508:
36:
920:
520:
986:
administration of martial law by only reporting news that had positive national value. Presidential Decree No. 191 require all news agencies to get clearance from the Media
Advisory Council (MAC) before publishing or airing any content. Society news, editorial commentary, and content critical to the Philippine government were among those banned. The government seized control of privately owned media. Only
761:, two of the largest broadcasting companies in the Philippines. The principal officers of both corporations, according to the letter, were actively engaged in activities subverting the government. Marcos also accused both of allowing the dissemination of deliberately skewed, exaggerated, and false information with a view towards subverting the government and promoting the
501:
1121:
authority. Specified that no mass media group or entity that had been closed or sequestered in
September 1972 in line with the martial law declaration can be granted a certificate of registration. The abolition of the MAC was seen as a move to assuage foreign criticisms on the regime's curtailment of freedoms, including those of foreign newsmen.
2833:
742:"criminal conspiracy to seize political and state power." All privately-owned newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and other mass media were ordered to be taken over and controlled so as to prevent their use for purposes that sought to undermine the government. The letter was addressed to Press Secretary
1258:
Although still unable to directly investigate the Marcos administration itself, reporters for the mainstream press slowly explored the possibility of covering anomalies and crimes linked to Marcos' supporters and cronies, particularly in the countryside, as the 1980s rolled in. Key stories that were
1080:
Department Order No.1, issued
September 25 - Issued by the Department of Public Information (DPI). Provided the guidelines and policies to be followed by news media, emphasizing "news reports of positive national value" and requiring all materials to be cleared with the DPI prior to publication. This
1198:
In later years, pressure from the international community and from the
Catholic Church forced Marcos to allow the publication of some newspapers critical of his administration, although Marcos made sure he could shut them down "just like that." These publications were referred to as the "alternative
1109:
Presidential Decree No. 191, signed May 11 - Created the Media
Advisory Council (MAC), which was to review all applications for mass media entities to operate, such that no entity may broadcast or publish without first getting a Certificate of Authority to Operate form the MAC. All certificates were
985:
Although some of the press was eventually allowed to reopen their doors, news was heavily regulated and censored. All publications, including those from foreign news outfits, had to be approved by the
Department of Public Information. Department Order No. 1 required all news outlets to assist in the
593:
Hitherto considered the most prominent embodiment of press freedom in Asia, various
Philippine mass media were shut down very suddenly in the early hours of September 23, 1972 when Marcosā forces began enforcing Martial Law. The clampdown included 7 television stations, 16 national daily newspapers,
1047:
are banned. Film was censored through the Board of
Censors for Moving Pictures (BCMP). Letter of Instruction No. 13 issued on September 29, 1972, prohibited films perceived to incite subversion and rebellion, glorify criminals, show the use of prohibited drugs, and undermine the people's confidence
1009:
of āmalicious and false reportingā during his coverage of the fighting between the government forces and Muslim
Filipino separatists in Jolo, Sulu. Zeitlin was expelled from the Philippines in 1976. A year later, the government denied the visa application of Bernard Wideman, a news correspondent of
716:
Before the declaration of martial law, mass media in the
Philippines functioned as a government watchdog and source of information for citizens. Marcos exerted considerable effort to stifle the free press, which is considered a key feature of a functioning democracy. He shut down media outlets and
1152:
When martial law was declared, soldiers padlocked the offices of major newspapers and wire agencies in Metro Manila and posted copies of Proclamation 1081 on their doors. Journalists were arrested on charges of subversion and other crimes. Media outlets owned or taken over by cronies or Ferdinand
637:
forced Marcos to allow publication of some newspapers critical of his administration, although Marcos ensured he could shut them down ājust like that.ā These publications were referred to as the āalternative press,ā or because they were irritations Marcos could swat down with ease, the āmosquito
1091:
Letter of Instruction No. 13, signed September 29 - Provided a list of qualifications that the BCMP is to use in identifying films that will be banned from public exhibition in any theater in the country. Consequences for violation included the closure of any theater involved and the arrest and
741:
Through Letter of Instruction No. 1, signed on September 22, a day before the public declaration of martial law, Marcos ordered the military take over of the assets of privately-owned media companies. The letter was written in view of what Marcos called a national emergency, in which existed a
1120:
Presidential Decree No. 576, signed November 9 - Abolished the MAC and authorized the creation of regulatory councils for print media and broadcast media. Both councils were authorized to formulate and enforce policies, guidelines, rules, and regulations for all media activities within their
1311:, became a turning point in the history of Martial Law, because for the first time since the press crackdown during the declaration of Martial Law in 1972, the mainstream Philippine press joined the mosquito press in confronting the issue of military arrests on civilians under Martial Law.
1249:
The phenomenon of samizdat or xerox journalism also proliferated, which involved the dissemination of news clippings, usually from publications abroad that were not checked by the government's censors. These often proliferated through Filipino journalists working for foreign news outfits.
1142:
Presidential Decree No. 1834, signed January 16 - Increased the penalties for rebellion, sedition, and related crimes. Speeches, proclamations, writings, emblems, banners, and other materials interpreted as inciting to rebellion or sedition were made punishable with reclusion perpetua to
2841:
923:
The Daily Express, in its Sunday edition, announcing the declaration of martial law while reassuring its readers that business and life will "go on normally." The final years of martial law saw mounting protests against government-owned or controlled mass media, including the Daily
955:
announced "FM Declares Martial Law" ā the only national newspaper to come out in the immediate aftermath of martial law. (The Mindanao Tribune, which had not received notification of the media lockdown, had been able to put out an edition by the evening of September 23.)
1131:
Presidential Decree No. 1737, signed September 12 - Emphasized that the President or Prime Minister may, as he deems necessary, and among other things, order the closure of subversive publications and ban or regulate modes of entertainment or exhibition of the same
717:
set up set up print and broadcast outlets that he controlled through his cronies. In doing so, he silenced public criticism and opposition by controlling information that the people had access to. This allowed him to have the final say on what passed as truth.
1153:
Marcos were later allowed to operate, such as the Philippine Daily Express, Bulletin Today, Times Journal, and Kanlaon Broadcasting System. These came to be known as the admin press or the crony press. It was also described by National Artist
1374:. Radyo Veritas kept local and international audiences informed of events relating to the revolution, but was assaulted by Marcos' soldiers on February 23 and 24, 1986, leading to its shutdown and the injury of some of its staff members.
4926:
928:
By the morning of September 23, 1972, martial law forces had successfully implemented a media lockdown, with only outlets owned or controlled by the government allowed to operate. In the afternoon, Benedicto-owned television channel
617:
were the only ones allowed to publish in the immediate aftermath of the declaration, and media companies taken over by Marcosā close associates became the dominant media outlets, eventually becoming referred to as the "crony press."
1404:, changed its frequencies to mask their location, and broadcast as "Radyo Bandido" (Bandit Radio), continuing to report on the events of the revolution and eventually announcing that Marcos had run away from the seat of power in
1170:
Journalists who were able to evade the mass arrests in the early months of the dictatorship set up underground publications, sometimes referred to as the "underground press". These underground publications include the newspapers
2266:
732:
and putting the Philippines under Martial Law on September 21, the proclamation was only publicly announced on the evening of September 23, preceded by a wave of arrests that began shortly before midnight on September 22.
1095:
Letter of Instruction No. 13-A, signed September 29 - Required all radio dealers and manufacturers to submit monthly reports of their sales, including the names of the persons, companies, and entities who purchased their
602:, and air travel. The most prominent television and newspaper reporters, publishers, columnists, and media owners were among the 400 people jailed in the first hours of Martial Law, with more arrested in Marcosā
1084:
Letter of Instruction No. 10, signed September 26 - Ordered the country's Postmaster General to adopt measures to effectively control the use of mails in order to avoid their use for anti-government propaganda.
1427:
1284:
652:
4406:
3253:
1087:
Letter of Instruction No. 1-A, signed September 28 - Ordered the Department of National Defense to sequester the TV and radio facilities of the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation and the Associated Broadcasting
284:
1072:
Letter of Authority No. 1, signed September 22 - Authorized the operation of Radio Philippines Network, Kanlaon Broadcasting Network, the Voice of the Philippines, Philippines Broadcasting System, and the
951:, through which Marcos declared martial law. Ferdinand Marcos himself went on air at 7:17 that evening to formalize the announcement. The following morning, on September 24, the headline of Benedicto's
1005:
The foreign press' access to information was also heavily regulated. Foreign journalists critical of the regime were often expelled or had their visas denied. Marcos accused Arnold Zeitlin of the
1060:
The following is a list of Presidential Decrees, Letters of Instruction, and other official issuances that shaped the mass media landscape of the period, arranged by year of signing or release.
