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853:...But, father in heaven, in imitation of the self-forgetfulness and self-sacrifice of the great departed, putting aside all personal anguish and all private grief, we supplicate thy special blessing upon God's despised ones—the poor enslaved, for whom our brother laid down his life. O! God cause the oppressed to go free, break any yoke and prostrate the pride and prejudice that dare to lift themselves up; and O! hasten the day when no more wrong or injustice shall be done on the earth; when all men shall love one another with pure hearts, fervently, and love God and do his will with all their soul and all their strength.
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512:, offered, in a letter to Governor Wise, to pay Virginia $ 500 (equivalent to $ 16,956 in 2023) for Brown's remains, to be used for dissection by medical students. He also pledged that once the skeleton was "properly dried and arranged", he would exhibit it throughout New England, not for money, but to "frighten every Scoundrel Abolitionist out of the country". "The medical faculty of Richmond College" also requested, on November 2, "the bodies of such as may be executed." Wise instead had the body released to
607:, "but the prospect of the body's approach produced such an excitement in that city...that the Mayor believed it would be impossible, if the body should remain," to maintain public order. Accompanied by many policemen, he met the train. Although most of the crowd awaiting its arrival consisted of sympathetic Blacks, the Mayor took a long tool box from a baggage car, covered it, and had it taken away quickly, the crowd following the sham coffin. Brown's body was taken immediately by ferry to
845:, heard of the upcoming burial as the body passed through Rutland, and decided to attend, traveling all night—the moon was almost full—and arriving only hours before the ceremony. As he was the only clergyman present—others had declined—Phillips requested that he conduct the funeral service, and Young said he then "knew why God had sent there". The reporter present, who took it down stenographically, called Young's impromptu opening prayer "impressive":
1049:, but he soon resigned, as those under him, presumably pro-slavery men, complained over his head about having a son of John Brown as their leader. In 1863 she leased and in 1865 sold the farm, 244 acres (99 ha), to Alexis Hinckley, a brother of Salmon's wife Abigail, for $ 800 (equivalent to $ 19,797 in 2023). The grave site was not sold, and it was written into the sale that everyone would be able to access John Brown's grave.
1179:, and were joined by Ellen, her husband James Fablinger, a teacher, and their four small girls. Salmon did not accompany them, and in 1889 leased 2,000 acres (810 ha) and 2,000 sheep. He added to the ranch, making it 3,000 acres (1,200 ha), and he and his partner had fourteen thousand sheep. However, the loss of 8,000 of them during the winter of 1890–1891 led him to abandon sheep raising. In 1893 he and his family moved to
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1117:. They were near destitute: "a hungry, almost barefoot, ragged lot". Residents in Red Bluff helped them with their immediate needs. "We were given a sack of flour and other groceries, and I was given a pair of shoes and cloth for a dress," recalled Annie. "Mr. Brown got a job at once grubbing out young oaks for forty dollars. He did the job in eight days and we felt rich. How I loved California."
768:, to North Elba. Everyone had to get off the wagons and walk for part of the day, to lighten the load on the horses. The descent was even more dangerous than the ascent. From Keene to North Elba they went via what is today (2021) called Old Mountain Road, not via Indian Pass, as Young misremembered. The final part of the road, impassible to vehicles for many years, is since 1986 part of the
639:, in Manhattan. There is a historic marker. There he removed the body from the plain coffin it came in, washed it, dressed it, and placed it in a 5 feet 10 inches (1.78 m) walnut coffin. A small crowd gathered outside the establishment. After resting Saturday night in Philadelphia Mrs. Brown continued to New York on Sunday, spending the night there with friends.
1110:"You will ask how I liked crossing the Plains," wrote Annie to her sister in 1864. "It will do for one six mouths of one's life, but I should hate to waste another by doing it over again. We had a remarkably good time, and enjoyed it much; did not suffer deprivations or otherwise, as I supposed we should; still, I do not think I could advise any one to undertake the journey."
738:. 75 citizens escorted the party to the border of the city, standing in two lines with uncovered heads as the coffin passed by. A "procession of carriages" escorted them to the lake shore, with church bells ringing, and they boarded the ferry, which altered its normal docking point on the New York side to leave them closer to their destination.
882:. "I was called all manner of names. I was an anarchist, a traitor to my country, a blasphemer, and a 'vile associate of Garrison and Phillips.'" "The best thing I ever did was called the worst." He was eventually forced to resign his pulpit, and was told he would never get another ministerial position, which turned out not to be true.
1140:, although unmarked. Mary lived there from 1866 to 1870, working as nurse and midwife. Salmon started ranching nearby, with only two sheep that survived the trip, one ram and one ewe; when one was sheared, the quality of the wool made the newspaper. He bought on credit new sheep and a ranch of 128 acres (52 ha) near
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just before his death, words John especially loved and which were inscribed in birch bark on the wall of a room in his house: "I have fought the good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith. From now on there is reserved for me the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous
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gave what Rev. Young called "one of his matchless speeches... Every hearer saw a great vision—one never to be forgotten". According to
Phillips, "hereafter you will tell children standing at your knees, 'I saw John Brown buried, — I sat under his roof.'" Phillips "intimated that Massachusetts would
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Brown wanted his body and those of his sons and the two
Thompson boys burned, which he said would be much less expensive than burial, but that was not allowed in Virginia, the Sheriff said, and Mrs. Brown did not want it either. Also, she did not feel up to identifying the partially decomposed body
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of the
Northern people. He was emphatically one of those old Puritans of whom we love to dream. It is the death of men that make the greatest changes in the world. John Brown's death would effect a great change in American politics. A great man is one who becomes a centre for people to crystallize
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Our souls are filled with awe and are subdued to silence, as we think of that great, reverential, heroic soul, whose mortal remains we are now to commit to the earth, 'dust to dust,' while his spirit dwells with God who gave it, and his memory is enshrined in every pure and holy heart. ...May we
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soon complained to the press about "the multitude of letters addressed to her, for one purpose or another, by entire strangers, who have no claims upon her attention, and who seek to promote their own interest or gratify their curiosity, regardless of the restraints of delicacy and propriety."
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Mr. Phillips carried to Boston, from North Elba, a "large quantity of valuable matter", intended for Mr. Child's promised memoir of John Brown (which never appeared). This matter consisted of letters and other papers, and photographs of several members of the Brown and
Thompson families. This
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761:, "who never tired of telling the story of that December night". Wendell Phillips gave an impromptu talk of almost two hours on Brown's failed raid, his trial, and his execution. There is a historical marker, and in the Courthouse, since 1923, a painting of John Brown on trial.
