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1435:. On 23 July 2012, Elbow performed live at the observatory and filmed a documentary of the event and the facility which was released as a live CD/DVD of the concert. On 6 July 2013, Transmission 4 featured Australian Pink Floyd, Hawkwind, The Time & Space Machine and The Lucid Dream. On 7 July 2013, Transmission 5 featured New Order, Johnny Marr, The Whip, Public Service Broadcasting, Jake Evans and Hot Vestry. On 30 August 2013, Transmission 6 featured Sigur Ros, Polca and Daughter.
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Associate
Director for the Jodrell Bank Observatory. In 2016, Prof. Michael Garrett was appointed as the inaugural Sir Bernard Lovell chair of Astrophysics and Director of Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics. As Director JBCA, Prof. Garrett also has overall responsibility for Jodrell Bank Observatory.
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was also designated at the same grade. On the same date five other buildings on the site were designated at Grade II; namely the
Searchlight Telescope, the Control Building, the Park Royal Building, the Electrical Workshop, and the Link Hut. Grade I is the highest of the three grades of listing, and
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In
October 2010, work on a new visitor centre started and the Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre opened on 11 April 2011. It includes an entrance building, the Planet Pavilion, a Space Pavilion for exhibitions and events, a glass-walled cafe with a view of the Lovell Telescope and an outdoor dining area,
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meteor shower. When the antenna was turned by 90 degrees at the maximum of the shower, the number of detections dropped to the background level, proving that the transient signals detected by radar were from meteors. The telescope was then used to determine the radiant points for meteors. This was
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was formed. Prof Ralph
Spencer was Acting Director during 2009 and 2010. In October 2010, Prof. Albert Zijlstra became Director of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics. Professor Lucio Piccirillo was the Director of the Observatory from Oct 2010 to Oct 2011. Prof. Simon Garrington is the JBCA
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126 ft (38 m) above the ground. The telescope mainly looked directly upwards, but the direction of the beam could be changed by small amounts by tilting the mast to change the position of the focal point. The focal mast was changed from timber to steel before construction was complete.
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None of the proposed telescopes was constructed, although design studies were carried out and scale models were made, partly because of the changing political climate, and partly due to the financial constraints of astronomical research in the UK. Also it became necessary to upgrade the Lovell
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probe. The telescope sent commands to the probe, including those to separate it from its carrier rocket and turn on its more powerful transmitter when the probe was eight million miles away. It received data from the probe, the only telescope in the world capable of doing so. In
February 1966,
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1028:, and was mostly used for moon radar experiments. It has been decommissioned. An 18-inch (460 mm) reflecting optical telescope was donated to the observatory in 1951 but was not used much, and was donated to the Salford Astronomical Society around 1971.
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and giant stars; observations of pulsars (including the discovery of millisecond pulsars and the first pulsar in a globular cluster); and observations of quasars and gravitational lenses (including the detection of the first gravitational lens and the first
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among others. The main Lovell telescope was rotated to face the onlooking crowd and used as a huge projection screen showing various animated planetary effects. During the interval the 'screen' was used to show a history of Lovell's work and
Jodrell Bank.
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Tracking space probes only took a fraction of the Lovell telescope's observing time, and the remainder was used for scientific observations including using radar to measure the distance to the Moon and to Venus; observations of astrophysical masers around
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meteor trails by
October 1946. The first staff were Alf Dean and Frank Foden who observed meteors with the naked eye while Lovell observed the electromagnetic signal using equipment. The first time Lovell turned the radar on – 14 December 1945 – the
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The Mark II telescope is an elliptical radio telescope, with a major axis of 38.1 metres (125 ft) and a minor axis of 25.4 metres (83 ft). It was constructed in 1964. As well as operating as a standalone telescope, it has been used as an
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The
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, of which the Observatory is a part, is one of the largest astrophysics research groups in the UK. About half of the research of the group is in the area of radio astronomy – including research into
950:-mile-long (1.2 km) railway line adjoining Jodrell Bank, but concerns about future levels of interference meant that a site in Wales would have been preferable. Design proposals by Husband and Co and Freeman Fox, who had designed the
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When the 42 ft was installed, a smaller dish, the "7 m" (actually 6.4 m, or 21 ft, in diameter) was installed and is used for undergraduate teaching. The 42 ft and 7 m telescopes were originally used at the
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The "Mark I" telescope, now known as the Lovell
Telescope, was the world's largest steerable dish radio telescope, 76.2 metres (250 ft) in diameter, when it was constructed in 1957; it is now the third largest, after the
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With the support of Sir
Bernard Lovell, the telescope tracked Russian satellites. Satellite and space probe observations were shared with the US Department of Defense satellite tracking research and development activity at
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prevented him from doing so. He moved the equipment to Jodrell Bank, 25 miles (40 km) south of the city, on 10 December 1945. Lovell's main research was transient radio echoes, which he confirmed were from
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The visitor centre is open Tuesday to Sunday and Mondays during school and bank holidays and organises public outreach events, including public lectures, star parties, and "ask an astronomer" sessions.
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A path around the Lovell telescope is approximately 20 m from the telescope's outer railway, information boards explain how the telescope works and the research that is done with it.
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said "It will be a disaster … The fate of the Jodrell Bank telescope is bound up with the fate of e-MERLIN. I don't think the establishment can survive if the e-MERLIN funding is cut".
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ever built. In April 2015 it was announced that Jodrell Bank would be the permanent home of the SKA headquarters for the period of operation expected for the telescope (over 50 years).
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On 9 July 2008, it was reported that, following an independent review, STFC had reversed its initial position and would now guarantee funding of £2.5 million annually for three years.
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to commemorate what would have been Lovell's 100th birthday. As well as a number of operatic performances during the day, the evening Halle performance saw numbers such as themes from
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At the 43rd Session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in Baku on 7 July 2019, the Jodrell Bank Observatory was adopted as a World Heritage Site on the basis of 4 criteria
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There is an active development programme researching and constructing telescope receivers and instrumentation. The observatory has been involved in the construction of several
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541:. Its diameter of 250 ft (76 m) makes it the third largest steerable radio telescope in the world. There are three other active telescopes at the observatory; the
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The telescope could map a ± 15-degree strip around the zenith at 72 and 160 MHz, with a resolution at 160 MHz of 1 degree. It discovered radio noise from the
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status. It was announced on 22 March 2011 that it was on the UK government's shortlist. In January 2018, it became the UK's candidate for World Heritage status.
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initiative and will share information with Jodrell Bank's team, who wish to conduct an independent SETI search via its 76-m radio telescope and e-MERLIN array.
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serial) but budget restrictions prevented this and another location with a superimposed model of a radio telescope was used instead. It was also mentioned in
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Criterion (iv): Jodrell Bank Observatory represents an outstanding example of a technological ensemble which illustrates a significant stage in human history
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The telescope was replaced by the steerable 250 ft (76 m) Lovell Telescope, and the Mark II telescope was subsequently built at the same location.
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possible as the echo rate is at a minimum at the radiant point, and a maximum at 90 degrees to it. The telescope and other receivers on the site studied the
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was installed in 2013. It does not, however, include a planetarium, though a small inflatable planetarium dome has been in use on the site in recent years.
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transmission of photographs from the Moon's surface. The photographs were sent to the British press and published before the Soviets made them public.
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Criterion (ii): Jodrell Bank Observatory represents an important interchange of human values over a span of time and on a global scale on developments
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Over the next few years, Lovell accumulated more ex-military radio hardware, including a portable cabin, known as a "Park Royal" in the military (see
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1319:, attracted around 120,000 visitors per year. It covered the history of Jodrell Bank and had a planetarium and 3D theatre hosting simulated trips to
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built in 1947. At the time, it was the world's largest radio telescope. It consisted of a wire mesh suspended from a ring of 24 ft (7.3 m)
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1128:(VLBI) since the late 1960s; the Lovell telescope took part in the first transatlantic interferometer experiment in 1968, with other telescopes at
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1520:(STFC), faced with an £80 million shortfall in its budget, was considering withdrawing its planned £2.7 million annual funding of Jodrell Bank's
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is applied to buildings that are of "exceptional interest", and Grade II, the lowest grade, is applied to buildings "of special interest".