3880:
1432:
279:
2210:
5228:
5098:
1370:
aired a call from Jaime Sin, Archbishop of Manila, for Filipinos to go to EDSA highway and prevent Marcos from killing the leaders of a failed coup attemptāan appeal that triggered the
1035:
959:
The declaration shut down 7 television stations, 16 national daily newspapers, 11 weekly magazines, 66 community newspapers, and 292 radio stations; as well as public utilities such as
3288:
1574:
239:
2325:
5396:
5240:
5062:
472:
4360:
4355:
289:
2270:
5119:
4197:
3233:
2175:
319:
4165:
3248:
105:
702:
and prevent Marcos from killing the leaders of a failed coup attempt, and then keeping local and international audiences updated about the ensuing People Power Revolution.
4774:
3590:
551:
2385:
5533:
3293:
176:
5493:
2370:
447:
148:
2917:
1657:
1847:
5148:
3283:
3185:
2586:
234:
130:
110:
2616:
2019:
1824:
299:
2646:
2449:
2152:
908:
also happened to be delegates to the 1971 Constitutional Convention, and were among the 11 outspoken convention delegates to be arrested. (The others included
2803:
2734:
2704:
2478:
1937:
664:
5518:
5354:
1476:
1422:
1366:
With opposition forces already poised to go to the streets after massive cheating during the 1986 Presidential Election, Catholic Church-run radio station
294:
189:
3070:
2324:
Mathews, Jay; Manila, Washington Post Foreign Service; Washington Post special correspondent Bernard Wideman contributed to this story from (1978-01-18).
5051:
4979:
4810:
3376:
3145:
1069:
Letter of Instruction No. 1, signed September 22 - Ordered the taking over and control of all privately-owned mass media for the duration of martial law.
891:
412:
166:
5417:
5488:
1913:
1604:
Daroy, Petronilo Bn. (1988). "On the Eve of Dictatorship and Revolution". In Javate-de Dios, Aurora; Daroy, Petronilo Bn.; Kalaw-Tirol, Lorna (eds.).
711:
100:
2292:
4964:
2417:
1549:
3093:
4784:
3361:
3263:
1689:
594:
11 weekly magazines, 66 community newspapers, and 292 radio stations; as well as public utilities such as the companies running utilities such as
405:
339:
196:
5538:
3218:
3113:
3040:
1582:
544:
324:
161:
765:. The takeover included all facilities owned and operated by the two corporations, including their TV and radio subsidiaries in the cities of
4969:
3258:
3140:
3083:
2950:
2074:
334:
184:
156:
5000:
4921:
4916:
4779:
3303:
2096:
2048:
4931:
4724:
1471:
329:
75:
3049:
1741:
762:
634:
576:
221:
2966:
1751:
537:
753:
On September 28, Marcos issued Letter of Instruction No. 1-A, ordering the armed forces to seize and sequester facilities owned by
2943:
Ang mamatay nang dahil sa 'yo: Heroes and martyrs of the Filipino people in the struggle against dictatorship, 1972-1986. volume 1
2892:
2234:
4446:
3208:
3193:
720:
By controlling the press, the dictatorship was able to suppress negative news and create an exaggerated perception of progress.
4957:
4769:
4399:
3203:
3175:
1888:
808:
By the dawn of September 23, 100 of the 400 individuals on Marcos' "Priority Arrest List" were in detention centers, including
5528:
5298:
5153:
3078:
93:
1864:
797:
3238:
3155:
1844:
1342:
980:
5112:
4952:
2980:
1048:
in the government. It also sought to ban any film that, to the judgment of the BCMP, was not aligned with the spirit of
939:
584:
507:
2594:
1099:
Letter of Implementation No. 12, signed November 1 - Authorized the creation of the Bureau of Standards for Mass Media.
1026:
and Philippine Cellophane Film Corporation. Wideman's expulsion was eventually reversed by the Immigration Commission.
5023:
4796:
4744:
3828:
3434:
3381:
2676:
1018:
462:
115:
2624:
2027:
1832:
998:) were allowed to resume operations among those publications that existed prior to Martial Law. The regulations bred
2811:
2654:
2457:
2144:
4974:
4936:
4734:
3396:
3033:
2742:
2712:
2486:
1945:
442:
311:
266:
5340:
5263:
4749:
3223:
3018:
2867:
1268:
1233:
930:
793:
524:
5441:
5126:
1627:
452:
1717:
667:
which led to the closure of WE Forum and jailing of its prominent columnists; and the 1984 murder of leading
5143:
4759:
4754:
4719:
4679:
3658:
3053:
1371:
1308:
660:
580:
344:
256:
690:ā played a pivotal role in overthrowing Marcos. These non-government stations aired the appeal of Cardinal
5223:
4602:
4081:
3813:
3755:
1557:
1417:
1228:
836:
1110:
also to be approved by Marcos before becoming valid and effective and had to be renewed every six months.
1029:
The government also censored other forms of media outside of print, radio, and television. Books such as
5523:
5213:
4242:
4136:
3823:
3750:
3496:
3198:
3165:
3088:
3026:
1049:
948:
913:
729:
647:
572:
486:
229:
206:
135:
5361:
5105:
3010:
2115:
1337:
on October 19, 1984 became an important rallying point of the fight against the Marcos dictatorship in
641:
Key turning points in the history of Philippine journalism in this time include: the establishment of
5333:
5284:
4869:
3986:
3641:
3521:
3170:
3123:
3098:
1405:
1264:
695:
2180:. Davao City: MindaNews Publications, Mindanao News and Information Cooperative Center. p. 58.
5410:
5312:
5073:
4664:
4587:
4257:
4227:
3976:
3653:
3386:
3273:
3150:
1346:
1023:
1012:
968:
754:
201:
120:
2066:
1816:
1199:
press," or, because they were irritations Marcos could swat down with ease, the "mosquito press."
633:". In later years, pressure from the international community and from the politically influential
621:
Journalists who evaded arrest went underground and came out with alternative publications such as
5368:
4906:
4612:
4551:
4252:
4247:
4126:
4076:
4026:
3955:
3922:
3892:
3778:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3516:
3338:
3308:
3298:
2960:
2918:"Underground press during martial law: Piercing the veil of darkness imposed by the dictatorship"
2785:
2765:
2568:
2548:
2529:
2509:
2351:
2001:
1658:"Underground press during martial law: Piercing the veil of darkness imposed by the dictatorship"
1531:
831:
603:
467:
251:
3858:
3539:
1820:
5256:
4911:
4879:
4597:
4520:
4453:
4439:
4419:
4149:
4141:
4121:
4066:
4046:
3942:
3897:
3863:
3853:
3793:
3773:
3768:
3673:
3631:
3481:
3455:
3450:
2946:
2425:
2393:
2333:
2300:
2181:
1993:
1795:
1747:
1523:
1392:
After Radyo Veritas was shut down by Marcos' soldiers, a small group led by Jesuit priest Fr.
1367:
1030:
919:
878:. Church publications are also not allowed to operate. Among the publications closed were the
789:
747:
683:
630:
614:
80:
5449:
5403:
5305:
5277:
5009:
4669:
4632:
4541:
4480:
4459:
4413:
4365:
4322:
4261:
4154:
4035:
3971:
3937:
3873:
3808:
3745:
3740:
3715:
3678:
3580:
3575:
3534:
3419:
3128:
2777:
2560:
2521:
1985:
1973:
1515:
1393:
1383:
1260:
1006:
909:
901:
854:
587:
435:
85:
70:
52:
35:
1788:
Miclat, Gus (2002). "Our lives were never the same again". In Arguillas, Carolyn O. (ed.).
1190:
The publications were sometimes reproduced in makeshift offices using mimeograph machines.
