2232:, p. 1, Introduction" I must be thankful of the experiences which have led me...only two or three years after qualifying in psychology, I had the good fortune to be chosen to plan and conduct the first largescale experiment on children's reading in Britain. This was the experiment with Sir James Pitman's initial teaching alphabet or i.t.a. This had far reaching effects on reading education in Britain. It led, through the controversy it stimulated, to a much greater interest in the problems of reading and learning to read"
555:, consisting of an alternative alphabet and regular spelling system were used instead of the irregular traditional English orthography. Downing spent seven years in the role, studying the initial teaching alphabet, he was to credit this key time as providing him with the crucial insights which inspired the majority of his later academic work. It was during this time that Downing attained his PhD and both began to be known as Dr. John Downing and became a senior lecturer of Educational Psychology.
4524:, p. 11(ii) (electronic, 6(II) (paper)" With his move to Canada in 1970, when he became Professor of Psychological Foundations in Education at Victoria University, British Columbia, John Downing's work expanded in two dimensions. One was the psychology of reading generally, with a succession of works such as Reading and reasoning, Language Awareness and learning to Read, Reading Readiness, and most recently the major survey Psychology of Reading."
1909:... When groups of t.o. and i.t.a. children were matched in the main British experiments, the writing produced by the latter was of consistently higher quality. (Downing and Latham subsequently tested a sample of the children originally involved in this experiment and found that the i.t.a. pupils remained superior in t.o. reading and spelling even after five years at school, i.e. well beyond the transition stage)."
4833:, p. 11(iii) (electronic, 6(iii) paper, 3. Professor John Downing — a Tribute" The other dimension was the international one, which is of great importance because it provides a basis of objective comparison with English. His main work here was Comparative Reading, a cross-national study of reading in 14 countries, but a further work, — Cognitive Psychology and Reading in the USSR, will appear posthumously."
2244:, p. 11(iv) (electronic), 6(iv) (paper), 3. Professor John Downing — a Tribute" From 1960 to 1969 he was Head of Reading Research at the University of London Institute of Education, and then Senior Lecturer in Psychology. In those years he led the investigation into the effectiveness of the Initial Teaching Alphabet as a teaching medium, culminating in his report Evaluating the Initial Teaching Alphabet,"
25:
420:
form many enduring friendships. On initial introduction to new people, he had the uncanny ability to remember their names and where they both lived and worked, he also was quick and magnanimous in giving recognition to his colleagues and finally he was generous in providing assistance to his colleagues, altogether he was known as someone with a perpetually friendly manner.
2063:, p. 12(ii) (electronic), 7(ii) (paper), 3. Professor John Downing — a Tribute" His perpetually cheery face radiated friendliness and good will, aided in no small way by his habit of wearing loud check jackets and a bootlace badge tie, characteristics which seemed not so much to contrast with as to complement his otherwise quiet manner."
1932:"John Downing carried out the crucial scientific research which not merely demonstrated how and why the initial teaching alphabet was educationally so superior to traditional orthography, but also provided solid evidence to support the Society's message that the level of literacy would benefit from improvements in English spelling."
2147:, p. 11 (electronic), 6 (paper), 3. Professor John Downing — a Tribute" John Downing's career was based upon, and in a sense never forgot, his years as classroom teacher in elementary, secondary and special education schools between 1947 and 1957: the mind of the learning child remained his fundamental concern."
83:
1570:, which was his crowning achievement as an educational psychologist. Much of Downing's later work was either the application of the theory or studies through the lens of the theory. As well as publishing a large number of academic papers, Downing's major academic works in this area of research were: -
1895:
Firstly, the committee was concerned that the country may be falling behind others in levels of literacy, also the committee sought to identify good practices in other countries on difficult subjects such as the organisation of schooling. For both these reasons, Downing was consulted as an expert in
1627:
is the Young Set
Dictionaries which Downing co-authored. The theory suggests that children have their own vocabulary of words which they desire to read and write rather than the vocabulary which adults desire to teach them. The mis-match often caused difficulties in learning to read, as such Downing
519:
essential in his later works and often stated how he was often baffled by children's difficulties in learning to read. Downing also studied for his degree in
Psychology during the later period of his teaching career and only ended his teaching career after successfully completing his degree course.
1876:
has attracted great public attention and has been the subject of heated argument. Should the claims made for the use of this alphabet be substantiated, it would mean that all but a small minority of those children who find reading difficult would find it so no longer. Since at present a substantial
1650:
Downing's study of the initial teaching alphabet provided insight into how a language's linguistic characteristics and orthography could influence how children learn to read, as such he explored and compared learning to read in different languages and effectively launched a brand new field of study
419:
Downing was known for his trademark dress code in which he wore bold check jackets with unusual bootlace badge ties, fashion characteristics which contrasted with his kind, quiet and scholarly manner. He had a couple of personal traits which endeared him to most of his colleagues and allowed him to
2075:, p. 12(iv) (electronic), 7(i) (paper), 3. Professor John Downing — a Tribute" He became a personal friend of almost everyone he met, remembering their first names, where they lived and worked, and it was never too much trouble to send some useful literature from the other side of the globe."
415:
Downing was born in
England in 1922 and married Marianne Downing who often took on the role of his research assistant. They had three children together: - Andrew Downing, Charles Downing and Rupert Downing. He emigrated from England to Canada in 1970 but spent several periods of time working in
1426:
series of reading books. To remediate this, Downing wrote the
Downing Readers which were designed specifically for the i.t.a. and these were all published in the 1960s, although eventually, there were several authors for the Downing readers, Downing was the accredited author of the following: -
632:
to teach children to read. He was amply supported by the fourteen colleagues in the reading research unit, in particular his deputy
William Latham who was accredited in some of the academic publications. The unit was further supplemented by seven senior lecturers from educational colleges who
518:
After starting his teacher training in 1947, Downing spent nearly a decade until 1957 acquiring practical experience in teaching children at elementary, secondary and special schools, in particular, he taught children to read and write from kindergarten age, Downing considered this experience
431:
Downing continually improved his education throughout his life, while interspersing his learning with professional and academic work. He attained his teaching certificate in his twenties, his degree in his thirties, his PhD in his forties and was finally awarded the higher doctoral degree of
2004:
Oakley
Teacher Training College was set-up as an emergency training college for intending teachers on the redundant government buildings at Oakley Farm. The Training College for Men opened in June 1946, offering an intensive 48 week training course, the college closed in March 1951.
659:
Downing published a large body of academic work related to the initial teaching alphabet both whilst he was the director of the reading research unit and afterwards when he became a professor, this is comprehensively listed in his vitae, the more notable papers are listed below: -
2295:, p. 260, VII. A 2nd i.t.a. experiment to provide more control" sixteen head-teachers agreed,..., to take part in the experiment and to allow all of their 1963/64 entrants to participate. Over the whole school year this yielded 548 experimental and 554 control pupils"
1899:
Secondly, the merits of the initial teaching alphabet were considered by the committee and
Downing as the leading expert in the field, was consulted. The committee referred back to the evidence from the original largescale scientific studies carried out by Downing:
5057:, p. 114, Chapter 7 – Reading in The Early Years – References" 11. JA Downing The i.t.a. Symposium NFER: 1967. 12. JA Downing and W Latham A follow-up of children in the first i.t.a. experiment British Journal of Educational Psychology, 39: 1969."
3801:, p. 11(vi) (electronic), 6(vi) (paper)" In those years he (Downing) led the investigation into the effectiveness of the Initial Teaching Alphabet as a teaching medium, culminating in his report Evaluating the Initial Teaching Alphabet,"
2027:, p. 12(i) (electronic), 7 (paper), 3. Professor John Downing — a Tribute" We offer our sympathy to Marianne, his widow from their close marriage (she attended some of the Society's meetings), and to their now adult children."
