320:
anymore. However, by this point his father had already found a second wife, and his brother had moved back in with them, with Joseph, Sr. lying to his wife, saying he only ever had one son. After his father and stepmother got into an argument that night, the following morning, James's father drove him to a retirement home a few towns away, saying they were on the way to visit a relative. Telling James to wait in the reception area, Joseph Sr. got back into his car and drove away. James would never come into contact with his mother, father, or younger brother again. Dresnok reported that after this, he left the building and stole $ 20, then stole a nearby unattended bicycle, eventually being caught by the police. After almost being sent to a
98:
130:
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415:"I was fed up with my childhood, my marriage, my military life, everything. I was finished. There's only one place to go," Dresnok said in an interview. "On August 15th, at noon, in broad daylight when everybody was eating lunch, I hit the road. Yes, I was afraid. Am I gonna live or die? And when I stepped into the minefield and I seen it with my own eyes, I started sweating. I crossed over, looking for my new life."
108:
911:. Ms Bumbea died in the DPRK and is survived by her two sons, Mr Ricardo Dresnock born in 1981 and Mr James Gabriel Dresnock, born in 1983, both of whom have been seen in several documentaries including "Crossing the line" (2006) and "Aim High in Creation" (2013). Ms Bumbea's family in Romania has been unable to have any contact with Ms Bumbea's sons despite their wish to.
431:. The men lived together and participated in several propaganda efforts on behalf of the North Korean government. They appeared on magazine covers and used loudspeakers to try to persuade more U.S. soldiers at the border to defect. They did not wish to remain in North Korea indefinitely at first. In 1966, the four men tried to leave North Korea by seeking asylum at the
563:. They had a son, Tony, in 2001. The family lived in a small apartment in Pyongyang, provided to them along with a monthly stipend by the North Korean government. Dresnok was in failing health, with a bad heart and liver (Dresnok described his liver as "full of fat"), which he attributed to smoking and drinking too much.
356:. He reported being treated harshly after "one minor offence", being forced to clean an armored truck with a toothbrush in sub-zero temperatures. He described it as the first thought he had of crossing into a communist country, although ultimately abandoned the idea at the time, saying that "if you went to the
499:
for two years while she remained in the U.S. He prided himself on "truly loving her and being loyal to her", but when he returned, he found out that she was already in another relationship. He was quoted as saying, "The good thing was that she did not get pregnant by me because I had promised that I
307:
The family was poor, and fought over money. At one point, Margaret
Dresnok fled with James and his younger brother, Joseph Jr., driving for hours, and the three would sleep in the car, essentially becoming homeless. Neither of the boys attended school during this period, and they wandered from place
335:
Dresnok would end up dropping out of high school, and joined the Army the day after his 17th birthday, believing it was one of the few opportunities available left for him. During a short-term leave period, he returned to
Richmond, Virginia and married Kathleen Ringwood, who he had met at church a
316:, after which Margaret lost custody of the children. Joseph Dresnok, Sr. sent the two to live with relatives, with James going to live with an aunt and his brother with an uncle. He stated that his aunt was "annoyed" to be forced to raise her brother's child, and he would run away from home often.
319:
Joseph and
Margaret Dresnok divorced on July 10, 1951, in Richmond, Virginia. Dresnok's father initiated the divorce action, claiming that Dresnok's mother was "legally married to another." Eventually, James's aunt returned him to his father's house in Pennsylvania, unwilling to deal with him
476:
of the 1990s, he was always given his full food ration by the government. "Why? Why do they let their own people starve to death to feed an
American?" he asked. "The Great Leader has given us a special solicitude. The government is going to take care of me until my dying day."
345:
393:
Having lost hope for his life and future and being unwilling to face punishment, on August 15, 1962, three hours before he was due to meet with
Captain Thomas Bryan regarding the court martial, while his fellow soldiers were eating lunch, he ran across a
592:
Dresnok stated that he intended to spend the rest of his life in North Korea, and no amount of money could have enticed him to move back to the West. Dresnok retired and occasionally gave lectures in North Korea and went fishing "just to pass the time."