796:), and still later to the government-owned Maharlika Broadcasting System (now operating as
5382:
5037:
4647:
4577:
4562:
4468:
4432:
4425:
4340:
4317:
4271:
4232:
4222:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4116:
4101:
4021:
3991:
3981:
3917:
3912:
3887:
3833:
3818:
3798:
3621:
3501:
3491:
3486:
3366:
3313:
3213:
3160:
3133:
2363:
2121:
1851:
1304:
1290:
1224:
999:
995:
944:
905:
819:
743:
656:
492:
417:
379:
367:
3803:
1002:
among members of the press, which were traditionally adversarial towards the government.
1743:
Filipino American Transnational Activism: Diasporic Politics among the Second Generation
5435:
4874:
4859:
4854:
4839:
4829:
4729:
4642:
4514:
4499:
4378:
4345:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4266:
4172:
4159:
4071:
4056:
3932:
3927:
3788:
3783:
3735:
3695:
3683:
3616:
3565:
3511:
3465:
1845:
https://www.cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/politics/2017/05/31/radyo-bandido-edsa.html
1350:
1324:
1300:
1040:
859:
610:
590:
in order to suppress political opposition and prevent criticism of his administration.
361:
4801:
2174:
Morada Santiago, Irene (2002). "The last free paper". In Arguillas, Carolyn O. (ed.).
5512:
5319:
5080:
4901:
4844:
4739:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4617:
4582:
4388:
4383:
4327:
4307:
4276:
4217:
4212:
4192:
4086:
4061:
3965:
3907:
3848:
3760:
3710:
3705:
3570:
3560:
3438:
3424:
3391:
3371:
3343:
3328:
3318:
3243:
3118:
2789:
2572:
2533:
2005:
1397:
1387:
1294:
1215:
934:
871:
422:
373:
354:
140:
5389:
5270:
5249:
4764:
4674:
4627:
4592:
4546:
4474:
4350:
4312:
4237:
4207:
4131:
4096:
4030:
3999:
3960:
3947:
3868:
3843:
3700:
3668:
3606:
3555:
3460:
3333:
3228:
1330:
1320:
1272:
1176:
1154:
867:
810:
786:
672:
427:
397:
391:
125:
2945:. Ermita, Manila, Philippines: National Historical Commission of the Philippines.
882:
published by the Association of Major Religious Superiors of the Philippines and
5218:
5184:
5158:
4684:
4637:
4607:
4567:
4486:
4332:
4202:
4051:
4040:
3838:
3626:
3611:
3601:
3506:
3476:
3353:
3108:
815:
758:
568:
457:
385:
261:
211:
1454:"FERDINAND MARCOS: APOTHEOSIS OF THE PHILIPPINE HISTORICAL POLITICAL TRADITION"
1329:
The public outrage resulting from the death of prominent Mindanaoan journalist
1202:
Among these publications that form part of the mosquito press were Joe Burgos'
5179:
4834:
4622:
4572:
4370:
4106:
3663:
3470:
2781:
2564:
2525:
1989:
1334:
766:
676:
2429:
2397:
2337:
2304:
2185:
2097:"The Marcos Regime and the Making of a Subservient Philippine Press: Part II"
1997:
1799:
1527:
1183:
Artists and journalists also published a magazine on arts and culture called
5462:
5375:
4111:
4091:
3902:
3636:
3529:
2987:
2049:"The Marcos Regime and the Making of a Subservient Philippine Press: Part I"
1794:. MindaNews Publications, Mindanao News and Information Cooperative Center.
770:
691:
1453:
1865:"Fast facts: How Marcos silenced, controlled the media during Martial Law"
17:
5469:
5455:
5044:
5030:
5016:
3446:
3103:
1504:"Civil Liberties and the Mass Media under Martial Law in the Philippines"
1497:
1495:
1338:
1213:
edited by Felix Bautista and Melinda de Jesus; Raul and Leticia Locsin's
668:
642:
246:
1307:, who led the indigenous people of the Cordillera in protesting Marcos'
1535:
1503:
1401:
1263:'s coverage of the murder of Macliing Dulag for Panorama Magazine, and
960:
943:
cartoon series, which was interrupted at 3:00 PM, when Press Secretary
887:
782:
778:
687:
595:
500:
4765:
Movement of Attorneys for Brotherhood, Integrity and Nationalism, Inc.
583:
in February 1986āwas heavily restricted under the dictatorial rule of
5326:
5291:
5174:
4864:
3323:
2189:
1789:
1408:, ending his 21 years in power, which included 14 years as dictator.
1519:
1022:. Wideman covered Marcos' seizure of privately-owned companies like
1711:
1709:
712:
Ferdinand Marcos's cult of personality Ā§ Control of mass media
5347:
4805:
2418:"Philippine Immigration Chief Bars Expulsion of American Reporter"
918:
774:
2235:"Manila Imposes Strict Censorship on News Media (Published 1972)"
4849:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1349:, the September 24, 1984, murder of Mindanao Observer publisher
964:
699:
599:
3022:
2893:"Nick Joaquin: 'Those who displayed an enjoyable recklessness'"
4493:
Others who withdrew support during the People Power revolution
2269:. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Archived from
1428:
Indigenous peopleās resistance against the Marcos dictatorship
1285:
Indigenous peopleās resistance against the Marcos dictatorship
1254:
Beginnings of investigative journalism in the mainstream press
890:. Several radio stations operated by the Catholic Church and
1765:
1763:
1690:"Heroes of Press Freedom: Jose Burgos Jr. - A Timeless Hero"
2177:
Turning rage into courage : Mindanao under martial law
1791:
Turning rage into courage : Mindanao under martial law
1628:"Lessons from the underground press of the martial law era"
1433:
Religious sector resistance against the Marcos dictatorship
3254:
Philippine military history during the Marcos dictatorship
3249:
Philippine economic history during the Marcos dictatorship
1889:"Breaking the News: Silencing the Media Under Martial Law"
792:'s Kanlaon Broadcasting System (or KBS, now operating as
5099:
The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos
1036:
The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos
1825:"A rebel radio station that defied Marcos' martial law"
1811:
1809:
651:
in 1981; the landmark coverage of the assassination of
5397:
A Rustling of Leaves: Inside the Philippine Revolution
2941:
Malay, Carolina S.; Rodriguez, Ma Cristina V. (2015).
1914:"Balikwas: Literature and the media under Martial Law"
1569:
1567:
5120:
Subversive Lives: A Family Memoir of the Marcos Years
2145:"Martial Law, the dark chapter in Philippine history"
1608:. Metro Manila: Conspectus Foundation. pp. 1ā25.
1357:
Role of radio stations in the People Power Revolution
844:. Also arrested were reporters Robert OrdoƱez of the
2326:"Marcos Orders Seizure of Wealthy Friends Companies"
2101:
Human Rights Violations Victims' Memorial Commission
2053:
Human Rights Violations Victims' Memorial Commission
1783:
1781:
1606:
Dictatorship and Revolution: Roots of People's Power
5479:
5427:
5239:
5206:
5197:
5167:
5136:
5090:
5061:
4999:
4992:
4945:
4894:
4887:
4823:
4707:
4656:
4529:
4396:
4286:
4009:
3589:
3548:
3433:
3412:
3405:
3352:
3272:
3184:
3069:
2454:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
1579:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
1554:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
4775:Movement of Concerned Citizens for Civil Liberties
3006:
3004:
1575:"Infographic: The day Marcos declared Martial Law"
4407:Resistance during the Marcos administration years
840:, and Rolando Fadul of the vernacular broadsheet
5494:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos
3382:Japanese Official Development Assistance scandal
2260:
2258:
2256:
728:While Marcos claims to have signed Presidential
665:exposƩ of Ferdinand Marcos' fake military medals
2450:"Letter of Instruction No. 13, s. 1972 | GOVPH"
1472:"Back to the Past: A timeline of press freedom"
1267:'s investigation of fund irregularities at the
5149:Sa ikauunlad ng bayan, disiplina ang kailangan
4760:Kilusan sa Kapangyarihan at Karapatan ng Bayan
1458:Undergraduate Humanities Forum 2008-09: Change
3034:
2384:Mathews, Jay; Wideman, Bernard (1978-04-23).
545:
8:
5355:Loyalista: The Untold Story of Imelda Papin
2872:Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility
1694:Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility
1423:Protest art against the Marcos dictatorship
912:, Alejandro Lichuaco, Voltaire Garcia, and
894:in Bukidnon and Davao were shut also down.
