botany
2793:
2788:
2787:
2776:
2731:Economic Botany
2724:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2676:
2672:
2663:
2661:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2584:
2575:
2568:
2553:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2520:
2519:
2510:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2470:
2459:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2295:
2291:
2282:
2278:
2265:
2261:
2255:Yunnan Province
2252:
2248:
2227:
2223:
2204:
2200:
2177:
2164:
2144:(Genroku 10 or
2137:
2132:
2128:
2114:C. lacryma jobi
2107:
2103:
2082:
2078:
2065:
2061:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2030:
2021:
2012:
2009:C. lacryma-jobi
2006:
1997:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1951:
1942:
1939:
1930:
1927:C. lacryma-jobi
1924:
1915:
1912:
1903:
1835:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1661:
1628:
1612:
1607:
1592:
1569:
1556:
1551:
1532:Huangdi Neijing
1512:
1482:
1412:
1401:Chinese cuisine
1383:
1300:) "kernels" or
1283:
1275:Cherokee Nation
1256:
1220:
1180:
1175:
1144:Yunnan Province
1096:
1091:
1078:
1061:
1042:C. lacryma jobi
1011:C. lacryma jobi
1004:
998:C. lacryma jobi
983:
963:irataka no juzu
940:
932:
927:
899:
894:
886:Hordeum vulgare
878:C. lacryma-jobi
835:
805:
786:
763:
757:
754:
747:needs expansion
728:
697:
671:
624:
563:, was named by
557:
498:
394:
390:
381:
341:Coix stigmatosa
336:(Oliv.) Balansa
333:Coix stenocarpa
291:Coix ouwehandii
251:Tod. ex Balansa
208:
202:
196:
183:
59:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6047:
6045:
6037:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
5996:
5995:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5985:
5981:wfo-0000860428
5972:
5959:
5946:
5933:
5920:
5907:
5897:
5884:
5874:
5861:
5848:
5835:
5822:
5809:
5796:
5783:
5773:
5760:
5747:
5734:
5721:
5708:
5695:
5682:
5669:
5656:
5643:
5630:
5617:
5607:
5594:
5581:
5571:
5556:
5540:
5538:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5430:
5425:
5423:Kangaroo grass
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5399:
5397:
5393:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5379:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5336:
5329:
5322:
5314:
5312:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5288:
5282:
5280:
5271:
5265:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5233:
5231:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5190:
5184:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5106:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5035:
5034:External links
5032:
5030:
5029:
5008:Kaijō no michi
4998:
4977:Kaijō no michi
4967:
4953:
4936:
4934:(13): 189–194.
4916:
4910:
4895:
4893:(in Japanese).
4876:
4871:
4856:
4832:
4809:
4803:
4786:
4763:
4757:
4740:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4705:|website=
4687:
4667:
4652:
4634:
4582:
4547:(3): 358–366.
4527:
4471:
4428:(3): 216–227.
4408:
4388:
4353:
4334:
4311:
4293:
4282:(3): 225–231.
4262:
4251:(3): 259–265.
4231:
4213:
4194:
4192:, p. 187.
4182:
4170:
4154:
4137:
4110:(3): 358–366.
4090:
4083:
4063:
4061:, p. 245.
4044:
4042:, p. 383.
4032:
4020:
4013:
3990:
3975:
3973:, p. 186.
3960:
3953:
3929:
3908:Collins, G. N.
3895:
3868:
3856:
3836:
3812:
3809:. p. 281.
3788:
3774:
3762:
3728:
3716:
3714:, pp. 4–5
3701:
3686:
3669:
3654:
3652:, pp. 8–9
3648:, p. 61;
3638:
3621:
3609:
3593:
3581:
3577:978-4643940824
3561:
3544:
3510:
3489:
3466:
3435:
3410:
3398:
3369:
3352:
3335:
3328:
3308:
3301:
3279:
3277:, p. 385.
3267:
3248:(2): 126–133.
3225:
3221:Simoons (2014)
3213:
3206:
3181:
3146:(3): 358–366.
3126:
3092:
3061:
3045:
3016:
2949:
2937:
2904:
2892:
2873:
2871:, p. 191.
2858:
2831:
2804:(3): 216–227.
2774:
2717:
2694:
2692:, p. 194.
2682:
2678:Simoons (2014)
2670:
2633:
2590:
2573:
2566:
2543:
2536:
2508:
2476:
2474:, p. 243.