903:
Ms Dona Bumbea disappeared from Italy in 1978 and is believed to have been lured to the DPRK. Ms Bumbea had been studying art in Italy at the time when she met an
Italian man claiming to be an art dealer, who convinced her to hold an exhibition in
377:
between North and South Korea in the early 1960s. Depressed and having lost any hope for a future outside the army, Dresnok began spending all his military earnings on prostitutes and alcohol. Soon after his arrival, he found himself facing a
44:
360:
they interrogated you and sent you back." After returning to the United States and finding out that his wife had cheated and left him for another man, he filed divorce papers at the request of his wife, and he re-enlisted and was sent to
588:
in the US Army. Both the younger James and the older Ted
Dresnok are now married and they also have children of their own in North Korea. Like their father, they have also appeared as villainous Americans in North Korean films.
1694:
535:
and seeing one of
Dresnok's sons, Bumbea's brother stated he bore a startling resemblance to his missing sister. According to Jenkins' book, Bumbea was abducted in order to be the wife of one of the American deserters. The
463:, Jenkins claims that Dresnok was a bully, betraying the other Americans' confidences to the North Koreans, and beating up Jenkins on 30 or more occasions on the orders of their Korean handlers. In the documentary
1378:
1664:
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448:(as an American villain called "Arthur Cockstud"), and he became a celebrity in the country as a result. He was called "Arthur" by his North Korean friends, after the name of his character in
1724:
500:
would never abandon my children." However, they remained married until after his defection in 1962. She filed for divorce the next year, citing "willful desertion" on his part as grounds.
716:
694:
1686:
1435:
908:. The two travelled to Pyongyang en-route to Hong Kong at which point the Italian disappeared. Ms Bumbea was kept in the DPRK and "given" to American army deserter Mr Dresnock
1023:
1845:
898:
1865:
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in the 1980s. James speaks
English with a Korean accent and considers himself Korean but he reportedly did not wish to marry a Korean woman. James joined the
1885:
1840:
945:
1855:
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511:(referred to as "Dona" in Jenkins' autobiography), with whom he had two sons, Theodore "Ted" Ricardo Dresnok (born 1980) and James Gabriel Dresnok (born
1778:
1459:
274:
but was also referred to as "James" or "Jim" Dresnok in media reports. He was known by most North
Koreans as "Arthur", from his role in the miniseries
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435:
embassy in Pyongyang, but the embassy immediately turned them over to North Korean authorities. After that, Dresnok decided to settle in North Korea.
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520:
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841:
567:
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Report of the detailed findings of the commission of inquiry on human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea - A/HRC/25/CRP.1
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as an art student when she vanished, after telling people that she had met a man who promised to help arrange exhibitions of her art in
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After Bumbea's death, Dresnok married his third wife, identified by Jenkins as "Dada", the daughter of a North Korean woman and a
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for forging his sergeant's signatures on paperwork that gave him permission to leave the base, which ultimately led to his going
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312:. She would often drink in bars at night, while leaving the boys in the car. Their family eventually tracked them down in
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in North Korean territory, where he was quickly apprehended by North Korean soldiers. Dresnok was taken by train to
253:
on January 28, 2007, as the last U.S. defector alive in North Korea. He was also the subject of a documentary film,
1309:
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reported that Dresnok had died the previous year. In August 2017, Dresnok's sons confirmed that he had died of a
545:
374:
332:, under the care of Presbyterian minister Carson T. Overstreet and his wife, Marguarite, where he felt welcomed.
1402:
1075:
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304:, New Jersey. Joseph Dresnok, Sr. served in the United States Army from November 23, 1937, until May 29, 1940.