5203:
5052:Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree
4996:
4980:Presidential Commission on Good Government
4891:
4811:United Nationalist Democratic Organization
3409:
3377:Overseas landholdings of the Marcos family
3214:Construction of "edifice complex" projects
3041:
3027:
3019:
2981:"MARTYRS & HEROES: Amatong, Jacobo S."
2143:Francisco, Katerina (September 22, 2016).
1315:Murders of Jacobo Amatong and Alex Orcullo
1081:includes all foreign dispatches or cables.
1056:Media and communications-related issuances
892:United Church of Christ in the Philippines
706:Rationale for media control and censorship
552:
538:
26:
2677:"Letter of Instruction No. 13-A, s. 1972"
2369:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2267:"The Print Media: A Tradition of Freedom"
629:These were sometimes referred to as the "
565:Journalism during the Marcos dictatorship
5534:History of mass media in the Philippines
5418:Why Is Yellow the Middle of the Rainbow?
2386:"Marcos Seizes Airline That Billed Wife"
2020:"Letter of Instruction No. 1-A, s. 1972"
1688:Fernandez, Lourdes Molina (2007-01-26).
737:Letters of Instruction No. 1 and No. 1-A
4785:Task Force Detainees of the Philippines
3362:Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family
3264:Timeline of the People Power Revolution
2834:"Presidential Decree No. 1834, s. 1981"
2804:"Presidential Decree No. 1737, s. 1980"
2647:"Letter of Instruction No. 13, s. 1972"
2587:"Letter of Instruction No. 10, s. 1972"
2155:from the original on September 23, 2016
1718:"The Potent Bite of the Mosquito Press"
1444:
1275:was president, for the Bulletin Today.
29:
5489:Ferdinand Marcos's cult of personality
2958:
2735:"Presidential Decree No. 191, s. 1973"
2705:"Presidential Decree No. 576, s. 1974"
2699:
2697:
2479:"Letter of Instruction No. 1, s. 1972"
2359:
2349:
2077:from the original on February 17, 2009
1938:"Letter of Instruction No. 1, s. 1972"
4970:Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
3011:Radyo Veritas role in Edsa I recalled
2861:
2859:
1967:
1965:
1963:
933:went back on air playing episodes of
688:DZRJ-AM, disguised as "Radyo Bandido"
7:
4850:Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA)
4780:National Movement for Free Elections
1944:. September 22, 1972. Archived from
1651:
1649:
1647:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1259:published during this time included
852:; columnists Ernesto Granada of the
571:āa fourteen year period between the
4932:Second Great Rectification Movement
4755:Justice for Aquino, Justice for All
3094:PhilippinesāUnited States relations
1772:The Philippine Press Under Siege II
1716:Tordesillas, Ellen (3 March 2015).
1092:prosecution of any person involved.
759:Associated Broadcasting Corporation
724:Shutdown and takeover of mass media
700:Epifanio delos Santos Avenue (EDSA)
330:Assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr.
5519:Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos
4740:Concerned Women of the Philippines
3844:Jose Benedicto Luis "J.B.L." Reyes
3050:Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos
763:Communist Party of the Philippines
746:and Secretary of National Defense
25:
5452:: The Ninoy and Cory Aquino Story
1345:in Luzon the year before. On the
1179:and Carolina "Bobbie" Malay) and
1045:The Untold Story of Imelda Marcos
975:Censorship under Ferdinand Marcos
4447:Reform the Armed Forces Movement
3642:Lorenzo M. "Ka Tanny" TaƱada Sr.
3329:Murder of Juan "Johnny" Escandor
3209:1974 Sacred Heart Novitiate raid
2547:San Juan, E. Jr. (May 1, 1978).
2508:San Juan, E. Jr. (May 1, 1978).
2293:"MANILA ACCUSES A.U.S. NEVISMAY"
1452:CuUnjieng, Nicole (2009-04-01).
755:ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation
519:
518:
506:
499:
43:This article is part of a series
34:
4770:Movement for a Free Philippines
4720:Alliance of Makati Associations
3756:Ribomapil "Dodong" Holganza Sr.
3502:Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr.
3451:Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr.
3176:Human rights in the Philippines
3146:1969 balance of payments crisis
2916:Olea, Ronalyn V. (2012-09-28).
2617:"Letter of Instruction No. 1-A"
1770:Aureus, Leonor J., ed. (1985).
1722:ABS CBN News and Public Affairs
1656:Olea, Ronalyn V. (2012-09-28).
1279:Macli-ing Dulag murder coverage
5299:Evolution of a Filipino Family
5154:Tama na! Sobra na! Palitan na!
4464:Col. Eduardo "Red" Kapunan Jr.
4017:Academics and cultural workers
3721:Margarita "Tingting" Cojuangco
3079:Martial law in the Philippines
2866:Pinlac, Melanie (2007-09-01).
1912:LapeƱa, Carmela (2012-09-20).
1863:Elemia, Camille (2020-09-19).
1194:Alternative press publications
428:Tallano gold conspiracy theory
1:
5539:Journalism in the Philippines
4504:Commodore Tagumpay Jardiniano
3239:Assassination of Ninoy Aquino
3229:Beatification of Lorenzo Ruiz
2965:: CS1 maint: date and year (
2114:Chanco, Boo (April 3, 2017).
1400:took over the transmitter of
1343:assassination of Ninoy Aquino
981:Censorship in the Philippines
5113:Some Are Smarter Than Others
4802:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino
3824:Aquilino "Nene" Pimentel Jr.
3309:Murder of Archimedes Trajano
2986:. 2015-10-11. Archived from
2891:Joaquin, Nick (2014-09-23).
1550:"Declaration of Martial Law"
1502:Rosenberg, David A. (1974).
1173:Balita ng Malayang Pilipinas
623:Balita ng Malayang Pilipinas
579:in September 1972 until the
320:1981 election and referendum
5024:Handog ng Pilipino sa Mundo
4745:Free Legal Assistance Group
3881:Religious sector opposition
3716:Jose "Peping" Cojuangco Jr.
3690:Political sector opposition
3632:Jovito R. "Ka Jovy" Salonga
1626:Verzola, Jun (2021-09-20).
1019:Far Eastern Economic Review
798:People's Television Network
463:Marcos Japanese ODA scandal
5555:
4975:Philippine National Police
4965:Commission on Human Rights
4937:Burial of Ferdinand Marcos
4735:Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
4730:August Twenty One Movement
3648:Business sector opposition
3607:Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.
3517:Benjamin "Kokoy" Romualdez
3507:MarĆa Imelda "Imee" Marcos
3397:Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
3063:Batas Militar sa Pilipinas
2792:– via SAGE Journals.
2575:– via SAGE Journals.
2536:– via SAGE Journals.
1746:. BRILL. 9 December 2019.
1381:
1318:
1288:
1282:
978:
848:, Rosalinda Galang of the
785:were later transferred to
709:
267:Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
167:balance of payments crisis
5341:The Last Journey of Ninoy
4922:Anti-Aquino coup attempts
4460:Gregorio "Gringo" Honasan
4150:Gaston Z. "Gasty" Ortigas
3804:Sergio "Serge" OsmeƱa III
3314:Murder of Macli-ing Dulag
3224:Interim Batasang Pambansa
3060:
2782:10.1080/03064227808532787
2764:San Juan, E. Jr. (1978).
2565:10.1080/03064227808532787
2526:10.1080/03064227808532787
1990:10.1080/03064227808532787
1972:Juan, E. San (May 1978).
1271:, where Marcos supporter
1269:Mindanao State University
794:Radio Philippines Network
698:, for Filipinos to go to
5127:Waltzing with a Dictator
3664:Eugenio "Geny" Lopez Jr.
3627:Gerardo M. "Gerry" Roxas
3622:Salvador H. "Doy" Laurel
3617:JosƩ W. "Ka Pepe" Diokno
3612:Corazon C. "Cory" Aquino
967:, and the then-existing
904:and ABS-CBN broadcaster
804:Arrests of media workers
606:in the succeeding days.
5207:Monuments and memorials
5144:Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa
5065:during the dictatorship
3970:The Magnificent Seven (
3839:Francisco "Soc" Rodrigo
3701:Ceferino "Joker" Arroyo
3659:Domingo M. Guevara, Sr.
3526:Florentino Sanico Solon
3054:People Power Revolution
1372:People Power Revolution
1309:Chico River Dam Project
1157:as a conformist press.
