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for four days, staying as his houseguest. Atanasoff and
Mauchly discussed the prototype ABC, examined it, and reviewed Atanasoff's design manuscript. In 1941 Atanasoff left Iowa State for a wartime assignment as Chief of the Acoustic Division with the
366:. Young Atanasoff's ambitions and intellectual pursuits were in part influenced by his parents, whose interests in the natural and applied sciences cultivated in him a sense of critical curiosity and confidence. At the age of nine, he learned to use a
632:. Atanasoff was put in charge of the project, and he asked Mauchly to help with job descriptions for the necessary staff. However, Atanasoff was also given the responsibility of designing acoustic systems for monitoring
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The first electronic digital computer working on a binary code and using mathematical logic had been created in 1937-1942 by the
American physicist of the Irish-Bulgarian origin John Vincent Atanasoff (1903-1995.)
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which he operated for 20 years. He developed a phonetic alphabet for computers during this period of his life. He was gradually drawn into the legal disputes being contested by the fast-growing computer companies
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During his variegated life, Atanasoff met and married a teacher of
Mathematics, called Iva, with Irish and French blood in her veins. His wife bore eight children, one of whom was christened by his mother John –
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in
Philadelphia, where Mauchly was demonstrating his "harmonic analyzer", an analog calculator for analysis of weather data. Atanasoff told Mauchly about his new digital device and invited him to see it.
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for analyzing surface geometry. At this point, he was pushing the boundaries of what gears could do and the fine mechanical tolerance required for good accuracy pushed him to consider digital solutions.
762:, and was warmly welcomed by the locals and his father's relatives. He was made an honorable citizen of the town of Yambol, and received the "Key of the Town". He was also given various titles by the
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521:, which was the best tool available to him while he was writing his doctoral thesis, Atanasoff began to search for faster methods of computation. At Iowa State, Atanasoff researched the use of
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Mauchly visited
Atanasoff multiple times in Washington during 1943 and discussed computing theories, but did not mention that he was working on a computer project himself until early 1944.
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My mother (she is still alive, at 89 years of age) is a typical
American with a mixture of Irish, English and French blood, so that the Bulgarian language was never spoken in our house
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found that "Eckert and
Mauchly did not themselves first invent the automatic electronic digital computer, but instead derived that subject matter from one Dr. John Vincent Atanasoff".
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548:(ABC) was prototyped by November of that year. According to Atanasoff, several operative principles of the ABC were conceived by him during the winter of 1938 after a drive to
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347:. In 1889, Ivan immigrated to the United States with his uncle. John's father later became an electrical engineer, whereas his mother, Iva Lucena Purdy (of mixed
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Between 1954 and 1973, Atanasoff was a witness in the legal actions brought by various parties to invalidate electronic computing patents issued to
Mauchly and
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in July 1946. By the time he returned from the testing the NOL computer project was shut down due to lack of progress, again on the advice of von
Neumann.
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patent on a revolving magnetic memory drum, having been alerted by
Clifford Berry that the ABC's revolving capacitor memory drum may have constituted
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735:, Atanasoff was warmly honored by Iowa State College, which had since become Iowa State University, and more awards followed.
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Proceedings of the 4th international conference conference on Computer systems and technologies e-Learning - CompSysTech '03
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lawsuit ruled that Atanasoff was the inventor of the computer. His special-purpose machine has come to be called the
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The John Atanasoff Bulgarian national tournament in informatics and information technologies, held in the city of
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Boyanov, Kiril Lubenov (2003). "John Vincent Atanasoff: The inventor of the first electronic digital computing".
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for scientific problems, with which controlled the Monroe using the output of an IBM. In 1936 he invented an
343:. While Ivan Atanasov was still an infant, his own father was killed by Ottoman soldiers after the Bulgarian
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1345:. For more see: Dimitar Shishko (2001) John Atanasoff: The Father of the Computer, Tangra TanNakRa, p. 59,
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866:
794:, First Class, Bulgaria's highest scientific honor bestowed to him in 1970, before the 1973 court ruling.