2268:, p. 2, Acknowledgements" Each year since 1961 at least one lecturer from a college of education has been seconded to the Reading Research Unit. They have made valuable contributions to the conduct of the i.t.a. experiments."
2051:, p. 11(v) (electronic), 6(v) paper, 3. Professor John Downing — a Tribute" With his move to Canada in 1970, when he became Professor of Psychological Foundations in Education at Victoria University, British Columbia"
5021:, p. 563, Appendix A – List of witnesses and sources of evidence – 1. Witnesses who gave oral evidence – II. Individuals" Professor John Downing, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, British Columbia."
2256:, p. vii, Acknowledgements" The important role of my colleague Mr. William Latham is recognized ..for his overall partnership in the conduct of all the i.t.a. experimental work of the Reading Research Unit."
1552:"i.t.a. as a transitional writing-system for beginning reading and writing in English generally produces superior results in traditional orthography reading and spelling by the end of third year of school"
347:
who started his career as a teacher then worked as an academic from 1960 until his death in 1987. He published over 300 academic papers in his 27-year academic career, specialising in both how children
1409:– Evaluating the Initial Teaching Alphabet – A study of the influence of English orthography on learning to read and write, it was this book which was the final culmination of all his research efforts.
1662:
Identify the universal psychological characteristics in the acquisition of reading skills across the world by taking into account the differences caused by languages, orthographies and school systems.
633:
served one-year secondments on a rotating basis. During his time at the reading research unit, Downing carried out two scientifically controlled, largescale trials of the initial teaching alphabet: -
607:
In addition, Downing also served as a visiting professor for shorter durations in
Australia, China, Finland and the Soviet Union. This was especially important later in his career for his study of
580:, where he taught the course on the psychology of reading and worked with masters and doctoral students researching this topic. Downing accredited this period of time as when the seeds of the
5324:
562:, British Columbia, Canada, which he held until his death. It was during this time, following his emigration to Canada, that he produced some of his most significant academic works.
5319:
1927:, as chairman of the simplified spelling society in 1972, a post he was to hold until his death. After his death, the society published the following obituary in its journal: -
2087:, p. 12(iii) (electronic) 7(iii) (paper), 3. Professor John Downing — a Tribute" He was quick to give recognition and assistance to others, and had a multitude of friends."
1872:, anxious about his own child's progress in reading, complained about 'our lying alphabet'. How great an obstacle is it to children who have difficulty in learning to read? The
1679:
Downing continued to compare how reading was taught in different countries through the lens of his theory all the way to his death in 1987. One of his last researches was in
4886:, p. 1" The other main direction of Dr. Downing's research has been investigating how children learn to read in different languages and varying cultural backgrounds."
5045:, p. 212, Chapter 13 – The Primary & Middle Years – References" 4. J Downing (ed.) Comparative Reading Macmillan, New York: 1973. 6. J Downing (ed.) op. cit."
4985:, p. 509, (v) Individuals who gave oral evidence to the council" Mr JA Downing, Director, Reading Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London."
2715:
1703:
Downing made eight keynote addresses to the bi-annual international congress on reading held by UNESCO and the
International Reading Association, now known as the
399:, who awarded him with the International Citation of Merit and inducted him into their Hall of Fame. The government called on Downing to give evidence to both the
5314:
544:
280:
241:
1624:
1567:
581:
369:
356:, the psychology of reading and the comparison of reading methods across different languages and cultures. His principle works in each of these fields were
5309:
5304:
1391:– The Initial Teaching Alphabet Reading Experiment – Three Lectures on the Research in Beginning Reading with Sir James Pitman's Initial Teaching Alphabet
644:
participated with 873 pupils being taught over 3 academic years using the i.t.a. compared with the same number of matched pupils who acted as the control.
5157:
547:
where he took-up the newly formed role of director of the reading research unit. The reading research unit was created to run a trial of James Pitman's
5185:
3739:
The
Initial Teaching Alphabet Reading Experiment: Three Lectures on the Research in Beginning Reading with Sir James Pitman's Initial Teaching Alphabet
4997:, p. 516, (ii) Individuals who submitted written evidence" Mr JA Downing, Reading Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London."
5198:
650:
Sixteen schools participated with 548 pupils being taught over 3 academic years using the i.t.a. compared with 554 pupils who acted as the control.
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Socialise out, the rich variety of successful teaching methods used by different societies which are often unknown outside of their own language.
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After leaving his role as director of the reading research unit and taking up post as professor of psychological foundations in education at
423:
After a 3-month struggle with cancer over the spring of 1987, Downing eventually succumbed to his illness and died on June 2, 1987, aged 65.
1891:
into the teaching in schools of reading and the other uses of English. There were two broad areas where Downing's expertise was sought: -
1888:
641:
404:
5033:, p. 33, Chapter 2 – Standards of Reading – References & Notes" 5. (ed) J Downing Comparative Reading Macmillan: New York: 1973."
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1113:
1077:
869:
819:
731:
695:
392:
171:
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1986:
1977:
1968:
1832:
1777:
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1284:
577:
396:
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380:
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Downing won the award of Doctor of Literature by the University of London near the end of his career. He was elected a fellow of the
197:
167:
39:
35:
5171:
1265:
713:
4844:
1566:, Downing built on his i.t.a. work by focusing on children's thought processes in learning to read, to this end he developed the
601:
1849:
As one of the leading experts on the initial teaching alphabet, Downing gave written and in-person evidence to the influential
1651:"comparative reading" named after his original academic work on this subject where he compared reading across 14 countries: -
1857:
Paragraph 588 of the report describes the committee's resulting thoughts on the subject of the initial teaching alphabet: -
1422:
transliterated into i.t.a. but originally designed specifically around the nuances of traditional orthography, such as the
1950:
1680:
376:
368:
g. Fundamentally, Downing was an educational psychologist and his main lifetime achievement was the formulation of the
2358:"The relationship between reading attainment and the inconsistency of English spelling at the infants' school stage"
2357:
955:
51:
3308:
2731:"The Effects of the Initial Teaching Alphabet on Educationally Subnormal Pupils ‐‐ a Survey of Teachers' Reports"
2319:"Research Note: New experimental evidence on the role of the unsystematic spelling of English in reading failure"
1924:
1873:
625:
548:
353:
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344:
146:
82:
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3817:. The Inititial Teaching Alphabet – Materials: Association for Childhood Education International. p. 10.
1869:
1787:
Chairman of the special interest group for international co-operation in research and development in reading
1942:
Downing received recognition for his distinguished contributions in the field of educational psychology: -
1765:
In 1963, Downing became the founding president of the United Kingdom Reading Association, now known as the
3528:
2852:
Annual Conference and Course on Reading (23d, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., July 10–21, 1967)
1563:
559:
284:
256:
3604:
3400:
2952:
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By the end of his study, Downing's principle conclusion on the initial teaching alphabet (i.t.a.) was: -
5202:
3533:
Paper Presented at Annual Meeting of the International Reading Association (18th, Denver, May 1–4, 1973)
2709:
1959:
591:
388:
5289:
5284:
2039:, p. 10, Acknowledgements" my family ought to be thanked...Marianne, Andrew, Charles and Rupert"
1665:
Catalogue, classify and assess how people read and learn to read in different languages and cultures.
540:
531:
in England between 1958 and 1960. This was a short interlude between his teaching and academic work.