826:, Luis Mauricio of the
661:Chico River Dam Project
581:People Power Revolution
345:People Power Revolution
257:Chico River Dam Project
5224:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
4750:Gabriela Women's Party
4603:Letty Jimenez Magsanoc
4507:Col. Charles Hotchkiss
4341:Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba
4102:Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba
4082:Gilda Cordero Fernando
4010:Academic and cultural
3654:Jose S. Concepcion Jr.
3334:Murder of Alex Orcullo
3324:Bacong Bridge massacre
2984:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
2868:"Marcos and the Press"
2766:"Marcos and the media"
2549:"Marcos and the media"
2510:"Marcos and the media"
1974:"Marcos and the Media"
1418:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
1353:had a similar effect.
1341:, resonating with the
925:
898:Philippines Free Press
312:Third and fourth terms
5529:History of journalism
5214:People Power Monument
4638:Joaquin "Chino" Roces
4356:Felixberto Olalia Sr.
4243:Abraham Sarmiento Jr.
4137:Francisco Nemenzo Jr.
3854:Abraham Sarmiento Sr.
3751:Teofisto Guingona Jr.
3602:Agapito "Butz" Aquino
3591:Mainstream opposition
3497:Antonio Floirendo Sr.
3199:Proclamation No. 1081
3166:Plaza Miranda bombing
3089:Conjugal dictatorship
2745:on September 29, 2021
2489:on September 28, 2022
2116:"Blame the messenger"
1948:on September 28, 2022
1585:on September 11, 2017
1166:The underground press
1050:Proclamation No. 1081
949:Proclamation No. 1081
922:
914:Teofisto Guingona Jr.
837:Philippine Free Press
730:Proclamation No. 1081
682:Two radio stations ā
653:indigenous opposition
648:Ang Pahayagang Malaya
487:Conjugal dictatorship
448:Historical distortion
413:Overseas landholdings
230:Proclamation No. 1081
207:Plaza Miranda bombing
4725:Anti-Bases Coalition
4715:Political coalitions
4623:Antonio "Tony" Nieva
4287:Left-wing opposition
3987:Julio Xavier Labayen
3522:Ignacio Santiago Sr.
3171:Filipino nationalism
3114:Communist insurgency
3099:American imperialism
2597:on November 24, 2022
2273:on November 10, 2019
2241:. September 29, 1972
1265:Demosthenes Dingcong
1239:Mr. and Ms. Magazine
947:went on air to read
818:, newspaper editors
781:. The facilities of
696:Archbishop of Manila
609:Newspapers owned by
136:Communist insurgency
5480:Disinformation and
5411:Season of the Devil
5313:From What Is Before
5074:Iginuhit ng Tadhana
4665:Stephen W. Bosworth
4588:Inday Espina-Varona
4510:Col. Antonio Sotelo
4258:Southern Tagalog 10
4228:Tish Pascual-Ladlad
3834:Soledad Roa Duterte
3814:Cecilia MuƱoz-Palma
3549:Cabinet Technocrats
3492:Manuel Elizalde Jr.
3477:Macario Asistio Jr.
3392:Golden Buddha theft
3387:Coco Levy Fund scam
3294:Political detainees
3284:Human rights abuses
3151:First Quarter Storm
2844:on December 2, 2022
2770:Index on Censorship
2627:on January 29, 2022
2553:Index on Censorship
2514:Index on Censorship
1978:Index on Censorship
1347:Zamboanga Peninsula
1024:Philippine Airlines
1013:The Washington Post
969:Philippine Airlines
235:Human rights abuses
202:First Quarter Storm
121:Coco Levy Fund scam
101:Cult of personality
5369:Martyr or Murderer
5362:Maid in MalacaƱang
5038:Saranggola ni Pepe
4907:Operation Big Bird
4659:interested parties
4613:Teodoro Locsin Sr.
4608:Jose "Pete" Lacaba
4552:Ronnie Nathanielsz
4547:Jose "Joe" Guevara
4375:Crispin Tagamolila
4253:Archimedes Trajano
4248:Antonio Tagamolila
4127:Bienvenido Lumbera
4077:Renato Constantino
4027:APO Hiking Society
3956:Mary Christine Tan
3923:Mary John Mananzan
3893:Teodoro Bacani Jr.
3779:Diosdado Macapagal
3731:Hilario Davide Jr.
3726:Roberto Concepcion
3637:Cardinal Jaime Sin
3339:Escalante massacre
3299:Palimbang massacre
3194:1972 Enrile ambush
2715:on August 18, 2022
2422:The New York Times
2362:has generic name (
2297:The New York Times
2239:The New York Times
1893:Martial Law Museum
1850:2022-04-11 at the
1208:Pahayagang Malaya;
1161:The mosquito press
994:(now operating as
926:
880:Signs of the Times
832:Teodoro Locsin Sr.
828:Philippine Graphic
468:Operation Big Bird
406:Unexplained wealth
252:Escalante Massacre
5506:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5193:
5192:
4988:
4987:
4958:1987 Constitution
4953:Aquino Presidency
4912:Mendiola massacre
4880:Villamor Air Base
4870:MalacaƱang Palace
4819:
4818:
4791:Political parties
4598:Betty Go-Belmonte
4521:Benjamin Magalong
4454:Juan Ponce Enrile
4440:Marcos G. Soliman
4420:Bonifacio Gillego
4397:Opposition in the
4166:Student activists
4142:Willie Nepomuceno
4122:Salvador P. Lopez
4067:Benedicto Cabrera
4047:Lualhati Bautista
4012:sector opposition
3943:Miguel Purugganan
3898:Mariani Dimaranan
3864:Claudio Teehankee
3794:Primitivo Mijares
3769:Eva Estrada Kalaw
3674:Alfonso Yuchengco
3482:Roberto Benedicto
3456:Juan Ponce Enrile
3304:Tictapul massacre
3204:1973 Constitution
2952:978-971-538-270-0
2814:on March 11, 2018
2657:on March 18, 2022
1632:Kodao Productions
1406:MalacaƱang Palace
1368:Radyo Veritas 846
1362:Radyo Veritas 846
1031:Primitivo Mijares
900:associate editor
886:published by the
846:Philippine Herald
790:Roberto Benedicto
748:Juan Ponce Enrile
684:Radyo Veritas 846
631:underground press
615:Roberto Benedicto
562:
561:
81:Stonehill scandal
63:
62:
16:(Redirected from
5546:
5450:Maalaala Mo Kaya
5404:Sa Dulo ng Baril
5306:Forbidden Memory
5278:A Dangerous Life
5204:
5063:Political Films
5010:Bagong Pagsilang
4997:
4892:
4670:Henry A. Byroade
4633:Napoleon G. Rama
4542:Adrian Cristobal
4481:Hector Tarrazona
4414:Ramon A. Alcaraz
4366:Jose Maria Sison
4323:Bernabe Buscayno
4267:Gerardo Faustino
4262:Cristina Catalla
4203:Bonifacio Ilagan
4155:Nemesio Prudente
4036:Boboy Garrovillo
3977:Federico Escaler
3972:Francisco Claver
3938:Magnifico Osorio
3874:Calixto Zaldivar
3829:Eduardo Quintero
3809:Ambrosio Padilla
3746:Raul M. Gonzalez
3741:Neptali Gonzales
3679:Quintin Yuyitung
3581:Carlos P. Romulo
3576:Placido Mapa Jr.
3535:Arturo Tolentino
3420:Ferdinand Marcos
3410:
3129:Jabidah massacre
3043:
3036:
3029:
3020:
3013:
3008:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2964:
2956:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2863:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2840:. Archived from
2838:Official Gazette
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2810:. Archived from
2808:Official Gazette
2800:
2794:
2793:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2741:. Archived from
2739:Official Gazette
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2711:. Archived from
2709:Official Gazette
2701:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2681:Official Gazette
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2653:. Archived from
2651:Official Gazette
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2623:. Archived from
2621:Official Gazette
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2593:. Archived from
2591:Official Gazette
2583:
2577:
2576:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2485:. Archived from
2483:Official Gazette
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2456:. Archived from
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2355:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2262:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2188:. Archived from
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2026:. Archived from
2024:Official Gazette
2016:
2010:
2009:
1969:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1942:Official Gazette
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1860:
1854:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1831:. Archived from
1813:
1804:
1803:
1785:
1776:
1775:
1767:
1758:
1757:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1685:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1653:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1623:
1610:
1609:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1581:. Archived from
1571:
1562:
1561:
1556:. Archived from
1546:
1540:
1539:
1499:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1449:
1394:James Reuter, SJ
1384:James Reuter, SJ
1261:Maria Ceres Doyo
1245:Xerox journalism
1229:Leticia Magsanoc
1181:Taliba ng Bayan.