618:(NOL) in Washington, D.C. No patent application for the ABC was subsequently filed by Iowa State College.
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Corporation in 1956 and becoming Aerojet's Atlantic Division president. He retired from Aerojet in 1961.
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1324:(2003) John Atanasoff: The Electronic Prometheus, St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, Sofia, p. 57,
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1438:"Prof. Kiril Boyanov. John Vincent Atanasoff – The Inventor of the First Electronic Digital Computing"
651:. Atanasoff agreed to assist the attorney, but IBM ultimately entered a patent-sharing agreement with
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twice, in 1975 and 1985. He visited Boyadzhik village, where his grandfather had been shot by the
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For more see: Mikhail Mikhailov (2005) Key to the Vedas, Belarusian Information Center, p. 62,
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1122:. Vol. 1 (A-K) (49th ed.). New Providence, NJ: Marquis Who's Who. 1994. p. 129.
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305:(now known as Iowa State University). Challenges to his claim were resolved in 1973 when the
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With a grant of $ 650 received in September 1939 and the assistance of his graduate student
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707:. In 1952 he founded and led the Ordnance Engineering Corporation, selling the company to
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to an electrical engineer and a school teacher. Atanasoff's father, Ivan Atanasov, was of
2200:; Alice R. Burks (October 1981). "The ENIAC: First General-Purpose Electronic Computer".
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Atanasoff, John V. (July–September 1984). "Advent of the Electronic Digital Computing".
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2004:
1497:"The Inventor of the Electronic Computer--The Cosmos Club Member Who Changed Our World"
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805:, the highest U.S. honor conferred for achievements related to technological progress.
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asteroid found at the Bulgarian astronomic observatory of Rozen, was named after him.
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In June 1954 IBM patent attorney A. J. Etienne sought Atanasoff's help in breaking an
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The Man Who Invented the Computer: The Biography of John Atanasoff, Digital Pioneer
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692:
683:, a federal judge named Atanasoff the inventor of the electronic digital computer.
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2118:"John Vincent Atanasoff—His Place in the History of Computer Logic and Technology"
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Atanasoff, John V. (1985). "The Beginning". Sofia: Narodna Mladezh Publishers.
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tests. That job was made the priority, and he participated in the testing at
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2340:(April–June 2001). "The Computer Project at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory".
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John Atanasoff Professional High School of Economic Informatics, Targovishte
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at his home after a lengthy illness. He is buried in Pine Grove Cemetery in
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655:, the owners of the Eckert–Mauchly memory patent, and the case was dropped.
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in two years. In 1925, Atanasoff received his Bachelor of Science degree in
371:
332:
290:
2178:
Who Invented The Computer?: The Legal Battle that Changed Computing History
1470:"Honoring Dr. John Atanasoff on the One Hundredth Anniversary of His Birth"
301:. Atanasoff invented the first electronic digital computer in the 1930s at
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Revolutionaries: The Man Who Invented the Computer with Author Jane Smiley
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The John Atanasoff Professional High School of Electronics in the city of
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1930:"John Atanasoff University Student Computer Club, Plovdiv University"
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The John Atanasoff Professional High School of Economic Informatics,
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Atanasoff's first national award for scientific achievements was the
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John Atanasoff Professional High School of Electronics, Stara Zagora
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In 1960 Atanasoff and his wife Alice moved to their hilltop farm in
417:. Upon completion of his doctorate, Atanasoff accepted an assistant
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to a young Bulgarian for achievements in the field of computer and
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766:. The John Atanasov prize is awarded every year in Bulgaria. The
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Atanasoff remained with the government and developed specialized
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Atanasoff was deposed and testified at trial in the later action
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The John Atanasoff Bulgarian Language School, Chicago, Illinois,
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memory that operated by a process similar to that used today in
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1871:"John Atanasoff Professional Technical High School, Kyustendil"
1768:"John Atanasoff Professional High School of Electronics, Sofia"
845:, Bulgaria (1985; Atanasoff's father was born in Yambol region)
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The John Atanasoff Professional High School of Electronics in
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The John Atanasoff Technical College in the Bulgarian city of
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had decided to build a large-scale computer, on the advice of
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31:
2233:. Sofia, Bulgaria: Tangra TanNakRa Publishing. p. 271.