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487:
473:
437:
221:
1628:
co-compiled a multi-stage dictionary of words which children desired to be in their dictionaries: -
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3585:
1302:
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1095:
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1007:
785:
749:
4918:
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3451:
3363:"i. t. a.'s Effectiveness in the Prevention and Treatment of Disabilities in Reading and Writing"
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3212:
3135:
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3041:
3002:
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2828:
2789:
2658:
2563:
2525:
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1336:
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4973:, p. 223, References" 2. Downing JA 'Initial Teaching Alphabet', Cassell & Co., 1966."
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1831:
In 1987, Downing was inducted onto the Reading Hall of Fame, an affiliated organisation of the
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3251:
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By 1975, Downing, as an expert in teaching children to read & write, gave evidence to the
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276:
237:
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Wales, National Foundation for Educational Research in England and; Downing, John A. (1967).
1776:, who awarded him with the International Citation of Merit in 1984. Downing's roles for the
1653:
Comparative Reading – Cross-national Studies of Behavior and Processes in Reading and Writing
4807:
Comparative Reading: Cross-national Studies of Behavior and Processes in Reading and Writing
4630:
Linguistic Awareness in Reading Readiness (LARR) Test: Recognizing literacy behaviour (2 v.)
3693:
3654:
3615:
3501:
3412:
3243:
3166:
3111:
2963:
2878:
2742:
2689:
2594:
2400:
2369:
2330:
566:
558:
In 1970, Downing took up the post of Professor of Psychological Foundations in Education at
217:
1853:'to consider primary education in all its aspects and the transition to secondary education
527:
After graduating Downing left teaching and worked as a communications research officer for
5257:
1163:
921:
903:
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1676:
as a teaching aid, this was published in the journal Forward Trends on 15 October 1971.
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Linguistic Awareness in Reading Readiness (LARR) Test: Recognizing literacy behaviour,
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New experimental evidence on the role of the unsystematic spelling in reading failure
5278:
3139:
2196:
2194:
2192:
624:
As the director of the reading research unit, Downing spent seven years studying the
3382:"The Orthography Factor in Literacy Acquistion [sic] in Different Languages"
3505:
1920:
1419:
629:
316:
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i.t.a.'s effectiveness in the prevention and treatment of disabilities in reading
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The Downing Readers: Cum and lwk ; stories by Faith Graham and Dilys Beeston
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As an example, one of Downing's early academic papers was on the use of Japanese
4048:
The Story Ov the Ballae "coppaelia" [The Story of the Ballet "Coppelia"]
2213:
2211:
2209:
2097:
1793:
Chairman of committee on voluntary service for literacy in third world countries
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Relationship between reading attainment & inconsistency of English spelling
565:
Three times during his career, Downing took up positions of some longevity as a
552:
884:
The effects of the initial teaching alphabet on educationally subnormal pupils
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1378:
In addition, Downing published five books on the initial teaching alphabet: -
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1403:– The i.t.a. Symposium: Research Report on the British Experiment with i.t.a.
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which also notably took him to Japan & Papua New Guinea as a researcher.
3681:
156:
3682:"Results of teaching reading IN i.t.a. to children with cognitive deficits"
3642:
3470:
3331:
3231:
3154:
2865:
Downing, John; Cartwright, Daphne; Jones, Barbara; Latham, William (1967).
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2730:
2677:
2582:
2388:
2318:
1790:
Chairman of the special interest group for the language-experience approach
1683:, so it was a natural laboratory for his final work. He titled his work;- "
3773:
The I.t.a. Symposium: Research Report on the British Experiment with I.t.a
3490:"Transfer of Grapheme Discrimination from Cued to Traditional Orthography"
4552:. University of London Press for the United Kingdom Reading Association.
1673:
1397:– An Experimental Study of Orthography and Reading Attainments in English
1367:
Results of teaching reading in i.t.a. to children with cognitive defects
1262:
Transfer of grapheme discrimination from cued to traditional orthography
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3570:
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An Experimental Study of Orthography and Reading Attainments in English
3131:
3099:
2809:"Will i.t.a. Copyright Prevent Improvements? (A Response from Downing)"
1772:
He also held several prominent roles with its sister organisation, the
387:
Psychology Learned Societies & Associations and as a fellow to the
349:
266:
111:
2898:
2866:
1194:
The orthography factor in literacy acquisition in different languages
918:
Will i.t.a. copyright prevent improvements? (a response from Downing)
436:
in his sixties as an acknowledgment of his academic successes by the
3776:. National Foundation for Educational Research in England and Wales.
352:
and how they learn to read. His three main fields of study were the
5136:
Bye, Alun; Jolly, Chris; Threadgall, Ronald; Yule, Valerie (1987).
3381:
3362:
3115:
2882:
2678:"The effects of the i.t.a. on young children's written composition"
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other parts of the world, especially the United States of America.
5173:
Vita – List of Published Writings of John Downing B.A. Ph.D. D.Lit
2186:, p. 3(ii), Educational background / Professional experience.
1418:
The initial teaching alphabet started being taught using existing
866:
The effects of the i.t.a. on young children's written composition
4937:, p. 2(iv), Memberships (International Reading Association).
551:, a novel approach to teaching children to read where an interim
1641:
Chambers Young Set Dictionary Four (15,000 words for ages 10–11)
4627:
Downing, John A.; Ayers, John Douglas; Schaefer, Brian (1983).
3488:
Oliver, Peter R.; May, Richard B.; Downing, John (1973-06-01).
1695:
The major academic highlights of John Downing's career were: –
16:
British Educational Psychologist practiced from 1960 until 1987
1638:
Chambers Young Set Dictionary Three (5,000 words for ages 8–9)
18:
4681:
Downing, John (1985). "Designing dictionaries for children".
3309:"Promising Uses of the i.t.a. Medium in Britain and Michigan"
2389:"Is a 'Mental Age of Six' Essential for 'Reading' Readiness?"
1896:
the field of comparative reading between different countries.
1877:
minority find difficulty, the claims merit careful scrutiny."
1144:
Promising uses of the i..t.a. medium in Britain and Michigan
539:
In 1960, after his time at Unilever, Downing returned to the
5131:. Journal 3: 35 – via The Simplified Spelling Society.
3586:"After 15 years of i.t.a. in England – an official judgment"
1635:
Chambers Young Set Dictionary Two (1,000 words for ages 6–7)
728:
Is a 'mental age of six' essential for 'reading' readiness?
5179:. Reading Hall of Fame – International Reading Association.
2676:
Downing, John; Fyfe, Thomas; Lyon 1, Michael (1967-02-01).
2506:"The I.T.A. (Initial Teaching Alphabet) Reading Experiment"
1685:
Experiments in Linguistics and Literacy in Papua New Guinea
1658:
Downing described the three aims of this field of study: -
1385:– The Initial Teaching Alphabet – Explained and Illustrated
1317:
After 15 Years of i.t.a. in England – an official judgment
2867:"Methodological Problems in the British i. t. a. Research"
1632:
Chambers Young Set Dictionary One (160 words for ages 4–5)
782:
The i.t.a. (initial teaching alphabet) reading experiment
5201:(Report). Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Archived from
5188:(Report). Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Archived from
5186:
The Plowden Report aka Children and their Primary Schools
4435:
The Downing Readers Transfer Series: Saved from the cliff
5225:(1987/3): 11–12 – via Simplified Spelling Society.
4452:
The Downing Readers Transfer Series: Trapped in the well
3722:
The Initial Teaching Alphabet: Explained and Illustrated
2583:"Some problems of evaluating i.t.a. a second experiment"
1580:, published originally by the University of London Press
4750:
Brown, Amy Louise; Sceats, John; Downing, John (1983).
3605:"The Probability of Reading Failure in i.t.a. and t.o."
1720:– 4th International Congress on Reading in Buenos Aires
1590:, published originally by Chambers and Springer-Verlag
952:
Methodological problems in the British i.t.a. research
816:
Some problems of evaluating i.t.a. a second experiment
47:
5090:
5078:
3811:
Smith, Nila Banton; Strickland, Ruth Gertrude (1969).
