Knowledge (XXG)

John F. Kennedy High School (Richmond, California)

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352:. The efforts of the RUSD to institute a desegregation program met with controversy, and a backlash against the program developed. In response, the RUSD instituted the Richmond Voluntary Integration Plan, where students were bused from a relatively large geographic area. The voluntary nature of the plan meant families could choose whether or not to participate. The program met some of its greatest success at John F. Kennedy High. Adkisson writes that the school was "more integrated, both racially and economically, than perhaps any public high school in the U.S. at the time. The sons and daughters of skilled African-American tradesmen walked the halls with students whose parents worked for Bank of America in San Francisco, and oversaw academic departments at the University of California, Berkeley." That environment contributed to what became known as the Camelot era at the school, named after 432:
and its unified school district from 1988 to 1993 is almost unbelievable, in retrospect. Economic and social epidemics struck locally, just as the school district was about to undergo its greatest crisis since the city quintupled in population during World War II....Richmond was emblematic of trends occurring in urban communities across the country, as the manufacturing sector collapsed and crack cocaine worked insidiously through the inner cities. The result would be a Kennedy High School that was unrecognizable to previous graduates and teachers."
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required districts to close the gap. During this time, Richmond claimed a strong manufacturing section. Although property taxes for residential areas were low, the tax income from industry was much higher. This impacted Kennedy; an unintended result of Serrano was to reduce funding at schools in urban areas with high tax assessments, though such schools were exactly the type Serrano was meant to help.
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trends developed over decades, and can be seen especially in the case of John F. Kennedy High School in Richmond, California." He discusses how Kennedy was considered among the best schools in California, and how it declined after several decades to rank among the worst, offering a valuable case study in the discussion of challenges and potential solutions for education reform.
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and Rod Moore, who would later play in the NFL, and a total of five players who received Division One college football scholarships. For the rest of the decade and through at least 1992, Kennedy sent one or more players each year to a Division One college football program on scholarship. In 2016, the
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Violence and murders in the city, along with an inconsistent economy and high unemployment, intensified the problems. Test scores dropped and crime rose. By the turn of the century, the situation had become so severe that the initials of the school, JFK, were said to stand for Jail For Kids. In 2010,
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Changes in demographics also affected the school. Richmond was losing businesses and hence jobs, leaving families from previously middle-class areas in poverty. Increasing drug and gang activity spilled into the school. Adkisson writes, "The storm of dark events that enshrouded the city of Richmond
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cases, which were intended to equalize revenue for school districts in the state. Prior to Serrano, each district set property taxes to meet its needs. This forced poorer districts to raise taxes more than wealthier districts to fund their schools. The court found the structure unconstitutional and
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program. Led by coach David Dansky for twenty-five years, Kennedy teams won three state championships in forensics and various state and national individual awards, including second place by Richard Mitchel (via a tie-breaker for first) at the 1969 National Speech Tournament. Mitchel was one of the
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wrote about the effects of Serrano and Proposition 13: "Property tax rates were instantly equalized...overnight, the State went from having diverse tax rates set and collected locally to essentially a single statewide system...many believe the shift from local to state control has eroded financial
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allowed the school to participate in 'Project Connection', which provides computers and Internet access to students without the economic means to access such technology. During the same year, the school instituted the 'WriterCoach Connection', a program built on personalized instruction that pairs
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Julio Franco, who served as principal from 2001 to 2008, is credited with playing a major role in the turn-around. Retired teacher Mike Peritz became one of the founders of the Eagle Foundation, which through 2018 provided support to the school with scholarships to students and grants to teachers.
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In recent years, new programs have been added, funding has increased, and faculty turnover has decreased. The school has shown improvement in test scores, attendance, safety, suspension rate, incident reports, requests for transfers, senior class size, and the number of students attending college.
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The history of the school's educational model remains of interest on a national level today. Adkisson writes: "Many inner-city public high schools in 2016 face particular challenges with regard to funding, segregation and increasing competition for promising students from charter schools. These
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In 2011, the school joined 'The Mock Trial' program, which is designed to create a collegiate culture and help students develop a working knowledge of the judicial system. In 2013, with the help of Peritz and the Eagle Foundation, the school reinstated its abandoned music program. In 2014, a $
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John F. Kennedy High School first opened its doors in September 1967. In its early years, the school gained acclaim for its innovative academic and vocational programs and was considered one of the top schools in California. Until the 1980s, it used an experimental program known as flexible
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teachers to work one-on-one with students, with the goal of helping them think critically and write with confidence. In 2019, grants from WCCUSD Educational Fund and the Philanthropic Ventures Foundation made possible the continued development of special education and vocational programs.
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passed in California, cutting the tax rate. The year after it passed, revenue generated by property taxes dropped almost 60 percent. As a result of Serrano and Proposition 13, funding for Kennedy plummeted. In the following years, the school lost many programs, including the Pre-tech,
428:, "A debt-ridden school district once praised as a leader in education reform filed for bankruptcy protection today, illustrating the dilemma schools face in trying to balance high ideals with recessionary times." The loss in funds, resources, and teachers at Kennedy accelerated. 464:
In 2016, Kennedy became part of the Richmond Promise initiative, which is designed to encourage and facilitate the opportunity for all Richmond students to attend college regardless of race, income level, or personal background.