1869:Страницата е генерирана за 0.55 сек. на 08.02.2014 02:54.
1852:"ยืนยัน otp รับเครดิตฟรี50 ไม่ต้องแชร์ – Official Website"
718:
for their retirement. In 1961 he started another company,
2156:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: The University of Michigan Press.
1947:
401:. He completed his formal education in 1930 by earning a
1855:
1267:"John V. Atanasoff, 91, Dies; Early Computer Researcher"
945:
Village, Bulgaria (the birthplace of Atanasoff's father)
958:
The John Atanasoff Professional Technical High School,
738:
Atanasoff died at the age of 91 on June 15, 1995, of a
571:(CPU), but was designed as an electronic device using
1174:"John Vincent Atanasoff - the father of the computer"
975:
The John Atanasoff University Student Computer Club,
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Foreign members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
3675:
University of Florida College of Engineering alumni
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
517:Partly due to the drudgery of using the mechanical
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62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2152:The First Electronic Computer: The Atanasoff Story
2149:
2003:
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575:for digital computation. It also had regenerative
289:(October 4, 1903 – June 15, 1995) was an American
817:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
808:Other distinctions awarded to Atanasoff include:
509:1997 replica of the Atanasoff–Berry Computer at
3660:Mulberry High School (Mulberry, Florida) alumni
2261:(March 1987). "The First Electronic Computer".
948:Prof. John Atanasoff 4th Primary School, Sofia
3048:
2588:
2457:(video). National Cable Satellite Corporation
731:and Sperry Rand. Following the resolution of
297:credited with inventing the first electronic
8:
1474:Congressional Record – Extensions of Remarks
675:, which were owned by computer manufacturer
374:, and subsequently completed high school at
2010:. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.
2006:Atanasoff: Forgotten Father of the Computer
1891:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1839:Prof. John Atanasoff Primary School, Sofia.
828:Computing Appreciation Award, EDUCOM (1985)
555:The key ideas employed in the ABC included
473:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1615:"SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer entry"
1432:
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823:Order of the People's Republic of Bulgaria
803:United States National Medal of Technology
609:In June 1941 Mauchly visited Atanasoff in
323:Atanasoff was born on October 4, 1903, in
151:
135:
2099:Learn how and when to remove this message
1948:"John Atanasoff Street, Yambol addressee"
1564:
1562:
1285:
885:The John Atanasoff Award, established by
493:Learn how and when to remove this message
421:at Iowa State College in mathematics and
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
3312:Iowa State–Kansas State football rivalry
2555:Works by or about John Vincent Atanasoff
2062:This article includes a list of general
1970:"John Atanasoff Street, Sofia addressee"
1906:John Atanasoff Bulgarian Language School
1707:Bestowing the 2005 John Atanasoff Award.
1657:
1590:"Kenneth Quinn presented the Iowa Award"
951:The John Atanasoff Private High School,
3665:National Medal of Technology recipients
2342:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
2202:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
2182:. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books.
1814:"John Atanasoff Chitalishte, Boyadzhik"
1637:"Minor Planet Names: Alphabetical List"
1476:. October 30, 2003. pp. E2159–2160
1105:
999:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
982:John Atanasoff Street, Yambol, Bulgaria
331:origin, born in 1876 in the village of
3680:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
1884:
1450:from the original on February 21, 2014
1260:
1058:(Bulgarian version of his 1984 paper).
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1038:
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889:in 2003 and bestowed annually by the
27:American computer pioneer (1903–1995)
7:
3625:American people of Bulgarian descent
3317:Iowa State–Missouri football rivalry
2431:(video). Mountain View, California:
2292:Mackintosh, Allan R. (August 1988).
