114:, England, in 1839, the oldest child of the Rev. John Fryer, a dissident itinerant Methodist preacher, and Mary Wiles Fryer, a sometime school mistress and shop proprietor. His schooling was obtained at Prospect House Academy in Hythe, where his family's difficult circumstances had him working at the local brewery, cleaning boots and knives and running errands. He later attended St James School, Bristol, which he later described as being "attended by only the lowest of the low", matriculating in 1860. He spent the next year at Highbury Training College, London, where he obtained his teaching certificate.
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Alexander Wylie. After difficult beginnings, the institution thrived until 1904 when its last science classes were held, then to be replaced by the Shanghai Science Middle School on the site in 1917. In 1895, Fryer could be found at the Institute giving lectures and conducting examinations with
249:(Chinese Scientific Book Depot) in 1884, a company publishing and selling scientific books in Shanghai. The Depot was a great success, selling about 150,000 volumes in its first three years. He relinquished ownership in 1911, the year he founded the Institute for the Chinese Blind.
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Fryer made his most significant impact by translating more than 75 Western scientific works while working as Editor and Chief
Translator of Scientific Books in the Department for the Translation of Foreign Books at the key armaments works and educational establishment, the
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In childhood, Fryer developed a deep interest in things
Chinese, spurred on by his parents' own preoccupation. He was particularly impressed when a Chinese tea merchant from Canton visited and gave him a silver dollar.
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In 1896, Fryer left the
Arsenal to become the University of California's first Professor of Oriental Language and Literature, at Berkeley, where, in 1900, the department introduced courses in elementary
282:, Fryer is considered to have had a profound influence on the standardization of scientific translation in 19th century China and promoting the understanding of Western science in China. His
270:, Yoshisaburo Kuno and himself, respectively. He had a distinguished teaching career up to his retirement in 1913. He was considered a pioneer of Chinese studies in the United States.
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589:
Tola, Gabriele (March 2017). "An
Introduction to John Fryer's Theories on Translation into Chinese: Records of the General Conference of the Protestant Missionaries of China".
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for 28 years from May 1868. He collaborated closely in his work with natural scientist and district magistrate Xu
Jianyin, as well as mathematicians
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set out his lexicological solutions to translation of technical and scientific terminology into
Chinese and marked him a pioneer in the field.
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Fryer established the
Shanghai Polytechnic Institution and Reading Rooms in 1876. The other members of its first management committee were
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Fryer was editor of the
Shanghai Xinbao (Shanghai Gazette) from 1866 to 1868, the first Chinese newspaper published in the city.
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Bennett, Adrian Arthur (1967). "John Fryer: The
Introduction of Western Science and Technology into Nineteenth-Century China".
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159:). He married Anna Roleston there in 1865, followed the same year by his establishing the Anglo-Chinese School in Shanghai.
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102:) and Institute for the Chinese Blind there. He was president of the Oriental Institute of California, United States.
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Notwithstanding considering himself but "half-educated", Fryer had set his sights on grandeur, writing, in 1870,
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44:), was an English sinologist who was first Louis Agassiz Professor of Oriental Languages and Literature at the
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I want to be named among those who are foremost in enlightening and administering the Great Empire.
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365:"John Fryer and the Shanghai Polytechnic: making space for science in nineteenth-century China"
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In 1861, Fryer accepted an opportunity offered by the Church Missionary Society to superintend
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and Hua Hengfang. He had a long partnership with natural scientist Xu Shou (
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The China Prize Essay Contest and the Late Qing Promotion of Modern Science
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the aid of his son John Rogers Fryer (who was to die the following year).
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University of California, Berkeley College of Letters and Science faculty
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
84:) in Shanghai, China, and established the Shanghai Polytechnic (
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Through his extensive translation output while working at the
166:, an educator and missionary, who was also working in China.
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Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
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Dagenais, Fred (1990). "John Fryer's Early Years in China".
32:(6 August 1839, Hythe, Kent, England - 1928), also known as
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The John Fryer Trophy for Chinese History is conferred by
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The industrious Fryer also found time to establish the
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He was married in 1864 to Anna Rolestone, and in 1882,
66:), Peking, China and head of the Anglo-Chinese School (
570:. Vol. 87, no. 69. 8 August 1900. p. 9
48:. He was professor of English at Tung-Wen College (
526:. National Taiwan University: Princeton University.
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Lamb's Biographical Dictionary of the United States
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410:. The Bancroft Library, University of California
539:"The Chinese scientist and the foreign tongue"
369:The British Journal for the History of Science
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