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programs, and the free busing for the voluntary integration. Attendance dropped, and many faculty lost their jobs or chose to go elsewhere. The school discontinued flexible scheduling after the 1981–1982 school year.
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in the nation. It had the second largest chapter twice, and was among the top five schools in the country seven other years. Kennedy succeeded against some of the most elite public and private schools in California.
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As of the 2018–2019 school year, the school enrolled 851 students, with a student/teacher ratio of 20. Of those students, 55.8% were male and 44.2% female, and they represented the following ethnicities:
1605: 3599: 3550: 2538: 418:, and athletic programs remained strong. However, the financial troubles of the district continued to deepen. In 1991, the RUSD became the first district in California to file for 3609: 3169: 337:, "The new institution was meant to be a model for California and the country. ... the school served as a unique example of a successful public school in an urban environment." 98: 49: 3326: 2208: 1257: 3594: 871: 333:
based on the model of colleges and universities, with the staff trained to create educational programs customized for each student. As written by Knowles Adkisson of the
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Kirp, David L.; Fine, Doris; Angelides, Sotirios (1979). "Desegregation, Politics, and the Courts: Race and Schooling Policy in Richmond, California".
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In football, the Kennedy Eagles won the North Coast Section championship in both 1984 and 1988. The 1984 team included two players,
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Effects of the lowered funding were gradual through the 1980s. The school continued to send students to top colleges, including the
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first black students in the nation to win such a trophy in the Forensics League. In 1973, the school had the largest chapter in the
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Kennedy's mascot is the Eagles. The school competes in the Tri-County Athletic League of the Bay Shore Conference in California's
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The school is the location of the renovated Richmond Swim Center, which provides facilities for the school and the community.
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Kennedy nearly closed due to budget cuts, but the city of Richmond kept it open with an allocation of $ 1.5 million.
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Also in 2013, the girls basketball team advanced to its first state basketball game at the NorCal Division III playoffs.
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The school fields girls' sports teams in basketball, cross country, soccer, softball, track and field, and volleyball.
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provided a $ 1 million grant to help fund the program as part of a ten million commitment to the Fab Foundation.
584:, or fabrication laboratory. Kennedy High School is home to the facility, known as 'Fab Lab Richmond', which includes 187: 1630: 1398: 485:
The school fields boys' sports teams in baseball, basketball, cross country, football, soccer, and track and field.
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in 2015 made it possible to open a health clinic, which serves students at the school and South Richmond residents.
3534: 3346: 3074: 2153: 508: 3463: 3092: 2640: 1805: 993: 369: 3364: 3336: 2893: 1972: 1911: 770: 515:, a track and field event that involved more than six hundred schools from over thirty states. Kennedy student 386: 2093: 311:. Built on the site of Granada Junior High, the school adopted the red and white colors and Eagle mascot from 2981: 2976: 2883: 2751: 496:
In track and field, the Kennedy boys won both the Meet of Champions and the Bay Championships Meet in 1974.
3285: 2062: 3555: 3443: 3420: 3214: 2998: 2839: 1942: 1881: 1128:"Interdistrict Inequalities in School Financing: A Critical Analysis of Serrano v. Priest and Its Progeny" 312: 693:, singer-songwriter, country and blues harmonica player, record producer, bandleader and recording artist 3224: 3219: 2903: 2878: 2032: 1228: 17: 3458: 3209: 2919: 2606: 349: 304: 206: 70: 3519: 3489: 3438: 3242: 2929: 2819: 2776: 1127: 593: 474: 424: 2481: 1606:"An American comeback story: Bay Area's Kennedy High School overcomes history of violence, losing" 1073: 2888: 2869: 1578: 1147: 1102:"Separate And Unequal: Serrano Played an Important Role in Development of School-District Policy" 974: 966: 708: 696: 516: 450: 330: 507:
In 2013, the Kennedy girls sprinters team finished first in both the 3rd Annual Tiger Invite at
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Kennedy High School was part of the Richmond Unified School District (RUSD), later renamed the
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resources for schools, public support for the education system and meaningful accountability."
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Busing and Backlash - White Against White in a California School District
2342:"'Black Lightning': Richmond native brings new-look superhero to The CW" 1973:"Kennedy High School forensics team number one in state (photo caption)" 2575: 2316:"Mara Brock Akil & Salim Akil Ink Overall Deal With Warner Bros TV" 1832:"New Fab Lab at Kennedy High Offers Opportunity to Students, Community" 1151: 970: 581: 1476:"Kennedy High special ed students finish another beautification phase" 1310:"Recent School Accountability reports for John F. Kennedy High School" 493:
Kennedy football team achieved their first winning season since 1988.