1265:Walter R. Baranger (June 17, 1995).
1069:List of pioneers in computer science
601:at the December 1940 meeting of the
471:adding citations to reliable sources
60:adding citations to reliable sources
3685:Deaths from cerebrovascular disease
3461:Spacecraft Systems and Controls Lab
2703:Quantum computing and communication
2447:Kang, Cecilia (November 18, 2010).
1787:"John Atanasoff Chitalishte, Sofia"
792:Order of Saints Cyril and Methodius
370:, followed shortly by the study of
240:Order of Saints Cyril and Methodius
2068:it lacks sufficient corresponding
1737:The 7th John Atanasoff Tournament.
1413:"Minor Planet Center, object 3546"
938:(community cultural centre), Sofia
25:
3630:American people of French descent
2517:Atanasoff, Father of the Computer
2477:Parashkevov, Atanas (June 1995).
2419:Hollar, John (January 27, 2011).
2318:10.1038/scientificamerican0888-90
1739:Darik News website (in Bulgarian)
1617:. Data.aad.gov.au. March 15, 2002
664:. In that case's decision, Judge
415:The Dielectric Constant of Helium
3635:American people of Irish descent
3615:20th-century American physicists
2053:
2027:Dictionary of Minor Planet Names
1972:. Mall.neogen.bg. Archived from
1816:. Chitalishte.bg. Archived from
1789:. Chitalishte.bg. Archived from
1726:John Atanasoff Technical College
941:The John Atanasoff Chitalishte,
815:Computer Pioneer Medal from the
443:
36:
3620:20th-century American inventors
411:University of Wisconsin–Madison
220:University of Wisconsin–Madison
47:needs additional citations for
1716:Iowa State University website.
1152:Invitation to Computer Science
812:Cosmos Club membership (1957)
782:Monument to John Atanasoff in
389:He continued his education at
1:
3670:People from Mulberry, Florida
3655:Iowa State University faculty
2721:Free and open-source software
2541:Mathematics Genealogy Project
2479:"John V. Atanasoff: Obituary"
2398:– via Internet Archive.
2020:– via Internet Archive.
1588:Boshart, Rod (May 30, 2014).
1388:"Biography of John Atanasoff"
1139:– via Internet Archive.
910:Technical University of Sofia
833:Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
764:Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
565:simultaneous linear equations
435:History of computing hardware
3650:Iowa State University alumni
3263:Veenker Memorial Golf Course
2450:After Words with Jane Smiley
1670:National Military University
1200:Kiplinger's Personal Finance
985:John Atanasoff Street, Sofia
355:ancestry), was a teacher of
3118:Liberal Arts & Sciences
2483:Virtual Museum of Computing
1569:Yambol Province Government.
3701:
3535:Notable alumni and faculty
3390:Enrollment Services Center
2758:Virtualization development
2294:"Dr. Atanasoff's Computer"
2025:Schmadel, Lutz D. (2000).
679:. In the 1973 decision of
590:
432:
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2029:. Springer-Verlag Telos.
1675:January 10, 2008, at the
1120:Who's Who in America 1995
1115:"Atanasoff, John Vincent"
616:Naval Ordnance Laboratory
275:
246:
150:
3550:George Washington Carver
3456:Honeywell v. Sperry Rand
3446:Atanasoff–Berry computer
3293:Iowa Corn Cy-Hawk Series
2240:"John Vincent Atanasoff"
2229:Burton, Tammara (2006).
1754:January 4, 2008, at the
895:information technologies
733:Honeywell v. Sperry Rand
681:Honeywell v. Sperry Rand
661:Honeywell v. Sperry Rand
593:Honeywell v. Sperry Rand
546:Atanasoff–Berry Computer
362:Atanasoff was raised in
319:Early life and education
313:Atanasoff–Berry Computer
308:Honeywell v. Sperry Rand
230:Atanasoff–Berry Computer
71:"John Vincent Atanasoff"
2683:Artificial intelligence
2433:Computer History Museum
2354:10.1109/MAHC.2001.10002
2214:10.1109/MAHC.1981.10043
2083:more precise citations.