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519:, but some accounts say that she never worked there and was in fact an abductee who had been taken by the
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423:, another U.S. defector, soon after his arrival. Eventually there were four of them: Dresnok, Abshier,
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in November 2016. They released a statement saying that their father told them to remain loyal to
296:, North Carolina, on May 3, 1941. Joseph Dresnok Sr. (1917–1978) was born on February 3, 1917, in
1591:
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974:
770:
667:
135:
1275:
The Reluctant Communist: My Desertion, Court-Martial, and Forty-Year Imprisonment in North Korea
472:
Dresnok asserts that "because of the sanctions of the U.S. Government and Japanese", during the
386:(absent without leave). At the time, he was stationed around 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of
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Dresnok was married twice more after defecting to North Korea. His second marriage was to a
1786:
1481:
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1687:"A U.S. soldier who defected to North Korea in 1962 has died, his Pyongyang-born sons say"
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1082:
1006:
954:
949:
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232:
213:
1717:"Sons of US defector to North Korea James Dresnok speak out after father's death – video"
1321:
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Classic North Korean film about and starring US defectors has been converted into colour
1214:
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292:, to Joseph Dresnok Sr. and Margaret Lucille Dresnok (née Mizelle), who were married in
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1530:"Japonia mizează pe ajutorul României, în relaţia cu Phenianul pe tema răpirilor"
495:, Dresnok explains that after getting married at a young age, he was deployed in
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His younger son from his second marriage, James Dresnok, was a student at the
249:
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1657:"Sons confirm death of US soldier James Dresnok, who defected to North Korea"
1612:
1305:"North Korea Documentary About a US Army soldier who defected to North Korea"
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1556:
905:
760:
504:
403:
395:
240:
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84:
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1379:"An American GI defected to North Korea. Now his sons are propaganda stars"
763:(1957–2004), an American who was born in South Korea, deserted in June 1979
43:
17:
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71:
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In December 1959, Dresnok married Kathleen Ringwood, a 19-year-old from
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1028:
602:
549:
387:
313:
196:
177:
A daughter of a North Korean woman and a Togolese diplomat (2001–2016)
1322:"An American in North Korea, Pledging Allegiance to the Great Leader"
1024:"Jim Dresnok, American who defected to N.Korea in 1962, died in 2016"
970:"An American in North Korea, Pledging Allegiance to the Great Leader"
613:
and they also stated that the US would be destroyed if it launched a
606:
308:
to place with their mother while she attempted to earn money through
1811:"Jim Dresnok, American who defected to N.Korea in 1962, died in 2016
793:
Virginia, Birth Records, 1912–2014, Delayed Birth Records, 1854–1911
724:
580:
524:
343:
200:
1403:"N. Korea kidnap victim's brother wants Pyongyang to come clean"
719:: the 21 Americans and 1 Briton who refused repatriation during
528:
383:
224:
to North Korea, one of seven U.S. soldiers to defect after the
244:
544:
had requested an explanation for Bumbea's abduction from the
1124:
North Korea Undercover: Inside the World's Most Secret State
1062:
James Dresnok: The US Soldier Who Defected to North Korea
923:
World Documentary Competition, “Crossing the Line” (2006)
1613:"The Australian who shot a North Korean propaganda film"
717:
List of American and British defectors in the Korean War
695:
List of American and British defectors in the Korean War
352:
Dresnok's first military service was two years spent in
48:
Dresnok in his U.S. Army uniform, prior to his defection
932:
2007 Sundance Film Festival. Accessed January 28, 2007.
840:
Anderson, Robert G.; Morgan, Casey (January 28, 2007).
1592:"민족통신, 미국인 조선공민과 특별대담 -54년전 3.8선 넘어온 미국 병사의 두자녀는 말한다-"
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
220:, November 24, 1941 – November 2016) was an American
1227:
1225:
1223:
795:; Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, Virginia.
578:
in 2014, and in 2016 he reportedly held the rank of
192:
184:
161:
151:
143:
120:
91:
78:
61:
53:
34:
1272:
523:. According to Bumbea's family, she was living in
1065:. Biographics. July 22, 2019 – via YouTube.