2492:"The Burial of John Brown.—Incidents Along the Route of the Procession—Obsequies at North Elba—The Scene at the Grave—Oration of Rev. J. M. McKim—Interesting Letter from Edwin Coppi[c]—John Brown's Last Epistle to His Wife—Eulogy by Wendell Phillips, &c., &c"
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John Brown's family in
California : a journey by funeral train, covered wagon, through archives, to the Valley of Heart's Delight : including the years 1833-1926, and honoring descendants of the women abolitionists of Santa Clara County, now known as Silicon
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The John Brown invasion; an authentic history of the Harper's Ferry tragedy, with full details of the capture, trial, and execution of the invaders and of all the incidents connected therewith. With a lithographic portrait of Capt. John Brown, from a photograph by
1144:. Annie (born 1843) taught in a school for Black children some distance away, boarding with a Black family, until the school was destroyed by arson. Sarah (born 1846) also taught school to Black children, then moved to San Francisco and worked for the
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Brown had requested that he be buried next to the large boulder near his farmhouse: "When I die, bury me by the big rock where I love to sit and read the word of God." As the body was lowered into the grave, Rev. Young recited the words of
2638:"Lest We Forget. A new guidebook follows the path taken home by abolitionist John abrown's coffin in 1859. Brown's burial was 144 years ago this week. Lee Manchester retraces the abolitionist's body's return to his North Elba farm"
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Their farm near
Saratoga, which the family only farmed two years, was in 1928 open as the "Historic John Brown Lodge" hotel, even though John never set foot in California and the Lodge was built after Mary's death. It later became
483:, who was very much involved, thought that the Civil War could begin in 1859 in Charles Town. He moved, at considerable expense, as many Virginia militia as possible to Charles Town, which was said to resemble a military camp.
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1163:. (Salmon's daughter says he left Red Bluff after two years.) Salmon had lost many sheep in the winter and he sold his ranch and bought one of 320 acres (130 ha), where the weather was better for sheep, near
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1704:"John Brown's Grave. — In a Picturesque Spot in the Adirondacks. — Where Nature and Beauty Hold Full Sway—The Tombstone and Inscriptions—The John Brown Farm—The Old Man's Will—Miss Kate Field's Story"
2854:"John Brown's Family. The Man of Harper's Ferry Fame. His Sons and Daughter. Visit to Their Homes in Pasadena. California. One Who Lived Has Suffered Intensely and Above the Petty Annoyances of Life"
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The next day, December 7, the casket and the party, in two wagons, made the "most arduous trip" to Brown's farm. It took a whole day to cover the 20 miles (32 km) from
Elizabethtown, through
1728:"The Execution of Old John Brown. Full particulars of the prison and gallows scene. Old Brown's Will. He writes his own epitaph. Last interview with his wife and fellow-prisoners, &c. &c"
822:, "Let all the inhabitants of the land tremble, for the day of the Lord is coming, it is near" was known to those that read the Bible, and it announced the liberation of slaves, for "The year of
815:. It would be many years before their bodies, along with those of Ruth Brown's husband William Thompson and his brother Augustus Dauphin Thompson, were recovered and buried next to their father.
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consecrate ourselves anew to the work of Truth, Righteousness, and Love, forevermore to sympathize with the outcast and the oppressed, with the humble and the least of our suffering fellow-men.
4704:"John Brown's Son In Want — He Is Now Nearly Eighty Years of Age and Partly Paral6zed. — Lansas Promises Relief — Owes Dbt to Man Who Helped Famous Father to Make That Territory a Free State"
574:, with the erection of a monument. Also she rejected proposals to pack his body in ice, with the rope around his neck, and exhibit it in "all our principal cities and even the minor ones."
3202:"A Martyr for John Brown. The absorbing true story of a Vermont Abolitionist minister who sacrificed his livelihood and jeopardized his career to preach the funeral service of John Brown"
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1087:. After one winter, the hardest on record as of that date, colder than anything they'd experienced in North Elba, the family set off further west, in three covered wagons, via the
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1187:, where he ended in economic distress, and committed suicide because of the condition of his health and the burden he felt he was to his aged wife. He is buried in the
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What to do with John Brown's body was a question of national significance. A modern scholar called the journey of his corpse "a media event of the highest order."
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1064:. John Jr. joined Mary in complaining about the large number of curiosity seekers that visited him. "Our house has been like a well-patronized Hotel," he said.
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signed them. This was the last time the living members of Brown's family would gather as a group. Those of his raiders still alive, except Tidd, also attended.
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hotel, where John had often stayed, and whose manager said he had been offered "tempting prices" for the signatures in his register. Another train took them to
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announcement said this was not going to happen, since Brown had wanted to be buried at his farm. Waiting for the next train they stopped briefly at the
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On July 4, 1860, there was a memorial ceremony in honor of Brown at his farm. A Programme was issued announcing it; the family friends and biographers
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3875:"Abbie Brown's Memoir. Across the Plains in the Early 60's As Told By One Who Participated in the Stirring Events of That Adventurous Western Era"
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603:. In Baltimore she changed trains for Philadelphia, arriving about 12:30 pm. Mary intended to stop there, rest, and have the body prepared by an
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3057:"John Brown's Grave. — His Farm Is Kept as a Memorial. — The House Where He Lived, Surrounding Scenery, Abolition Relics, New Railroads, &c"
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878:). For this specifically, and in general for having presided over Brown's funeral, he found himself reviled upon his return home to
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From 2002 to 2005 a yearly excursion retraced this most difficult part of the trip. In 2005 a guidebook to the route was published.
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4676:"Answers Pres. Hawley. — Salmon Brown Quotes History on Old John Brown. — He CompletelyVindicates His Father's Anti-Slavery Record"
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Accompanied by Salmon, his wife and two daughters, and Brown's daughters Sarah and Ellen, Mary set out in
November 1863, driven by
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Despite the "great propaganda value" of these proposed measures, Mary set off early
Saturday morning, December 3, on the one daily
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Brief biography of Mary A, wife of John Brown of
Harpers Ferry[,] interred at Madronia Cemetery in Saratoga, California.
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and Jason, who, like Salmon, chose not to go to Harpers Ferry after their experiences in Kansas, were already farming in Ohio.
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3961:"John Brown's Son Writes Interestingly. Recent Letter from Salmon Brown to B. R. Brewster Recalls Reminiscences of the Past"
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Accompanying him back to Vermont, Wendell Phillips repeated his lecture, in a Town Hall full to overflowing, in Vergennes:
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None of the Browns returned to visit the North Elba farm until the burial of Watson there, in 1882. Mary died in 1884.
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2954:"The Burial of John Brown. The passage of the body to North Elba. The funeral. Speeches of Mr. McKim and Mr. Phillips"
2159:"The Burial of John Brown. The passage of the body to North Elba. The funeral. Speeches of Mr. McKim and Mr. Phillips"
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941:, a senior member of the U.S. abolitionist movement, born the same year as John Brown (1800). He spoke for two hours.
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476:. Reporters and sketch artists were sent to cover the trial. Newspapers and magazines carried many articles on it.
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sheep—travelling in a wagon—were poisoned. The family received a military escort for several hundred miles.