1495:Loevinger, Vee (1996).
1012:10.1109/MAHC.1984.10028
774:Honors and distinctions
569:central processing unit
525:Monroe calculators and
513:, Iowa State University
3545:John Vincent Atanasoff
2812:John Vincent Atanasoff
2604:Timelines of computing
2564:John Vincent Atanasoff
2537:John Vincent Atanasoff
2527:John Vincent Atanasoff
2489:on September 17, 2009.
1873:. Schools.pomagalo.com
1712:June 13, 2008, at the
1690:"John Atanasoff Award"
1679:Website (in Bulgarian)
1578:Website (in Bulgarian)
1574:June 11, 2008, at the
1048:Cite journal requires
867:South Shetland Islands
831:Foreign Member of the
801:awarded Atanasoff the
787:
514:
380:electrical engineering
282:John Vincent Atanasoff
157:Atanasoff in the 1990s
140:John Vincent Atanasoff
3232:Swimming & diving
3065:Iowa State University
2947:Klára Dán von Neumann
2753:Programming languages
2531:Iowa State University
1858:on February 16, 2008.
1535:10.1145/973620.973621
1415:. Minor Planet Center
990:Selected bibliography
891:President of Bulgaria
853:Named after Atanasoff
781:
591:Further information:
550:Rock Island, Illinois
508:
393:and in 1926 earned a
384:University of Florida
216:Iowa State University
212:University of Florida
2726:Hypertext technology
2259:Mackintosh, Allan R.
2000:Mollenhoff, Clark R.
1936:on October 24, 2007.
1223:Portraits in Silicon
879:, discovered by the
825:, First Class (1985)
744:Mount Airy, Maryland
716:New Market, Maryland
597:Atanasoff first met
467:improve this section
429:Computer development
376:Mulberry High School
56:improve this article
3555:Carrie Chapman Catt
3146:Iowa State Cyclones
3123:Veterinary Medicine
2310:1988SciAm.259b..90M
2298:Scientific American
2277:1987PhT....40c..25M
1820:on October 25, 2007
934:The John Atanasoff
918:annually since 2001
899:information society
797:In 1990, President
724:Frederick, Maryland
705:explosive detection
407:theoretical physics
199:Frederick, Maryland
3640:Computer designers
3273:Ames/ISU Ice Arena
3258:Jack Trice Stadium
2852:Edsger W. Dijkstra
2807:Kathleen Antonelli
2791:Web search engines
2781:Internet conflicts
2660:Women in computing
2114:Anellis, Irving H.
1272:The New York Times
977:Plovdiv University
908:, a branch of the
881:Rozhen Observatory
788:
754:Atanasoff visited
563:to solve up to 29
515:
391:Iowa State College
325:Hamilton, New York
303:Iowa State College
178:Hamilton, New York
3592:
3591:
3375:Iowa State Center
3237:Track & field
3181:Track & field
3030:
3029:
2972:Bjarne Stroustrup
2877:Margaret Hamilton
2857:J. Presper Eckert
2731:Operating systems
2510:Augustana College
2501:JohnAtanasoff.com
2338:Mooers, Calvin N.
2189:978-1-59102-034-9
2172:Burks, Alice Rowe
2163:978-0-472-10090-3
2109:
2108:
2101:
2017:978-0-8138-0032-5
1812:Atanas Georgiev.
1793:on April 18, 2012
1785:Atanas Georgiev.
1774:on June 10, 2008.
1696:on June 10, 2008.
1639:. Cfa.harvard.edu
1594:Muscatine Journal
1377:, pp. 81–86.