452:. He also translated some of North Korean leader
1586:
1584:
806:"The Americans Who Chose To Live in North Korea"
1782:: US defector says he is happier in North Korea
1482:“Romanian brother of Pyongyang abductee visits”
1017:
1015:
757:, deserted on January 5, 1965, at the age of 24
300:, Pennsylvania, and died on March 16, 1978, in
231:After defecting, Dresnok worked as an actor in
1767:The Americans Who Chose To Live in North Korea
1457:"Romanian Woman Kidnapped by N. Korea in 1978"
958:, November 4, 2004. Accessed January 28, 2007.
406:, the North Korean capital, and interrogated.
1497:, April 21, 2007. Accessed November 13, 2010.
1472:, March 22, 2007. Accessed November 13, 2010.
601:In April 2017, the Western news organization
469:, Dresnok vehemently denied the allegations.
8:
747:, deserted in December 1963 at the age of 19
263:and Nicholas Bonner, which was shown at the
1806:"The Dear Leader Takes Care of Me" 9-9-2008
1787:CBS: Defector Won’t Leave N. Korea For $ 1B
1428:"Political kidnappings, North Korean style"
773:, deserted in August 1982 at the age of 20.
584:, a rank that is equivalent to the rank of
1551:
1549:
1547:
1279:. University of California Press. p.
1263:
1261:
1189:McMichael, William H. (January 18, 1996).
1009:, IMDb profile. Accessed January 28, 2007.
438:Beginning in 1978, he was cast in several
42:
31:
1846:Military personnel from Norfolk, Virginia
1774:The World: Crossing the line audio report
1663:. Agence France-Presse. August 21, 2017.
1191:"PENTAGON: SOLDIERS RAN OFF TO N. KOREA"
1000:Full Cast and Crew for Crossing the Line
901:from the original on February 27, 2014,
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
1518:from the original on February 27, 2012.
788:
786:
782:
737:, deserted in May 1962 at the age of 19
568:Pyongyang University of Foreign Studies
548:. However, no response was provided to
515:1982). Bumbea supposedly worked at the
1866:Prisoners and detainees of North Korea
1540:from the original on February 9, 2011.
1334:from the original on January 25, 2016.
812:from the original on December 7, 2016.
442:, including one episode of the series
1871:20th-century North Korean male actors
1611:Broinowski, Anna (January 21, 2016).
1345:Virginia, Marriage Records, 1936-2014
1246:from the original on February 8, 2007
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
82:November 2016 (aged 74–75)
7:
1697:from the original on August 21, 2017
1667:from the original on August 21, 2017
1625:from the original on April 23, 2017.
1438:from the original on August 22, 2017
1426:Cain, Geoffrey (December 26, 2014).
1356:Virginia, Divorce Records, 1918-2014
1157:"'The Dear Leader takes care of me'"
1886:Naturalized citizens of North Korea
1841:American expatriates in North Korea
1569:from the original on April 27, 2021
1232:Spiller, Penny (January 23, 2007).
895:United Nations Human Rights Council
1856:Male actors from Norfolk, Virginia
1792:CBS: N. Korea’s Last U.S. Defector
1217:, Koryogroup.com, December 6, 2018
1155:Seddon, Mark (September 8, 2008).
1022:O'Carroll, Chad (April 10, 2017).
968:Russell, Mark (October 19, 2006),
270:Dresnok most often called himself
25:
1881:Korean people of American descent
1727:from the original on May 20, 2018
1234:"Last US defector in North Korea"
1095:Swift, Earl (September 8, 2004).
540:'s website says that in 2007 the
538:Romanian Foreign Affairs Ministry
1411:. March 17, 2014. Archived from
897:, pp. 306 (Paragraph 973),
674:
660:
128:
106:
96:
27:American defector to North Korea
1508:"Ministerul Afacerilor Externe"
723:in 1953 (in order to remain in
239:, and as an English teacher in
1127:. Pegasus Books. p. 123.