1018:, joined them and remained in Ohio until the Civil War was over. Frederick was killed in Kansas; Oliver and
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The John Brown affair is the last major event leading up to the Civil War. In fact the Governor of Virginia
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3667:"The Family of John Brown. How Part of Them as it Were Miraculously Escaped Perils of Death on the Plains"
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The Beowns of Madronia. Family of abolitionist John Brown buried in Madronia Cemetery Saratoga, California
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520:) that was turned into an anatomical specimen, with a note saying it was a message to abolitionists (see
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3919:"Threats, then friends for John Brown's people. A long journey brings widow Brown to rest in Saratoga"
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says. "Quite a number" of local residents attended. Oliver's widow was present, but not the widow of
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1183:. Alone among the Brown children, he publicly defended his father at length. In 1902 he moved to
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proposed that Brown's body be “chopped into small pieces, in the Chinese manner, and distributed
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1148:. Ellen (born 1854) attended the local school. However, hostility towards the Browns developed.
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In 1860, the only son at the farm was Salmon, born in 1836, married in 1857. The oldest boys,
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472:. His trial was the first in which there was national newspaper coverage, using the still-new
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participated, raised $ 450 (equivalent to $ 8,957 in 2023), bought land, and built her a
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4612:"A Brief Biography — Having to Do With the Life of Salmon Brown, Son of Famous Abolitionist"
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The company sang Brown's favorite hymn, "Blow ye the trumpet—Blow". The hymn's reference to
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The end of the trip, where they settled in the fall of 1864, after 25 weeks of travel, was
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U.S. abolitionist was executed and what to do with his body was of political significance
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2572:"John Brown. A new guidebook follows the route of his body to North Elba (part 2 of 2)"
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2421:"Historical Reminiscences. Essex County, its Shire Town, Court House and Prominent Men"
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John Brown's coffin and accompanying party arrive at his house in North Elba, NY, 1859.
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1809:(1995). "Manufacturing Martyrdom. The Anti-Slavery Response to John Brown's Raid". In
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3883:. Vol. 37, no. 2. The author was the wife of Salmon Brown. pp. 68–76.
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Sarah Brown, 1912, recreating the conditions of their trip to California. (Dress and
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It was lonely for Mary, and more so after Salmon departed early in 1862 to join the
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John Brown's burial, North Elba, NY, December 8, 1859. Note the boulder on the left.
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1264:
1155:
Salmon Brown's sheep ranch, two miles from Bridgeville, Humboldt County, California
1088:
947:
attended, and spoke briefly. Letters apologizing for non-attendance were read from
838:
826:
is come! Return, ye ransomed sinners, home." Eldest daughter Ruth accompanied on a
3525:"Celebration at North Elba. The Fourth of July among the Adirondacks (pt. 2 of 2)"
3372:"Celebration at North Elba. The Fourth of July among the Adirondacks (pt. 1 of 2)"
4776:
1237:
1103:. Southern sympathizers attempted to kill them on the trip, and four of Salmon's
797:
His funeral, with open casket, and burial took place on December 8, 1859, at the
623:, Jacob M. Hopper, met the ferry from South Amboy to New York at the ferry port,
5412:
3510:
1200:
754:
657:
1976:"John Brown's Body On The Bowery. McGraw and Taylor Undertakers — 163 Bowery —"
5331:
4934:
3561:
1167:. He was described in the press as prosperous. Mary and Sarah lived in nearby
1053:
1042:
1035:
718:
painting hanging in the Essex County (NY) Courthouse. Note the cot behind him.
620:
604:
3888:
3834:
2921:
1815:
His Soul Goes Marching On. Responses to John Brown and the Harpers Ferry Raid
937:
The "Orator of the Day", who stood atop the large boulder when speaking, was
5130:
1145:
830:, a wedding present from her father, later to occupy a niche in her home in
1454:(November 2, 1859). "Letter to Andrew Hunter". In Quincy, Josiah P. (ed.).
642:
At 7 AM on Monday the 5th, Mrs. Brown, described as "quite unwell", McKim,
591:
express train for Baltimore—the same one Brown stopped on October 16, and
566:, and others that John be buried "with impressive funeral solemnities" in
456:
Brown was, at the time of his execution, the most famous living American:
407:
was executed on Friday, December 2, 1859, for murder, treason against the
671:
Church bells rang and crowds gathered as they proceeded up the Hudson to
31:
3676:. (The author is daughter of John Brown's son Salmon Brown). p. 8.
1465:
1455:
1403:
1385:
934:
was read. Brown's favorite hymn, "Blow ye the trumpet, blow," was sung.
595:
took home on October 19—with her husband's body. She was accompanied by
4727:
Libby, Jean (2006). "John Brown's Family and their California Refuge".
2460:
1975:
2920:
Green, Melinda; Johnston, Karen G. (August 8, 2018). "Joshua Young".
1104:
636:
457:
4123:
4059:"Chapter 3—Indians terrorize John Brown party [Part 2 of 2]"
1424:
Five for Freedom. The African American Soldiers in John Brown's Army
899:
material was then made available to the family's chosen biographer,
48:
Cannon outside the Charles Town courthouse during John Brown's trial
2307:: 650–652, 665–667, 699–701, 715–717, 726–728, 742–743. 1861–1862.
4329:"Unmarked Frame House in Red Bluff Was Home of John Brown's Widow"
3903:
3849:
1150:
1066:
788:
721:
710:
702:
461:
423:(since 1863, West Virginia). He was the first person executed for
43:
25:
558:, dead for over a month. She rejected the repeated suggestion of
2050:
J. M. Hopper, General Furnishing Undertaker (December 4, 1859),
1159:
After six years Mary, Sarah, and Salmon and his family moved to
967:(who enclosed a hymn, which was also read), C. H. Brainard, and
730:
On Tuesday morning, December 6, the party continued by train to
413:
an unsuccessful and bloody attempt to start a slave insurrection
4804:
2010:"To Major-General Wm. B. Taliaferro, in command at Charlestown"
1022:
were killed at Harpers Ferry. Annie and Sarah were enrolled in
3873:
Brown, Abbie C. Hinckley (Summer 2019) . Bagley, Will (ed.).
631:, he rented briefly a room at another funeral establishment,
2820:
John Brown Melodeon - Kansapedia - Kansas Historical Society
2295:"A Visit to the Adirondack Mountains, in the summer of 1861"
532:, and Jeremiah Anderson—were also used by medical students.
4732:. The article is a revised version of a paper published in
1712:. Albany, New York. April 14, 1895. p. 15 – via
4712:. Albany, New York. July 14, 1916. p. 10 – via
1460:. 3rd series. Vol. 1 . pp. 326–331, at p. 329.
2708:"John Brown, His Raiders, and Their Last Resting Place"
1120:
A statewide subscription, in which California Governor
983:, visiting from Ohio, also spoke. Others speaking were
524:). The corpses of three other members of Brown's party—
3327:"Programme of a John Brown Fourth of July Celebration"
3222:"Funeral of John Brown. Wendell Phillips at Vergennes"
3062:
St. Lawrence Republican and Ogdensburgh Weekly Journal
707:
Essex County Courthouse, Elizabethtown, New York, 1858
2928:
Unitarian Universalist History & Heritage Society
2251:"Funeral of John Brown—Wendell Phillips at Vergennes"
2923:
Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography
2333:"The final disposition of the Remains of John Brown"
5318:
5186:
5113:
4976:
4933:
4838:
3488:. New York: American Institute for Marxist Studies.