2470:. Richmond California: John F. Kennedy High School. 1989. p. 87. 2393:"Those Amazing Humans, #310, Norton Buffalo | Mongrel4u's Blog" 1143: 2539:"Meet 9 DTH Alumni Who Continue to Spread Arthur Mitchell's Legacy" 1754: 1451:"At Kennedy High, awakening the next James Baldwin or Maya Angelou" 954: 580:
as the first public school district on the West Coast to develop a
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Rosie the Riveter World War II Home Front National Historical Park
2367:"2018 John F. Kennedy High School Hall Of Fame Dinner and Reunion" 1309: 2568: 838: 805:"Search for Public Schools - John F. Kennedy High (063255005037)" 1631:"TRACK & FIELD: North Coast Section Track and Field Results" 274: 3158: 2579: 1023:
Just Schools: The Idea of Racial Equality in American Education
307:, United States. It was established in 1967 and is part of the 2238:"New principal, new rules to improve Kennedy High in Richmond" 1174:"For Better or For Worse? School Finance Reform in California" 1633:. California Interscholastic Federation - North Coast Section 1585:. California Interscholastic Federation - North Coast Section 1779: 2289:"Meet Felicia Phillips, Principal of Kennedy High School" 1680:"Still on the bus, Lady Eagles defeat Branham High 69-54" 36:
Public high school in Richmond, California, United States
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won first place at Arcadia in the boy's 200-meter dash.
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Sonstelie, Jon; Brunner, Eric; Ardon, Kenneth (2000).
924:"Kennedy High School: Fall of an Educational Camelot" 363:
The school became known on a national level for its
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UC Berkeley: Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism
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Berkeley: University of California Press. 872:"Mike Peritz Proposal - Creating Scenario 3" 459:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2187:West Contra Council Unified School District 2124:"Minutes of the Board of Education Meeting" 1654:"Kennedy High sprinters bring home LA gold" 1373:"Mock Trial now in session at Kennedy High" 358:administration of President John F. Kennedy 3177: 3163: 3155: 2959: 2598: 2584: 2576: 47: 38: 29:Armstrong High School (Richmond, Virginia) 3595:West Contra Costa Unified School District 2925:West Contra Costa Unified School District 2216:West Contra Costa Unified School District 2154:"Second Kennedy High student death stuns" 2131:West Contra Costa Unified School District 1806:"Richmond: Fab lab a tinkerer's paradise" 1759:West Contra Costa Unified School District 1314:West Contra Costa Unified School District 1081:California High School Speech Association 917: 915: 913: 911: 909: 907: 905: 903: 879:West Contra Costa Unified School District 578:West Contra Costa Unified School District 342:West Contra Costa Unified School District 309:West Contra Costa Unified School District 175:West Contra Costa Unified School District 2236:Harrington, Theresa (October 26, 2012). 2209:"Kennedy High School Graduation Program" 1804:Bay Area News Group (November 9, 2014). 1550:"NCS Conference Alignment for 2020-2024" 865: 863: 861: 859: 857: 855: 810:National Center for Education Statistics 557:88.0% of the students were eligible for 547:Native Hawaiian/Pacific islanders — 1.3% 3127:2014 Richmond, California city election 3122:2006 Richmond, California city election 1449:Charles, Candese (September 29, 2015). 1074:"David Dansky: CHSSA Hall of Fame 1990" 833: 831: 787: 762: 3497:Contra Costa School of Performing Arts 2830:East Bay Science and Technology Center 2180:"2009-2010 High School Course Catalog" 2031:Folkmanis, Jason (December 22, 1984). 1399:"Music is back at Kennedy High School" 1053:National Speech and Debate Association 799: 797: 795: 793: 791: 576:In 2015, the Fab Foundation chose the 18:John F. Kennedy High School (Richmond) 2894:Richmond Transit Village (Metro Walk) 1730:"Welcome to Future Aquatic Swim Team" 1652:Orsburn, Tyler (September 29, 2015). 1423:Lawson, Hannah (September 19, 2014). 1397:Milano, Michael (November 22, 2013). 1371:Whitney, Spencer (October 21, 2011). 1201:Rancaño, Vanessa (October 25, 2018). 1181:Public Policy Institute of California 1132:University of Pennsylvania Law Review 699:, lawyer, author, actor, and lecturer 7: 2152:Wetzel, Kimberly S.; Fischer, Karl. 2094:"Schools: Drastic Cuts Now Proposed" 1912:"Integration Rally Held in Richmond" 1604:Stevens, Mitch (November 18, 2016). 2314:Andreeva, Nellie (August 5, 2015). 1941:Mitchell, Bev (December 16, 1970). 1755:"Think Globally, Fabricate Locally" 1283:Meron, Shelly (September 8, 2010). 839:"Introducing Principal Jarod Scott" 747:, ballet dancer, curator, archivist 741:, rock and roll composer, guitarist 687:, musician, songwriter and composer 2825:Golden State Model Railroad Museum 2340:Barney, Chuck (January 12, 2018). 