711:Other defectors to North Korea
1:
1851:North Korean male film actors
512:
168:Kathleen Ringwood (1959–1962)
842:"An American in North Korea"
552:. Bumbea reportedly died of
1861:United States Army soldiers
1085:; Thursday January 18, 1996
1076:Man Hopes His Brother Alive
755:Rich Square, North Carolina
521:North Korean secret service
481:Personal life and marriages
265:2007 Sundance Film Festival
1902:
948:September 4, 2007, at the
456:'s writings into English.
324:, Dresnok was placed in a
1271:; Frederick, Jim (2008).
1081:February 5, 2007, at the
375:Korean Demilitarized Zone
243:. He was featured on the
217:
103:United States (1958–1962)
41:
1747:From 5 p.m. to 5 am
690:Americans in North Korea
348:US Army photo of Dresnok
259:, by British filmmakers
1269:Jenkins, Charles Robert
1005:March 14, 2007, at the
546:North Korean government
461:The Reluctant Communist
398:in broad daylight into
1462:June 22, 2011, at the
1415:on September 10, 2014.
1121:Sweeney, John (2015).
928:March 4, 2007, at the
751:Charles Robert Jenkins
705:South Korean defectors
700:North Korean defectors
429:Charles Robert Jenkins
417:
349:
322:youth detention center
1876:People from Pyongyang
1536:. December 28, 2015.
877:Kirby, Michael Donald
745:Morganfield, Kentucky
639:From 5 p.m. to 5 a.m.
617:against North Korea.
576:North Korean military
413:
347:
144:Years of service
1330:. October 19, 2006.
887:(February 7, 2014),
721:Operation Big Switch
682:United States portal
371:1st Cavalry Division
336:short time earlier.
330:Glen Allen, Virginia
288:Dresnok was born in
210:James Joseph Dresnok
147:1958–1962 (defected)
36:James Joseph Dresnok
1723:. August 21, 2017.
1693:. August 21, 2017.
1691:The Washington Post
1384:The Washington Post
982:on January 25, 2016
741:Jerry Wayne Parrish
731:Larry Allen Abshier
570:, where his father
542:Romanian Government
474:North Korean famine
421:Larry Allen Abshier
410:Life in North Korea
367:private first class
235:, some directed by
156:Private first class
1836:American defectors
1487:July 17, 2012, at
1327:The New York Times
1036:on April 10, 2017.
975:The New York Times
943:"In from the Cold"
852:on August 10, 2007
771:St Louis, Missouri
668:North Korea portal
440:North Korean films
350:
136:United States Army
1801:Crossing the Line
885:Darusman, Marzuki
769:(1961–1985) from
753:(1940–2017) from
743:(1944–1996) from
733:(1943–1983) from
646:Crossing the Line
615:preemptive strike
561:Togolese diplomat
533:Crossing the Line
492:Crossing the Line
466:Crossing the Line
290:Norfolk, Virginia
256:Crossing the Line
247:magazine program
207:
206:
65:November 24, 1941
16:(Redirected from
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1391:on June 4, 2017.
1387:. Archived from
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1032:. Archived from
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978:, archived from
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941:Frederick, Jim;
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848:. Archived from
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735:Urbana, Illinois
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531:. After viewing
517:Romanian Embassy
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233:propaganda films
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986:January 28,
621:Filmography
611:Kim Jong Un
554:lung cancer
454:Kim Il Sung
400:Kijong-dong
365:. He was a
363:South Korea
326:foster home
294:South Mills
272:Joe Dresnok
237:Kim Jong Il
138:(1958–1962)
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54:Nickname(s)
18:Joe Dresnok
1820:Categories
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856:August 21,
846:60 Minutes
778:References
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226:Korean War
92:Allegiance
1780:Telegraph
1557:"Dresnok"
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761:Roy Chung
556:in 1997.
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369:with the
340:Defection
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222:defector
185:Children
121:Service/
72:Virginia
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808:. BBC.
603:NK News
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314:Atlanta
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197:Teacher
68:Norfolk
1797:Review
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1285:ISBN
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