4371:"A Much Underrated Piece Of Red Bluff Real Estate"
1846:
4222:"How John Brown family touched life in Red Bluff"
3635:. Boston, Massachusetts. 28 Mar 1862. p. 3.
3533:. Boston, Massachusetts. 27 Jul 1860. p. 2.
3380:. Boston, Massachusetts. 27 Jul 1860. p. 1.
3160:"How It Happened Body of John Brown Came to Town"
2749:"The Final Burial of the Followers of John Brown"
4490:"Rohnerville was friendly to John Brown's widow"
1801:
1799:
1242:. Lee and Shepard. pp. 289–293, at p. 292.
4740:. pp. 6–12 (marked 14–22), at p. 11 (21).
930:By 10 AM, 1,000 people were in attendance. The
889:John Brown, said Mr. Phillips, represented the
887:
847:
4263:"CHL No. 117 Home of Mrs. John Brown – Tehama"
2124:
2122:
1609:"Directions about the disposition of his body"
4816:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3360:
2210:"Telegraphic to the Daily Whig & Courier"
805:, where his "body lies a-mouldering", as the
381:
8:
3770:"John Brown's family comes west – Chapter 1"
3486:Mary Brown: From Harpers Ferry to California
2401:. A cultural heritage tour developed by the
52:
4052:
4050:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3763:
3761:
3602:
3600:
3598:
1045:; he was sworn in as 2nd Lieutenant of the
4823:
4809:
4801:
4760:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3562:"John Brown's family comes west—Chapter 2"
2289:
2287:
2077:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
388:
374:
51:
5126:B & O Railroad Potomac River Crossing
4101:"Mary Ann Day Brown, Widow of John Brown"
3409:"Owen Brown's Escape From Harper's Ferry"
2130:"Arrival of John Brown's remains at Troy"
1513:"Mary Ann Day Brown, Widow of John Brown"
1343:
1341:
1339:
4117:
4115:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3660:
3658:
3065:. April 18, 1894. p. 4 – via
2529:"Taking a trip on the Old Mountain Road"
2370:
2368:
2327:
2325:
865:yet possess the remains of John Brown."
646:, and the coffin proceeded north on the
442:, and buried there on December 8, 1859.
5295:Remarks After the Hanging of John Brown
4620:. July 14, 1916. p. 2 – via
4595:California Digital Newspaper Collection
4315:California Digital Newspaper Collection
4041:California Digital Newspaper Collection
4008:
4006:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3471:
2901:from the original on September 25, 2021
2747:Featherstonhaugh, Thomas (April 1901).
2377:What Mary Brown Saw: A Self-Guided Tour
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2092:
2090:
2088:
1585:from the original on September 25, 2021
1417:
1415:
1413:
1225:
1191:. Mary, Sarah, and Ellen are buried in
5237:John Brown Museum (Osawatomie, Kansas)
5204:Harpers Ferry National Historical Park
4753:
4606:
4604:
4507:from the original on February 16, 2022
4488:Ganzoli, Andrew (September 24, 1977).
4273:from the original on February 19, 2022
3721:from the original on February 18, 2022
3158:Lee, John Parker (September 2, 1925).
3094:from the original on February 17, 2022
2070:
1493:
1483:
5268:John Brown's Provisional Constitution
5227:John Brown Farm, Tannery & Museum
5199:Burning of Winchester Medical College
4688:. 11 Mar 1898. p. 3 – via
4585:from the original on 21 February 2022
4544:from the original on 27 February 2022
4425:from the original on 21 February 2022
4388:from the original on 19 February 2022
4346:from the original on 19 February 2022
4305:from the original on 21 February 2022
4202:from the original on 22 February 2022
4161:from the original on 22 February 2022
4076:from the original on 22 February 2022
4031:from the original on 16 February 2022
3936:from the original on 25 February 2022
3787:from the original on 22 February 2022
3680:from the original on 18 February 2022
3639:from the original on 21 February 2022
3579:from the original on 21 February 2022
2895:"December 1859 - Moon Phase Calendar"
1740:from the original on December 9, 2020
1625:from the original on December 9, 2020
1472:from the original on October 13, 2020
1320:from the original on December 9, 2020
522:Burning of Winchester Medical College
504:Burning of Winchester Medical College
360:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers
7:
3999:. Boston, Massachusetts=. p. 2.
3537:from the original on 2 February 2022
3384:from the original on 2 February 2022
3341:from the original on 30 January 2022
2552:from the original on August 23, 2021
2473:from the original on August 14, 2021
1986:from the original on August 14, 2021
1649:"Visit of Mrs. Brown to her Husband"
1215:Mary Ann Day Brown § California
37:Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper
5222:John Brown Farm State Historic Site
4531:"John Brown's family to California"
3665:Brown, Agnes Stuart (21 Sep 1900).
3200:Twynham, Leonard (September 1938).
2934:from the original on April 22, 2020
2227:from the original on 20 August 2021
2060:from the original on April 27, 2021
1897:from the original on 25 August 2021
1764:"Letter of Gov. Wise to Mrs. Brown"
1545:from the original on 25 August 2021
1361:from the original on 20 August 2021
1189:Grand Army of the Republic Cemetery
799:John Brown Farm State Historic Site
785:John Brown Farm State Historic Site
749:. Brown's body lay in state at the
4832:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
4376:Red Bluff Tehama County Daily News
4227:Red Bluff Tehama County Daily News
3817:"Living legacies of Harpers Ferry"
3709:Sandusky Daily Commercial Register
3499:Patridge, L. C. (August 4, 1860).
3307:from the original on July 11, 2021
3239:from the original on July 17, 2021
3177:from the original on July 17, 2021
2980:(Most of this article appeared in
2673:"'What Mary Brown Saw' with AARCH"
2504:from the original on 2 August 2021
2392:from the original on July 28, 2021
2268:from the original on July 17, 2021
2185:(Most of this article appeared in
2027:from the original on July 25, 2021
1861:from the original on July 11, 2021
1680:from the original on 6 August 2021
1134:California State Historic Landmark
1079:Pushing on, Mary bought a farm in
894:around. John Brown was such a man.
874:judge, will give me on that day" (
627:. Although Hopper's studio was in
494:" as they marched during the war.
270:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
126:End of slavery in British colonies
14:
5436:Origins of the American Civil War
5326:Abolitionism in the United States
4649:. September 30, 1893. p. 4.
4239:from the original on 1 March 2022
3924:Los Gatos Times-Saratoga Observer
3615:: Saratoga Historical Foundation.