3643:"Sensory handicaps and the initial teaching alphabet"
3232:"Cautionary comments on some American i.t.a. reports"
1761:
United Kingdom and international reading associations
1750:– 10th International Congress on Reading in Hong Kong
1333:
The probability of reading failure in i.t.a. and T.O
391:. In 1963, Downing was the founding president of the
4925:, p. 2, Recognitions in Educational Psychology.
4512:, p. 293, VII. Conclusions and Recommendations.
3100:"Initial Teaching Alphabet: Results after Six Years"
2163:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1.
1732:– 6th International Congress on Reading in Singapore
1681:
Papua New Guinea which had over 800 spoken languages
1351:
Sensory handicaps and the initial teaching alphabet
1110:
Cautionary comments on some American i.t.a. reports
4777:Brown, Amy L.; Sceats, John; John, Downing (1984).
2428:"The Augmented Roman Alphabet for Learning to Read"
1056:Initial teaching alphabet: results after six years
322:
312:
290:
272:
262:
252:
247:
231:
213:
208:
193:
185:
177:
162:
152:
141:
133:
118:
93:
73:
1756:– 11th International Congress on Reading in London
1738:– 7th International Congress on Reading in Hamburg
746:The augmented Roman alphabet for learning to read
395:, he also served on the board of directors of the
189:Andrew Downing, Charles Downing and Rupert Downing
5325:Fellows of the American Psychological Association
4187:An Adventuer on Ies [An Adventure on Ice]
1802:Member of several bi-annual congress programs: -
1744:– 9th International Congress on Reading in Dublin
1726:– 5th International Congress on Reading in Vienna
1623:An interesting example of the application of the
462:Oakley College of Education, Cheltenham, England
4723:Brown, Amy Louise; Sceats, John; Downing, John.
4696:Sceats, John; Downing, John; Brown, Amy Louise.
3865:Hulloe and Good-bie [Hello and Good Bye]
1714:– 1st International Congress on Reading in Paris
4418:The Downing Readers: Where are Arthur and Helen
2626:. National Reading Conference (St. Petersburg).
1799:Member of the committee on comparative reading
4910:, p. 3(iv), IRA World Congress Addresses.
5165:. Reading Hall of Fame: Reading Hall of Fame.
4075:Topsy-turvy Wurld [Topsy-turvy World]
3936:Paul'z Bird Taebl [Paul's Bird Table]
3548:"The Bullock Commission's Judgment of I.T.A."
3194:"Comparison of Failure in I. T. A. and T. O."
2581:Downing, John; Jones∗, Barbara (1966-02-01).
1796:Member of international development committee
8:
5320:Fellows of the British Psychological Society
4849:Cognitive Psychology and Reading in the USSR
4384:The Downing Readers: Present from granny. B3
4282:The Downing Readers: The lonely snow man. A2
4231:The Downing Readers: New school for Mike. A4
4102:The Downing Readers: At the fire station. B5
3332:"i.t.a.: American Versus British Experience"
2317:Downing, John; Gardner, Keith (1962-12-01).
1625:cognitive clarity theory of learning to read
1568:cognitive clarity theory of learning to read
582:cognitive clarity theory of learning to read
370:cognitive clarity theory of learning to read
297:, Psychology of Reading, Comparative Reading
4871:
4533:
4469:Nue Born Animalz [New Born Animals]
4466:Graham, Faith; Downing, John Allen (1965).
4184:Graham, Faith; Downing, John Allen (1965).
4136:The Downing Readers: The ice-cream cats. A3
4072:Graham, Faith; Downing, John Allen (1968).
4045:Graham, Faith; Downing, John Allen (1968).
2714:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2304:
1299:The Bullock commission's judgment of i.t.a
1160:i.t.a.: American versus British experience
5219:Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society
5199:The Bullock Report aka A Language for Life
5145:Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society
4934:
4922:
4907:
4895:
4883:
4546:Downing, John A.; Thackray, Derek (1971).
3970:Going Too Scool [Going Too School]
3759:. University of London (Birkbeck College).
2217:
2200:
2183:
2120:
1619:, published originally by Springer-Verlag
1609:a test published originally by NFER-Nelson
662:
81:
70:
4654:Downing, John A.; Valtin, Renate (1984).
4600:Downing, John A.; Leong, Che Kan (1982).
4579:. Springer Science & Business Media.
4214:The Downing Readers: Letter from Mike. A6
3953:Zip and Hiz Car [Zip and His Car]
3155:"i.t.a. and slow learners: a reappraisal"
2467:"Teaching Reading with i.t.a. in Britain"
2203:, p. 3(ii), Professional experience.
1985:Elected as a Honorary Life Fellow of the
1820:Multi-literacy in multi-cultural settings
200:'s International Citation of Merit (1984)
5151:(3): 11–12 – via Spelling Society.
5109:Evaluating the Initial Teaching Alphabet
4509:
4299:The Downing Readers: Down to earth again
3786:
2292:
2280:Evaluating the Initial Teaching Alphabet
2265:
2253:
2229:
2036:
1092:Comparison of failure in i.t.a. and T.O
1074:i.t.a. and slow learners: a reappraisal
764:Teaching reading with i.t.a. in Britain
442:
358:Evaluating the Initial Teaching Alphabet
50:by adding descriptive text and removing
5212:"3. Professor John Downing — a Tribute"
5122:"The History of the Society up to 1970"
5107:Downing, John; Latham, William (1967).
5066:
5054:
5042:
5030:
5018:
5006:
4994:
4982:
4970:
4657:Language Awareness and Learning to Read
4333:The Downing Readers: Bandy's first jump
3307:Downing, John; Hilaire, Philip (1971).
3022:"Alternative Teaching Methods in i.t.a"
2282:. Worcester: Cassell. pp. 127–128.
2017:
1997:
1617:Language Awareness and Learning to Read
326:Downing Readers, Young Set Dictionaries
4455:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4438:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4421:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4404:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4401:The Downing Readers: Walk in the woods
4387:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4370:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4353:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4336:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4302:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4285:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4268:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4251:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4234:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4217:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4173:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4156:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4139:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4122:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4105:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
4007:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
3922:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
3851:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
3834:. Initial Teaching Publishing Company.
3271:"A Psycholinguistic Theory for i.t.a."
2707:
2132:
1022:Alternative teaching methods in i.t.a
5315:Academics of the University of London
4948:"John Downing | Reading Hall of Fame"
4265:The Downing Readers: Big surprise. A5
4170:The Downing Readers: Peter's boat. B1
3892:The Nue Hors [ The New Horse]
3494:The Journal of Experimental Education
2545:"Current Misconceptions about i.t.a."
1128:A psycholinguistic theory for i.t.a.
7:
5138:"Professor John Downing — a Tribute"
2220:, p. 1(iv), Academic Positions.
2123:, p. 3, Educational Background.
800:Current misconceptions about i.t.a.
479:BA in psychology (with distinction)
4830:
4521:
4248:The Downing Readers: The secret. B6
3919:The Downing Readers: Come here, Jet
3798:
2241:
2144:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2048:
2024:
1767:United Kingdom Literacy Association
1599:, published originally by Macmillan
393:United Kingdom Literacy Association
172:United Kingdom Literacy Association
5310:20th-century British psychologists
5305:Alumni of the University of London
4780:Chambers Young Set Dictionary Four
4350:The Downing Readers: Come and look
4119:The Downing Readers: Fireworks. B2
3620:10.1111/j.1467-9345.1977.tb00189.x
3529:"Some Reasons for NOT Using i.t.a"
3417:10.1111/j.1467-9345.1972.tb00913.x
3061:"How Children Think about Reading"
2968:10.1111/j.1467-9345.1968.tb00384.x
2415:– via Taylor Francis Online.