863:Livingston Island
859:Atanasoff Nunatak
848:Iowa Award (2001)
799:George H. W. Bush
722:Incorporated, in
673:J. Presper Eckert
567:. The ABC had no
534:analog calculator
519:Monroe calculator
503:
502:
495:
413:with his thesis,
364:Brewster, Florida
279:
278:
248:Scientific career
132:
131:
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106:
16:(Redirected from
3692:
3570:G. Malcolm Trout
3493:Iowa State Daily
3420:Fick Observatory
3352:
3305:Big Four Classic
3135:
3081:
3066:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3034:
2957:Guido van Rossum
2942:John von Neumann
2887:David A. Huffman
2698:Machine learning
2670:Computer science
2597:
2590:
2583:
2574:
2559:Internet Archive
2548:in the database
2490:
2485:. Archived from
2466:
2464:
2462:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2399:
2379:
2365:
2333:
2332:on May 24, 2024.
2328:. Archived from
2288:
2285:10.1063/1.881101
2254:
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2250:
2238:Do, Hien Chris.
2234:
2225:
2198:Burks, Arthur W.
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2116:(January 1997).
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2079:this article by
2070:inline citations
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2009:
1986:
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1976:on June 10, 2008
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1322:Blagovest Sendov
1320:. For more see:
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877:(3546) Atanasoff
839:Honorary citizen
630:John von Neumann
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3330:Cy the Cardinal
3300:Iowa "Big Four"
3253:Hilton Coliseum
3244:
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3083:
3079:
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3007:Stephen Wolfram
2977:Ruth Teitelbaum
2932:Douglas McIlroy
2907:Semyon Korsakov
2897:Brian Kernighan
2872:Betty Holberton
2862:Adele Goldstine
2817:Charles Babbage
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45:This article
43:
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3491:
3485:Student life
3441:Ames Project
3400:Morrill Hall
3319:
3151:Hall of Fame
3074:
2982:Ken Thompson
2922:Donald Knuth
2917:Ada Lovelace
2882:Grace Hopper
2847:Stephen Cook
2832:George Boole
2811:
2786:Web browsers
2693:Cryptography
2568:Find a Grave
2522:EyeSteelFilm
2515:
2487:the original
2459:. Retrieved
2454:
2449:
2436:. Retrieved
2426:
2421:
2411:Ghostarchive
2409:Archived at
2375:
2370:Smiley, Jane
2348:(2): 51–67.
2345:
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2330:the original
2304:(2): 90–96.
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2125:
2122:Modern Logic
2121:
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1978:. Retrieved
1974:the original
1964:
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1942:
1934:the original
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1864:
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1392:president.bg
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1156:. Retrieved
1151:
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1133:. Retrieved
1119:
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1041:cite journal
1003:
997:
923:Stara Zagora
869:, Antarctica
861:(a peak) on
807:
796:
789:
753:
737:
732:
713:
697:seismographs
693:World War II
690:
687:Postwar life
680:
670:
659:
657:
642:
638:Bikini Atoll
624:By 1945 the
623:
620:
608:
599:John Mauchly
596:
573:vacuum tubes
554:
539:
516:
489:
480:
465:Please help
453:
414:
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361:
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281:
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192:(1995-06-15)
133:
118:
109:
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85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
3610:1995 deaths
3605:1903 births
3560:Tom Knudson
3410:Carver Hall
3108:Engineering
3022:Konrad Zuse
2992:Alan Turing
2827:Jean Bartik
2822:John Backus
2620:Before 1950
2520:trailer at
2081:introducing
1993:Works cited
1980:February 8,
1954:February 8,
1877:February 8,
1824:February 8,
1797:February 8,
1643:February 8,
1621:February 8,
1599:November 1,
1454:February 8,
1419:November 2,
1397:February 1,
1229:February 8,
1206:February 8,
1183:February 1,
1158:February 8,
1135:January 22,
1089:Konrad Zuse
970:Targovishte
953:Blagoevgrad
936:Chitalishte
901:of Bulgaria
720:Cybernetics
677:Sperry Rand
653:Sperry Rand
634:atomic bomb
399:mathematics
357:mathematics
335:, close to
3599:Categories
3565:Jack Trice
3405:Farm House
3335:ISU Fights
3242:Volleyball
3217:Gymnastics
3202:Basketball
3161:Basketball
3080:Ames, Iowa
3075:Located in
3002:Larry Wall
2997:Paul Vixie
2867:Lois Haibt
2842:John Cocke
2736:DOS family
2678:Algorithms
2655:Scientific
2471:Obituaries
2455:C-span.org
2064:references
1544:9549641333
1351:9549942244
1330:954071849X
1306:9856701872
1129:0837901596
1095:References
979:, Bulgaria
972:, Bulgaria
962:, Bulgaria
960:Kyustendil
955:, Bulgaria
925:, Bulgaria
786:, Bulgaria
701:barographs
691:Following
611:Ames, Iowa
530:tabulators
433:See also:
372:logarithms
368:slide rule
169:1903-10-04
82:newspapers
3415:Catt Hall
3365:Campanile
3360:Buildings
3320:(defunct)
3279:Rivalries
3186:Wrestling
3134:Athletics
3088:Academics
2837:Vint Cerf
2625:1950–1979
2612:Computing
2396:502029794
2362:1058-6180
2271:(3): 25.