3135:from the original on July 9, 2021
2871:from the original on May 25, 2021
2792:from the original on July 9, 2021
2407:Adirondack Architectural Heritage
2256:Vermont Patriot and State Gazette
1780:from the original on June 2, 2021
1655:. December 10, 1859. p. 402.
1569:"Brown's Interview with his Wife"
1047:96th Regiment New York Volunteers
975:" was read in full. Brown's sons
695:, where they spent Monday night.
583:Harpers Ferry to Rutland, Vermont
259:The Impending Crisis of the South
101:Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
4462:. November 24, 1883. p. 2.
4132:: Allie for Freedom Publications
4099:Weber, Sandra (March 26, 2016),
3275:from the original on May 3, 2021
3271:. December 12, 1859. p. 6.
3235:. December 14, 1859. p. 1.
3131:. December 16, 1859. p. 2.
3090:. December 14, 1859. p. 3.
2966:from the original on May 3, 2021
2962:. December 12, 1859. p. 6.
2852:Nixson, Una B. (July 23, 1893).
2788:. December 10, 1859. p. 5.
2646:. December 9, 2005. p. 27.
2585:. December 9, 2005. p. 34.
2527:Manchester, Lee (May 23, 2000).
2346:. December 10, 1859. p. 2.
2264:. December 17, 1859. p. 2.
2171:from the original on May 3, 2021
2167:. December 12, 1859. p. 6.
1857:. December 10, 1859. p. 3.
1776:. December 12, 1859. p. 1.
1511:Weber, Sandra (March 26, 2016).
1426:. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books (
1236:(1863). "Burial of John Brown".
430:His body was taken by his widow
411:of Virginia, and for having led
5511:Winchester and Potomac Railroad
4653:from the original on 2022-02-21
4581:. 25 December 1889. p. 3.
4466:from the original on 2022-02-21
3959:Brown, Salmon (July 24, 1914).
3895:from the original on 2022-03-01
3841:from the original on 2022-03-01
3457:from the original on 2021-07-11
3421:from the original on 2020-11-07
3027:Cairns, Ruth C. (15 Oct 1915).
3010:Speeches, Lectures, and Letters
2834:from the original on 2021-08-04
2761:from the original on 2020-02-19
2725:from the original on 2021-08-23
2685:from the original on 2021-08-14
2650:from the original on 2021-08-14
2589:from the original on 2021-08-14
2438:from the original on 2021-08-23
2419:Turner, David (March 2, 1899).
2403:Essex County Historical Society
2350:from the original on 2021-07-25
2311:from the original on 2021-07-28
2108:from the original on 2021-07-14
2053:[Statement and receipt]
1957:from the original on 2021-07-11
1736:. December 5, 1859. p. 1.
1316:. December 6, 1859. p. 1.
1256:from the original on 2021-08-27
1239:Speeches, lectures, and letters
427:in the history of the country.
5281:The Last Moments of John Brown
5232:John Brown House (Akron, Ohio)
3446:Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly
3016:. pp. 289–293, at p. 292.
2721:. August 31, 1899. p. 4.
2380:, On the Trail of John Brown,
2199:, as well as other newspapers)
1854:National Anti-Slavery Standard
1533:"The Execution of Friday Last"
1384:Leslie, Naton (May–Aug 2002).
1091:, crossing the Mississippi at
1002:The family moves to California
510:New Orleans School of Medicine
498:Dissection by medical students
468:put it, a mad traitor in the
1:
5542:Funerals in the United States
5288:A Plea for Captain John Brown
4267:California Historic Landmarks
3989:Brown, Annie (25 Nov 1864) .
2215:Bangor Daily Whig and Courier
1621:December 8, 1859. p. 3.
757:of six men, chief among them
734:, from which a ferry crossed
5151:Harpers Ferry, West Virginia
4641:The Dalles Times-Mountaineer
4454:Wheeling Daily Intelligencer
4421:. 27 March 1883. p. 3.
4301:. 14 April 1866. p. 5.
4144:"Aid to John Brown's family"
3407:Keeler, Ralph (March 1874).
3263:"Speech of Wendell Phillips"
2681:. July 4, 2002. p. 13.
1939:Young, Joshua (April 1904).
1825:. pp. 41–66, at p. 43.
1823:University Press of Virginia
1289:Southern History Association
675:, where they were joined by
234:Burning of Pennsylvania Hall
196:Secession of Southern states
5274:The Last Days of John Brown
5194:Battle Hymn of the Republic
5136:Charles Town, West Virginia
5121:Allstadt House and Ordinary
4369:Bryan, Bill (21 Feb 1968).
4342:. 31 Oct 1965. p. 32.
3917:Hanson, Sam (26 Mar 1953).
3717:. Mar 20, 1862. p. 2.
3439:Hinton, Richard J. (1889).
3086:Cincinnati Daily Commercial
2611:Barkeater Trails Alliance.
1941:"The Funeral of John Brown"
1457:The Execution of John Brown
1349:"The remains of John Brown"
973:The Last Days of John Brown
932:Declaration of Independence
808:Battle Hymn of the Republic
667:New York Illustrated Weekly
613:Camden & Amboy Railroad
229:Martyrdom of Elijah Lovejoy
73:End of Atlantic slave trade
19:For the marching song, see
5563:
4943:Thomas Wentworth Higginson
4198:. 20 Jul 1865. p. 1.
4157:. 27 May 1865. p. 2.
4027:. 25 May 1865. p. 2.
3991:"John Brown's Family Safe"
3815:Weber, Sandra (Feb 2005).
3501:"The Fourth at North Elba"
3484:Rosenberg, Daniel (1975).
3123:Burlington Weekly Sentinel
3081:"The Burial of John Brown"
3004:Phillips, Wendell (1863).
2500:. 12 Dec 1859. p. 1.
2467:Historical Marker Database
2104:. Boston: James Campbell.
1980:Historical Marker Database
1667:"The Burial of John Brown"
1581:. Dec 8, 1859. p. 2.
1308:"Letters from Charlestown"
1212:
949:Thomas Wentworth Higginson
782:
501:
449:
316:Recapture of Anthony Burns
186:1860 presidential election
161:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
18:
5532:John Brown (abolitionist)
5209:Heyward Shepherd monument
4958:Franklin Benjamin Sanborn
4880:John Anthony Copeland Jr.
4775:M. S. F. (October 1885).
4540:. 4 Aug 1882. p. 9.
4235:. 2 Jul 1927. p. 2.
4194:San Francisco, California
4185:"Sacramento affairs, etc"
3672:Boston Evening Transcript
3627:"An incident for history"
3337:. 5 Jul 1860. p. 3.
3331:Memphis Weekly Bulletin (
2828:Kansas Historical Society
2447:NYS Historical Newspapers
2382:Adirondack History Museum
2223:. 5 Dec 1859. p. 3.
2138:. Dec 7, 1859. p. 1.
1893:. 5 Dec 1859. p. 5.
1819:Charlottesville, Virginia
1676:. 3 Jan 1860. p. 2.
1541:. 5 Dec 1859. p. 5.
1422:Meyer, Eugene L. (2018).