1007:Associated Press
910:Heherson Alvarez
884:The Communicator
855:Manila Chronicle
627:Taliba ng Bayan.
588:Ferdinand Marcos
554:
547:
540:
527:
522:
521:
510:
503:
340:4th inauguration
325:3rd inauguration
197:2nd Inauguration
162:1st Inauguration
59:
58:
57:
55:
54:Ferdinand Marcos
47:
46:
38:
31:
30:
27:
21:
5554:
5553:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5498:
5481:
5475:
5423:
5383:Oras de Peligro
5235:
5199:
5189:
5163:
5132:
5086:
5064:
5057:
4984:
4941:
4883:
4815:
4710:pressure groups
4709:
4703:
4680:George Hamilton
4658:
4652:
4648:Jose Mari Velez
4578:Amando Doronila
4563:Eugenia Apostol
4539:
4525:
4469:Jose T. Almonte
4433:Danilo Vizmanos
4426:Rogelio Morales
4398:
4392:
4318:Crispin Beltran
4282:
4272:Rizalina Ilagan
4233:Nestor Principe
4223:Armando Palabay
4198:Antonio Hilario
4188:Neri Colmenares
4183:Manuel Bautista
4178:Edgar Ang Sinco
4117:Celeste Legaspi
4022:Freddie Aguilar
4019:
4011:
4005:
3992:Orlando Quevedo
3982:Antonio Fortich
3918:Isabelo Magalit
3913:Inocencio Ipong
3888:Zacarias Agatep
3859:Wigberto TaƱada
3819:Vicente Paterno
3799:Ramon Mitra Jr.
3585:
3544:
3540:Nicanor YƱiguez
3487:JosƩ Yao Campos
3429:
3401:
3367:Marcos mansions
3348:
3289:Torture methods
3275:
3268:
3180:
3161:Diliman Commune
3156:Agrarian reform
3134:Manili massacre
3065:
3056:
3047:
3017:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2993:
2991:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2957:
2953:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2926:
2924:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2901:
2899:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2876:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2847:
2845:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2716:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2463:
2461:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2434:
2432:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2402:
2400:
2390:Washington Post
2383:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2358:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2330:Washington Post
2323:
2322:
2318:
2309:
2307:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2265:Tuazon, Ramon.
2264:
2263:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2219:
2217:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2195:
2193:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2122:Philippine Star
2113:
2112:
2108:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2080:
2078:
2071:GMA News Online
2065:
2064:
2060:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2033:
2031:
2018:
2017:
2013:
1971:
1970:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1922:
1920:
1918:GMA News Online
1911:
1910:
1906:
1897:
1895:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1873:
1871:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1852:Wayback Machine
1838:
1836:
1829:CNN Philippines
1815:
1814:
1807:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1726:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1698:
1696:
1687:
1686:
1675:
1666:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1645:
1636:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1613:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1573:
1572:
1565:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1520:10.2307/2755948
1508:Pacific Affairs
1501:
1500:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1414:
1390:
1380:
1364:
1359:
1327:
1319:Main articles:
1317:
1305:Macli-ing Dulag
1297:
1291:Macli-ing Dulag
1287:
1281:
1256:
1247:
1225:Eugenia Apostol
1196:
1168:
1163:
1150:
1148:The crony press
1139:
1128:
1117:
1106:
1066:
1058:
1000:self-censorship
996:Manila Bulletin
983:
977:
945:Francisco Tatad
906:Jose Mari Velez
820:Amando Doronila
806:
744:Francisco Tatad
739:
726:
714:
708:
657:Macli-ing Dulag
645:in 1977 and of
635:Catholic Church
558:
517:
504:
497:
493:Edifice complex
477:
432:
418:Marcos mansions
351:
350:
349:
315:
307:
306:
225:
217:
216:
180:
172:
171:
152:
90:
76:Military career
53:
51:
50:
49:
48:
44:
42:
41:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5552:
5550:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5511:
5510:
5504:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5485:
5483:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5473:
5466:
5459:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5436:Here Lies Love
5431:
5429:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5414:
5407:
5400:
5393:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5351:
5344:
5337:
5330:
5323:
5316:
5309:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5281:
5274:
5267:
5260:
5257:Barber's Tales
5253:
5245:
5243:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5221:
5216:
5210:
5208:
5201:
5200:historiography
5195:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5171:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5123:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5077:
5069:
5067:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5048:
5041:
5034:
5027:
5020:
5013:
5005:
5003:
4994:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4917:1987 elections
4914:
4909:
4904:
4898:
4896:
4889:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4877:
4875:Ortigas Center
4872:
4867:
4862:
4860:Fort Magsaysay
4857:
4855:Fort Bonifacio
4852:
4847:
4842:
4840:Clark Air Base
4837:
4832:
4830:Camp Aguinaldo
4827:
4825:
4821:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4806:Lakas ng Bayan
4799:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4713:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4643:Maximo Soliven
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4535:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4517:
4515:Rodolfo Biazon
4511:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4500:Fidel V. Ramos
4490:
4489:
4483:
4477:
4471:
4465:
4462:
4456:
4443:
4442:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4416:
4404:
4402:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4379:Benito Tiamzon
4376:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4361:Rolando Olalia
4358:
4353:
4348:
4346:Filemon Lagman
4343:
4338:
4337:Luis Jalandoni
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4303:Conrado Balweg
4300:
4298:Lean Alejandro
4295:
4293:Fidel Agcaoili
4290:
4288:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4218:Carol Pagaduan
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4173:Lean Alejandro
4162:
4160:Kidlat Tahimik
4157:
4152:
4147:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4072:Behn Cervantes
4069:
4064:
4059:
4057:Ishmael Bernal
4054:
4049:
4044:
4038:
4033:
4024:
4015:
4013:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3997:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3933:Pacifico Ortiz
3930:
3928:Violeta Marcos
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3789:Raul Manglapus
3786:
3784:Ernesto Maceda
3781:
3776:
3774:JosƩ B. Lingad
3771:
3766:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3736:Marcelo Fernan
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3696:Jacobo Amatong
3687:
3686:
3684:Rizal Yuyitung
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3595:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3566:Armand Fabella
3563:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3512:Roberto Ongpin
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3443:
3441:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3414:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3259:Snap elections
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3234:1981 elections
3231:
3226:
3221:
3219:1978 elections
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3141:1969 elections
3138:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3084:1965 elections
3081:
3075:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3023:
3015:
3014:
3000:
2972:
2951:
2933:
2908:
2883:
2855:
2825:
2795:
2756:
2726:
2693:
2668:
2638:
2608:
2578:
2539:
2500:
2470:
2441:
2424:. 1977-06-22.
2409:
2376:
2316:
2299:. 1974-03-01.
2284:
2252:
2226:
2211:"P.D. No. 191"
2202:
2166:
2135:
2106:
2088:
2058:
2040:
2011:
1959:
1929:
1904:
1880:
1855:
1821:Cabral, Alyana
1805:
1777:
1759:
1752:
1733:
1705:
1673:
1643:
1611:
1596:
1563:
1560:on 2017-07-08.
1541:
1514:(4): 472ā484.