2457:
2437:
2410:BSBI List 2007
2400:
2375:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2329:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2289:
2276:
2259:
2246:
2221:
2198:
2126:
2101:
2099:were the same.
2076:
2059:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2022:
2015:
2013:
2007:
2000:
1998:
1994:Seikei Zusetsu
1987:
1980:
1978:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1952:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1933:
1931:
1925:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1882:
1874:
1866:
1857:
1834:
1831:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:Carbohydrates
1709:
1708:
1705:
1660:
1657:
1627:
1624:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1591:
1588:
1568:
1565:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:(本草綱目)(16c.).
1537:materia medica
1511:
1508:
1481:
1478:
1436:in Cantonese (
1433:ching bo leung
1387:Korean cuisine
1382:
1379:
1332:) are used in
1282:
1279:
1255:
1252:
1219:
1216:
1184:Kelabit people
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1116:Karenni States
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1060:
1057:
1053:Kuroimine Site
959:Kunio Yanagita
931:
928:
926:
923:
898:
895:
893:
890:
876:, even though
828:Chūgoku region
804:
801:
785:
782:
765:
764:
744:
742:
727:
724:
708:
707:
703:
702:
687:
686:
682:
681:
661:
660:
635:
631:
630:
614:
613:
597:
596:
561:Southeast Asia
556:
553:
514:gromwell grass
497:
494:
457:, though true
439:Southeast Asia
433:of the family
383:
382:
380:
379:
377:(Warb.) Kuntze
371:
362:
354:
346:
338:
330:
322:
313:
308:Coix palustris
305:
296:
288:
280:
271:
262:
254:
248:Coix chinensis
245:
240:Coix chinensis
237:
229:
220:
217:
216:
210:
209:
203:
192:
191:
185:
184:
177:
175:
171:
170:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
116:
115:
110:
103:
102:
97:
90:
89:
84:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6046:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5982:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5925:
5921:
5917:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5898:
5894:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5875:
5871:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5814:
5810:
5806:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5774:
5770:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5752:
5748:
5744:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5608:
5604:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5572:
5567:
5561:
5557:
5552:
5546:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5524:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5491:Domestication
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5456:Founder crops
5454:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5301:Amaranthaceae
5298:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5279:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5269:Pseudocereals
5266:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5176:
5172:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5090:pseudocereals
5087:
5080:
5075:
5073:
5068:
5066:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5027:
5021:
5020:Chikuma Shobo
5017:
5013:
5009:
4999:
4996:
4990:
4989:Chikuma Shobo
4986:
4982:
4978:
4968:
4965:(in Japanese)
4962:
4958:
4954:
4951:(in Japanese)
4948:
4945:
4944:Bunka Okinawa
4941:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4911:9781482259322
4907:
4903:
4902:
4896:
4892:
4885:
4877:
4874:
4872:9784901838009
4868:
4864:
4863:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4841:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4824:大阪市立大学生活科学部紀要
4818:
4810:
4806:
4804:9789400756533
4800:
4796:
4792:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4758:9780123947864
4754:
4750:
4746:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4710:
4698:
4690:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4671:
4668:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4645:
4638:
4635:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4531:
4528:
4523:
4517:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4483:
4475:
4472:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4412:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4377:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4357:
4354:
4349:
4345:
4338:
4335:
4331:(1): 124–130.
4330:
4326:
4322:
4315:
4312:
4308:: (14):83–84.
4307:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4266:
4263:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4235:
4232:
4228:: (2):95, 71.
4227:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4209:
4207:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4183:
4180:, p. 44.
4179:
4174:
4171:
4168:, p. 187
4167:
4163:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4094:
4091:
4086:
4084:9789290280316
4080:
4076:
4075:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4024:
4021:
4016:
4014:4-586-50515-X
4010:
4006:
4002:
4001:Yakusō nyūmon
3994:
3991:
3986:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3956:
3954:9780070287891
3950:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3933:
3930:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3896:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3872:
3869:
3866:, p. 10.
3865:
3864:Ochiai (2010)
3860:
3857:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3840:
3837:
3832:
3831:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3784:
3778:
3775:
3771:
3770:Ochiai (2010)
3766:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3712:Ochiai (2010)
3708:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3697:Ochiai (2010)
3693:
3691:
3687:
3684:, p. 16.
3683:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3665:Ochiai (2010)
3661:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3650:Ochiai (2010)
3647:
3646:Ochiai (2002)
3642:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3630:Ochiai (2010)
3625:
3622:
3618:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3569:Ochiai (2010)
3565:
3562:
3559:, p. 67.