1391:The North American Review
1357:. 6 Dec 1859. p. 8.
1195:in Saratoga, California.
1060:, for John Jr.'s home at
611:, and from there via the
530:John Anthony Copeland Jr.
265:Oberlin–Wellington Rescue
240:American Slavery As It Is
5263:John Brown's last speech
4419:(Sacramento, California)
4057:Reck, Al (22 Jan 1961).
3974:. p. 8 – via
3744:Whiting, Lilian (1900).
3607:Nalty, Damon G. (1996).
3560:Reck, Al (15 Jan 1961).
3441:"John Brown and His Men"
3041:. p. 7 – via
1774:Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
1296:(3): 165–195, at p. 179.
1171:. In 1881 they moved to
1056:to the new rail line at
907:Memorial on July 4, 1860
741:A wagon awaited them at
572:Cambridge, Massachusetts
508:Dr. W. C. Hicks, of the
288:Trial of Reuben Crandall
201:Peace Conference of 1861
176:Caning of Charles Sumner
4736:, vol. 7, no. 9, 1989.
4714:NYS Historic Newspapers
4622:NYS Historic Newspapers
4458:Wheeling, West Virginia
3976:NYS Historic Newspapers
3768:Reck, Al (8 Jan 1961).
3752:Little, Brown & Co.
3704:"A small potato affair"
3674:(Boston, Massachusetts)
3067:NYS Historic Newspapers
2990:April 12, 2021, at the
2985:December 16, 1859, p. 3
2734:NYS Historic Newspapers
2717:Elizabethtown, New York
2694:NYS Historic Newspapers
2659:NYS Historic Newspapers
2598:NYS Historic Newspapers
2430:Elizabethtown, New York
2386:Elizabethtown, New York
2359:NYS Historic Newspapers
2342:Elizabethtown, New York
2195:April 12, 2021, at the
2190:December 16, 1859, p. 3
2037:NYS Historic Newspapers
2019:Elizabethtown, New York
1871:accessible-archives.com
1714:NYS Historic Newspapers
1138:Home of Mrs. John Brown
778:
747:Elizabethtown, New York
617:South Amboy, New Jersey
181:Lincoln–Douglas debates
5537:Essex County, New York
5309:Virginia v. John Brown
5015:John E.P. Daingerfield
4915:Francis Jackson Meriam
4848:Osborne Perry Anderson
4789:: 360–367 – via
4577:Healdsburg, California
4417:Sacramento Daily Union
4338:Sacramento, California
4190:San Francisco Examiner
3453:: 691–703, at p. 701.
3417:: 342–365, at p. 365.
3303:: 135. March 3, 1860.
3006:"Burial of John Brown"
2780:"John Brown's Funeral"
2613:"Jackrabbit Ski Trail"
2300:Friends' Intelligencer
2056:, Brooklyn, New York,
2008:(December 10, 1859) .
1885:"John Brown's remains"
1848:"John Brown's remains"
1579:Montrose, Pennsylvania
1156:
1076:
1030:; tuition was paid by
1028:Concord, Massachusetts
896:
855:
794:
727:
719:
708:
660:, a sketch artist for
578:The trip to North Elba
452:Virginia v. John Brown
421:Charles Town, Virginia
329:Virginia v. John Brown
322:Dred Scott v. Sandford
224:Nat Turner's Rebellion
49:
41:
5456:Pottawatomie massacre
4968:George Luther Stearns
4738:Palo Alto, California
4573:Healdsburg Enterprise
4380:Red Bluff, California
4231:Red Bluff, California
4130:Palo Alto, California
4072:. p. 109 (5-M).
4023:Red Bluff, California
4019:Red Bluff Independent
3970:Lake Placid, New York
3928:Los Gatos, California
3783:. p. 114 (4-M).
3575:. p. 103 (4-M).
3210:: 265–267, at p. 267.
2816:"John Brown Melodeon"
2617:Lake Placid, New York
2581:Lake Placid, New York
2541:Lake Placid, New York
2497:New York Daily Herald
2097:Drew, Thomas (1860).
1354:New York Daily Herald
1205:Boy Scouts of America
1154:
1130:Red Bluff, California
1115:Red Bluff, California
1097:Fort Kearny, Nebraska
1070:
803:Lake Placid, New York
792:
725:
714:
706:
699:Rutland to North Elba
681:Mount Auburn Cemetery
648:Hudson River Railroad
568:Mount Auburn Cemetery
355:Battle of Fort Sumter
310:Prigg v. Pennsylvania
191:Crittenden Compromise
47:
29:
5547:December 1859 events
5441:Battle of Osawatomie
5386:Fire on the Mountain
5338:Battle of Black Jack
5178:Winchester, Virginia
5173:Sandy Hook, Maryland
5146:Harpers Ferry Armory
4925:Aaron Dwight Stevens
4910:Lewis Sheridan Leary
4840:John Brown's raiders
4636:"Son of Ossawatomie"
4517:newspaperarchive.com
4153:Martinez, California
4149:Contra Costa Gazette
4122:Libby, Jean (2016),
3747:Kate Field; a record
3731:newspaperarchive.com
3613:Saratoga, California
3165:Rutland Daily Herald
3104:newspaperarchive.com
3029:"John Brown's Grave"
2754:New England Magazine
1946:New England Magazine
1595:newspaperarchive.com
1428:Chicago Review Press
1386:"John Brown's Grave"
1287:Publications of the
1173:Saratoga, California
1093:Council Bluffs, Iowa
1014:, escaping from the
832:Pasadena, California
770:Jackrabbit Ski Trail
753:Courthouse, with an
644:Richard P. Hallowell
550:all over the land."
440:North Elba, New York
294:Commonwealth v. Aves
151:Nashville Convention
141:Mexican–American War
111:Nullification crisis
40:, December 17, 1859.
30:Brown ascending the
5481:Henry David Thoreau
5380:Ralph Waldo Emerson
5343:Battle of the Spurs
4995:Owen Brown (father)
4948:Samuel Gridley Howe
4662:Chronicling America
4538:(Chicago, Illinois)
4475:Chronicling America
4106:Adirondack Almanack
4068:Oakland, California
3779:Oakland, California
3571:Oakland, California
3231:Burlington, Vermont
3127:Burlington, Vermont
2260:Montpelier, Vermont
1769:Gettysburg Compiler
1283:"John Brown's Raid"
1142:Corning, California
1101:Soda Springs, Idaho
716:John Brown's Trial,
166:Kansas–Nebraska Act
106:Missouri Compromise
96:Northwest Ordinance
61:
5408:Haitian Revolution
5398:The Good Lord Bird
5392:Wm. Lloyd Garrison
5375:Frederick Douglass
5348:James Madison Bell
4989:Mary Ann Day Brown
4645:The Dalles, Oregon
4499:Eureka, California
3506:Anti-Slavery Bugle
3333:Memphis, Tennessee
3088:(Cincinnati, Ohio)
2713:Elizabethtown Post
2426:Elizabethtown Post
2338:Elizabethtown Post
2135:The New York Times
2015:Elizabethtown Post
1518:Adirondack Almanac
1177:Santa Clara County
1157:
1077:
1016:Harpers Ferry raid
969:Frederick Douglass
795:
743:Westport, New York
728:
720:
709:
609:Camden, New Jersey
597:James Miller McKim
589:Baltimore and Ohio
514:Mary Ann Day Brown
156:Compromise of 1850
59:American Civil War
50:
42:
5519:
5518:
5446:Quindaro Townsite
5418:Elijah P. Lovejoy
5370:George DeBaptiste
5365:John Stuart Curry
5256:John Brown's Body
5248:John Brown's Body
5242:John Brown's body
5163:John Brown's Fort
5156:Historic District
5141:Gibson-Todd House
5085:George H. Steuart
5035:Stonewall Jackson
5025:George Henry Hoyt
4984:John Wilkes Booth
4977:Other individuals
4920:Dangerfield Newby
4568:"Local brevities"
2863:Chicago, Illinois
2462:John Brown's Body
1674:(London, England)
1653:Boston Cultivator
1619:Washington, D. C.