1830:Pyles, Sean (September 29, 2015). 1027:. California: Barnes & Noble. 650:Phillip (Phil) Johnson (2012–2017) 25: 3615:1967 establishments in California 3605:Public high schools in California 3099:Richmond–San Rafael Ferry Company 635:Rosalyn Morgan Upshaw (1997–2000) 620:Patricia (Pat) Rupley (1979–1982) 2069:. September 22, 1988. p. 25 2063:"Richmond Egg Throwing Incident" 1678:Orsburn, Tyler (March 7, 2013). 1538:Kennedy High School support site 647:Roxanne Brown-Garcia (2009–2012) 638:Gwen Huntington-Lumb (2000–2001) 3186:Contra Costa County, California 2989:Richmond Parkway Transit Center 2727:McLaughlin Eastshore State Park 2537:Thomas, Kevin (March 6, 2019). 1979:. December 16, 1972. p. 15 1943:"Schools Adopt Regional System" 1882:"Negro New Principal of School" 1501:Chan, Bonnie (March 16, 2015). 1334:Sanchez, Camryn (August 2019). 815:Institute of Education Sciences 675:, writer, singer, and physicist 626:Sylvester Greenwood (1984–1988) 2815:East Brother Island Lighthouse 2484:. November 9, 1978. p. 27 1857:"Fab Lab Richmond, California" 1579:"FOOTBALL: NCS Team Champions" 1126:Goldstein, Stephen R. (1972). 1049:"Hall of Fame: 1991 Inductees" 614:Thomas (Tom) Anton (1971–1976) 1: 3145:Richmond Progressive Alliance 2860:Point Molate Naval Fuel Depot 2092:Merl, Jean (March 12, 1991). 2033:"The Handwriting on the Wall" 1780:"Bridging the Digital Divide" 943:American Journal of Education 735:, contemporary jazz guitarist 335:Berkeley School of Journalism 63: 2947:Salesian College Preparatory 2899:West County Detention Center 2835:Macdonald 80 Shopping Center 1918:. April 24, 1968. p. 31 653:Felicia Phillips (2018–2020) 617:Lawrence Chapman (1976–1979) 553:Native American/Alaskan — 0% 2935:John F. Kennedy High School 2003:"Salute to Patricia Rupley" 1709:City of Richmond California 656:Jarod Scott (2020--present) 644:Latoya Williams (2008–2009) 608:Richard Lovette (1967–1968) 457:A $ 500,000 grant from the 290:John F. Kennedy High School 42:John F. Kennedy High School 3631: 3053:Richmond–San Rafael Bridge 2067:The San Francisco Examiner 2037:The San Francisco Examiner 992:Rubin, Lillian B. (1973). 629:Lavonya DeJean (1988–1991) 623:Charles Dorton (1982–1984) 611:Harry Reynolds (1968–1971) 509:South Pasadena High School 26: 3505: 3193: 3093:Richmond Pacific Railroad 3075:San Pablo Avenue (SR 123) 2641:Chevron Richmond Refinery 1888:. May 15, 1968. p. 8 370:National Forensics League 64: 60: 46: 1734:Future Aquatic Swim Team 1236:Little Hoover Commission 771:Little Hoover Commission 641:Julio Franco (2001–2008) 387:California Supreme Court 230:Student to teacher ratio 2982:San Francisco Bay Ferry 2977:Richmond Ferry Terminal 2884:Richmond Medical Center 2752:Point Molate Beach Park 2482:"Local girl makes good" 2397:mongrel4u.wordpress.com 1583:CIF North Coast Section 1019:Kirp, David L. (1982). 385:From 1971 to 1977, the 292:(simply referred to as 3561:Contra Costa Christian 3544:Religious high schools 3485:Clayton Valley Charter 2447:Baseball-Reference.com 2267:Los Angeles Daily News 1705:"Richmond Swim Center" 723:, political scientist 632:Ted Abreau (1991–1997) 313:Harry Ells High School 114:37.92472°N 122.32833°W 66:4300 Cutting Boulevard 3570:El Sobrante Christian 3431:West Contra Costa USD 3253:Dozier-Libbey Medical 2879:Richmond Country Club 2293:The Richmond Standard 2098:The Los Angeles Times 2012:: 11273. June 7, 1989 1684:Richmond Confidential 1658:Richmond Confidential 1507:Richmond Confidential 1480:The Richmond Standard 1455:Richmond Confidential 1429:Richmond Confidential 1403:Richmond Confidential 1377:Richmond Confidential 1207:The California Report 870:Peritz, Mike (2008). 499: 480: 3513:Secular high schools 3449:Hercules Middle/High 3380:San Ramon Valley USD 2940:Richmond High School 2920:Contra Costa College 2607:Richmond, California 2443:"Junior Moore Stats" 2010:Congressional Record 305:Richmond, California 119:37.92472; -122.32833 3520:The Athenian School 3490:ClaytonArts Academy 3195:Public high schools 2930:De Anza High School 2820:Ford Richmond Plant 2777:San Pablo Peninsula 2509:The Washington Post 2269:. November 21, 2013 1836:Radio Free Richmond 1557:North Coast Section 1262:The Washington Post 594:Chevron Corporation 513:Arcadia High School 475:North Coast Section 449:100,000 grant from 425:The Washington Post 406:, Bio-Medical, and 294:Kennedy High School 138:Kennedy High School 110: /  2889:Richmond Shipyards 2840:Masquers Playhouse 2681:Parchester Village 2295:. October 30, 2018 709:Takkarist McKinley 697:Christopher Darden 550:Multiracial — 0.6% 517:Takkarist McKinley 451:Sprint Corporation 331:modular scheduling 3582: 3581: 3152: 3151: 3083: 3082: 3043:Cutting Boulevard 3005:California Zephyr 2850:Pacific East Mall 