3558:
3557:Koyama (1996)
3553:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3522:
3521:Coix agrestis
3514:
3511:
3506:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3490:
3487:, p. 67.
3486:
3485:Koyama (1996)
3477:
3470:
3467:
3462:
3458:
3449:
3445:
3439:
3436:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3350:, p. 11.
3349:
3348:Ochiai (2010)
3344:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3329:9789402409543
3325:
3321:
3320:
3312:
3309:
3304:
3302:9781461485858
3298:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3271:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3223:, p. 81.
3222:
3217:
3214:
3209:
3207:9781135958114
3203:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3101:Gotō, Shuichi
3096:
3093:
3088:
3084:
3075:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3029:
3020:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2950:
2940:
2938:9780123947864
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2900:Ochiai (2010)
2896:
2893:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2703:Namba, Tsuneo
2698:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2683:
2680:, p. 82.
2679:
2674:
2671:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2648:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2591:
2588:, p. 63.
2587:
2586:Koyama (1996)
2582:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2567:9789811206139
2563:
2559:
2558:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2537:9781901149043
2533:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2480:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2427:on 2015-06-26
2423:
2419:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2354:
2348:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2309:
2299:
2298:hatomugi kōhī
2293:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2171:snack in the
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2044:
2041:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1889:
1888:
1884:woolly aphid
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1865:(leaf feeder)
1864:
1863:
1859:rice skipper
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1819:palmitic acid
1816:
1815:linoleic acid
1812:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1678:They contain
1677:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1665:dietary fibre
1658:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1542:Bencao Gangmu
1538:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1524:folk medicine
1521:
1517:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:(옥로주; hanja:
1495:
1491:
1490:Korean liquor
1487:
1479:
1477:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1451:qing bu liang
1447:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1397:yi ren jiang
1394:
1393:
1388:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1349:yūki hatomugi
1346:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1222:Job's tears (
1217:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1111:of Thailand.
1110:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1065:cowrie shells
1058:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
993:
981:
976:
975:
970:
969:
964:
960:
956:
952:
938:
929:
924:
922:
919:
914:
912:
903:
896:
891:
889:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
861:
857:
855:
851:
847:
833:
829:
825:
820:
818:
814:
810:
802:
800:
798:
795:
791:
783:
781:
779:
774:
772:
761:
758:December 2020
752:
748:
745:This section
743:
740:
736:
735:
732:
725:
723:
721:
717:
713:
705:
704:
700:
696:
692:
689:
688:
684:
683:
679:
675:
670:
666:
663:
662:
658:
654:
650:
640:
636:
633:
632:
628:
625:(Rom.Caill.)
623:
619:
616:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
598:
595:
591:
588:
587:
586:
584:
580:
579:
575:
570:
566:
565:Carl Linnaeus
562:
554:
552:
550:
549:
544:
543:
538:
532:
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
495:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:
409:
389:
375:
372:
366:
363:
358:
355:
350:
349:Coix tubulosa
347:
342:
339:
334:
331:
326:
323:
317:
314:
309:
306:
300:
297:
292:
289:
284:
281:
275:
272:
266:
265:Coix gigantea
263:
258:
257:Coix exaltata
255:
249:
246:
241:
238:
233:
230:
225:
224:Coix agrestis
222:
221:
218:
215:
211:
206:
201:
199:
193:
190:
189:Binomial name
186:
182:
181:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:Tracheophytes
85:
82:
79:
78:
75:
72:
69:
68:
63:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5535:
5432:
5403:Canary grass
5338:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5278:Polygonaceae
5125:Maize (Corn)
5119:
5015:
5007:
4984:
4976:
4960:
4956:
4955:—— (1953). "
4946:
4943:
4939:
4931:
4927:
4920:Watt, George
4900:
4890:
4861:
4851:
4847:
4830:(19): 37–46.
4827:
4823:
4794:
4777:
4770:
4767:Iwata, Keiji
4748:
4731:
4719:Bibliography
4677:
4670:
4643:
4637:
4604:
4600:
4544:
4540:
4530:
4516:cite journal
4481:
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4425:
4421:
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4399:
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4366:
4356:
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4337:
4328:
4324:
4314:
4305:
4279:
4275:
4265:
4248:
4244:
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4093:
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4023:
4000:
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3932:
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3849:
3839:
3829:
3801:
3791:
3777:
3765:
3748:
3744:
3731:
3719:
3699:, p. 6.