1574:Montrose Democrat
1486:cite encyclopedia
1234:Phillips, Wendell
1193:Madronia Cemetery
1085:Norfolk, Virginia
1032:George L. Stearns
996:Francis J. Meriam
921:Richard J. Hinton
633:McGraw and Taylor
564:Lydia Maria Child
543:Richmond Examiner
492:John Brown's Body
398:
397:
247:Uncle Tom's Cabin
54:Events leading to
21:John Brown's Body
5554:
5431:James Montgomery
5095:Lewis Washington
5080:Lysander Spooner
5075:Heyward Shepherd
5055:Wendell Phillips
4870:Owen Brown (son)
4825:
4818:
4811:
4802:
4795:
4794:
4782:Overland Monthly
4772:
4766:
4765:
4759:
4751:
4734:The Californians
4724:
4718:
4717:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4617:Lake Placid News
4608:
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3986:
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3966:Lake Placid News
3956:
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3908:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3880:Overland Journal
3870:
3857:
3856:
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3792:
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3481:
3466:
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3462:
3436:
3430:
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3427:
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3414:Atlantic Monthly
3404:
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3346:
3323:
3317:
3316:
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3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3268:New-York Tribune
3259:
3253:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3227:Burlington Times
3218:
3212:
3211:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3169:Rutland, Vermont
3155:
3149:
3148:
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3114:
3108:
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3101:
3099:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3053:
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3024:
3018:
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3001:
2995:
2979:
2973:
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2959:New-York Tribune
2950:
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2785:New-York Tribune
2776:
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2766:
2744:
2738:
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2698:
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2678:Lake Placid News
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2643:Lake Placid News
2634:
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2577:Lake Placid News
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2537:Lake Placid News
2533:
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2206:
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2184:
2178:
2176:
2164:New-York Tribune
2155:
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2094:
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2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1972:
1966:
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1963:
1962:
1936:
1911:
1910:
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1890:New-York Tribune
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1538:New-York Tribune
1529:
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1269:
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1262:
1261:
1230:
1185:Portland, Oregon
1062:Put-in-Bay, Ohio
1024:Franklin Sanborn
988:Osborne Anderson
862:Wendell Phillips
693:Rutland, Vermont
677:Wendell Phillips
653:New-York Tribune
560:Wendell Phillips
466:Wendell Phillips
417:tried and hanged
390:
383:
376:
349:Star of the West
206:Corwin Amendment
171:Ostend Manifesto
136:Texas annexation
131:Texas Revolution
62:
5562:
5561:
5557:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5551:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5470:Seven Angry Men
5451:Allan Pinkerton
5353:Bleeding Kansas
5314:
5182:
5109:
5090:J. E. B. Stuart
5000:John Brown, Jr.
4972:
4953:Theodore Parker
4929:
4905:John Henry Kagi
4885:Barclay Coppock
4834:
4829:
4799:
4798:
4774:
4773:
4769:
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4681:Capital Journal
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4298:Sonoma Democrat
4291:
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4064:Oakland Tribune
4056:
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3860:
3853:Academic Search
3844:
3842:
3822:Civil War Times
3814:
3813:
3804:
3790:
3788:
3775:Oakland Tribune
3767:
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3567:Oakland Tribune
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3003:
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2998:
2992:Wayback Machine
2969:
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2859:The Inter Ocean
2851:
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2197:Wayback Machine
2174:
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2004:
2003:
1999:
1989:
1987:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1960:
1958:
1938:
1937:
1914:
1900:
1898:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1864:
1862:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1811:Finkleman, Paul
1807:Finkleman, Paul
1805:
1804:
1797:
1783:
1781:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1743:
1741:
1733:Chicago Tribune
1726:
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1277:
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1259:
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1250:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1161:Humboldt County
1004:
957:J. Sella Martin
953:H. Ford Douglas
909:
876:2 Timothy 4:7–8
852:
851:
787:
781:
779:Brown's funeral
759:Orlando Kellogg
701:
585:
580:
538:
536:Other proposals
506:
500:
490:soldiers sang "
454:
448:
394:
365:
364:
343:
335:
334:
283:
275:
274:
253:Bleeding Kansas
219:
211:
210:
91:
83:
82:
68:
56:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5560:
5558:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5524:
5523:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5486:Harriet Tubman
5483:
5478:
5476:Storer College
5473:
5466:
5462:Santa Fe Trail
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5394:
5389:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
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5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5328:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5305:
5302:Tragic Prelude
5298:
5291:
5284:
5277:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5252:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5159:
5158:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5117:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5070:George Sennott
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5050:Richard Parker
5047:
5045:James M. Mason
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5010:Samuel Chilton
5007:
5005:James Buchanan
5002:
4997:
4992:
4986:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4939:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4900:Albert Hazlett
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4850:
4844:
4842:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4820:
4813:
4805:
4797:
4796:
4785:. 2nd series.
4777:"A Brave Life"
4767:
4746:
4719:
4695:
4690:newspapers.com
4667:
4627:
4600:
4559:
4554:newspapers.com
4522:
4503:. p. 18.
4495:Times-Standard
4480:
4440:
4435:newspapers.com
4412:"Land patents"
4403:
4398:newspapers.com
4361:
4356:newspapers.com
4334:Sacramento Bee
4320:
4293:"Heavy fleece"
4284:
4254:
4249:newspapers.com
4213:
4176:
4171:newspapers.com
4135:
4111:
4091:
4086:newspapers.com
4046:
4002:
3981:
3951:
3946:newspapers.com
3909:
3858:
3802:
3797:newspapers.com
3757:
3736:
3713:Sandusky, Ohio
3695:
3690:newspapers.com
3654:
3649:newspapers.com
3618:
3594:
3589:newspapers.com
3552:
3547:newspapers.com
3516:
3491:
3467:
3431:
3399:
3394:newspapers.com
3356:
3351:newspapers.com
3318:
3300:Harpers Weekly
3286:
3254:
3249:newspapers.com
3213:
3192:
3187:newspapers.com
3150:
3145:newspapers.com
3109:
3072:
3048:
3043:newspapers.com
3034:Western Spirit
3019:
2996:
2983:The Liberator,
2976:newspapers.com
2945:
2912:
2886:
2881:newspapers.com
2867:. p. 13.