2767:Richmond Greenway 2651:El Sobrante Hills 2646:Downtown Richmond 2133:. August 20, 2008 391:Serrano v. Priest 324:First two decades 287: 286: 16:(Redirected from 3622: 3551:Berean Christian 3403:San Ramon Valley 3393:Dougherty Valley 3179: 3172: 3165: 3156: 3106:Shipyard Railway 3088:Port of Richmond 3070:Richmond Parkway 3065:Macdonald Avenue 3012:Capitol Corridor 2994:Richmond station 2960: 2706:Richmond Heights 2676:North & East 2621:Atchison Village 2600: 2593: 2586: 2577: 2572: 2571: 2569:Official website 2554: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2500: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2439: 2433: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2414: 2408: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2389: 2383: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2337: 2331: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2259: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2242:The Mercury News 2233: 2227: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2213: 2205: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2184: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2149: 2143: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2128: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2107: 2105: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2076: 2074: 2059: 2053: 2052: 2046: 2044: 2028: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2007: 1999: 1993: 1992: 1986: 1984: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1956: 1954: 1938: 1932: 1931: 1925: 1923: 1908: 1902: 1901: 1895: 1893: 1878: 1872: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1853: 1847: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1827: 1821: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1801: 1795: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1776: 1770: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1751: 1745: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1726: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1701: 1695: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1675: 1669: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1649: 1643: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1627: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1554: 1546: 1540: 1535: 1529: 1527:Richmond Promise 1524: 1518: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1498: 1492: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1472: 1466: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1446: 1440: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1420: 1414: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1394: 1388: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1368: 1362: 1357: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1340:East Bay Express 1331: 1325: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1306: 1300: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1280: 1274: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1264:. April 19, 1991 1254: 1248: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1233: 1225: 1219: 1218: 1216: 1214: 1198: 1192: 1191: 1189: 1187: 1178: 1169: 1163: 1162: 1160: 1158: 1123: 1117: 1116: 1114: 1112: 1098: 1092: 1091: 1089: 1087: 1078: 1070: 1064: 1063: 1061: 1059: 1045: 1039: 1038: 1026: 1016: 1010: 1009: 989: 983: 982: 938: 932: 931: 919: 898: 897: 895: 893: 888:on March 4, 2009 887: 881:. Archived from 876: 867: 850: 849: 847: 845: 835: 826: 825: 823: 821: 801: 775: 767: 535:Hispanic — 64.5% 422:. As written in 283: 280: 278: 276: 247: 244: 166: 164: 125: 124: 122: 121: 120: 115: 111: 108: 107: 106: 103: 51: 39: 21: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3620: 3619: 3585: 3584: 3583: 3578: 3539: 3508: 3507:Private schools 3501: 3478:Charter schools 3473: 3454:John F. Kennedy 3425: 3407: 3374: 3351: 3313: 3295: 3257: 3229: 3196: 3189: 3183: 3153: 3148: 3111: 3079: 3026: 2964: 2951: 2908: 2872:Red Oak Victory 2865:Red Rock Island 2805:Brother Islands 2797: 2791: 2710: 2609: 2604: 2567: 2566: 2563: 2558: 2557: 2547: 2545: 2536: 2535: 2531: 2521: 2519: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2487: 2485: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2451: 2449: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2426: 2424: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2401: 2399: 2391: 2390: 2386: 2376: 2374: 2371:Post News Group 2365: 2364: 2360: 2350: 2348: 2339: 2338: 2334: 2324: 2322: 2313: 2312: 2308: 2298: 2296: 2287: 2286: 2282: 2272: 2270: 2261: 2260: 2256: 2246: 2244: 2235: 2234: 2230: 2220: 2218: 2211: 2207: 2206: 2202: 2192: 2190: 2182: 2178: 2177: 2173: 2163: 2161: 2151: 2150: 2146: 2136: 2134: 2126: 2122: 2121: 2117: 2103: 2101: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2072: 2070: 2061: 2060: 2056: 2042: 2040: 