3682:Iwata (1991)
3641:
3633:
3624:
3617:Iwata (1991)
3612:
3604:
3596:
3584:
3564:
3536:. Retrieved
3526:
3520:
3519:"Search for
3513:
3502:
3492:
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3427:. Retrieved
3422:
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3318:
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2952:
2942:, retrieved
2920:
2902:, p. 1.
2895:
2886:
2876:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2801:
2797:
2737:(1): 38–42.
2734:
2730:
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2673:
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2652:
2646:
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2603:
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2093:shikoku-mugi
2092:
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2084:
2079:
2062:
2043:
2023:
2008:
1993:
1989:
1970:
1953:
1926:
1892:
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1877:
1869:
1860:
1852:
1846:
1845:stem borers
1836:
1823:stearic acid
1804:
1800:
1799:
1773:
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1768:
1736:Crude fiber
1676:
1662:
1653:
1629:
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1573:disinfectant
1570:
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1457:sâm bổ lượng
1455:
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1431:
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1409:hatomugi cha
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1342:
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1269:In both the
1268:
1259:
1257:
1248:Tboli people
1221:
1207:
1196:Murut people
1181:
1160:
1155:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1113:
1104:Karen people
1097:
1069:
1062:
1050:
1046:lacryma-jobi
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1026:shikoku-mugi
1025:
1019:
1015:lacryma-jobi
1014:
1010:
1001:
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980:oni-juzudama
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950:
933:
918:prayer beads
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866:pearl barley
862:
858:
854:Yayoi Period
824:Jōmon Period
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787:
775:
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690:
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664:
649:Cochin China
621:
617:
594:lacryma-jobi
593:
589:
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558:
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546:
542:semen coicis
541:
540:
536:
524:
522:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
499:
496:Nomenclature
485:
481:
474:prayer beads
470:lacryma-jobi
469:
465:
463:
454:
424:adlay millet
423:
419:
414:
413:
387:
386:
373:
364:
360:(L.) Gaertn.
356:
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340:
332:
324:
316:Coix pendula
315:
307:
298:
290:
283:Coix ma-yuen
282:
274:Coix lacryma
273:
264:
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239:
231:
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178:
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5839:NatureServe
5764:iNaturalist
5560:Wikispecies
5326:A. cruentus
5319:A. caudatus
5120:Job's tears
4732:228 i i jen
4607:: 921–939.
3945:McGraw-Hill
3904:Cook, O. F.
3751:): 48, 51.
3724:Watt (1904)
2963:Ball, Terry
2869:Watt (1904)
2690:Watt (1904)
2234:tsushi-tama
2230:tsushi-dama
2178: [
2165: [
2162:okoshi-gome
2154:cooked rice
2138: [
2110:chōsen-mugi
2089:chōsen-mugi
2053:) village,
2047:in Mijaya (
1895:leaf blight
1807:fatty acids
1801:Fatty acids
1752:Phosphorus
1696:amino acids
1577:germination
1285:Throughout
1218:Philippines
1169:, Myanmar.
1120:Kayah State
1100:Akha people
1079: [
1076:Keiji Iwata
1038:C. agrestis
1034:chōsen-mugi
870:common name
502:Job's-tears
388:Job's tears
370:nom. illeg.
368:(L.) Kuntze
325:Coix pumila
321:nom. illeg.
304:nom. illeg.
279:nom. illeg.
270:nom. illeg.
253:nom. illeg.
156:Panicoideae
152:Subfamily:
126:Commelinids
100:Angiosperms
5998:Categories
5916:kew-405633
5911:Plant List
5610:Calflora:
5486:Tell Aswad
5428:Nipa grass
5181:(Triticum)
5026:plain text
5016:Ocean Road
4995:plain text
4985:Ocean Road
4854:(1): 63–69
4382:2022-12-03
4162:Lim (2013)
4059:Lim (2013)
3918:(2): 122.
3884:(53): 19.
3805:. London:
3634:Newsletter
3538:2020-12-23
3429:2020-12-22
3381:Makino, T.
2944:2022-11-13
2847:(2): 181.
2841:Caryologia
2664:2015-02-01
2472:Lim (2013)
2431:2014-10-17
2349:References
2274:middlemen.
1811:oleic acid
1704:Nutrients
1684:riboflavin
1605:Production
1539:reference
1492:is called
1324:Wade–Giles
1167:Shan State
1022:Ono Ranzan
832:phytoliths
726:Morphology
720:involucres
695:stenocarpa
657:involucres
610:involucres
518:tear grass
506:Jobs-tears
299:Coix ovata
286:Rom.Caill.