2374:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1962.tb01752.x
2345:– via Taylor Francis Online.
1987:Canadian Psychological Association
1978:Canadian Psychological Association
1969:American Psychological Association
1833:International Literacy Association
1778:International Literacy Association
1774:International Literacy Association
1705:International Literacy Association
1280:Some Reasons for NOT Using i.t.a.
578:University of California, Berkeley
397:International Literacy Association
198:International Literacy Association
168:International Literacy Association
14:
4499:. Educational Supply Association.
4153:The Downing Readers: Plum jam. A1
3419:– via Wiley Online Library.
2970:– via Wiley Online Library.
2376:– via Wiley Online Library.
1465:The story of the ballet Coppelia
1038:How children think about reading
5239:Cheltenham Local History Society
4367:The Downing Readers: The Monster
4004:The Downing Readers: Up the tree
602:Universite de Toulouse-le-Mirail
23:
4726:Chambers Young Set Dictionary 2
4699:Chambers Young Set Dictionary 1
4472:. Initial Teaching Publishing.
4190:. Initial Teaching Publishing.
4078:. Initial Teaching Publishing.
4051:. Initial Teaching Publishing.
4024:. Initial Teaching Publishing.
3895:. Initial Teaching Publishing.
3868:. Initial Teaching Publishing.
2953:"Educational values and i.t.a."
1868:A hundred and fifty years ago,
4319:. Initial Teaching Publishing.
3990:. Initial Teaching Publishing.
3973:. Initial Teaching Publishing.
3956:. Initial Teaching Publishing.
3939:. Initial Teaching Publishing.
3506:10.1080/00220973.1973.11011431
986:Educational values and i.t.a.
170:and Founding President of the
1:
5295:British educational theorists
5009:, p. 213, Paragraph 588.
4753:Chambers Young set dictionary
3104:The Elementary School Journal
2770:"What's Wrong with i. t. a.?"
2387:Downing, J. A. (1963-12-01).
1951:British Psychological Society
1923:, who was the founder of the
936:The i.t.a. - past and future
218:BA Honours (with Distinction)
5156:Downing, John Allen (1987).
3680:Downing, John (1979-03-01).
3641:Downing, John (1978-03-01).
3230:Downing, John (1970-11-01).
3153:Downing, John (1969-06-01).
2848:"The i/t/a--Past and Future"
2729:Downing, John (1967-03-01).
2620:Downing, John (1966-12-02).
939:Paper to Reading Conference
837:Paper to Reading Conference
434:D.Lit (Doctor of Literature)
1976:Elected as a Fellow of the
1967:Elected as a Fellow of the
1958:Elected as a Fellow of the
1949:Elected as a Fellow of the
1915:Simplified Spelling Society
642:local education authorities
507:D.Lit Doctor of Literature
5341:
5256:(1st ed.). New York:
5129:Newsletter – 1986 (Summer)
5120:Harrison, Maurice (1968).
4843:Downing, J. (1988-01-01).
3848:The Downing Readers: Sally
3814:Some Approaches to Reading
2871:Reading Research Quarterly
1542:
1525:Where are Arthur and Helen
1413:
956:Reading Research Quarterly
900:What's wrong with i.t.a.?
343:(1922–1987) was a British
5300:Educational psychologists
5184:Plowden, Bridget (1967).
4952:www.readinghalloffame.org
4804:Downing, John A. (1973).
4493:Downing, John A. (1969).
4449:Downing, John A. (1965).
4432:Downing, John A. (1965).
4415:Downing, John A. (1967).
4398:Downing, John A. (1964).
4381:Downing, John A. (1965).
4364:Downing, John A. (1967).
4347:Downing, John A. (1964).
4330:Downing, John A. (1964).
4296:Downing, John A. (1964).
4279:Downing, John A. (1965).
4262:Downing, John A. (1965).
4245:Downing, John A. (1965).
4228:Downing, John A. (1965).
4211:Downing, John A. (1965).
4167:Downing, John A. (1965).
4150:Downing, John A. (1965).
4133:Downing, John A. (1965).
4116:Downing, John A. (1965).
4099:Downing, John A. (1965).
4018:Downing, John A. (1964).
4001:Downing, John A. (1963).
3916:Downing, John A. (1964).
3845:Downing, John A. (1963).
3831:The Downing Readers: Paul
3828:Downing, John A. (1964).
3753:Downing, John A. (1966).
3736:Downing, John A. (1965).
3719:Downing, John A. (1964).
3698:10.1080/19388077909557487
3471:"Could You Teach i.t.a.?"
2983:"British I.T.A. Research"
2426:Downing, John A. (1963).
1960:Royal Society of the Arts
1925:initial teaching alphabet
1874:Initial Teaching Alphabet
1784:On the board of directors
1147:Michigan Reading Journal
626:initial teaching alphabet
615:Initial Teaching Alphabet
549:initial teaching alphabet
354:initial teaching alphabet
334:
330:
305:
301:
295:Initial Teaching Alphabet
204:
89:
80:
5159:Self-Biographical Sketch
5111:(1st ed.). London:
4496:The I.t.a. Alphabet Book
3659:10.1080/0156655780250104
3313:Michigan Reading Journal
3248:10.1080/0013188700130111
3171:10.1080/0013188690110312
2914:"Can i.t.a Be Improved?"
2747:10.1080/0156655670130307
2694:10.1080/0013188670090208
2599:10.1080/0013188660080204
2405:10.1080/0013188640060103
2335:10.1080/0013188620050109
1808:Singapore world congress
1537:The i.t.a. alphabet book
1246:Could you teach i.t.a.?
1004:British i.t.a. research
887:The Slow Learning Child
834:The i.t.a. - what next?
345:educational psychologist
317:Children's Basal Readers
147:Educational psychologist
4851:. Elsevier. p. 1.
2735:The Slow Learning Child
1938:Awards and recognitions
1826:German language reading
1814:French language reading
970:Can i.t.a be improved?
407:committees of inquiry.
362:Reading & Reasoning
52:less pertinent examples
5250:Downing, John (1979).
5197:Bullock, Alan (1974).
5170:Downing, John (1987).
4872:Downing & 1987vita
4573:DOWNING (2013-11-11).
4534:Downing & 1987vita
3984:Downing, John (1965).
3967:Downing, John (1963).
3950:Downing, John (1963).
3933:Downing, John (1963).
3889:Downing, John (1963).
3862:Downing, John (1963).
3603:Downing, John (1977).
3546:Downing, John (1976).
3527:Downing, John (1973).
3469:Downing, John (1973).
3430:Downing, John (1972).
3399:Downing, John (1972).
3380:Downing, John (1972).
3361:Downing, John (1972).
3330:Downing, John (1971).
3269:Downing, John (1970).
3192:Downing, John (1969).
3098:Downing, John (1969).
3059:Downing, John (1969).
3020:Downing, John (1968).
2981:Downing, John (1968).
2951:Downing, John (1968).
2912:Downing, John (1967).
2846:Downing, John (1967).
2807:Downing, John (1967).
2768:Downing, John (1967).
2637:Downing, John (1967).
2543:Downing, John (1965).
2504:Downing, John (1964).
2465:Downing, John (1964).
2362:Educational Psychology
2356:Downing, John (1962).
2305:Downing & 1987vita
2278:Downing, John (1967).
2157:DOWNING (2013-11-11).
1935:
1912:
1883:1975 – Bullock inquiry
1880:
1845:1967 – Plowden inquiry
1555:
1354:The Exceptional Child
1266:Experimental Education
714:Educational Psychology
600:– Visiting professor,
590:– Visiting professor,
584:were sown in his mind.