2030: 2029: 2025: 2015: 2013: 2005: 2001: 2000: 1996: 1982: 1980: 1977:Oakland Tribune 1971: 1970: 1966: 1952: 1950: 1947:Oakland Tribune 1940: 1939: 1935: 1921: 1919: 1916:Oakland Tribune 1910: 1909: 1905: 1891: 1889: 1886:Oakland Tribune 1880: 1879: 1875: 1865: 1863: 1855: 1854: 1850: 1840: 1838: 1829: 1828: 1824: 1814: 1812: 1803: 1802: 1798: 1788: 1786: 1778: 1777: 1773: 1763: 1761: 1753: 1752: 1748: 1738: 1736: 1728: 1727: 1723: 1713: 1711: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1688: 1686: 1677: 1676: 1672: 1662: 1660: 1651: 1650: 1646: 1636: 1634: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1614: 1612: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1588: 1586: 1577: 1576: 1572: 1562: 1560: 1552: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1536: 1532: 1525: 1521: 1511: 1509: 1500: 1499: 1495: 1485: 1483: 1474: 1473: 1469: 1459: 1457: 1448: 1447: 1443: 1433: 1431: 1422: 1421: 1417: 1407: 1405: 1396: 1395: 1391: 1381: 1379: 1370: 1369: 1365: 1358: 1354: 1344: 1342: 1333: 1332: 1328: 1318: 1316: 1308: 1307: 1303: 1293: 1291: 1282: 1281: 1277: 1267: 1265: 1256: 1255: 1251: 1241: 1239: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1222: 1212: 1210: 1200: 1199: 1195: 1185: 1183: 1176: 1171: 1170: 1166: 1156: 1154: 1144:10.2307/3311362 1125: 1124: 1120: 1110: 1108: 1100: 1099: 1095: 1085: 1083: 1076: 1072: 1071: 1067: 1057: 1055: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1035: 1018: 1017: 1013: 1006: 991: 990: 986: 940: 939: 935: 921: 920: 901: 891: 889: 885: 874: 869: 868: 853: 843: 841: 837: 836: 829: 819: 817: 803: 802: 789: 784: 779: 778: 768: 764: 759: 754: 673:Catherine Asaro 663: 602: 571: 528: 502: 483: 471: 442: 383: 326: 321: 273: 245: 242: 225:851 (2018–2019) 171:School district 162: 160: 118: 116: 112: 109: 104: 101: 99: 97: 96: 86: 83: 82: 79: 73: 68: 67: 37: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3628: 3626: 3618: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3587: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3576: 3571: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3532: 3530:Orinda Academy 3527: 3522: 3516: 3514: 3510: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3493: 3492: 3481: 3479: 3475: 3474: 3472: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3459:Middle College 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3435: 3433: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3423: 3417: 3415: 3413:John Swett USD 3409: 3408: 3406: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3384: 3382: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3372: 3367: 3361: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3349: 3347:Ygnacio Valley 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3323: 3321: 3319:Mt. Diablo USD 3315: 3314: 3312: 3311: 3305: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3267: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3239: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3228: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3206: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3190: 3184: 3182: 3181: 3174: 3167: 3159: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3136:Richmond Globe 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3112: 3110: 3109: 3102: 3095: 3090: 3084: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3056: 3055: 3045: 3040: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3027: 3025: 3024: 3023: 3022: 3015: 3008: 3001: 2991: 2986: 2985: 2984: 2974: 2968: 2966: 2957: 2956:Transportation 2953: 2952: 2950: 2949: 2944: 2943: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2922: 2916: 2914: 2910: 2909: 2907: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2845:Mechanics Bank 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2801: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2790: 2789: 2787:Wildcat Canyon 2784: 2782:Sobrante Ridge 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2718: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2708: 2703: 2701:Richmond Annex 2698: 2693: 2691:Point Richmond 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2631:Carriage Hills 2628: 2626:Brickyard Cove 2623: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2610: 2605: 2603: 2602: 2595: 2588: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2562: 2561:External links 2559: 2556: 2555: 2543:Dance Magazine 2529: 2495: 2473: 2459: 2434: 2418:"D'Marco Farr" 2409: 2384: 2373:. June 2, 2018 2358: 2346:East Bay Times 2332: 2306: 2280: 2254: 2228: 2200: 2171: 2158:East Bay Times 2144: 2115: 2110:Newspapers.com 2084: 2079:Newspapers.com 2054: 2049:Newspapers.com 2023: 1994: 1989:Newspapers.com 1964: 1959:Newspapers.com 1933: 1928:Newspapers.com 1903: 1898:Newspapers.com 1873: 1848: 1822: 1810:East Bay Times 1796: 1771: 1746: 1721: 1696: 1670: 1644: 1622: 1596: 1570: 1541: 1530: 1519: 1493: 1482:. May 17, 2019 1467: 1441: 1415: 1389: 1363: 1352: 1326: 1301: 1289:East Bay Times 1275: 1249: 1220: 1193: 1164: 1138:(3): 504–544. 