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general through it. That soon two companies on the right of the regiment gave way. That
Colonel Gunby then gave Lieutenant Colonel Howard orders to bring off the other four companies, which at that time appeared disposed to advance, except a few. That Lieutenant Colonel Howard brought off the four companies from the left and joined Colonel Gunby at the foot of the hill, about sixty yards in the rear. That Lieutenant Colonel Howard there found Colonel Gunby actively exerting himself in rallying the two companies that broke from the right, which he effected, and the regiment was again formed and gave a fire or two at enemy, which appeared on the hill in front. It also appeared from other testimony, that Colonel Gunby, at several other times, was active in rallying and forming his troops.
613:
939:. Unlike many of his contemporaries, Gunby avoided politics or using his fame from the war for personal gain. He kept to his farm devoting himself to agriculture. For some years he supported at least three families of Maryland officers killed during the Carolina Campaigns. Gunby was also known to help poor families build houses and awaiting their convenience for payment, promoting the construction of new roads, furnishing horse teams for those in need and contributing toward the maintenance of places of worship. Brigadier General Gunby was admitted as an original member of the
841:
The enemy had more than one third of their whole force engaged either killed or wounded, and we had no less than a quarter. Depend upon it, our actions have been bloody and severe, according to the force engaged, and we should have had Lord Rawdon and his whole command prisoners in three minutes, if
Colonel Gunby had not ordered his regiment to retire, the greatest part of which were advancing rapidly at the time they were ordered off. I was almost frantic with vexation at the disappointment. Fortune has not been our friend
784:
this time, Benjamin Ford of the 5th
Maryland was mortally wounded throwing his troops into disorder. Finding their flank in disarray and being threatened by a company of Irish troops Rawdon had brought up to strengthen his flank, the Maryland troops rallied briefly to fire a few rounds and then left the field in disorder. Seeing this, Rawdon quickly rallied his flagging troops and advanced, taking the field.
563:
780:
the right to wheel his men to the left and engage the
British on their flank with Ford to take his men and make a similar movement on the left. Greene ordered the two remaining regiments in the center to advance with bayonets and confront the enemy head on while Washington was to take his cavalry around the British left flank and attack the enemy in the rear.
852:
was the sole cause for the
Continental line breaking does not take into account that the two companies on Gunby's right had already broken the line and were falling back in confusion upon the death of Captain Beatty. The historian Benson John Lossing attributes the entire loss of victory to the death of Captain Beatty.
819:
It appears to the Court that
Colonel Guuby received orders to advance with his regiment and charge bayonet without firing. This order he immediately communicated to his regiment which advanced cheerfully for some distance, when a firing began on the right of the regiment, and in a short time became
783:
During the advance of the 1st
Maryland on the British left, Captain William Beatty jr. who was in command on the right of Gunby's regiment, was killed causing his company to stop their advance. Gunby ordered his men to stop their advance and fall back with the intention of reforming their line. At
321:
I am determined to join
American forces, come what will. We have little fear, for justice will dominate, and the colonies, as victors, will live to adopt a crown of freedom, not one of oppression. Your arguments, your entreaties your commands will avail nothing. For me, I would rather sink into a
867:
Lee offers another reason for the
American defeat at Hobkirk's Hill, suggesting that Greene's order to the Cavalry under Williams to circle around the British and attack them in the rear was a plausible explanation for the loss. As explained in his memoirs, if the Cavalry had been held in reserve,
840:
The troops were not to blame in the Camden affair; Gunby was the sole cause of the defeat; and I found him much more blameable afterwards, than I represented him in my public letters. The action of Camden was much more bloody, according to the numbers engaged, than that of
Guilford on both sides.