576:– Visiting professor,
545:Institute of Education
465:Teacher's Certificate
451:Educational Institute
389:Royal Society for Arts
285:University of Victoria
281:Institute of Education
257:Educational Psychology
242:Institute of Education
5253:Reading and Reasoning
5230:Daniel, Mary (2010).
4935:Downing & 1987bio
4923:Downing & 1987bio
4908:Downing & 1987bio
4896:Downing & 1987bio
4884:Downing & 1987bio
4756:. Allied Publishers.
4729:. Allied Publishers.
4702:. Allied Publishers.
4603:Psychology of Reading
4576:Reading and Reasoning
3647:The Exceptional Child
3432:"A Gap Has Two Sides"
2218:Downing & 1987bio
2201:Downing & 1987bio
2184:Downing & 1987bio
2160:Reading and Reasoning
2121:Downing & 1987bio
1929:
1903:
1859:
1597:Psychology of Reading
1588:Reading and Reasoning
1558:Psychology of reading
1549:
1420:basal reading schemes
1414:Children's literature
1320:English in Australia
620:Reading research unit
592:Ohio State University
523:Professional vocation
5205:on October 18, 2014.
5192:on October 30, 2013.
4783:. University Press.
4316:Koalas and Kangaroos
4313:Penny, Joan (1968).
3590:English in Australia
3236:Educational Research
3159:Educational Research
2813:The Phi Delta Kappan
2774:The Phi Delta Kappan
2682:Educational Research
2639:"How I. T. A. Began"
2623:I. T. A. - What next
2587:Educational Research
2471:The Phi Delta Kappan
2393:Educational Research
2323:Educational Research
1840:Government inquiries
1543:Downing's conclusion
1528:Saved from the cliff
1507:Koalas and kangaroos
1249:Reading Improvement
1228:A gap has two sides
1197:Literacy Discussion
1181:Literacy Discussion
1114:Educational Research
1078:Educational Research
870:Educational Research
820:Educational Research
732:Educational Research
696:Educational Research
541:University of London
502:University of London
488:University of London
474:University of London
438:University of London
163:Board member of
4660:. Springer-Verlag.
3551:The Reading Teacher
3475:Reading Improvement
3436:The Reading Teacher
3386:Literacy Discussion
3367:Literacy Discussion
3197:The Reading Teacher
3065:The Reading Teacher
2987:The Reading Teacher
2510:The Reading Teacher
2432:The Reading Teacher
1646:Comparative reading
1564:Victoria University
1531:Trapped in the well
1519:Present from granny
1504:Down to earth again
1492:New school for Mike
1486:An adventure on ice
1471:At the fire-station
1303:The Reading Teacher
1285:Intl. Literacy Assn
1232:The Reading Teacher
1131:Elementary English
1096:The Reading Teacher
1042:The Reading Teacher
1025:Elementary English
1008:The Reading Teacher
973:Elementary English
853:Elementary English
803:Elementary English
786:The Reading Teacher
750:The Reading Teacher
665:
609:comparative reading
560:Victoria University
444:
209:Academic background
48:improve the article
5210:Bye, Alun (1987).
3742:. Scott, Foresman.
3274:Elementary English
3026:Elementary English
2918:Elementary English
2665:– via JSTOR.
2643:Elementary English
2548:Elementary English
2454:– via JSTOR.
1510:Bandy's first jump
1501:The lonely snowman
1477:The ice-cream cats
1210:Slings and arrows
663:
567:visiting professor
514:Classroom teaching
493:PhD in Psychology
443:
366:Comparative Readin
5267:978-1-4757-1709-9
5069:, p. 112(i).
4858:978-0-08-086703-8
4817:978-0-02-330000-4
4790:978-0-550-71213-4
4763:978-81-7023-023-6
4736:978-81-7023-022-9
4709:978-81-7023-021-2
4667:978-3-540-90890-6
4640:978-0-7005-0545-6
4613:978-0-02-330020-2
4586:978-1-4757-1707-5
4559:978-0-340-11953-2
4549:Reading Readiness
4479:978-0-254-44001-2
4197:978-0-254-44000-5
4085:978-0-254-44002-9
4058:978-0-254-44006-7
4031:978-0-254-44045-6
3902:978-0-254-44032-6
3875:978-0-254-44010-4
3401:"Slins and arrœs"
2170:978-1-4757-1707-5
1919:Downing replaced
1691:Career highlights
1578:Reading Readiness
1522:Walk in the woods
1468:Topsy-turvy world
1447:Paul's bird table
1438:Hello and goodbye
1376:
1375:
850:How i.t.a. began
511:
510:
338:
337:
277:London University
238:London University
69:
68:
5332:
5271:
5246:
5236:
5226:
5216:
5206:
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5180:
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5004:
4998:
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4932:
4926:
4920:
4911:
4905:
4899:
4893:
4887:
4881:
4875:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4840:
4834:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4774:
4768:
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4747:
4741:
4740:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4693:
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4678:
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4671:
4651:
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4644:
4624:
4618:
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4490:
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4096:
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4089:
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4042:
4036:
4035:
4015:
4009:
4008:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3981:
3975:
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3958:
3957:
3947:
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3930:
3924:
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3886:
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3819:
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3727:
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3427:
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3420:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3336:Phi Delta Kappan
3327:
3321:
3320:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3017:
3011:
3010:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2713:
2705:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2204:
2198:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2006:
2002:
1699:Notable speeches
1534:New born animals
1498:The big surprise
1489:Letter from Mike
1424:Janet & John
1164:Phi Delta Kappan
922:Phi Delta Kappan
904:Phi Delta Kappan
768:Phi Delta Kappan
666:
445:
181:Marianne Downing
166:Director of the
128:
126:
108:
106:
85:
71:
64:
61:
55:
27:
26:
19:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5329:
5275:
5274:
5268:
5258:Springer Verlag
5249:
5234:
5229:
5214:
5209:
5196:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5155:
5140:
5135:
5124:
5119:
5106:
5103:
5098:
5097:
5091:Bye et al. 1987
5089:
5085:
5079:Bye et al. 1987
5077:
5073:
5065:
5061:
5053:
5049:
5041:
5037:
5029:
5025:
5017:
5013:
5005:
5001:
4993:
4989:
4981:
4977:
4969:
4965:
4956:
4954:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4933:
4929:
4921:
4914:
4906:
4902:
4894:
4890:
4882:
4878:
4870:
4866:
4859:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4829:
4825:
4818:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4791:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4764:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4737:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4710:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4668:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4641:
4633:. NFER-NELSON.
4626:
4625:
4621:
4614:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4587:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4560:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4536:, p. 1-22.
4532:
4528:
4520:
4516:
4508:
4504:
4492:
4491:
4487:
4480:
4465:
4464:
4460:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4414:
4413:
4409:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4329:
4328:
4324:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4198:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4086:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4059:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4032:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3903:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3876:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3797:
3793:
3785:
3781:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3584:Downing, John.
3583:
3582:
3578:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3477:. 10, F 73, 54.
3468:
3467:
3463:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3019:
3018:
3014:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2706:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2368:(P2): 166–177.
2355:
2354:
2350:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2307:, p. 1-28.