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was loaned to Jodrell Bank in 1946 by the army; a broadside array, was constructed on its mount by J. Clegg. It consisted of 7 elements of
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Criterion (vi): Jodrell Bank Observatory is directly and tangibly associated with events and ideas of outstanding universal significance.
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In July 2011 the visitor centre and observatory hosted "Live from Jodrell Bank - Transmission 001" – a rock concert with bands including
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were reused in the telescope's motor system. The telescope became operational in mid-1957, in time for the launch of the Soviet Union's
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Criterion (i): Jodrell Bank Observatory is a masterpiece of human creative genius related to its scientific and technical achievements.
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In the following years, the telescope tracked various space probes. Between 11 March and 12 June 1960, it tracked the United States'
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The Mark IV, V and VA telescope proposals were put forward in the 1960s through to the 1980s to build even larger radio telescopes.
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song Technique (from debut album Swoon) opens with the line "Her husband works at Jodrell Bank/He's home late in the morning".
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The Mark V proposal was for a 400 feet (120 m) moveable telescope. The concept of this proposal was for a telescope on a
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was also tracked. A recording of the moment when Jodrell Bank's scientists observed the mission was released on 3 July 2009.
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On 7 July 2010, it was announced that the observatory was being considered for the 2011 United Kingdom Tentative List for
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in Canada. The Lovell Telescope and the Mark II telescopes are regularly used for VLBI with telescopes across Europe (the
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purchased three fields from the Leighs. It is named from a nearby rise in the ground, Jodrell Bank, which was named after
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621:. The site was extended in 1952 by the purchase of a farm from George Massey on which the Lovell Telescope was built.
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The Mark IV proposal was for a 1,000 feet (300 m) diameter standalone telescope, built as a national project.
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cables, greatly increasing the sensitivity of observations, was seen as critical to the survival of the facility.
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and 42 ft (13 m) and 7 m diameter radio telescopes. Jodrell Bank Observatory is the base of the
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A 50 ft (15 m) alt-azimuth dish was constructed in 1964 for astronomical research and to track the
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The Mark VA was similar to the Mark V but with a smaller dish of 375 feet (114 m) and a design using
3842:, Volume 334 of the Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Part 3, pages 107–118. Springer Netherlands.
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On 9 and 10 October 1946, the telescope observed ionisation in the atmosphere caused by meteors in the
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in the visitors' centre buildings led to its demolition in 2003 leaving a remnant of its far end. A
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by radar; first locating it just before midnight on 12 October 1957, eight days after its launch.
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spread across England and the Welsh borders. The array is run from Jodrell Bank on behalf of the
961:, similar to the Mark II (the previous two designs more closely resembled the Lovell telescope).
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811:, the world's first artificial satellite. The telescope was the only one able to track Sputnik's
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A Polar Axis telescope was built in 1962. It had a circular 50 ft (15.2 m) dish on a
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was set up in its grounds while a new science centre was planned. The plans were shelved when
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Jodrell Bank was first used for academic purposes in 1939 when the University of Manchester's
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The New Astronomy: Opening the Electromagnetic Window and Expanding Our View of Planet Earth
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1283:. It has also constructed the front-end modules of the 30 and 44 GHz receivers for the
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In April 2011, Jodrell Bank was named as the location of the control centre for the planned
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640:. The equipment was a GL II radar system working at a wavelength of 4.2 m, provided by
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2866:"World's largest radio telescope has a permanent home for its headquarters – SKA Telescope"
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2121:"The team that tracked Sputnik – and the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile"
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1660:(2012), and the central character, Colin Whisterfield, is an astrophysicist on its staff.
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project, is the Sun in a 1:15,000,000 scale model of the Solar System covering Britain.
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with the Lovell Telescope, and is now primarily used as part of the MERLIN project. The
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The 7 m telescope for undergraduate teaching, with the Lovell telescope directly behind
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links between Jodrell Bank and a number of other radio telescopes with high-bandwidth
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3273:"Jodrell Bank selected as next UK nomination for UNESCO World Heritage Site status"
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in 2004, leaving the interim centre, which received around 70,000 visitors a year.
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549:(MERLIN), a National Facility run by the University of Manchester on behalf of the
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1082:). The longest baseline is 217 kilometres (135 mi) and MERLIN can operate at
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3504:"Professor Sir Bernard Lovell condemns 'disastrous' plan to close Jodrell Bank"
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Palmer, H. P.; B. Rowson (1968). "The Jodrell Bank Mark III Radio Telescope".
3694:"Jodrell Bank Observatory: Electrical Workshop (Former Main Office) (1444238)"
2892:"Information regarding the SKA Headquarters selection process – SKA Telescope"
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1401:, the scale is approximately 1:5,000,000,000. At Jodrell Bank, as part of the
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an education space, and landscaped gardens including the Galaxy Maze. A large
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676:). The first permanent building was near to the cabin and was named after it.
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1221:. The group also carries out research at different wavelengths, looking into
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of 6 cm (5 GHz frequency), MERLIN has a resolution of 50 milli
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Jodrell Bank was asked by the Soviet Union to track its unmanned Moon lander
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Gunn, A. G. (2005). "Jodrell Bank and the Meteor Velocity Controversy". In
2838:"Jodrell Bank to play key part in creating world's largest radio telescope"
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3275:. The United Kingdom National Commission for UNESCO. 2018. Archived from
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Since 13 July 1988 the Lovell Telescope has been designated as a Grade I
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3320:"Support Acts Confirmed for The Australian Pink Floyd Jodrell Bank Show"
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3532:"Deal to rescue Jodrell Bank helps Britain see its future in the stars"
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Jodrell Bank has been mentioned in several works of fiction, including
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2966:"Director of the Nuffield Radio Astronomy Laboratories, Jodrell Bank"
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was hosted in the control room of the observatory from 2011 to 2016.
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New visitors’ centre being constructed at Jodrell Bank in March 2011
6332:
Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science
3176:
30:"Transit Telescope" redirects here. For the type of telescope, see
6212:
5648:
5222:
1438:
On 31 August 2013, Jodrell Bank hosted a concert performed by the
1428:
1345:
1336:
1306:
1298:
1185:
1157:
1091:
972:
925:
884:
757:
746:
in the radio frequency; at the time it had not been discovered by
594:
499:
3719:"Jodrell Bank Observatory: Link Hut (Cosmic Noise Hut) (1443486)"
5694:
5257:
3147:"Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre unveils 'world's biggest' orrery"
2034:"On This Day—14 March 1960: Radio telescope makes space history"
1627:
Jodrell Bank was also featured heavily in the 1983 music video "
1328:
1320:
819:
628:
in 1945, when Bernard Lovell used some equipment left over from
6669:
5652:
5498:
5102:
4289:
4051:
1492:, a music and science festival, featuring musical acts such as
617:, an archer whose descendants lived at the mansion that is now
4032:
3619:"Jodrell Bank Observatory: 71MHz Searchlight Aerial (1443133)"
3363:"Daughter, Polica & Sigur Ros @ Jodrell Bank – 30/08/2013"
2652:
1476:
832:
454:
5525:
Major physics research facilities based in the United Kingdom
1650:
The observatory is the site of several episodes in the novel
1264:
In May 2017 Jodrell Bank entered into a partnership with the
692:. It was used for astronomical observations in October 1946.
6847:
580:
is a short distance away. In 2019, the observatory became a
4027:
2802:
1373:, created in 1972, houses the UK's national collections of
1256:
took over the role on 1 October 2006, at the time when the
506:. It has since played an important role in the research of
2060:"The Lovell Telescope presents a new face to the Universe"
1769:"Six cultural sites added to UNESCO's World Heritage List"
1054:
as a National Facility. The array consists of up to seven
965:
Telescope to the Mark IA, which overran in terms of cost.