331:
When the Revolution began, Gunby joined the American forces and formed an independent military company at his own expense. The equipping and maintaining of this company, which was among the first to be organized, cost Gunby most of his wealth. The company, including officers, numbered a hundred and
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In addition, as mentioned in the tribunal's report, Gunby was apparently successful in rallying his troops who then fired one or two rounds at the oncoming British soldiers which would seem to indicate that the Maryland troops were not panicked as Greene's comments, the tribunal's report and Henry
851:
It has been pointed out that the tribunal paid no disrespect to Colonel Gunby, pointing out his "spirit and activity"; however, it clearly found him at fault for making an error in military tactics. Both the tribunal's and Greene's assertion that Gunby's order to his regiment to retire and reform
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Once having extricated his forces from the woods and forcing the pickets to retreat, Rawdon arrayed his forces and slowly advanced up the ridge towards the waiting Continentals. Greene, perceiving the British forces were presenting a narrow front, ordered an attack. Greene instructed Campbell on
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where John Gunby was born on March 10, 1745. During his youth, Gunby had many opportunities to deal with persons from different social classes as the Gunby home was considered a rendezvous for the people of the neighboring country and the family exercised substantial influence due to their large
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In the early part of the War, Gunby's company spent much of their time patrolling southern Maryland and breaking up Tory camps which were to be found on the lower part of the peninsula as Somerset County was a leading Tory stronghold. On August 16, 1776, the 2nd Independent Maryland Company was
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It appears, from the above report, that Colonel Gunby's spirit and activity were unexceptionable. But his order for the regiment to retire, which broke the line, was extremely improper and unmilitary, and, in all probability the only cause why we did not obtain a complete
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rather than order to attack the rear of the British force where they were held up by Rowsan's baggage train, William's troops could have been used to reinforce the line and reversing the gains made by the British reserve that had already been committed to the battle.
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Gunby, his command threatened on two fronts, ordered a fierce charge and swept Webster's forces from the field. He then wheeled his troops to face the oncoming guards unit. After a brief exchange of musket fire, in which Gunby's horse was shot from under him, the
544:, the British were able to achieve a decisive victory. The Maryland Troops, Gunby's company among them, deserted by their commander fought until they were pressed on all sides and forced to retreat. Two-fifths of the Marylanders were killed or wounded and
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addressed his troops and presented a pointed comment that Gunby apparently felt this was directed at him and he immediately applied for a court of inquiry to review his actions on the field. His request was granted by General Greene who named General
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to their left. On the extreme left, Greene placed the 5th Maryland under Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin Ford with the 1st Maryland, under Gunby's command, to their right. The artillery was placed in the center with North Carolina militia in the rear.
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had brought the artillery back to Hobkirk's Hill along with a supply of provisions which were distributed to the Continental troops. At around 11 am, while many of the Continentals were occupied with cooking and washing clothes, the advanced
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Nor did the tribunal or Greene appear to accept that Gunby's order for the four companies that were still advancing to reform their line to be a proper military tactic. Henry Lee, however, points out that this same maneuver had been performed by
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In all of these battles, Gunby commanded the 2nd Independent Maryland Company first as a captain until December 10, 1776, when he was commissioned as lieutenant colonel and then as a full colonel when he was promoted on April 17, 1777
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Having received intelligence from a deserter on April 24 that the Continental Artillery and Militia had been detached from Greene's main force, Rawdon decided to attack. However, on the morning of April 25, 1781 Lieutenant Colonel
848:, "Light Horse Harry", gave a different opinion in his memoirs of the war stating that the Maryland troops abandoned their position contrary to the efforts and example of Gunby and the other Continental officers on the field.