2089:June 2015
1510:March 27,
1100:Citations
1020:1058-6180
943:Boyadzhik
729:Honeywell
699:and micro
649:prior art
626:U.S. Navy
577:capacitor
559:math and
483:June 2021
454:does not
409:from the
382:from the
333:Boyadzhik
329:Bulgarian
291:physicist
112:June 2021
3471:BugGuide
3429:Research
3227:Softball
3191:Baseball
3171:Football
3098:Business
3094:Colleges
2892:Bob Kahn
2773:Internet
2713:Software
2413:and the
2372:(2010).
2222:14205498
2174:(2003).
2148:(1988).
2002:(1988).
1887:cite web
1752:Archived
1710:Archived
1673:Archived
1572:Archived
1553:28795679
1445:Archived
1063:See also
1028:34553374
897:and the
874:asteroid
756:Bulgaria
750:Heritage
583:memory.
295:inventor
3583:Founded
3509:VEISHEA
3451:CYCLONE
3198:Women's
2763:Malware
2741:Windows
2557:at the
2539:at the
2533:website
2529:at the
2512:website
2508:at the
2461:June 4,
2438:June 4,
2428:YouTube
2326:3064298
2306:Bibcode
2273:Bibcode
2249:June 4,
2132:June 4,
2077:improve
1908:Website
1841:Picture
1480:May 15,
1343:Vincent
906:Plovdiv
865:in the
475:removed
460:sources
423:physics
258:Physics
96:scholar
3585:: 1858
3528:People
3514:CyRide
3504:PrISUm
3351:Campus
3249:Venues
3222:Soccer
3103:Design
2550:zbMATH
2394:
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2066:, but
2033:
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1551:
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843:Yambol
835:(1985)
740:stroke
557:binary
544:, the
523:slaved
349:French
337:Yambol
254:Fields
236:Awards
201:, U.S.
180:, U.S.
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
3519:Cuffs
3157:Men's
2746:Linux
2650:2020s
2645:2010s
2640:2000s
2635:1990s
2630:1980s
2404:Media
2218:S2CID
1549:S2CID
1448:(PDF)
1441:(PDF)
1024:S2CID
930:Sofia
784:Sofia
353:Irish
103:JSTOR
89:books
3499:KURE
3476:VRAC
3283:Iowa
3212:Golf
3176:Golf
3142:Team
2463:2015
2440:2015
2392:OCLC
2382:ISBN
2358:ISSN
2322:PMID
2251:2015
2184:ISBN
2158:ISBN
2134:2015
2031:ISBN
2012:ISBN
1982:2014
1956:2014
1893:link
1879:2014
1826:2014
1799:2014
1645:2014
1623:2014
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1539:ISBN
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1482:2009
1456:2014
1421:2016
1399:2024
1347:ISBN
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1160:2014
1137:2020
1124:ISBN
1054:help
1016:ISSN
872:The
581:DRAM
458:any
456:cite
351:and
293:and
187:Died
163:Born
75:news
2566:at
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