445:
442:
3669:"Jodrell Bank Observatory: Park Royal Building (1443093)"
3409:
2246:"On This Day—3 February 1966: Soviets land probe on Moon"
1997:(the proposal document for the Lovell Telescope). pp. 4–5
1350:
The Lovell Telescope illuminated during Jodrell Bank Live
1017:. The 7 m was originally constructed in 1970 by the
5990:
Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy
3248:"UK nominates 11 sites for Unesco world heritage status"
2623:"Jodrell Bank's role in early space tracking activities"
556:
The Jodrell Bank Visitor Centre and an arboretum are in
3594:"Jodrell Bank Observatory: Mark II Telescope (1443087)"
3385:"Pictures: Hallé Orchestra stars light up Jodrell Bank"
1287:. Receivers were also designed at Jodrell Bank for the
789:
in Germany. Part of the gun turret mechanisms from the
494:, a radio astronomer at the university, to investigate
3644:"Jodrell Bank Observatory: Control Building (1443868)"
3567:"Jodrell Bank Observatory: Lovell Telescope (1221685)"
463:
3432:"Stargazing Live: Behind the scenes at Jodrell Bank"
3126:"Jodrell Bank Discovery Centre is being redeveloped"
712:
The Transit Telescope was a 218 ft (66 m)
560:, and the Lovell Telescope and the observatory near
451:
448:
7037:
7001:
6985:
6914:
6858:
6703:
6572:
6534:
6388:
6353:
6240:
6205:
5932:
5754:
5739:
5686:
5630:
5599:
5583:
5567:
5551:
5530:
5406:
5340:
5186:
5155:
5047:
People associated with the University of Manchester
5014:
4983:
4947:
4897:
4828:
4792:
4785:
4754:
4673:
4579:
4483:
4451:
4428:
4388:
4357:
4348:
4332:
4325:
4267:
4211:
4195:
4154:
4108:
3954:
A history of the University of Manchester 1951–1973
3225:"Applicants for UK Tentative World Heritage Status"
2581:
2579:
1315:A visitors' centre, opened on 19 April 1971 by the
918:. It was built in 1966 and decommissioned in 1996.
439:
405:
397:
385:
375:
365:
352:
343:
339:
226:
201:
186:
173:
134:
111:
87:
69:
56:
6929:Castles and Town Walls of King Edward I in Gwynedd
3854:
3383:OFlynn, Elaine; Greer, Stuart (2 September 2013).
2918:"Research groups: School of Physics and Astronomy"
2521:
2519:
2301:"Recording tracks Russia's Moon gatecrash attempt"
2299:
1750:List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
6094:Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network
2761:A history of the University of Manchester 1951–73
1937:
1935:
1787:"Jodrell Bank gains Unesco World Heritage status"
1524:project. The project, which aimed to replace the
547:Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network
2605:
2603:
1516:On 3 March 2008, it was reported that Britain's
1058:and includes the Lovell Telescope, the Mark II,
526:, and was heavily involved with the tracking of
308:
233:42ft radio telescope of Jodrell Bank Observatory
4501:Centre for the Advanced Study of the Arab World
2944:"Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics Research"
1585:. It was intended to be a filming location for
5980:Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment
4571:Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research
2920:. The University of Manchester. Archived from
2587:"MERLIN user guide—4.1 Location of Telescopes"
930:A model of the proposed Mark V radio telescope
236:7m radio telescope of Jodrell Bank Observatory
6681:
5664:
5510:
5114:
4301:
4063:
3199:"SpacedOut Location: The Sun at Jodrell Bank"
1190:The main building at Jodrell Bank Observatory
537:The main telescope at the observatory is the
27:Astronomical observatory in Cheshire, England
8:
7029:Town of St George and Related Fortifications
5970:Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
4511:Institute for Science, Ethics and Innovation
599:Initial observations at Jodrell Bank in 1945
42:
5764:500 meter Aperture Spherical Telescope
5434:Grade I listed non-ecclesiastical buildings
4556:Manchester Institute of Innovation Research
4546:Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB)
3952:Pullan, Brian; Abendstern, Michele (2000).
3100:"Jodrell Bank unveils £3m discovery centre"
3036:"Jodrell Bank—Anatomy of a Radio Telescope"
2361:. Jodrell Bank Observatory. 28 January 2005
1921:
1919:
1917:
1393:collection. The arboretum also has a small
6697:World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
6688:
6674:
6666:
5751:
5671:
5657:
5649:
5517:
5503:
5495:
5121:
5107:
5099:
4789:
4354:
4329:
4308:
4294:
4286:
4070:
4056:
4048:
3502:Smith, Lewis; Coates, Sam (7 March 2008).
3175:. Jodrell Bank Observatory. Archived from
3038:. Jodrell Bank Observatory. Archived from
2968:. Jodrell Bank Observatory. Archived from
2774:"Salford Astronomical Society—Observatory"
2702:. Jodrell Bank Observatory. Archived from
2625:. Jodrell Bank Observatory. Archived from
2529:. Jodrell Bank Observatory. Archived from
2500:. Jodrell Bank Observatory. Archived from
2405:. Jodrell Bank Observatory. Archived from
2010:. Jodrell Bank Observatory. Archived from
1847:
1845:
1810:
1808:
954:telescope in Australia, were put forward.
283:
218:
192:
178:
99:
78:
61:
48:
41:
7130:Buildings at the University of Manchester
7095:1945 establishments in the United Kingdom
2797:
2795:
1875:
1873:
1859:
1857:
1518:Science and Technology Facilities Council
1052:Science and Technology Facilities Council
551:Science and Technology Facilities Council
6825:Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites
6744:Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape
6084:Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope
5921:Warkworth Radio Astronomical Observatory
5600:Atmospheric, astronomy and space science
3878:Out of the Zenith: Jodrell Bank, 1957–70
3227:. Department for Culture Media and Sport
2322:, includes link to recording with Lovell
863:). The telescope has also been used for
704:that were visible in early August 1947.
5052:List of University of Manchester alumni
3937:(Carousel ed.). London: Carousel.
2527:"The Merlin and VLBI National Facility"
1760:
1720:Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
1236:The first director of Jodrell Bank was
1140:), giving a resolution of around 0.001
6977:The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales
4531:Centre for Integrative Systems Biology
3796:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3789:
644:. He intended to use the equipment in
568:. The observatory is reached from the
7115:Space programme of the United Kingdom
7080:Astronomical observatories in England
6585:Cosmic microwave background radiation
6322:Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory
6044:Large Latin American Millimeter Array
5638:Medium Energy Ion Scattering Facility
3014:"Jodrell Bank—Observing the Big Bang"
2776:. Salford Observatory. Archived from
1207:Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
922:Mark IV, V and VA telescope proposals
404:
396:
384:
374:
364:
351:
342:
7:
7085:Astronomy institutes and departments
6650:
6298:National Radio Astronomy Observatory
6192:Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope
5543:Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST)
5079:
4516:Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics
4095:Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics
4028:Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics
3342:"New Order – Live from Jodrell Bank"
1608:The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
1602:The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
1258:Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics
1196:Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics
1124:Jodrell Bank has been involved with
723:, which focussed radio signals on a
605:Timeline of Jodrell Bank Observatory
480:Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics
371:Cultural: (i), (ii), (iv), (vi)
317:Location of Jodrell Bank Observatory
6290:Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory
2553:"The quest for the resolving power"
2470:"Scientists listen intently for ET"
1488:Since 2016, the observatory hosted
1387:species, and the Heather Society's
1102:which is comparable to that of the
7047:Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City
6124:Northern Extended Millimeter Array
5331:List of civil parishes in Cheshire
4630:Maths and Social Sciences Building
3723:National Heritage List for England
3698:National Heritage List for England
3673:National Heritage List for England
3648:National Heritage List for England
3623:National Heritage List for England
3598:National Heritage List for England
3572:National Heritage List for England
3074:"Government 'stifling scientists'"
2649:"The other space race: Transcript"
2275:. 11 February 1966. Archived from
409:18,569.22 ha (45,885.5 acres)
60:Jodrell Bank Experimental Station
25:
5960:Australia Telescope Compact Array
5782:Caltech Submillimeter Observatory
5725:Very Long Baseline Interferometry
4965:Victoria University of Manchester
4038:Jodrell Bank Observatory Archives
3483:"Jodrell Bank fears funding loss"
2099:"Jodrell Bank's Cold War history"
2062:. 5 November 2002. Archived from
1333:Victoria University of Manchester
1126:Very Long Baseline Interferometry
1120:Very Long Baseline Interferometry
1110:Very Long Baseline Interferometry
6649:
6640:
6639:
5078:
5065:
5064:
4975:Mechanics' Institute, Manchester
4741:University of Manchester Library
4566:Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre
4042:University of Manchester Library
3820:Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
3550:Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
2312:from the original on 9 June 2022
1704:
1046:Network (MERLIN) is an array of
435:
328:
307:
300:
7125:World Heritage Sites in England
7090:Tourist attractions in Cheshire
6972:Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal
6014:Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope
5882:UTR-2 decameter radio telescope
5479:Population of major settlements
4380:Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil
4365:Chemical and Analytical Science
3299:"Shows: Live from Jodrell Bank"
3246:Kennedy, Maev (22 March 2011).