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712:. Greene hoped that by threatening the British garrisons in the state he could force Cornwallis to pursue him and then engage the British on ground favorable to his army. When Cornwallis did not pursue the
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Nothing could exceed the gallantry and firmness of both officers and soldiers upon this occasion. They preserved their order and pressed on with such unshaken resolution that they bore down all before
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moved his forces, surrounded the city where Lincoln's army had taken refuge and cut off any chance of relief for the Continental Army. Prior to his surrender, Lincoln had been able to get messages to
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in 1775 and fought for the American cause until the end earning praise as probably the most brilliant soldier whom Maryland contributed to the War of Independence. Gunby was also the grandfather of
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Gunby continued in the capacity of commander of the 1st Maryland Regiment until the regiment was furloughed and all of its business concluded. Prior to his resigning his commission, he was given a
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After brief aggressive maneuvering which threatened the British position in the Carolinas, Cornwallis moved his forces to engage the American forces. The two armies engaged one another in the
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detected the British forces who had gained the American left by marching a circuit of great distance and keeping close to a swamp that was next to the ridge occupied by the Continental Army.
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After the British forces had broken Greene's first line made up of North Carolina Militia and the second line made up of Virginia Militia, they threatened the third line made up by the
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767:, were able to delay the British advance giving Greene time to give orders and address his forces distribution. Greene placed the a Virginia Regiment under Lieutenant Colonel
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was appointed commander of the Southern Department on October 5, 1780, and assumed command on December 2, 1780. In early January 1781, Greene detached four companies of the
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Greene, not able to see this part of the battle from his vantage point, had already ordered a retreat. Thus, unsupported, the Maryland troops were soon forced to withdraw.
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The Court, whereof Brigadier General Huger is president, appointed to inquire into the conduct Colonel Gunby, in the action of the 25th ultimo, report as follows, namely:
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Although specific information is lacking, it is known that the 2nd Independent Maryland Company under Gunby's command participated in the following battles/campaigns:
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Regardless that both the tribunal and Greene found fault with Gunby for his actions at Hobkirk Hill, Gunby was retained as commander of the 1st Maryland Regiment.
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and did not arrive in Petersburg, Virginia, until the middle of June, almost a month after Lincoln had surrendered his army. The Continental Congress appointed
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653:, captured two field pieces and threatened the rear of Gunby's forces, who were already engaged with sizable force under the command of a Colonel Webster.
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was mortally wounded. Prior to his death three days later, deKalb paid a glowing tribute to the Maryland Troop under his command.
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was stationed with 900 troops. Rawdon learned of Greene's approach and readied his forces to repel an attack. Upon arriving at
1259:
Historical Register of Officers of the Continental Army during the War of the Revolution. New, enlarged, and revised edition.
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with 1,400 Maryland and Delaware troops. The Maryland Line made up a large portion of this force.
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pursued the British force for a short time before deciding to take his forces into
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is said to have collected seven swords surrendered to him by British officers.
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on the extreme right with another Virginia Regiment under Lieutenant Colonel
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land holdings and sea vessels with which they engaged in coastal trade.
1238:, address before the Eastern Shore Society of Baltimore City Circa 1939
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with the intent of engaging the British Army, now under the command of
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to a farm at Gunby's Creek, an inlet of Pocomoke Bay, near present-day
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1253:
Muster Rolls of Service of Maryland Troops in the American Revolution
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Greene was firm in his belief that Gunby was the sole reason for the
716:, Greene chose to reduce the British garrisons scattered throughout
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Memoirs of the War in the Southern Department of the United States
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requesting aid. At the end of April 1780, Washington dispatched
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History of Maryland: From the Earliest Period to the Present Day
931:. His father, who died in 1788, bequeathed him a large farm in
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In the spring of 1775, at the age of 30, Gunby volunteered as a
479:, the Southern Department of the Continental Army retreated to
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three men. On January 2, 1776, he was elected captain of the
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with Gunby continuing to command the 1st Maryland Regiment.
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continued to distinguish itself in the later battles of the
832:'s loss at Hobkirk Hill. On August 6, 1781, in a letter to
649:, under the command of a Colonel Stewart, broke through the
805:, Colonel Harrison of the artillery and Lieutenant Colonel
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After the successful retreat across the Dan River, General
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General deKalb's forces took almost a month to descend the
1261:
Washington, D.C.: Rare Book Shop Publishing Company, 1914.