1118: 1093: 1065: 1040: 1033: 1011: 1005:978-0520022577 1004: 984: 955:10.1086/443502 933: 899: 851: 827: 786: 785: 783: 780: 777: 776: 761: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 749: 748: 742: 736: 730: 724: 718: 712: 706: 700: 694: 691:Norton Buffalo 688: 682: 676: 670: 662: 661:Notable alumni 659: 658: 657: 654: 651: 648: 645: 642: 639: 636: 633: 630: 627: 624: 621: 618: 615: 612: 609: 601: 598: 570: 567: 563:Title I school 555: 554: 551: 548: 545: 542: 539: 536: 527: 524: 501: 498: 482: 479: 470: 467: 441: 438: 399:Proposition 13 382: 379: 325: 322: 320: 317: 285: 284: 271: 267: 266: 263: 257: 256: 253: 249: 248: 241:Red and white 239: 235: 234: 231: 227: 226: 223: 219: 218: 215: 211: 210: 203: 202:Teaching staff 199: 198: 195: 191: 190: 185: 178: 177: 172: 168: 167: 157: 153: 152: 144: 140: 139: 136: 132: 131: 127: 126: 94: 88: 87: 84: 80: 75: 69: 65: 62: 61: 58: 57: 53: 52: 44: 43: 35: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3627: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3542: 3536: 3535:Orion Academy 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3511: 3504: 3498: 3495: 3491: 3488: 3487: 3486: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3476: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3464:Pinole Valley 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3428: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3410: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3365:Black Diamond 3363: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3357:Pittsburg USD 3354: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3298: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3260: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3232: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3202:Acalanes UHSD 3199: 3192: 3187: 3180: 3175: 3173: 3168: 3166: 3161: 3160: 3157: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3140:Richmond Post 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3103: 3101: 3100: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3085: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3051: 3050: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3029: 3021: 3020: 3016: 3014: 3013: 3009: 3007: 3006: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2996: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2969: 2967: 2961: 2958: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2927: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2911: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2794: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2762:Red Rock Cove 2760: 2758: 2757:Potrero Ridge 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2737:Miller / Knox 2735: 2733: 2732:Kennedy Grove 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2722:Brooks Island 2720: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2666:Iron Triangle 2664: 2662: 2661:Hilltop Green 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2616: 2614:Neighborhoods 2612: 2608: 2601: 2596: 2594: 2589: 2587: 2582: 2581: 2578: 2570: 2565: 2564: 2560: 2544: 2540: 2533: 2530: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2499: 2496: 2483: 2477: 2474: 2469: 2463: 2460: 2448: 2444: 2438: 2435: 2423: 2419: 2413: 2410: 2398: 2394: 2388: 2385: 2372: 2368: 2362: 2359: 2347: 2343: 2336: 2333: 2321: 2317: 2310: 2307: 2294: 2290: 2284: 2281: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2255: 2243: 2239: 2232: 2229: 2217: 2210: 2204: 2201: 2188: 2181: 2175: 2172: 2159: 2155: 2148: 2145: 2132: 2125: 2119: 2116: 2111: 2100:. p. 390 2099: 2095: 2088: 2085: 2080: 2068: 2064: 2058: 2055: 2050: 2038: 2034: 2027: 2024: 2011: 2004: 1998: 1995: 1990: 1978: 1974: 1968: 1965: 1960: 1948: 1944: 1937: 1934: 1929: 1917: 1913: 1907: 1904: 1899: 1887: 1883: 1877: 1874: 1862: 1858: 1852: 1849: 1837: 1833: 1826: 1823: 1811: 1807: 1800: 1797: 1785: 1784:fabfoundation 1781: 1775: 1772: 1760: 1756: 1750: 1747: 1735: 1731: 1725: 1722: 1710: 1706: 1700: 1697: 1685: 1681: 1674: 1671: 1659: 1655: 1648: 1645: 1632: 1626: 1623: 1611: 1607: 1600: 1597: 1584: 1580: 1574: 1571: 1558: 1551: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1523: 1520: 1508: 1504: 1497: 1494: 1481: 1477: 1471: 1468: 1456: 1452: 1445: 1442: 1430: 1426: 1419: 1416: 1404: 1400: 1393: 1390: 1378: 1374: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1356: 1353: 1341: 1337: 1330: 1327: 1315: 1311: 1305: 1302: 1290: 1286: 1279: 1276: 1263: 1259: 1253: 1250: 1237: 1230: 1224: 1221: 1208: 1204: 1197: 1194: 1182: 1175: 1168: 1165: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1122: 1119: 1107: 1103: 1097: 1094: 1082: 