2803:"MERLIN/VLBI National Facility"
2442:"Astronomers see cosmic mirage"
2359:"Introduction to cosmic masers"
2298:Brown, Jonathan (3 July 2009).
2191:. 21 March 1960. Archived from
2101:. BBC News Channel. 20 May 2009
1735:Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
1042:The Multi-Element Radio Linked
914:, where it was used as part of
6924:Blaenavon Industrial Landscape
6114:Northern Cross Radio Telescope
5950:Atacama Large Millimeter Array
5607:UK Astronomy Technology Centre
4541:Masood Entrepreneurship Centre
4496:Brooks World Poverty Institute
4491:Academic Health Science Centre
1369:The 35 acres (140,000 m)
1295:Visitor facilities, and events
1:
6882:Frontiers of the Roman Empire
6763:Frontiers of the Roman Empire
4622:Mathematics Tower, Manchester
4526:Lincoln Theological Institute
2216:. 23 May 1960. Archived from
7105:Botanical gardens in England
7002:British Overseas Territories
6564:Gravitational-wave astronomy
6142:Primeval Structure Telescope
5591:ISIS Neutron and Muon Source
5469:Parliamentary constituencies
4721:Manchester Conference Centre
4681:Computing Machine Laboratory
1972:Astronomer by Chance, p. 186
1950:Astronomer by Chance, p. 128
1941:Astronomer by Chance, p. 129
1839:Astronomer by Chance, p. 110
1468:from the observatory, named
1011:Woomera Rocket Testing Range
838:In 1969, the Soviet Union's
624:The site was first used for
474:, England hosts a number of
158:53.23625°N 2.3071388888889°W
6476:Christiaan Alexander Muller
6342:Vermilion River Observatory
6250:Algonquin Radio Observatory
5715:Astronomical interferometer
5037:Manchester University Press
4561:Research Computing Services
4551:National Graphene Institute
4453:Biology, Medicine and Heath
4033:Jodrell Bank Visitor Centre
3958:Manchester University Press
3899:. Oxford University Press.
3897:The Jodrell Bank Telescopes
3880:. Oxford University Press.
3861:. Oxford University Press.
3201:. SpacedOut. Archived from
2700:"JBO—Lovell Observing Room"
1494:Public Service Broadcasting
1275:experiments, including the
1273:Cosmic Microwave Background
490:was established in 1945 by
7146:
5816:Large Millimeter Telescope
5538:Joint European Torus (JET)
5439:Grade II* listed buildings
4716:Manchester Aquatics Centre
3412:. Jodrell Bank Observatory
3016:. Jodrell Bank Observatory
2994:. Jodrell Bank Observatory
2946:. Jodrell Bank Observatory
2805:. Jodrell Bank Observatory
2728:. Jodrell Bank Observatory
2680:. Jodrell Bank Observatory
2555:. Jodrell Bank Observatory
2498:"The MKII Radio Telescope"
2383:. Jodrell Bank Observatory
1303:The Visitor Centre in 2009
1193:
1151:
1113:
1035:
881:Mark III (radio telescope)
874:
871:Mark II and III telescopes
769:
602:
401:17.38 ha (42.9 acres)
346:UNESCO World Heritage Site
239:Cambridge MERLIN telescope
163:53.23625; -2.3071388888889
29:
6896:Heart of Neolithic Orkney
6845:
6792:Kew Royal Botanic Gardens
6718:Great Spa Towns of Europe
6635:
6104:Murchison Widefield Array
6024:Green Bank Interferometer
5848:RATAN-600 Radio Telescope
5731:Astronomical radio source
5552:Synchrotron light sources
5168:Cheshire West and Chester
5144:
5060:
4645:Sackville Street Building
4375:Electrical and Electronic
4085:
3935:The Story of Jodrell Bank
2726:"NRAL—7 m Telescope"
2240:The Story of Jodrell Bank
2173:The Story of Jodrell Bank
2147:The Story of Jodrell Bank
2086:The Story of Jodrell Bank
1961:The Story of Jodrell Bank
1927:The Story of Jodrell Bank
1881:The Story of Jodrell Bank
1865:The Story of Jodrell Bank
1828:The Story of Jodrell Bank
1816:The Story of Jodrell Bank
1725:Extremely Large Telescope
1562:Remembrance of the Daleks
877:Mark II (radio telescope)
417:
413:
326:
295:
47:
7070:Jodrell Bank Observatory
6782:Jodrell Bank Observatory
6314:Onsala Space Observatory
6306:Nançay Radio Observatory
6282:Jodrell Bank Observatory
6182:Very Long Baseline Array
5858:Sardinia Radio Telescope
5617:Jodrell Bank Observatory
5584:Neutron and muon sources
4955:University of Manchester
4701:Jodrell Bank Observatory
4318:University of Manchester
4100:Jodrell Bank Observatory
4079:Jodrell Bank Observatory
3914:Lovell, Bernard (1990).
3895:Lovell, Bernard (1985).
3876:Lovell, Bernard (1973).
3853:Lovell, Bernard (1968).
3822:—A Trilogy in Four Parts
2573:Palmer and Rowson (1968)
1633:Electric Light Orchestra
1341:University of Manchester
1242:Sir Francis Graham-Smith
1106:at optical wavelengths.
576:passes by the site, and
574:Crewe to Manchester Line
484:University of Manchester
431:Jodrell Bank Observatory
334:Related media on Commons
177:77 m (253 ft)
95:University of Manchester
43:Jodrell Bank Observatory
6544:Submillimetre astronomy
6156:Australia, South Africa
6008:Event Horizon Telescope
5429:Grade I listed churches
4635:Nancy Rothwell Building
4401:Earth and Environmental
4350:Science and Engineering
3848:10.1007/1-4020-3724-4_7
3389:Manchester Evening News
2748:Jodrell Bank Telescopes
2611:Jodrell Bank Telescopes
650:electrical interference
7120:Square Kilometre Array
6852:
6266:Green Bank Observatory
6152:Square Kilometre Array
5612:Chilbolton Observatory
5575:Central Laser Facility
4691:Firs Botanical Grounds
4597:Barnes Wallis Building
4536:Centre for New Writing
4229:Roger Clifton Jennison
3933:Piper, Roger (1972) .
3173:"Visit – Jodrell Bank"
2678:"Jodrell Bank—Pulsars"
2208:"Big Voice from Space"
1672:. On 10 July 2017 the
1656:by the local novelist
1464:There is an astronomy
1351:
1312:
1304:
1254:Professor Phil Diamond
1191:
1172:Square Kilometre Array
1167:
1164:Square Kilometre Array
1154:Square Kilometre Array
1148:Square Kilometre Array
978:
931:
894:
767:
636:radar, to investigate
600:
57:Alternative names
7009:Gorham's Cave Complex
6851:
6807:Palace of Westminster
6559:High-energy astronomy
6446:Sebastian von Hoerner
6054:Long Wavelength Array
6000:European VLBI Network
5940:Allen Telescope Array
5840:Qitai Radio Telescope
4746:Whitworth Art Gallery
4655:Stephen Joseph Studio
4592:Arthur Lewis Building
4506:Henry Royce Institute
4416:Physics and Astronomy
4326:Faculties and Schools
3918:. London: Macmillan.
