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stated mission or if the threat of legal action was too burdensome. Other schools or their student bodies have defended their use of Native
American likenesses, especially if the institution views the use of Native American likenesses as respectful or so intimately tied with history to be inseparable from the institution, such as if the name of institution derives from the name of a tribe. Still other schools have embarked on a series of failed attempts to find a replacement.
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Because of protests from some Native
American organizations, some schools have changed their athletic moniker and mascot and cheering practices without significant objection once the issue was raised, especially if such offense toward a group of people was viewed as incompatible with that school's
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of losing athletic competitions to the institution's teams, such as through an especially fierce or stealthy animal. When the school chooses an animal as its athletic nickname, usually in the plural or as a collective noun for a group of that animal, then typically, the school has that animal (in
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In the United States and Canada, multiple recurring themes have appeared over time for choosing a school's athletic nickname. In almost all cases, the institution chooses an athletic nickname with an overtly positive goal in mind, where that goal reflects the character of the institution—either a
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were at one time widely popular athletic monikers, especially for schools that adopted them in the 19th or early 20th century. In recent years, some Native
American organizations have protested the unlicensed use of likenesses of Native Americans related to team names, team
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as well. This practice at the university and college tertiary higher-education level has proven so popular that it extended to the high school secondary-education level in the United States and Canada and even to the primary-education level as well.
579:, and cheering techniques. The granting of overtly expressed written licenses by Native American organizations to use likenesses of Native Americans in these ways is rare, although not unheard of. In one notable example, two major groups of the
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heroic person as their official athletic nickname. This person may be a graduate of the school who is viewed as embodying the school's mission or an archetypal person who is symbolic of the school's area, such as the
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Often by choosing an abstract concept as its athletic moniker, the institution wants to inspire its student-athletes on and off the field to achieve success that the abstract concept represents. Examples:
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from others, but as an act of defiance, the school embraced the term as a rallying cry to overcome the term's negative origin. Because a collection is hard to represent or
465:; religious designation, such as saints; or other groupings of people. A portion of athletic monikers that fall into this collection category started originally as
516:. In religiously affiliated schools, this person may be an historical person who has received an official designation in that religion, such as a
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and Canada is the name officially adopted by that institution for at least the members of its
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nation, the
Seminole Tribe of Florida and Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, have expressly given
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previously established characteristic or a characteristic hoped for as a goal henceforth.
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to refer to people associated with the institution, especially its current
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permission to use the nickname "Seminoles" and certain
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Often, certain nicknames (animals and some abstract concepts, such as
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348:Learn how and when to remove this message
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
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707:"Where Did the Tomahawk Chop Come From?"
261:. Typically as a matter of engendering
16:Nickname for members of an athletic team
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380:UIC Flames
338:April 2021
322:improve it
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186:improve it
110:newspapers
39:improve it
619:, a 1930
558:tomahawks
459:ethnicity
326:verifying
190:verifying
140:July 2007
45:talk page
658:See also
640:Wildcats
581:Seminole
470:epithets
275:students
271:nickname
256:athletic
636:Broncos
615:is the
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474:iconify
320:Please
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184:Please
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410:animal
390:Animal
294:Themes
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259:teams
131:JSTOR
117:books
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