2303:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2264:
2260:
2252:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2228:
2224:
2216:
2207:
2199:
2190:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2106:
2104:
2102:psycnet.apa.org
2096:
2095:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2071:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1940:
1917:
1889:Bullock inquiry
1885:
1851:Plowden inquiry
1847:
1842:
1763:
1701:
1693:
1648:
1560:
1545:
1540:
1453:Going to school
1450:Zip and his car
1416:
657:
622:
617:
543:and joined the
537:
535:Academic career
525:
516:
429:
413:
124:
122:
114:
109:
104:
102:
100:
99:
76:
65:
59:
56:
45:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5338:
5336:
5328:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5277:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5266:
5247:
5227:
5207:
5194:
5181:
5167:
5153:
5133:
5117:
5102:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5083:
5071:
5059:
5047:
5035:
5023:
5011:
4999:
4987:
4975:
4963:
4939:
4927:
4912:
4900:
4888:
4876:
4864:
4857:
4835:
4823:
4816:
4796:
4789:
4769:
4762:
4742:
4735:
4715:
4708:
4688:
4673:
4666:
4646:
4639:
4619:
4612:
4592:
4585:
4565:
4558:
4538:
4526:
4514:
4502:
4485:
4478:
4458:
4441:
4424:
4407:
4390:
4373:
4356:
4339:
4322:
4305:
4288:
4271:
4254:
4237:
4220:
4203:
4196:
4176:
4159:
4142:
4125:
4108:
4091:
4084:
4064:
4057:
4037:
4030:
4010:
3993:
3976:
3959:
3942:
3925:
3908:
3901:
3881:
3874:
3854:
3837:
3820:
3803:
3791:
3779:
3762:
3745:
3728:
3711:
3692:(3): 290–299.
3672:
3633:
3595:
3576:
3557:(4): 379–382.
3538:
3519:
3480:
3461:
3442:(7): 634–638.
3422:
3391:
3372:
3353:
3322:
3299:
3280:(7): 953–961.
3261:
3222:
3184:
3165:(3): 229–231.
3145:
3116:10.1086/460506
3110:(5): 242–249.
3090:
3071:(3): 217–230.
3051:
3032:(7): 942–951.
3012:
2993:(7): 640–646.
2973:
2943:
2924:(8): 849–855.
2904:
2883:10.2307/747205
2857:
2838:
2799:
2780:(6): 262–266.
2760:
2741:(3): 164–175.
2721:
2688:(2): 137–144.
2668:
2629:
2612:
2593:(2): 100–114.
2573:
2554:(5): 492–501.
2535:
2516:(2): 105–110.
2496:
2477:(7): 322–329.
2457:
2438:(5): 325–336.
2418:
2379:
2348:
2309:
2297:
2285:
2270:
2258:
2246:
2234:
2222:
2205:
2188:
2176:
2169:
2149:
2137:
2125:
2113:
2089:
2077:
2065:
2053:
2041:
2029:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2007:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1962:
1953:
1939:
1936:
1916:
1913:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1884:
1881:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1700:
1697:
1692:
1689:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1621:
1620:
1610:
1600:
1591:
1581:
1559:
1556:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:Reading World
1368:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1002:
999:
995:
994:
992:
987:
984:
981:
977:
976:
974:
971:
968:
965:
961:
960:
958:
953:
950:
947:
943:
942:
940:
937:
934:
931:
927:
926:
924:
919:
916:
913:
909:
908:
906:
901:
898:
895:
891:
890:
888:
885:
882:
879:
875:
874:
872:
867:
864:
861:
857:
856:
854:
851:
848:
845:
841:
840:
838:
835:
832:
829:
825:
824:
822:
817:
814:
811:
807:
806:
804:
801:
798:
795:
791:
790:
788:
783:
780:
777:
773:
772:
770:
765:
762:
759:
755:
754:
752:
747:
744:
741:
737:
736:
734:
729:
726:
723:
719:
718:
716:
711:
708:
705:
701:
700:
698:
693:
690:
687:
683:
682:
679:
676:
675:Article Title
673:
670:
664:i.t.a. papers
656:
655:Academic works
653:
652:
651:
645:
621:
618:
616:
613:
605:
604:
595:
585:
536:
533:
524:
521:
515:
512:
509:
508:
505:
499:
495:
494:
491:
485:
481:
480:
477:
471:
467:
466:
463:
460:
456:
455:
454:Qualification
452:
449:
428:
425:
412:
409:
336:
335:
332:
331:
328:
327:
324:
320:
319:
314:
310:
309:
307:Writing career
303:
302:
299:
298:
292:
291:Main interests
288:
287:
274:
270:
269:
264:
263:Sub-discipline
260:
259:
254:
250:
249:
245:
244:
235:
229:
228:
215:
211:
210:
206:
205:
202:
201:
195:
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
179:
175:
174:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
120:
116:
115:
110:
97:
95:
91:
90:
87:
86:
78:
77:
74:
67:
66:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5337:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5269:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5254:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5233:
5232:"Oakley Farm"
5228:
5224:
5220:
5213:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5182:
5175:
5174:
5168:
5161:
5160:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5139:
5134:
5130:
5123:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5105:
5104:
5100:
5093:, p. 11.
5092:
5087:
5084:
5081:, p. 11.
5080:
5075:
5072:
5068:
5063:
5060:
5056:
5051:
5048:
5044:
5039:
5036:
5032:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5015:
5012:
5008:
5003:
5000:
4996:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4979:
4976:
4972:
4967:
4964:
4953:
4949:
4943:
4940:
4936:
4931:
4928:
4924:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4904:
4901:
4897:
4892:
4889:
4885:
4880:
4877:
4874:, p. 12.
4873:
4868:
4865:
4860:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4839:
4836:
4832:
4827:
4824:
4819:
4813:
4810:. Macmillan.
4809:
4808:
4800:
4797:
4792:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4773:
4770:
4765:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4746:
4743:
4738:
4732:
4728:
4727:
4719:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4692:
4689:
4684:
4677:
4674:
4669:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4650:
4647:
4642:
4636:
4632:
4631:
4623:
4620:
4615:
4609:
4606:. Macmillan.
4605:
4604:
4596:
4593:
4588:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4569:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4530:
4527:
4523:
4518:
4515:
4511:
4510:Downing 1967a
4506:
4503:
4498:
4497:
4489:
4486:
4481:
4475:
4471:
4470:
4462:
4459:
4454:
4453:
4445:
4442:
4437:
4436:
4428:
4425:
4420:
4419:
4411:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4394:
4391:
4386:
4385:
4377:
4374:
4369:
4368:
4360:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4343:
4340:
4335:
4334:
4326:
4323:
4318:
4317:
4309:
4306:
4301:
4300:
4292:
4289:
4284:
4283:
4275:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4258:
4255:
4250:
4249:
4241:
4238:
4233:
4232:
4224:
4221:
4216:
4215:
4207:
4204:
4199:
4193:
4189:
4188:
4180:
4177:
4172:
4171:
4163:
4160:
4155:
4154:
4146:
4143:
4138:
4137:
4129:
4126:
4121:
4120:
4112:
4109:
4104:
4103:
4095:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4068:
4065:
4060:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4041:
4038:
4033:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4014:
4011:
4006:
4005:
3997:
3994:
3989:
3988:
3980:
3977:
3972:
3971:
3963:
3960:
3955:
3954:
3946:
3943:
3938:
3937:
3929:
3926:
3921:
3920:
3912:
3909:
3904:
3898:
3894:
3893:
3885:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3858:
3855:
3850:
3849:
3841:
3838:
3833:
3832:
3824:
3821:
3816:
3815:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3795:
3792:
3788:
3787:Downing 1967a
3783:
3780:
3775:
3774:
3766:
3763:
3758:
3757:
3749:
3746:
3741:
3740:
3732:
3729:
3724:
3723:
3715:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3686:Reading World
3683:
3676:
3673:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3637:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3599:
3596:
3591:
3587:
3580:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3542:
3539:
3534:
3530:
3523:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3481:
3476:
3472:
3465:
3462:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3395:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3357:
3354:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3326:
3323:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3300:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3265:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3188:
3185:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3055:
3052:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3016:
3013:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2947:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2905:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2877:(1): 85–100.