5738:GrassBase
5717:200025080
5704:200025080
5686:FloraBase
5451:Triticeae
5375:Lamiaceae
5286:Buckwheat
5165:Wild rice
5160:Triticale
4959:人とズズダマ".
4707:ignored (
4697:cite book
4662:967265246
4629:233668492
4621:8755-9129
4569:1874-9364
4508:218918929
4500:0116-0710
4484:: 56–71.
4450:0013-0001
4288:1225-9306
4257:1225-9306
3504:natalibus
3262:1674-6384
3168:0013-0001
2883:"16 Coix"
2761:0013-0001
2628:129989677
2321:Tripsacum
2285:yi yi ren
1955:Yulmu-cha
1688:vitamin E
1474:薏米炖鸡=薏米燉鷄
1466:yimidunji
1392:yulmu cha
1287:East Asia
1264:New Spain
1260:calandula
1152:Wa people
1118:(current
1030:Kyōho era
968:yamabushi
955:zuzu-dama
951:juzu-dama
925:East Asia
850:Toro site
809:Neolithic
797:prolamins
771:involucre
669:puellarum
535:), where
510:coix seed
451:elevation
447:New World
174:Species:
70:Kingdom:
5968:25515612
5963:Tropicos
5844:2.155302
5805:10202022
5792:396529-1
5743:imp02499
5545:Wikidata
5447:See also
5310:Amaranth
5214:Norin 10
5209:Red Fife
5204:Khorasan
5028:@ aozora
4997:@ aozora
4942:宝貝のこと".
4922:(1904).
4848:日本東洋医学雑誌
4839:薏苡仁の治疣処方
4782:Kodansha
4774:草木虫魚の人類学
4769:(1991).
4729:(1895).
4577:34319145
4466:33268153
4132:34319145
3924:23490917
3890:41888470
3847:(1989).
3799:(1904).
3757:25133422
3500:(1905).
3383:(1906),
3194:"Grains"
3176:34319145
3103:(1962),
3011:27217567
2826:33268153
2769:32324938
2524:(2003).
2369:6 August
2242:tsushiya
2238:tsushiya
2194:yokuinin
1744:Calcium
1720:Protein
1637:threshed
1584:anthesis
1427:tong sui
1368:soy milk
1364:Thailand
1356:Cambodia
1319:yiyi ren
1298:polished
1273:and the
1254:Americas
1244:rosaries
1102:and the
974:shugendō
937:juzudama
784:Proteins
555:Taxonomy
525:yìyǐ rén
478:rosaries
428:tropical
214:Synonyms
142:Family:
113:Monocots
6009:Cereals
5730:2706301
5652:1114853
5634:Ecocrop
5551:Q827098
5356:Cañihua
5340:Celosia
5237:Einkorn
5150:Sorghum
5130:Millets
5098:Cereals
5086:Cereals
4549:Bibcode
4458:4252082
4430:Bibcode
4112:Bibcode
3745:L'Homme
3395:: 11–10
3148:Bibcode
3002:4988576
2979:Bibcode
2959:Liu, Li
2806:Bibcode
2739:Bibcode
2711:原色和漢薬図鑑
2620:3628701
2341:(107)."
2268:Bangkok
2118:koreana
1901:Gallery
1839:locusts
1763:0.001%
1755:0.242%
1673:calcium
1649:milling
1632:panicle
1598:Tillage
1470:Chinese
1438:Chinese
1329:i i jen
1306:Chinese
1224:Tagalog
1188:Sarawak
1163:Taungyo
1140:Burmese
803:History
778:stamens
716:Maydeae
678:A.Camus
674:Balansa
639:Ma Yuan
622:ma-yuen
569:epithet
486:ma-yuen
435:Poaceae
319:Salisb.
268:J.Jacq.
162:Genus:
146:Poaceae
132:Order:
74:Plantae
5955:1286-1
5924:PLANTS
5877:NZOR:
5769:145588
5678:191211
5639:206429
5603:401124
5574:APDB:
5361:Djulis
5346:Quinoa
5219:Winter
5179:Wheat
5110:Barley
5003:人とズズダマ
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2087:alias
2085:tōmugi
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1971:Yulmu-
1876:aphid
1868:thrip
1821:, and
1776:starch
1747:0.07%
1692:niacin
1690:, and
1643:. For
1616:ratoon
1579:rate.