1491:
1463:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1413:
1410:
1379:
1376:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1351:Jacobo Amatong
1325:Jacobo Amatong
1316:
1313:
1299:The murder of
1283:Main article:
1280:
1277:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1221:Business World
1195:
1192:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1041:Carmen Pedrosa
992:Bulletin Today
976:
973:
860:Maximo Soliven
805:
802:
738:
735:
725:
722:
707:
704:
611:Marcos cronies
560:
559:
557:
556:
549:
542:
534:
531:
530:
529:
528:
512:
511:
496:
495:
490:
476:
475:
473:Marcos in film
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
431:
430:
425:
420:
415:
402:
401:
395:
389:
383:
377:
371:
365:
348:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
316:
309:
308:
305:
304:
303:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
243:
242:
232:
226:
219:
218:
215:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
193:
192:
181:
174:
173:
170:
169:
164:
159:
153:
146:
145:
144:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
89:
88:
86:Prime Minister
83:
78:
73:
65:
64:
61:
60:
39:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5551:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5482:distortionism
5478:
5472:
5471:
5467:
5464:
5460:
5457:
5453:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5420:
5419:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5338:
5336:
5335:
5334:The Kingmaker
5331:
5329:
5328:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5264:Batas Militar
5261:
5259:
5258:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5238:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5202:
5196:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5166:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5060:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5042:
5039:
5035:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5021:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4927:UP-DND accord
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4890:
4886:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4845:Club Filipino
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4797:Liberal Party
4795:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4706:
4701:
4700:Ronald Reagan
4698:
4696:
4695:Paul Manafort
4693:
4691:
4690:Richard Lugar
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4655:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4618:Armando Malay
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4583:Ma Ceres Doyo
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4522:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4488:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4401:
4395:
4390:
4389:Antonio Zumel
4387:
4385:
4384:Wilma Tiamzon
4382:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4328:Victor Corpus
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4308:Lorena Barros
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4278:
4277:Jessica Sales
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4213:Joel Lamangan
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4193:Liliosa Hilao
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:Bibeth Orteza
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4087:Butch Dalisay
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4062:Noel Cabangon
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4008:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3967:
3966:Ricardo Vidal
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3908:Tullio Favali
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3849:Rene Saguisag
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:Vicente Jayme
3764:
3762:
3761:Evelio Javier
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3711:Cesar Climaco
3709:
3707:
3706:Jejomar Binay
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3571:Jaime C. Laya
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3561:Onofre Corpuz
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3425:Imelda Marcos
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3372:Marcos jewels
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3344:Beew massacre
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3319:Daet massacre
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3274:Human rights
3271:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3244:Negros famine
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3119:Moro conflict
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3044:
3039:
3037:
3032:
3030:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3012:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2990:on 2021-06-16
2989:
2985:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2968:
2962:
2954:
2948:
2944:
2937:
2934:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2909:
2898:
2894:
2887:
2884:
2873:
2869:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2760:
2757:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2501:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2460:on 2022-03-18
2459:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2380:
2377:
2372:
2365:
2360:|first2=
2353:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2317:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2192:on 2021-12-26
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2170:
2167:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2136:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2067:"Martial Law"
2062:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2030:on 2022-01-29
2029:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1905:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1835:on 2017-05-31
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1817:Mercado, Gabe
1812:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1753:9789004414556
1749:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1734:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1600:
1597:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1480:. Sep 1, 2007
1479:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1445:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1398:June Keithley
1395:
1389:
1388:June Keithley
1385:
1378:Radyo Bandido
1377:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1295:Ma Ceres Doyo
1292:
1286:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1253:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1219:(present-day
1218:
1217:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1075:Daily Express
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
988:Daily Express
982:
974:
972:
970:
966:
962:
957:
954:
953:Daily Express
950:
946:
942:
941:
936:
935:Hanna-Barbera
932:
921:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
902:Napoleon Rama
899:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
872:Ruben Cusipag
869:
865:
861:
857:
856:
851:
847:
843:
839:
838:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
812:
803:
801:
799:
795:
791:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
751:
749:
745:
736:
734:
731:
723:
721:
718:
713:
705:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
649:
644:
639:
636:
632:
628:
624:
619:
616:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
591:
589:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
555:
550:
548:
543:
541:
536:
535:
533:
532:
526:
516:
515:
514:
513:
509:
505:
502:
494:
491:
488:
484:
483:
482:
481:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
440:
439:
438:
437:
429:
426:
424:
423:Marcos jewels
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
410:
409:
408:
407:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
359:
358:
357:
356:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
335:1986 election
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:
301:
300:Protest music
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
277:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
241:
238:
237:
236:
233:
231:
228:
227:
224:
223:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
191:
188:
187:
186:
185:1969 election
183:
182:
179:
178:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
157:1965 election
155:
154:
151:
150:
142:
141:Moro conflict
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
98:
97:
96:
95:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
68:
67:
66:
56:
40:
37:
33:
32:
28:
19:
5524:Dictatorship
5468:
5448:
5434:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5339:
5332:
5325:
5318:
5311:
5304:
5297:
5290:
5283:
5276:
5271:Citizen Jake
5269:
5262:
5255:
5250:Ako si Ninoy
5248:
5125:
5118:
5111:
5104:
5097:
5079:
5072:
4946:Institutions
4790:
4789:
4714:
4675:Philip Habib
4628:Alex Orcullo
4593:Chit Estella
4556:
4555:
4536:
4530:
4492:
4491:
4475:Victor Batac
4445:
4444:
4405:
4400:Armed Forces
4351:Satur Ocampo
4313:Walden Bello
4238:Susan Quimpo
4208:Edgar Jopson
4164:
4163:
4132:Leah Navarro
4097:Nick Joaquin
4031:Danny Javier
4016:
4000:Jesus Varela
3961:Carlos Tayag
3948:James Reuter
3879:
3878:
3869:Haydee Yorac
3689:
3688:
3669:Jaime Ongpin
3647:
3646:
3596:
3556:Cesar Virata
3461:Romeo Espino
3062:
2992:. Retrieved
2988:the original
2983:
2975:
2942:
2936:
2925:. Retrieved
2921:
2911:
2900:. Retrieved
2897:INQUIRER.net
2896:
2886:
2875:. Retrieved
2871:
2846:. Retrieved
2842:the original
2837:
2828:
2816:. Retrieved
2812:the original
2807:
2798:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2747:. Retrieved
2743:the original
2738:
2729:
2717:. Retrieved
2713:the original
2708:
2684:. Retrieved
2680:
2671:
2659:. Retrieved
2655:the original
2650:
2641:
2629:. Retrieved
2625:the original
2620:
2611:
2599:. Retrieved
2595:the original
2590:
2581:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2520:(3): 39ā47.
2517:
2513:
2503:
2491:. Retrieved
2487:the original
2482:
2473:
2462:. Retrieved
2458:the original
2453:
2444:
2433:. Retrieved
2421:
2412:
2401:. Retrieved
2389:
2379:
2341:. Retrieved
2329:
2319:
2308:. Retrieved
2296:
2287:
2275:. Retrieved
2271:the original
2243:. Retrieved
2238:
2229:
2218:. Retrieved
2214:
2205:
2194:. Retrieved
2190:the original
2176:
2169:
2157:. Retrieved
2148:
2138:
2128:September 9,
2126:. Retrieved
2119:
2109:
2100:
2091:
2079:. Retrieved
2070:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2032:. Retrieved
2028:the original
2023:
2014:
1984:(3): 39ā47.
1981:
1977:
1950:. Retrieved
1946:the original
1941:
1932:
1921:. Retrieved
1917:
1907:
1896:. Retrieved
1892:
1883:
1872:. Retrieved
1868:
1858:
1837:. Retrieved
1833:the original
1828:
1790:
1771:
1742:
1736:
1725:. Retrieved
1721:
1697:. Retrieved
1693:
1665:. Retrieved
1661:
1635:. Retrieved
1631:
1605:
1599:
1587:. Retrieved
1583:the original
1578:
1558:the original
1553:
1544:
1511:
1507:
1482:. Retrieved
1475:
1466:
1457:
1447:
1396:and actress
1391:
1365:
1331:Alex Orcullo
1328:
1321:Alex Orcullo
1298:
1273:Ali Dimaporo
1257:
1248:
1238:
1232:
1220:
1216:Business Day
1214:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1177:Satur Ocampo
1175:(put out by
1172:
1169:
1155:Nick Joaquin
1151:
1088:Corporation.
1074:
1059:
1044:
1034:
1028:
1017:
1011:
1004:
991:
987:
984:
958:
952:
938:
927:
897:
896:
883:
879:
876:Evening News
875:
868:Luis Beltran
864:Manila Times
863:
853:
850:Manila Times
849:
845:
841:
835:
827:
824:Daily Mirror
823:
811:Manila Times
809:
807:
787:Marcos crony
752:
740:
727:
719:
715:
681:
673:Alex Orcullo
646:
640:
626:
622:
620:
608:
592:
564:
563:
498:
479:
478:
434:
433:
404:
403:
353:
352:
310:
271:
220:
175:
147:
126:Gintong Alay
92:
91:
5428:Other media
5229:individuals
5219:EDSA Shrine
5198:Legacy and
5185:Raised fist
5159:Never again
4685:Paul Laxalt
4568:David Bueno
4531:Journalists
4487:Billy Bibit
4438:Brig. Gen.