2876:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2842:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2764:
2761:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2616:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2577:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2539:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2293:Downing 1967a
2289:
2286:
2281:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2266:Downing 1967a
2262:
2259:
2255:
2254:Downing 1967a
2250:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2230:Downing 1979a
2226:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2172:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2138:
2135:, p. 12.
2134:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2114:
2103:
2099:
2098:"APA PsycNet"
2093:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2037:Downing 1967a
2033:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2011:
2001:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1698:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1513:Come and look
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1462:Come and look
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1444:Come here Jet
1443:
1441:The new horse
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
996:
993:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
962:
959:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
928:
925:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
910:
907:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
876:
873:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
826:
823:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
792:
789:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
774:
771:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
756:
753:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
738:
735:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
720:
717:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
702:
699:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
684:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
667:
661:
654:
649:
646:
643:
639:
636:
635:
634:
631:
627:
619:
614:
612:
610:
603:
599:
596:
593:
589:
586:
583:
579:
575:
572:
571:
570:
568:
563:
561:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
534:
532:
530:
522:
520:
513:
506:
503:
500:
497:
496:
492:
489:
486:
483:
482:
478:
475:
472:
469:
468:
464:
461:
458:
457:
453:
450:
447:
446:
441:
439:
435:
426:
424:
421:
417:
411:Personal life
410:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
342:
333:
329:
325:
323:Notable works
321:
318:
315:
311:
308:
304:
300:
296:
293:
289:
286:
282:
278:
275:
271:
268:
265:
261:
258:
255:
251:
248:Academic work
246:
243:
239:
236:
234:
230:
227:
223:
219:
216:
212:
207:
203:
199:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
169:
165:
161:
158:
155:
151:
148:
144:
142:Occupation(s)
140:
136:
132:
121:
117:
113:
96:
92:
88:
84:
79:
72:
63:
53:
49:
43:
41:
37:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
5252:
5245:(26): 11–13.
5242:
5238:
5222:
5218:
5203:the original
5190:the original
5172:
5158:
5148:
5144:
5128:
5108:
5086:
5074:
5067:Bullock 1974
5062:
5055:Bullock 1974
5050:
5043:Bullock 1974
5038:
5031:Bullock 1974
5026:
5019:Bullock 1974
5014:
5007:Plowden 1967
5002:
4995:Plowden 1967
4990:
4983:Plowden 1967
4978:
4971:Plowden 1967
4966:
4955:. Retrieved
4951:
4942:
4930:
4903:
4898:, p. 3.
4891:
4879:
4867:
4848:
4838:
4826:
4806:
4799:
4779:
4772:
4752:
4745:
4725:
4718:
4698:
4691:
4685:(26): 74–82.
4683:New Horizons
4682:
4676:
4656:
4649:
4629:
4622:
4602:
4595:
4575:
4568:
4548:
4541:
4529:
4517:
4505:
4495:
4488:
4468:
4461:
4451:
4444:
4434:
4427:
4417:
4410:
4400:
4393:
4383:
4376:
4366:
4359:
4349:
4342:
4332:
4325:
4315:
4308:
4298:
4291:
4281:
4274:
4264:
4257:
4247:
4240:
4230:
4223:
4213:
4206:
4186:
4179:
4169:
4162:
4152:
4145:
4135:
4128:
4118:
4111:
4101:
4094:
4074:
4067:
4047:
4040:
4020:
4013:
4003:
3996:
3986:
3979:
3969:
3962:
3952:
3945:
3935:
3928:
3918:
3911:
3891:
3884:
3864:
3857:
3847:
3840:
3830:
3823:
3813:
3806:
3794:
3789:, p. -.
3782:
3772:
3765:
3755:
3748:
3738:
3731:
3725:. Macmillan.
3721:
3714:
3689:
3685:
3675:
3653:(1): 36–40.
3650:
3646:
3636:
3611:
3607:
3598:
3589:
3579:
3554:
3550:
3541:
3532:
3522:
3500:(4): 82–87.
3497:
3493:
3483:
3474:
3464:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3411:(1): 20–26.
3408:
3404:
3394:
3385:
3375:
3366:
3356:
3339:
3335:
3325:
3316:
3312:
3302:
3277:
3273:
3264:
3242:(1): 70–72.
3239:
3235:
3225:
3203:(1): 43–47.
3200:
3196:
3187:
3162:
3158:
3148:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3068:
3064:
3054:
3029:
3025:
3015:
2990:
2986:
2976:
2962:(1): 11–17.
2959:
2955:
2946:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2874:
2870:
2860:
2851:
2841:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2738:
2734:
2724:
2710:cite journal
2685:
2681:
2671:
2649:(1): 40–46.
2646:
2642:
2632:
2622:
2615:
2590:
2586:
2576:
2551:
2547:
2538:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2435:
2431:
2421:
2399:(1): 16–28.
2396:
2392:
2382:
2365:
2361:
2351:
2329:(1): 69–75.
2326:
2322:
2312:
2300:
2288:
2279:
2273:
2261:
2249:
2237:
2225:
2179:
2159:
2152:
2140:
2128:
2116:
2105:. Retrieved
2101:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2056:
2044:
2032:
2020:
2000:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1941:
1931:
1930:
1921:James Pitman
1918:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1886:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1771:
1764:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1702:
1694:
1684:
1678:
1671:
1657:
1652:
1649:
1622:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1561:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1483:Peter's boat
1417:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1377:
658:
647:
640:Twenty four
637:
630:James Pitman
628:designed by
623:
608:
606:
597:
587:
573:
564:
557:
538:
526:
517:
430:
422:
418:
414:
374:
365:
361:
357:
341:John Downing
340:
339:
306:
273:Institutions
145:Teacher and
129:June 2, 1987
98:John Downing
75:John Downing
57:
46:Please help
34:may contain
33:
5290:1987 deaths
5285:1922 births
3614:(3): 3–12.
2819:(10): 524.
2133:Daniel 2010
1516:The monster
1459:Up the tree
594:at Columbus
553:orthography
134:Nationality
5279:Categories
5101:References
4957:2023-01-01
3987:Get Up Zip
2107:2022-10-15
1824:1983–1984,
1818:1982–1984,
1812:1982–1984,
1806:1974–1976,
1687:" (1986).
1495:The secret
1456:Get up Zip
504:, England
490:, England
476:, England
470:1953–1957
459:1947–1948
253:Discipline
233:Alma mater
226:Psychology
125:1987-06-02
40:irrelevant
3706:0149-0117
3667:0156-6555
3628:1741-4350
3563:0034-0561
3514:0022-0973
3448:0034-0561
3348:425361960
3286:0013-5968
3256:0013-1881
3209:0034-0561
3179:0013-1881
3140:144515976
3124:0013-5984
3077:0034-0561
3038:0013-5968
2999:0034-0561
2930:0013-5968
2891:0034-0553
2825:0031-7217
2786:0031-7217
2755:0037-704X
2702:0013-1881
2655:0013-5968
2607:0013-1881
2560:0013-5968
2522:0034-0561
2483:0031-7217
2444:0034-0561
2413:0013-1881
2343:0013-1881
2012:Citations
1993:Footnotes
1870:Coleridge
1474:Fireworks
1283:Paper to
598:1986–1987
588:1981-1981
574:1967–1968
427:Education
214:Education
157:Professor
60:July 2023
36:excessive
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4522:Bye 1987
3799:Bye 1987
3608:Literacy
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2085:Bye 1987
2073:Bye 1987
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2049:Bye 1987
2025:Bye 1987
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