2844:
2807:
2802:newspapers.com
2771:
2739:
2699:
2664:
2629:
2603:
2563:
2519:
2514:newspapers.com
2483:
2452:
2411:
2364:
2321:
2283:
2278:newspapers.com
2242:
2237:newspapers.com
2201:
2188:The Liberator,
2181:newspapers.com
2141:
2118:
2084:
2042:
2006:Wise, Henry A.
1997:
1967:
1953:(2): 229–243.
1912:
1907:newspapers.com
1876:
1838:
1831:
1795:
1790:newspapers.com
1755:
1750:newspapers.com
1719:
1695:
1690:newspapers.com
1658:
1640:
1635:newspapers.com
1600:
1560:
1555:newspapers.com
1524:
1503:
1494:|journal=
1452:Wise, Henry A.
1443:
1436:
1409:
1398:(3/4): 74–77.
1376:
1371:newspapers.com
1335:
1330:newspapers.com
1299:
1279:Hunter, Andrew
1270:
1248:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1075:are replicas.)
1003:
1000:
992:Barclay Coppoc
945:Thaddeus Hyatt
908:
905:
841:, from nearby
801:, near modern
780:
777:
736:Lake Champlain
700:
697:
689:American House
673:Troy, New York
601:Hector Tyndale
584:
581:
579:
576:
537:
534:
499:
496:
450:Main article:
447:
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5359:Cloudsplitter
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5105:Henry A. Wise
5103:
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5091:
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5081:
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5065:James Redpath
5063:
5061:
5060:Richard Realf
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5043:
5041:
5040:Robert E. Lee
5038:
5036:
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5030:Andrew Hunter
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5026:
5023:
5021:
5020:Israel Greene
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4895:Shields Green
4893:
4891:
4890:Edwin Coppock
4888:
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4686:Salem, Oregon
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4407:
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4399:
4387:
4384:. p. 9.
4383:
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4365:
4362:
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4330:
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4003:
3998:
3997:
3996:The Liberator
3992:
3985:
3982:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3962:
3955:
3952:
3947:
3935:
3932:. p. 7.
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3633:
3632:The Liberator
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3590:
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3532:
3531:
3530:The Liberator
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3395:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3377:The Liberator
3373:
3367:
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3357:
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3328:
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3173:. p. 4.
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3039:Paola, Kansas
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3015:
3014:James Redpath
3011:
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2897:. MoonGiant.
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2219:Bangor, Maine
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2085:
2080:
2074:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2026:
2023:. p. 2.
2022:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
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1487:
1476:September 16,
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1447:
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1439:
1437:9781613735725
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1313:Baltimore Sun
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1249:9780608406626
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1219:
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1202:
1196:
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1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:Salem, Oregon
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1122:Frederick Low
1118:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:Decorah, Iowa
1074:
1073:covered wagon
1069:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1034:, one of the
1033:
1029:
1026:'s school in
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1001:
999:
997:
993:
989:
986:
982:
978:
974:
971:. Thoreau's "
970:
966:
965:F. B. Sanborn
962:
961:James Redpath
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
940:
935:
933:
928:
926:
925:James Redpath
922:
917:
914:
906:
904:
902:
901:James Redpath
895:
892:
886:
883:
881:
877:
872:
866:
863:
859:
854:
846:
844:
840:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
814:
810:
809:
804:
800:
791:
786:
776:
773:
771:
767:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
737:
733:
724:
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713:
705:
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686:
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645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
593:Robert E. Lee
590:
582:
577:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
551:
549:
545:
544:
535:
533:
531:
527:
526:Shields Green
523:
519:
515:
511:
505:
497:
495:
493:
489:
484:
482:
481:Henry A. Wise
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
453:
445:
443:
441:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
403:
391:
386:
384:
379:
377:
372:
371:
369:
368:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
350:
346:
345:
339:
338:
331:
330:
326:
324:
323:
319:
317:
314:
312:
311:
307:
305:
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298:
296:
295:
291:
289:
286:
285:
279:
278:
271:
268:
266:
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251:
249:
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244:
242:
241:
237:
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221:
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214:
207:
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202:
199:
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189:
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177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
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149:
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142:
139:
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129:
127:
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119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
93:
87:
86:
79:
78:Panic of 1857
76:
74:
71:
70:
64:
63:
60:
55:
46:
39:
38:
33:
28:
22:
5506:Walt Whitman
5501:Wakarusa War
5468:
5461:
5423:
5397:
5384:
5357:
5330:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5279:
5272:
5255:
5247:
5241:
5214:
5168:Kennedy Farm
5100:Walt Whitman
4963:Gerrit Smith
4875:Watson Brown
4865:Oliver Brown
4857:
4791:Google Books
4786:
4780:
4770:
4733:
4728:
4722:
4707:
4698:
4679:
4670:
4660:– via
4655:. Retrieved
4639:
4630:
4615:
4593:– via
4587:. Retrieved
4571:
4562:
4552:– via
4546:. Retrieved
4534:
4525:
4515:– via
4511:February 16,
4509:. Retrieved
4493:
4483:
4473:– via
4468:. Retrieved
4452:
4443:
4433:– via
4427:. Retrieved
4415:
4406:
4396:– via
4390:. Retrieved
4374:
4364:
4354:– via
4348:. Retrieved
4332:
4323:
4313:– via
4307:. Retrieved
4296:
4287:
4275:. Retrieved
4257:
4247:– via
4241:. Retrieved
4225:
4216:
4204:. Retrieved
4188:
4179:
4169:– via
4163:. Retrieved
4147:
4138:
4124:
4104:
4094:
4084:– via
4078:. Retrieved
4062:
4039:– via
4033:. Retrieved
4017:
4014:"Fine sheep"
3994:
3984:
3964:
3954:
3944:– via
3938:. Retrieved
3922:
3912:
3902:– via
3897:. Retrieved
3878:
3848:– via
3843:. Retrieved
3826:
3820:
3795:– via
3789:. Retrieved
3773:
3754:p. 225.
3746:
3739:
3729:– via
3725:February 18,
3723:. Retrieved
3707:
3698:
3688:– via
3682:. Retrieved
3670:
3647:– via
3641:. Retrieved
3630:
3621:
3608:
3587:– via
3581:. Retrieved
3565:
3555:
3545:– via
3539:. Retrieved
3528:
3519:
3513:. p. 2.
3504:
3494:
3485:
3459:. Retrieved
3450:
3444:
3434:
3423:. Retrieved
3412:
3402:
3392:– via
3386:. Retrieved
3375:
3349:– via
3343:. Retrieved
3330:
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