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Gunby was in command of his company as they charged the
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where he had previously ordered supplies to be sent.
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Strasburg, VA: Shenandoah Publishing House, Inc. 1938
1307:
Original Members and Other Officers Eligible to the
301:. Around 1710, his grandfather moved the family to
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885:Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War
334:2nd Independent Maryland Company – Somerset County
812:On May 2, the Court published their conclusions:
540:. Due to several tactical errors on the part of
1065:
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898:wrote in his official report of the engagement:
900:
838:
814:
594:. The British force was completely routed and
319:
322:patriots grave then wear the crown of England.
1359:People of Maryland in the American Revolution
8:
1300:The American Revolution and the War of 1812
18:
266:". He entered service volunteering as a
1275:Life of George Washington Second Edition
720:in order to force the British back into
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16:American planter and soldier (1745–1807)
1354:Continental Army officers from Maryland
1243:Colonel John Gunby of the Maryland Line
951:
536:on August 16, 1780, six miles north of
250:(March 10, 1745 – May 17, 1807) was an
890:Of the Maryland Line's actions at the
836:, Greene stated his position bluntly:
809:of the cavalry to conduct the review.
641:, under the command of Gunby, and the
1379:People from Somerset County, Maryland
7:
763:The advanced pickets, under Captain
731:as well as a force of Cavalry under
366:Battles under Command of John Gunby
468:After the unsuccessful attempt to
14:
1329:The American Revolution Institute
735:—with all possible speed towards
626:chose to offer battle to General
422:New York and New Jersey campaign
407:New York and New Jersey campaign
392:New York and New Jersey campaign
363:2nd Independent Maryland Company
165:2ND Independent Maryland Company
133:2ND Independent Maryland Company
1374:People from Crisfield, Maryland
475:, under the command of General
348:'s quota of troops towards the
1369:18th-century American planters
864:Lee's account seem to allude.
617:Battle of Guilford Court House
608:Battle of Guilford Court House
602:Battle of Guilford Court House
340:ordered north to join General
225:Battle of Guilford Court House
1:
1324:The Society of the Cincinnati
672:The Battle of Hobkirk's Hill
587:and won a decisive victory.
285:The Gunby family arrived in
1012:Archives of Maryland p. 363
923:After mustering out of the
665:, who were quickly routed.
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1302:New York Book Concern 1875
1264:Greene, Francis Vinton D.
985:Archives of Maryland p. 20
933:Worcester County, Maryland
702:Wilmington, North Carolina
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632:Greensboro, North Carolina
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195:American Revolutionary War
1364:Continental Army generals
1309:Society of the Cincinnati
1268:Appleton and Company 1893
1246:The Robert Clarke Company
941:Society of the Cincinnati
929:Somerset County, Maryland
927:, Gunby returned home to
596:Lieutenant Colonel Howard
485:General Sir Henry Clinton
360:
289:around 1660, coming from
256:Somerset County, Maryland
254:planter and soldier from
794:Battle of Hobkirk's Hill
687:Battle of Hobkirk's Hill
678:Battle of Hobkirk's Hill
414:Second Battle of Trenton
230:Battle of Hobkirk's Hill
210:Second Battle of Trenton
1251:Archives of Maryland –
1241:Gunby, Andrew Augustus
1096:Marshall Vol II pp. 5–6
915:on September 30, 1783.
892:Battle of Eutaw Springs
235:Battle of Eutaw Springs
1298:Lossing, Benson John
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737:Camden, South Carolina
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538:Camden, South Carolina
384:Battle of White Plains
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275:Ephraim King Wilson II
200:Battle of White Plains
935:, two miles south of
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659:1st Maryland Regiment
651:2nd Maryland Regiment
643:2nd Maryland Regiment
639:1st Maryland Regiment
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592:British 71st Regiment
577:1st Maryland Regiment
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452:Philadelphia campaign
437:Philadelphia campaign
180:1st Maryland Regiment
175:2nd Maryland Regiment
170:7th Maryland Regiment
148:1st Maryland Regiment
143:2nd Maryland Regiment
138:7th Maryland Regiment
77:Years of service
1289:Scharf, John Thomas
1257:Heitman, Francis B.