3857:Story of Jodrell Bank
2267:"The Lunar Landscape"
2175:, p. xii, pp. 239–244
1498:The Chemical Brothers
1479:television programme
1349:
1339:merged to become the
1310:
1302:
1250:Professor Andrew Lyne
1189:
1161:
1138:European VLBI Network
1116:European VLBI Network
1078:(previously known as
976:
929:
888:
761:
680:Searchlight telescope
598:
257:Searchlight Telescope
6815:St Margaret's Church
6749:Derwent Valley Mills
6735:St Augustine's Abbey
6731:Canterbury Cathedral
6627:Solar radio emission
6416:Jocelyn Bell Burnell
6274:Haystack Observatory
5808:Green Bank Telescope
5792:Effelsberg Telescope
5559:Diamond Light Source
4706:John Rylands Library
4587:Alan Turing Building
4224:Robert Hanbury Brown
4167:Francis Graham-Smith
3916:Astronomer by Chance
2429:Astronomer by Chance
2346:Astronomer by Chance
2179:Astronomer by Chance
2160:Astronomer by Chance
1745:Very Large Telescope
1730:La Silla Observatory
1543:Fictional references
1246:Professor Rod Davies
1219:astrophysical masers
1211:gravitational lenses
959:prestressed concrete
856:star-forming regions
831:and recorded on its
787:Effelsberg telescope
779:Green Bank telescope
611:Department of Botany
530:at the start of the
524:gravitational lenses
254:Polar Axis telescope
7110:Gardens in Cheshire
7100:Arboreta in England
7075:Radio observatories
7019:Inaccessible Island
6600:Pulsar timing array
6406:Edward George Bowen
6396:Elizabeth Alexander
6258:Arecibo Observatory
6162:Submillimeter Array
6064:Low-Frequency Array
6034:Korean VLBI Network
5900:Southern Hemisphere
5811:(West Virginia, US)
5233:Ellesmere Port
5189:(cities in italics)
5156:Unitary authorities
4970:Victoria University
4736:UMIST linear system
4650:Schuster Laboratory
4471:Biological Sciences
4141:Tenerife Experiment
3998:1968Natur.217...21P
3205:on 13 December 2005
2992:"JBO—VSA Receivers"
2279:on 20 February 2008
2008:"The Early History"
1995:on 14 January 2010.
1740:Paranal Observatory
1615:The Creeping Terror
1410:World Heritage Site
1277:Tenerife Experiment
1266:Breakthrough Listen
969:Other single dishes
848:Project Space Track
714:parabolic reflector
674:Park Royal Vehicles
585:World Heritage Site
154: /
44:
6868:Edinburgh Old Town
6853:
6830:Studley Royal Park
6802:Maritime Greenwich
6739:St Martin's Church
6580:Aperture synthesis
6549:Infrared astronomy
6486:Joseph Lade Pawsey
6456:Kenneth Kellermann
6426:Nan Dieter-Conklin
6134:One-Mile Telescope
5913:Parkes Observatory
4807:George Kenyon Hall
4786:Halls of residence
4711:Manchester Academy
4696:Godlee Observatory
4665:Whitworth Building
3747:, Historic England
3717:Historic England,
3692:Historic England,
3667:Historic England,
3642:Historic England,
3617:Historic England,
3592:Historic England,
3042:on 16 October 2008
2780:on 2 December 2010
2629:on 27 October 2008
2504:on 27 October 2008
2409:on 28 October 2008
2014:on 27 October 2008
1352:
1317:Duke of Devonshire
1313:
1305:
1192:
1168:
979:
952:Parkes Observatory
932:
904:Mark III telescope
895:
768:
669:was at a maximum.
652:from the trams on
601:
498:after his work on
251:Pickmere telescope
242:Darnhall telescope
128:North West England
7055:
7054:
6966:
6959:
6948:
6942:Caernarfon Castle
6937:
6890:
6811:Westminster Abbey
6771:
6720:
6663:
6662:
6605:Radio propagation
6554:Optical astronomy
6451:Karl Guthe Jansky
6261:(Puerto Rico, US)
6236:
6235:
6028:West Virginia, US
5777:(Puerto Rico, US)
5774:Arecibo Telescope
5646:
5645:
5492:
5491:
5187:Major settlements
5131:Ceremonial county
5096:
5095:
4984:Senior management
4943:
4942:
4919:
4890:
4884:
4876:
4865:
4856:Dalton-Ellis Hall
4852:
4840:
4816:
4804:
4726:Manchester Museum
4660:Stopford Building
4626:
4479:
4478:
4424:
4423:
4283:
4282:
3062:Out of the Zenith
2924:on 18 August 2007
2825:Out of the Zenith
2478:. 1 February 1998
2333:Out of the Zenith
2254:. 3 February 1966
1674:Mark II Telescope
1637:Are We Ourselves?
1571:The Eleventh Hour
1512:Threat of closure
1421:British Sea Power
1285:Planck spacecraft
997:space probes and
748:optical astronomy
744:Tycho's Supernova
708:Transit Telescope
702:auroral streamers
690:Yagi–Uda antennas
619:Terra Nova School
615:William Jauderell
428:
427:
260:Transit Telescope
248:Knockin telescope
245:Defford telescope
74:William Jauderell
32:Transit telescope
16:(Redirected from
7137:
7024:Henderson Island
6993:Giant's Causeway
6986:Northern Ireland
6962:
6951:
6940:
6935:Beaumaris Castle
6933:
6886:
6850:
6777:Ironbridge Gorge
6767:
6715:
6690:
6683:
6676:
6667:
6653:
6652:
6643:
6642:
6620:HD 164595 signal
6595:Odd radio circle
6573:Related articles
6491:Ruby Payne-Scott
6421:Arthur Covington
6411:Ronald Bracewell
6381:
6373:
6365:
6346:
6337:
6327:
6318:
6310:
6302:
6294:
6286:
6278:
6270:
6262:
6254:
6228:
6218:
6197:
6187:
6177:
6172:Very Large Array
6167:
6157:
6147:
6138:
6129:
6119:
6109:
6099:
6089:
6079:
6069:
6059:
6049:
6048:Argentina/Brazil
6039:
6029:
6019:
6004:
5995:
5985:
5975:
5965:
5955:
5945:
5925:
5917:
5909:
5901:
5894:
5890:Yevpatoria RT-70
5886:
5878:
5870:
5862:
5853:
5844:
5836:
5828:
5824:Lovell Telescope
5820:
5812:
5804:
5796:
5787:
5778:
5769:
5752:
5741:Radio telescopes
5673:
5666:
5659:
5650:
5519:
5512:
5505:
5496:
5459:Lord Lieutenants
5454:Listed buildings
5139:
5133:
5123:
5116:
5109:
5100:
5088:
5082:
5081:
5073:
5068:
5067:
4917:
4888:
4882:
4874:
4863:
4850:
4849:Daisy Bank Hall
4846:Canterbury Court
4838:
4814:
4802:
4790:
4624:
4617:Kilburn Building
4607:Faraday Building
4389:Natural Sciences
4370:Computer Science
4355:
4330:
4319:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4287:
4146:Very Small Array
4121:Lovell Telescope
4072:
4065:
4058:
4049:
4017:
4006:10.1038/217021a0
3976:Journal articles
3971:
3948:
3929:
3910:
3891:
3872:
3860:
3835:
3802:
3801:
3795:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3777:
3771:. Archived from
3770:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3744:What is Listing?