1075: 1069: 1066: 1054: 1050: 1044: 1041: 1036: 1034:9780520045750 1030: 1025: 1024: 1015: 1012: 1007: 1001: 997: 996: 988: 985: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 937: 934: 929: 925: 918: 916: 914: 912: 910: 908: 906: 904: 900: 884: 880: 873: 866: 864: 862: 860: 858: 856: 852: 840: 834: 832: 828: 816: 812: 811: 806: 800: 798: 796: 794: 792: 788: 781: 772: 769:In 1997, the 766: 763: 756: 751: 746: 743: 740: 737: 734: 731: 728: 725: 722: 719: 716: 713: 710: 707: 704: 701: 698: 695: 692: 689: 686: 683: 680: 677: 674: 671: 668: 665: 664: 660: 655: 652: 649: 646: 643: 640: 637: 634: 631: 628: 625: 622: 619: 616: 613: 610: 607: 606: 605: 599: 597: 595: 591: 590:laser cutters 587: 583: 579: 574: 568: 566: 564: 560: 552: 549: 546: 543: 540: 538:Black — 25.3% 537: 534: 533: 532: 525: 523: 520: 518: 514: 510: 505: 500:Girls' sports 497: 494: 491: 486: 478: 476: 468: 466: 462: 460: 455: 452: 446: 439: 437: 433: 429: 427: 426: 421: 417: 412: 409: 405: 400: 395: 392: 388: 380: 378: 374: 371: 366: 361: 359: 355: 354:the term used 351: 350:forced busing 347: 346:desegregation 343: 338: 336: 332: 323: 318: 316: 314: 310: 306: 302: 299: 295: 291: 282: 272: 268: 264: 262: 258: 254: 250: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 205:42.60 (on an 204: 200: 196: 192: 189: 186: 183: 179: 176: 173: 169: 158: 154: 151: 148: 145: 141: 137: 133: 128: 123: 95: 93: 89: 85:United States 78: 72: 59: 54: 50: 45: 40: 34: 30: 19: 3453: 3327:College Park 3301:Martinez USD 3281:Independence 3263:Liberty UHSD 3132:City Council 3104: 3097: 3019:San Joaquins 3017: 3010: 3003: 2934: 2871: 2810:Castro Rocks 2747:Point Pinole 2742:Point Isabel 2686:Point Isabel 2546:. Retrieved 2542: 2532: 2520:. Retrieved 2508: 2498: 2486:. Retrieved 2476: 2467: 2462: 2452:December 31, 2450:. Retrieved 2446: 2437: 2425:. Retrieved 2421: 2412: 2400:. Retrieved 2396: 2387: 2375:. Retrieved 2370: 2361: 2349:. Retrieved 2345: 2335: 2323:. Retrieved 2319: 2309: 2297:. Retrieved 2292: 2283: 2271:. Retrieved 2266: 2257: 2245:. Retrieved 2241: 2231: 2219:. Retrieved 2215: 2203: 2191:. Retrieved 2186: 2174: 2162:. Retrieved 2157: 2147: 2135:. Retrieved 2130: 2118: 2108:– via 2102:. Retrieved 2097: 2087: 2077:– via 2071:. Retrieved 2066: 2057: 2047:– via 2041:. Retrieved 2039:. p. 19 2036: 2026: 2014:. Retrieved 2009: 1997: 1987:– via 1981:. Retrieved 1976: 1967: 1957:– via 1951:. Retrieved 1946: 1936: 1926:– via 1920:. Retrieved 1915: 1906: 1896:– via 1890:. Retrieved 1885: 1876: 1864:. Retrieved 1860: 1851: 1839:. Retrieved 1835: 1825: 1813:. Retrieved 1809: 1799: 1787:. Retrieved 1783: 1774: 1762:. Retrieved 1758: 1749: 1737:. Retrieved 1733: 1724: 1712:. 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Retrieved 808: 765: 729:, NFL player 717:, MLB player 715:Junior Moore 711:, NFL player 705:, NFL player 703:D'Marco Farr 685:Jason Becker 681:, NFL player 679:Benny Barnes 603: 575: 572: 556: 544:White — 2.0% 541:Asian — 6.2% 529: 526:Demographics 521: 506: 503: 495: 487: 484: 481:Boys' sports 472: 463: 456: 447: 443: 434: 430: 423: 413: 396: 389:decided the 384: 375: 362: 339: 327: 293: 289: 288: 188:063255005037 33: 3566:De La Salle 3398:Monte Vista 3248:Deer Valley 3235:Antioch USD 3038:23rd Street 2874:Ship Museum 2798:of interest 2548:January 13, 2522:January 14, 2488:January 14, 2427:January 12, 2402:December 7, 2377:January 12, 2351:January 12, 2325:January 12, 2299:January 18, 2273:January 18, 2247:January 18, 2221:January 24, 2193:January 24, 2189:. p. 3 2164:January 24, 2137:January 24, 2104:January 21, 2073:January 21, 2043:January 21, 2016:January 18, 1983:January 18, 1953:January 18, 1949:. p. 1 1922:January 18, 1892:January 18, 1866:January 13, 1841:January 12, 1815:January 13, 1789:January 13, 1764:January 13, 1739:January 21, 1714:January 21, 1689:January 21, 1663:January 13, 1637:January 22, 1615:January 12, 1589:January 22, 1563:January 23, 1512:January 13, 1486:January 12, 1460:January 13, 1434:January 13, 1408:January 13, 1382:January 13, 1345:January 13, 1319:January 12, 1268:January 11, 1242:January 11, 1238:. 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Index

John F. Kennedy High School (Richmond)
Armstrong High School (Richmond, Virginia)

Richmond
California
Coordinates
37°55′29″N 122°19′42″W / 37.92472°N 122.32833°W / 37.92472; -122.32833
Public
high school
West Contra Costa Unified School District
NCES
063255005037
FTE
Nickname
www.wccusd.net/kennedy
public
high school
Richmond, California
West Contra Costa Unified School District
Harry Ells High School
modular scheduling
Berkeley School of Journalism
West Contra Costa Unified School District
desegregation
forced busing
the term used
administration of President John F. Kennedy
forensics
National Forensics League
California Supreme Court

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