4333:Maita Gomez
4052:Lino Brocka
4041:Jim Paredes
3996:Felix Perez
3952:Rudy Romano
3466:Fidel Ramos
3354:Kleptocracy
3124:Sabah claim
3109:Vietnam War
2277:November 7,
2245:November 7,
2215:lawphil.net
1589:October 26,
940:Wacky Races
816:Chino Roces
671:journalist
663:; the 1982
596:electricity
577:Martial Law
573:declaration
569:Philippines
458:Solid North
295:Protest art
276:Resistance
262:Masagana 99
222:Martial law
212:Vietnam War
177:Second term
5513:Categories
5285:Dekada '70
5180:Laban sign
5106:Dekada '70
5091:Literature
4835:Camp Crame
4708:Political
4573:Joe Burgos
4557:Opposition
4537:Pro-Marcos
4412:Commodore
4371:Nilo Tayag
4107:Inang Laya
3471:Fabian Ver
3071:Background
2994:2021-03-04
2927:2022-10-09
2902:2022-10-26
2877:2022-10-26
2464:2022-03-18
2435:2022-04-15
2403:2022-04-15
2343:2022-04-15
2310:2022-04-15
2220:2022-04-15
2196:2022-04-11
2034:2022-04-15
1923:2022-10-09
1898:2022-10-05
1874:2022-10-06
1839:2022-04-11
1727:2022-04-11
1699:2019-01-28
1667:2022-08-15
1637:2022-08-15
1439:References
1382:See also:
1335:Davao City
1289:See also:
979:See also:
814:publisher
710:See also:
677:Davao City
600:telephones
400:(daughter)
394:(daughter)
388:(daughter)
285:Indigenous
272:Journalism
149:First term
111:Monopolies
94:Presidency
71:Early life
18:Joe Burgos
5463:Makinilya
4888:Aftermath
4824:Locations
4657:American
4498:Lt. Gen.
4112:Ricky Lee
4092:The Jerks
3903:Joe Dizon
3530:Lucio Tan
3439:Relatives
2961:cite book
2848:April 17,
2818:April 17,
2790:143398002
2776:(3): 43.
2749:April 17,
2719:April 17,
2686:April 17,
2661:April 17,
2631:April 17,
2601:April 17,
2573:143398002
2559:(3): 40.
2534:143398002
2493:April 17,
2430:0362-4331
2398:0190-8286
2352:cite news
2338:0190-8286
2305:0362-4331
2186:644320116
2006:143398002
1998:0306-4220
1952:April 15,
1800:644320116
1528:0030-851X
1096:products.
692:Jaime Sin
585:President
370:(brother)
280:Religious
5470:Voltes V
5456:Kalapati
5168:Gestures
5045:Tatsulok
5031:Magkaisa
5017:Bayan Ko
4902:Nepotism
3447:Rolex 12
3104:Cold War
2922:Bulatlat
2159:June 29,
2153:Archived
2075:Archived
1848:Archived
1662:Bulatlat
1484:March 2,
1412:See also
1339:Mindanao
1234:Inquirer
1211:Veritas,
1204:WE Forum
924:Express.
669:Mindanao
643:WE Forum
638:press.ā
613:such as
525:Category
380:Bongbong
368:Pacifico
364:(father)
247:Rolex 12
190:campaign
131:Timeline
5442:musical
5137:Slogans
3597:Leaders
3435:Cronies
2149:Rappler
2081:June 7,
1869:Rappler
1536:2755948
1402:DZRJ-AM
1303:leader
1301:Kalinga
1132:nature.
961:Meralco
888:Jesuits
874:of the
862:of the
834:of the
822:of the
783:ABS-CBN
779:Dagupan
655:leader
604:dragnet
567:in the
480:Related
362:Mariano
290:Workers
240:Torture
116:Cronies
106:Economy
5327:Katips
5320:Imelda
5292:Eskapo
5175:V sign
5081:Sakada
4895:Events
4865:Hawaii
4467:BGen.
4431:Capt.
4424:Capt.
3413:Regime
3406:People
3276:abuses
3186:Events
2949:
2788:
2571:
2532:
2428:
2396:
2336:
2303:
2184:
2004:
1996:
1798:
1750:
1534:
1526:
1143:death.
866:, and
842:Taliba
777:, and
659:; the
523:
443:Burial
436:Legacy
376:(wife)
374:Imelda
355:Family
5390:Pisay
5348:Liway
5241:Films
5001:Songs
4993:Media
4513:Col.
4485:Col.
4479:Col.
4473:Col.
4458:Col.
4418:Col.
2786:S2CID
2569:S2CID
2530:S2CID
2002:S2CID
1532:JSTOR
1460:(14).
931:KBS-9
775:Laoag
767:Davao
398:Aimee
392:Irene
382:(son)
45:about
4519:Lt.
4435:, PN
4428:, PN
3437:and
3052:and
2967:link
2947:ISBN
2850:2022
2820:2022
2751:2022
2721:2022
2688:2022
2663:2022
2633:2022
2603:2022
2495:2022
2426:ISSN
2394:ISSN
2371:link
2364:help
2334:ISSN
2301:ISSN
2279:2020
2247:2020
2182:OCLC
2161:2018
2130:2018
2120:The
2083:2018
1994:ISSN
1954:2022
1796:OCLC
1748:ISBN
1591:2018
1524:ISSN
1486:2018
1477:CMFR
1386:and
1323:and
1293:and
1237:and
1227:and
1206:and
1185:Ulos
1137:1981
1126:1980
1115:1974
1104:1973
1064:1972
1039:and
1016:and
990:and
965:PLDT
870:and
858:and
771:Cebu
757:and
686:and
625:and
453:Bust
386:Imee
2778:doi
2561:doi
2522:doi
1986:doi
1516:doi
1333:in
1231:'s
1223:);
1043:'s
1033:'s
937:'s
800:).
675:in
575:of
5515::
5465:")
5454:("
5376:ML
3003:^
2963:}}
2959:{{
2920:.
2895:.
2870:.
2858:^
2836:.
2806:.
2784:.
2772:.
2768:.
2737:.
2707:.
2696:^
2679:.
2649:.
2619:.
2589:.
2567:.
2555:.
2551:.
2528:.
2516:.
2512:.
2481:.
2452:.
2420:.
2392:.
2388:.
2356::
2354:}}
2350:{{
2332:.
2328:.
2295:.
2255:^
2237:.
2213:.
2151:.
2147:.
2118:.
2099:.
2073:.
2069:.
2051:.
2022:.
2000:.
1992:.
1980:.
1976:.
1962:^
1940:.
1916:.
1891:.
1867:.
1827:.
1823:.
1819:;
1808:^
1780:^
1762:^
1720:.
1708:^
1692:.
1676:^
1660:.
1646:^
1630:.
1614:^
1577:.
1566:^
1552:.
1530:.
1522:.
1512:47
1510:.
1506:.
1494:^
1474:.
1456:.
1241:.
1187:.
1052:.
971:.
963:,
916:)
830:,
773:,
769:,
750:.
694:,
679:.
598:,
5461:"
5458:"
5054:"
5050:"
5047:"
5043:"
5040:"
5036:"
5033:"
5029:"
5026:"
5022:"
5019:"
5015:"
5012:"
5008:"
4804:ā
4279:)
4260:(
4043:)
4029:(
4002:)
3473:)
3449:(
3042:e
3035:t
3028:v
2997:.
2969:)
2955:.
2930:.
2905:.
2880:.
2852:.
2822:.
2780::
2774:7
2753:.
2723:.
2690:.
2665:.
2635:.
2605:.
2563::
2557:7
2524::
2518:7
2497:.
2467:.
2438:.
2406:.
2373:)
2366:)
2346:.
2313:.
2281:.
2249:.
2223:.
2199:.
2163:.
2132:.
2103:.
2085:.
2055:.
2037:.
2008:.
1988::
1982:7
1956:.
1926:.
1901:.
1877:.
1842:.
1802:.
1774:.
1756:.
1730:.
1702:.
1670:.
1640:.
1593:.
1538:.
1518::
1488:.
1077:.
553:e
546:t
539:v
489:"
485:"
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