3739:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3563:Historic England
3559:
3553:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3462:Bluedot Festival
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3438:. 9 January 2013
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3179:on 30 March 2023
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2834:
2828:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2799:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2770:
2764:
2757:
2751:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2583:
2574:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2523:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2438:
2432:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2355:
2349:
2342:
2336:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2303:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2220:on 21 April 2009
2204:
2202:
2200:
2185:"Voice in Space"
2169:
2163:
2156:
2150:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2127:. 4 October 2017
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2095:
2089:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1991:. Archived from
1979:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1930:
1923:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1902:. 18 August 2012
1894:"Bernard Lovell"
1890:
1884:
1877:
1868:
1861:
1852:
1849:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1765:
1714:
1709:
1708:
1556:The Tenth Planet
1417:The Flaming Lips
1289:Parkes Telescope
1281:Very Small Array
1248:around 1990 and
1227:planetary nebula
1056:radio telescopes
1048:radio telescopes
949:
948:
944:
772:Lovell Telescope
764:Lovell Telescope
754:Lovell Telescope
717:zenith telescope
578:Goostrey station
558:Lower Withington
539:Lovell Telescope
504:Second World War
476:radio telescopes
466:
461:
460:
457:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
421:edit on Wikidata
406:Buffer zone
332:
311:
310:
304:
288:
287:
264:Lovell Telescope
222:
217:
214:
212:
210:
208:
197:
196:
182:
169:
168:
166:
165:
164:
159:
155:
152:
151:
150:
147:
116:Lower Withington
104:
103:
83:
82:
65:
52:
45:
21:
7145:
7144:
7140:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7135:
7134:
7060:
7059:
7056:
7051:
7033:
6997:
6981:
6910:
6854:
6848:
6843:
6839:Tower of London
6834:Fountains Abbey
6726:Blenheim Palace
6699:
6694:
6664:
6659:
6631:
6568:
6536:
6530:
6516:Gart Westerhout
6384:
6379:
6371:
6363:
6349:
6344:
6335:
6325:
6324:(PRAO ASC LPI,
6316:
6308:
6300:
6292:
6284:
6276:
6268:
6260:
6252:
6232:
6226:
6216:
6201:
6195:
6185:
6175:
6165:
6155:
6145:
6136:
6127:
6117:
6107:
6097:
6087:
6077:
6067:
6057:
6047:
6037:
6027:
6017:
6002:
5993:
5983:
5973:
5963:
5953:
5943:
5933:Interferometers
5928:
5923:
5915:
5907:
5899:
5892:
5884:
5876:
5874:Usuda Telescope
5868:
5860:
5851:
5842:
5834:
5826:
5818:
5810:
5802:
5794:
5785:
5776:
5767:
5756:
5743:
5735:
5705:Radio telescope
5682:
5680:Radio astronomy
5677:
5647:
5642:
5626:
5595:
5579:
5563:
5547:
5526:
5523:
5493:
5488:
5402:
5336:
5325:
5188:
5182:
5151:
5148:Cheshire Portal
5140:
5135:
5129:
5127:
5097:
5092:
5084:
5071:
5056:
5010:
5006:Martin Schröder
4979:
4939:
4893:
4873:Rusholme Place
4864:(Private, Male)
4843:Burkhardt House
4824:
4781:
4772:Students' Union
4750:
4686:Contact Theatre
4669:
4640:Renold Building
4575:
4475:
4447:
4420:
4384:
4344:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4284:
4279:
4263:
4207:
4203:Charles Husband
4191:
4187:Michael Garrett
4150:
4104:
4081:
4076:
4024:
3992:(5123): 21–22.
3981:
3978:
3968:
3951:
3945:
3932:
3926:
3913:
3907:
3894:
3888:
3875:
3869:
3852:
3832:
3813:
3810:
3805:
3788:
3781:
3779:
3778:on 25 July 2019
3775:
3768:
3766:"Archived copy"
3764:
3763:
3759:
3750:
3748:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3727:
3725:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3702:
3700:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3677:
3675:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3652:
3650:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3627:
3625:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3602:
3600:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3577:
3575:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3547:
3543:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3515:
3513:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3491:. 6 March 2008.
3481:
3480:
3476:
3466:
3464:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3441:
3439:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3393:
3391:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3325:
3323:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3282:
3280:
3279:on 23 July 2018
3271:
3270:
3266:
3256:
3254:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3230:
3228:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3208:
3206:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3182:
3180:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3156:
3154:
3153:. 26 March 2013
3145:
3144:
3140:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3109:
3107:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3083:
3081:
3080:. 28 March 2008
3072:
3071:
3067:
3059:
3055:
3045:
3043:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3019:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2975:
2973:
2972:on 20 July 2011
2964:
2963:
2959:
2949:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2901:
2899:
2898:. 11 March 2015
2890:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2872:. 30 April 2015
2864:
2863:
2859:
2849:
2847:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2822:
2818:
2808:
2806:
2801:
2800:
2793:
2783:
2781:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2758:
2754:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2706:on 20 July 2011
2698:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2657:Open University
2647:
2646:
2642:
2632:
2630:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2608:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2558:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2451:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2426:
2422:
2412:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2364:
2362:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2343:
2339:
2330:
2326:
2315:
2313:
2306:The Independent
2297:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2255:
2244:
2243:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2196:
2195:on 1 April 2007
2183:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2166:
2157:
2153:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2083:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2066:on 10 June 2020
2058:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2041:
2040:. 14 March 1960
2032:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1983:Lovell, Bernard
1981:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1933:
1924:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1878:
1871:
1862:
1855:
1850:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1825:
1821:
1813:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1712:Cheshire portal
1710:
1703:
1700:
1670:listed building
1666:
1629:Secret Messages
1545:
1514:
1506:Richard Dawkins
1482:Stargazing Live
1440:Hallé Orchestra
1297:
1225:and evolution,
1215:active galaxies
1198:
1184:
1176:radio telescope
1156:
1150:
1122:
1114:Main articles:
1112:
1040:
1034:
1019:Marconi Company
1015:South Australia
971:
946:
942:
941:
924:
893:radio telescope
883:
875:Main articles:
873:
804:Royal Sovereign
791:First World War
774:
766:at Jodrell Bank
756:
710:
682:
607:
593:
478:as part of the
464:
438:
434:
424:
348:
322:
321:
320:
319:
318:
314:
313:
312:
291:
282:
205:
191:
162:
160:
156:
153:
148:
145:
143:
141:
140:
107:
98:
77:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7143:
7141:
7133:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7062:
7061:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7049:
7043:
7041:
7035:
7034:
7032:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7005:
7003:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6995:
6989:
6987:
6983:
6982:
6980:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6968:
6967:
6964:Harlech Castle
6960:
6949:
6938:
6926:
6920:
6918:
6912:
6911:
6909:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6892:
6891:
6879:
6874:
6864:
6862:
6856:
6855:
6846:
6844:
6842:
6841:
6836:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6787:Jurassic Coast
6784:
6779:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6769:Hadrian's Wall
6760:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6728:
6723:
6722:
6721:
6707:
6705:
6701:
6700:
6695:
6693:
6692:
6685:
6678:
6670:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6657:
6647:
6636:
6633:
6632:
6630:
6629:
6624:
6623:
6622:
6617:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6590:Interferometry
6587:
6582:
6576:
6574:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6540:
6538:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6471:Bernard Lovell
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6401:John G. Bolton
6398:
6392:
6390:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6382:
6374:
6369:ESA New Norcia
6366:
6357:
6355:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6339:
6329:
6319:
6311:
6303:
6295:
6287:
6279:
6271:
6263:
6255:
6246:
6244:
6238:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6231:
6230:
6220:
6209:
6207:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6199:
6189:
6179:
6176:New Mexico, US
6169:
6159:
6149:
6139:
6131:
6121:
6111:
6101:
6091:
6081:
6071:
6061:
6058:New Mexico, US
6051:
6041:
6031:
6021:
6011:
6005:
5997:
5994:California, US
5987:
5977:
5967:
5957:
5947:
5944:California, US
5936:
5934:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5926:
5918:
5910:
5908:(South Africa)
5902:
5896:
5895:
5887:
5879:
5871:
5863:
5855:
5845:
5837:
5832:Ooty Telescope
5829:
5821:
5813:
5805:
5797:
5789:
5779:
5771:
5760:
5758:
5749:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5728:
5722:
5712:
5702:
5690:
5688:
5684:
5683:
5678:
5676:
5675:
5668:
5661:
5653:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5634:
5632:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5603:
5601:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5587:
5585:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5571:
5569:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5555:
5553:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5545:
5540:
5534:
5532:
5528:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5514:
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5042:Toller Lecture
5039:
5034:
5032:Academic dress
5029:
5024:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4996:Luke Georghiou
4993:
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4887:Wilmslow Park
4885:
4880:St Anselm Hall
4877:
4871:
4866:
4861:Greygarth Hall
4858:
4853:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4834:
4832:
4826:
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4822:
4820:Whitworth Park
4817:
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4602:Beyer Building
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4219:Richard Battye
4215:
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4205:
4199:
4197:
4193:
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4162:Bernard Lovell
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4023:
4022:External links
4020:
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3538:. 9 July 2008.