1057:Marshall Vol II p. 5
694:Guilford Court House
671:
493:Continental Congress
429:Battle of Brandywine
215:Battle of Brandywine
1177:Lossing pp. 473–475
741:Lord Francis Rawdon
433:September 11, 1777
344:'s army as part of
299:Queen Anne's County
59:Snow Hill, Maryland
1236:J. Harry Covington
1030:Greene pp. 228–233
792:The day after the
733:William Washington
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516:Charles Cornwallis
489:General Washington
444:Battle of Monmouth
403:December 26, 1776
297:, and settling in
117:September 30, 1783
100:Lieutenant Colonel
913:brigadier general
647:Brigade of Guards
585:Banastre Tarleton
567:Battle of Cowpens
558:Battle of Cowpens
552:Battle of Cowpens
473:Savannah, Georgia
464:Southern Campaign
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399:Battle of Trenton
388:October 28, 1776
342:George Washington
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115:Brigadier General
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1272:Marshall, John
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1150:Scharf p. 420
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1138:
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1129:
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1123:Greene p. 242
1120:
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1102:
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994:Scharf p. 192
991:
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943:of Maryland.
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911:promotion to
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858:Daniel Morgan
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581:Daniel Morgan
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542:Horatio Gates
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260:Maryland Line
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70:United States
68:
64:
60:
51:
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40:
36:
31:
27:
20:
1306:
1299:
1290:
1283:
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1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1168:Gunby p. 111
1164:
1155:
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1132:Gunby p. 109
1128:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1087:Green p. 239
1083:
1074:
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1044:
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1008:
999:
990:
981:
972:
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922:
906:
901:
889:
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870:
866:
862:
860:at Cowpens.
854:
850:
844:
839:
827:
822:
818:
815:
811:
791:
782:
778:
773:Samuel Hawes
762:
749:
729:Continentals
726:
691:
667:
661:charged the
655:
636:
621:
589:
571:
531:
501:
467:
458:
362:
361:
354:
338:
330:
320:
312:
284:
247:
246:
188:Battles/wars
54:(1807-05-17)
52:May 17, 1807
1349:1807 deaths
1344:1745 births
1114:Gunby p. 73
1078:Gunby p. 70
1048:Gunby p. 68
1021:Gunby p. 44
1003:Gunby p. 31
967:Gunby p. 13
834:Joseph Reed
663:Guards unit
262:under Gen.
1338:Categories
1229:References
1195:Lee p. 226
1159:Lee p. 225
894:, General
807:Washington
796:, General
753:Carrington
722:Charleston
698:Cornwallis
628:Cornwallis
281:Early life
248:John Gunby
72:of America
66:Allegiance
23:John Gunby
958:Covington
947:Footnotes
937:Snow Hill
875:Later war
846:Henry Lee
378:Campaign
327:Early War
315:minuteman
307:Crisfield
291:Yorkshire
268:minuteman
264:Smallwood
80:1775–1783
769:Campbell
491:and the
346:Maryland
287:Maryland
252:American
156:Commands
39:Maryland
824:victory
758:pickets
645:. The
470:capture
372:Battle
295:England
272:Senator
106:Colonel
94:Captain
1234:Judge
909:brevet
896:Greene
798:Greene
745:Camden
739:where
706:Greene
692:After
624:Greene
112:Brevet
61:, U.S.
903:them.
803:Huger
375:Date
1248:1902
879:The
124:Unit
85:Rank
49:Died
29:Born
483:.
1340::
1062:^
724:.
696:,
634:.
518:.
352:.
336:.
293:,
277:.
41:,
37:,
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