1494:okroju
1472::
1448::
1446:pinyin
1440::
1326::
1316::
1314:pinyin
1308::
1291:gruels
1240:Visaya
1210:. The
1178:Borneo
1156:tɛ kao
1132:kayeik
1126:(var.
1006:Makino
1002:maxima
897:Crafts
882:barley
817:barley
811:(late
794:α-zein
653:Tonkin
516:, and
490:cereal
459:barley
443:annual
311:Koord.
302:Stokes
294:Koord.
136:Poales
5950:SANBI
5900:PFI:
5893:83448
5831:41586
5818:15648
5800:IRMNG
5779:13968
5776:IPA:
5756:11129
5673:EUNIS
5665:COXLJ
5613:10539
5590:73086
5577:52473
5408:Drinn
5247:Spelt
5242:Emmer
5229:Farro
5199:Durum
5194:Bread
5115:Fonio
5014:[
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4972:寶貝のこと
4887:(PDF)
4844:(PDF)
4820:(PDF)
4776:[
4625:S2CID
4573:S2CID
4504:S2CID
4462:S2CID
4454:JSTOR
4128:S2CID
3920:JSTOR
3886:JSTOR
3753:JSTOR
3741:(PDF)
3483:apud
3448:yokui
3172:S2CID
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3078:(PDF)
3032:(PDF)
2822:S2CID
2794:(PDF)
2765:S2CID
2624:S2CID
2616:JSTOR
2425:(xls)
2414:(xls)
2208:itako
2182:]
2169:]
2158:dango
2150:yokui
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2122:WCSPF
2116:var.
2068:Banpo
1833:Pests
1760:Iron
1516:herbs
1416:ハトムギ茶
1360:skuay
1345:Japan
1338:infra
1336:(see
1236:adlái
1232:Bikol
1228:tigbí
1212:Kayan
1208:dalai
1200:Sabah
1138:) in
1136:kyeit
1128:kyeik
1124:cheik
1083:]
1044:var.
1013:var.
1000:var.
930:Japan
911:beads
839:朝寝鼻貝塚
699:Oliv.
693:var.
667:var.
627:Stapf
620:var.
592:var.
484:var.
468:var.
431:plant
420:adlay
352:Hack.
328:Roxb.
227:Lour.
120:Clade
107:Clade
94:Clade
81:Clade
32:Eshay
6004:Coix
5937:POWO
5929:COLA
5903:7830
5870:4505
5865:NCBI
5826:ITIS
5787:IPNI
5751:GRIN
5725:GBIF
5660:EPPO
5626:WWPQ
5598:BOLD
5585:APNI
5383:Chia
5155:Teff
5140:Rice
5135:Oats
5088:and
5011:海上の道
4980:海上の道
4963:(3)
4949:(7)
4906:ISBN
4867:ISBN
4799:ISBN
4753:ISBN
4709:help
4683:ISBN
4658:OCLC
4648:ISBN
4617:ISSN
4565:ISSN
4522:link
4496:ISSN
4446:ISSN
4406:(1).
4284:ISSN
4253:ISSN
4079:ISBN
4009:ISBN
4004:薬草入門
3949:ISBN
3628:Cf.
3573:ISBN
3324:ISBN
3297:ISBN
3258:ISSN
3202:ISBN
3164:ISSN
3007:PMID
2933:ISBN
2757:ISSN
2562:ISBN
2532:ISBN
2371:2017
2217:juzu
2213:Ainu
2190:1643
2188:20,
2186:Kaei
2146:1697
2095:and
2072:type
2028:MHNT
1851:and
1728:Fat
1723:14%
1715:65%
1671:and
1669:zinc
1560:loam
1281:Food
1194:and
1148:Hani
1098:The
987:鬼数珠玉
892:Uses
790:Coix
712:Coix
651:(or
574:tear
243:Tod.
235:Lam.
167:Coix
5976:WFO
5852:NBN
5813:ISC
5712:FoC
5699:FNA
5691:276
5647:EoL
5621:CoL
5145:Rye
4735:薏苡仁
4609:doi
4557:doi
4486:doi
4438:doi
4371:doi
4120:doi
3450:)"
3250:doi
3156:doi
3118:doi
2997:PMC
2987:doi
2975:113
2925:doi
2849:doi
2814:doi
2747:doi
2608:doi
2232:or
2070:IV
2050:米家崖
1973:bap
1739:3%
1731:5%
1522:or
1518:in
1476:).
1460:in
1442:清補涼
1385:In
1354:In
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1238:in
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992:oni
990:) ‘
944:数珠玉
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578:Job
576:of
545:or
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