3523:
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3106:. 7 April 2011
3091:
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2846:. 3 April 2011
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2450:. 1 April 1998
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1775:. 7 July 2019.
1759:
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1665:
1662:
1567:The Poison Sky
1544:
1541:
1534:Bernard Lovell
1513:
1510:
1502:Jim Al-Khalili
1296:
1293:
1291:in Australia.
1244:, followed by
1238:Bernard Lovell
1231:astrochemistry
1223:star formation
1194:Main article:
1183:
1180:
1152:Main article:
1149:
1146:
1111:
1108:
1044:Interferometer
1036:Main article:
1033:
1030:
970:
967:
923:
920:
900:interferometer
872:
869:
867:observations.
813:booster rocket
770:Main article:
755:
752:
721:scaffold poles
709:
706:
681:
678:
632:, including a
592:
589:
492:Bernard Lovell
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6754:Durham Castle
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6526:Robert Wilson
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6511:Govind Swarup
6509:
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6466:John D. Kraus
6464:
6462:
6461:Frank J. Kerr
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6441:Antony Hewish
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6242:Observatories
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5800:Galenki RT-70
5798:
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5631:Miscellaneous
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5472:
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5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
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5450:
5447:
5445:
5444:High Sheriffs
5442:
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5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5248:Holmes Chapel
5246:
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5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
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5221:
5219:
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5194:
5193:
5191:
5185:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
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5166:
5164:
5163:Cheshire East
5161:
5160:
5158:
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5150:
5149:
5143:
5138:
5132:
5124:
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5117:
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5059:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5027:2023 protests
5025:
5023:
5022:2020 protests
5020:
5019:
5017:
5013:
5007:
5004:
5002:
5001:April McMahon
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4991:Duncan Ivison
4989:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:Unsworth Park
4927:
4925:Sheavyn House
4924:
4922:Richmond Park
4921:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4907:Ashburne Hall
4905:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4886:
4881:
4878:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4848:
4845:
4842:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4830:Victoria Park
4827:
4821:
4818:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4801:Denmark Road
4800:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4784:
4778:
4777:The Mancunion
4775:
4773:
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4768:
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4759:
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4270:
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4255:
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4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4239:Richard Davis
4237:
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4015:
4011:
4007:
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3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3967:0-7190-5670-5
3963:
3959:
3955:
3950:
3946:
3944:0-552-54028-5
3940:
3936:
3931:
3927:
3925:0-333-55195-8
3921:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3906:0-19-858178-5
3902:
3898:
3893:
3889:
3887:0-19-217624-2
3883:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3868:0-19-217619-6
3864:
3859:
3858:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3831:0-330-31611-7
3827:
3824:. Pan Books.
3823:
3821:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3799:
3793:
3774:
3767:
3761:
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3484:
3478:
3475:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3411:
3410:"The Jodcast"
3405:
3402:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3376:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3343:
3337:
3334:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3300:
3294:
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3278:
3274:
3268:
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3253:
3249:
3242:
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3204:
3200:
3194:
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3168:
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3127:
3121:
3118:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3079:
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3057:
3054:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3028:
3015:
3009:
3006:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2897:
2896:SKA Telescope
2893:
2887:
2884:
2871:
2870:SKA Telescope
2867:
2861:
2858:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2817:
2804:
2798:
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2792:
2779:
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2762:
2756:
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2727:
2721:
2718:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2658:
2654:
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2644:
2641:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2533:on 1 May 2008
2532:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2431:, pp. 297–301
2430:
2424:
2421:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2382:
2376:
2373:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2348:, pp. 277–280
2347:
2341:
2338:
2335:, pp. 197–198
2334:
2328:
2325:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2294:
2291:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2272:Time Magazine
2268:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2213:Time Magazine
2209:
2194:
2190:
2189:Time Magazine
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1901:
1900:
1899:The Economist
1895:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1793:. 7 July 2019
1792:
1788:
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1779:
1774:
1770:
1764:
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1681:
1678:
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1663:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1645:Prefab Sprout
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1583:David Baddiel
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1563:
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1459:
1458:
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1447:
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1441:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1425:Wave Machines
1422:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1379:
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1234:
1232:
1228:
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1212:
1208:
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1197:
1188:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1173:
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1155:
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1109:
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1101:
1097:
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1089:
1085:
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1077:
1073:
1069:
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1057:
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1045:
1039:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
975:
968:
966:
962:
960:
955:
953:
938:
935:
928:
921:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
892:
887:
882:
878:
870:
868:
866:
862:
861:Einstein ring
857:
851:
849:
843:
841:
836:
834:
830:
825:
821:
816:
814:
810:
806:
805:
799:
798:
792:
788:
784:
783:West Virginia
780:
773:
765:
760:
753:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
732:
729:
726:
722:
718:
715:
707:
705:
703:
698:
693:
691:
687:
679:
677:
675:
670:
668:
667:meteor shower
665:
660:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
620:
616:
612:
606:
597:
590:
588:
586:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
566:Holmes Chapel
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
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481:
477:
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469:
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459:
432:
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335:
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294:
286:
280:
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231:
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225:
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204:
200:
195:
189:
185:
181:
176:
172:
167:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
120:Cheshire East
117:
114:
110:
102:
96:
93:
92:
90:
86:
81:
75:
72:
68:
64:
59:
55:
51:
46:
37:
33:
19:
7057:
7014:Gough Island
6953:Conwy Castle
6877:Forth Bridge
6781:
6535:Astronomy by
6496:Arno Penzias
6436:Cyril Hazard
6281:
6078:South Africa
5869:(Uzbekistan)
5709:Radio window
5616:
5329:
5326:
5263:Macclesfield
5210:
5146:
5085:
5069:
4936:Woolton Hall
4932:Uttley House
4813:Weston Hall
4762:Christie Cup
4755:Student life
4731:Tabley House
4700:
4521:Joule Centre
4438:Anthropology
4340:Architecture
4259:Dennis Walsh
4234:Sarah Bridle
4182:Phil Diamond
4099:
4078:
3989:
3983:
3953:
3934:
3915:
3896:
3877:
3856:
3839:
3818:
3780:. Retrieved
3773:the original
3760:
3749:, retrieved
3743:
3737:
3726:, retrieved
3722:
3712:
3701:, retrieved
3697:
3687:
3676:, retrieved
3672:
3662:
3651:, retrieved
3647:
3637:
3626:, retrieved
3622:
3612:
3601:, retrieved
3597:
3587:
3576:, retrieved
3570:
3557:
3549:
3544:
3535:
3526:
3514:. Retrieved
3507:
3497:
3486:
3477:
3465:. Retrieved
3461:
3452:
3440:. Retrieved
3435:
3426:
3414:. Retrieved
3404:
3392:. Retrieved
3388:
3378:
3366:. Retrieved
3357:
3345:. Retrieved
3336:
3324:. Retrieved
3322:. 6 May 2013
3314:
3302:. Retrieved
3293:
3281:. Retrieved
3277:the original
3267:
3255:. Retrieved
3252:The Guardian
3251:
3241:
3229:. Retrieved
3219:
3207:. Retrieved
3203:the original
3193:
3181:. Retrieved
3177:the original
3167:
3155:. Retrieved
3150:
3141:
3129:. Retrieved
3120:
3108:. Retrieved
3103:
3094:
3082:. Retrieved
3068:
3061:
3056:
3044:. Retrieved
3040:the original
3030:
3018:. Retrieved
3008:
2996:. Retrieved
2986:
2974:. Retrieved
2970:the original
2960:
2948:. Retrieved
2938:
2926:. Retrieved
2922:the original
2912:
2900:. Retrieved
2895:
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
2869:
2860:
2848:. Retrieved
2843:The Guardian
2841:
2832:
2824:
2819:
2807:. Retrieved
2782:. Retrieved
2778:the original
2768:
2760:
2755:
2747:
2742:
2730:. Retrieved
2720:
2708:. Retrieved
2704:the original
2694:
2682:. Retrieved
2672:
2660:. Retrieved
2643:
2631:. Retrieved
2627:the original
2617:
2610:
2590:. Retrieved
2569:
2557:. Retrieved
2547:
2535:. Retrieved
2531:the original
2506:. Retrieved
2502:the original
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2473:
2464:
2452:. Retrieved
2445:
2436:
2428:
2423:
2411:. Retrieved
2407:the original
2403:"Milestones"
2397:
2385:. Retrieved
2375:
2363:. Retrieved
2353:
2345:
2340:
2332:
2327:
2314:. Retrieved
2305:
2293:
2281:. Retrieved
2277:the original
2270:
2256:. Retrieved
2249:
2239:
2234:
2222:. Retrieved
2218:the original
2211:
2197:. Retrieved
2193:the original
2188:
2178:
2172:
2167:
2159:
2154:
2146:
2141:
2129:. Retrieved
2124:
2115:
2103:. Retrieved
2093:
2085:
2080:
2068:. Retrieved
2064:the original
2054:
2042:. Retrieved
2037:
2028:
2016:. Retrieved
2012:the original
2002:
1993:the original
1987:
1977:
1968:
1960:
1955:
1946:
1926:
1904:. Retrieved
1897:
1888:
1880:
1864:
1835:
1827:
1822:
1815:
1795:. Retrieved
1790:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1679:
1667:
1651:
1649:
1626:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1605:(as well as
1600:
1596:
1586:
1579:Birthday Boy
1578:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1538:
1515:
1487:
1480:
1469:
1463:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1414:
1407:
1402:
1399:Solar System
1388:
1384:
1382:mountain ash
1377:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1314:
1270:
1263:
1235:
1199:
1169:
1166:headquarters
1123:
1086:between 151
1041:
1023:
1007:
980:
963:
956:
939:
936:
933:
896:
852:
844:
837:
817:
803:
796:
793:battleships
775:
736:Great Nebula
733:
730:
711:
694:
683:
671:
630:World War II
626:astrophysics
623:
608:
555:
536:
528:space probes
430:
429:
209:.jodrellbank
88:Organization
36:
18:Jodrell Bank
6716:as part of
6615:Wow! signal
6506:Martin Ryle
6501:Grote Reber
6431:Frank Drake
6372:(Australia)
6206:Space-based
6196:Netherlands
6068:Netherlands
6038:South Korea
5916:(Australia)
5866:Suffa RT-70
5414:Agriculture
4899:Fallowfield
4837:Brook Hall
4625:(1968–2005)
4612:Grove House
4411:Mathematics
4358:Engineering
4275:The Jodcast
4254:Anna Scaife
4249:Tim O'Brien
4244:Ian Morison
4212:Astronomers
4177:Andrew Lyne
3231:4 September
2827:, pp. 67–68
2381:"JBO—Stars"
2018:22 November
1658:Alan Garner
1530:fibre-optic
1395:scale model
1084:frequencies
1026:polar mount
1003:Crab Pulsar
725:focal point
697:Giacobinids
686:searchlight
654:Oxford Road
638:cosmic rays
591:Early years
496:cosmic rays
488:observatory
389:2019 (43rd
386:Inscription
211:.manchester
187:Established
161: /
136:Coordinates
70:Named after
39:Observatory
7064:Categories
6957:Town Walls
6946:Town Walls
6901:New Lanark
6813:including
6537:EM methods
5757:telescopes
5755:Individual
5308:Warrington
5273:Middlewich
5206:Bollington
5178:Warrington
4915:Owens Park
4869:Hulme Hall
4674:Facilities
4466:Psychology
4430:Humanities
4333:Standalone
4172:Rod Davies
4109:Telescopes
3552:, p. 30–31
3442:14 January
3394:7 December
2308:. London.
1851:Gunn, 2005
1756:References
1635:and also "
1597:Doctor Who
1550:Doctor Who
1457:Doctor Who
1433:Alice Gold
1375:crab apple
1142:arcseconds
1100:arcseconds
1096:wavelength
822:-launched
646:Manchester
634:gun laying
603:See also:
508:meteoroids
227:Telescopes
190:1945
146:53°14′10″N
6758:Cathedral
6521:Paul Wild
6354:Multi-use
6334:(SAORAS,
6108:Australia
6096:(MERLIN,
6088:Australia
5974:Australia
5964:Australia
5893:(Ukraine)
5885:(Ukraine)
5795:(Germany)
5327:See also:
5288:Northwich
5253:Knutsford
5243:Handforth
5218:Congleton
5201:Birchwood
4911:Oak House
4889:(Private)
4875:(Private)
4851:(Private)
4839:(Private)
4815:(Private)
4803:(Private)
4580:Buildings
4406:Materials
4396:Chemistry
4196:Engineers
4155:Directors
3536:The Times
3509:The Times
3131:1 January
2131:4 October
1988:Blue Book
1906:30 August
1664:Appraisal
1595:'s final
1593:Tom Baker
1588:Logopolis
1526:microwave
1451:Star Wars
1445:Star Trek
1403:SpacedOut
1371:arboretum
1252:in 1999.
1134:Penticton
1130:Algonquin
1060:Cambridge
999:Apollo 11
833:facsimile
824:Pioneer 5
809:Sputnik 1
802:HMS
795:HMS
740:Andromeda
642:J. S. Hey
532:Space Age
376:Reference
361:, England
149:2°18′26″W
130:, England
6906:St Kilda
6872:New Town
6860:Scotland
6820:Saltaire
6645:Category
6481:Jan Oort
6380:(Canada)
6364:(Canada)
6317:(Sweden)
6309:(France)
6253:(Canada)
6223:Spektr-R
6066:(LOFAR,
6046:(LLAMA,
6003:(Europe)
5992:(CARMA,
5982:(CHIME,
5972:(ASKAP,
5819:(Mexico)
5803:(Russia)
5687:Concepts
5398:Wheelock
5323:Winsford
5318:Wilmslow
5303:Sandbach
5278:Nantwich
5238:Frodsham
5228:Culcheth
5137:Cheshire
5072:Category
4918:(Closed)
4484:Research
4461:Medicine
4443:Business
4131:Mark III
4090:Timeline
3817:(1986).
3792:cite web
3512:. London
3488:BBC News
3458:"Travel"
3436:BBC News
3368:16 April
3347:4 August
3326:16 April
3257:22 March
3183:16 April
3157:26 March
3151:BBC News
3104:BBC News
3060:Lovell,
2950:5 August
2928:5 August
2902:14 April
2876:14 April
2823:Lovell,
2809:5 August
2784:23 April
2759:Pullan,
2750:, p. 232
2746:Lovell,
2609:Lovell,
2592:5 August
2475:BBC News
2447:BBC News
2427:Lovell,
2344:Lovell,
2331:Lovell,
2310:Archived
2251:BBC News
2242:, p. 250
2238:Lovell,
2181:, p. 272
2177:Lovell,
2171:Lovell,
2162:, p. 262
2158:Lovell,
2149:, p. 196
2145:Lovell,
2084:Lovell,
2038:BBC News
1985:(1950).
1959:Lovell,
1925:Lovell,
1879:Lovell,
1863:Lovell,
1826:Lovell,
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1698:See also
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3994:Bibcode
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