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237:. The trip was expected to last about three years, so the ships were packed with provisions that included more than 136,000 pounds (62,000 kg) of flour, 3,684 imperial gallons (16,750 L) of high-proof alcohol, and 33,000 pounds (15,000 kg) of tinned meat, soup, and vegetables. However, the expedition was never heard from again by Europeans after July 1845.
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The expedition had not yet run into trouble at this time and proper burials in the Arctic permafrost could be afforded. Because of the region's icy conditions, he was found in a remarkably well-preserved state when a scientific expedition exhumed his remains in 1984 to determine a cause of death.
258:, on 4 January 1846, at the age of 25. He was buried in a shirt embroidered with the initials T.H. and the date 1844, likely having belonged to his brother Thomas. His tombstone was inscribed with a bible passage: ‘Thus saith the Lord of Hosts; Consider your ways’ (Haggai 1, 7).
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Beattie was surprised to see
Hartnell's incredibly well-preserved, mummified remains through the melting ice, he was even more surprised to see that Hartnell's body had already been autopsied. Beattie and his team also noticed that Hartnell's right eye seemed damaged beyond the
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sinking-into-the-sockets effect that would have occurred from prior thawing. When
Hartnell's cap was removed, they saw a great deal of hair – used to determine that his body contained large amounts of lead at the time of his death.
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Graves of the expedition's first three fatal casualties. Hartnell's is the second from the right. The fourth grave is that of Thomas Morgan, a sailor who died in 1854 on one of the many subsequent fact-finding
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Pathology reports suggest that
Hartnell had a damaged right eye, and it is unclear whether this happened before or after his death. According to his grave marker, Hartnell died on
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and a group of scientists arrived at
Beechey Island to examine the bodies and determine what may have happened to the three men whose lives ended on the tiny speck of land in the
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at the time of the census of 1841. He was baptised at the Parish church of St. Mary
Magdalene in Gillingham on 16 July 1820. He was raised in the trade of shoemaker.
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280:. One of Hartnell's distant relatives, Hartnell's great-great-nephew, physics professor Brian Spenceley, was the expedition's photographer.
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In 1852, an expedition sent to find
Franklin and his men arrived at Beechey Island. Commanded by Edward A. Inglefield, the crew of the
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However, a 2016 analysis conducted on samples of
Hartnell's removed fingernail and toenail found that
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included a physician, Peter
Sutherland. Inglefield published a journal reporting their findings.
199:. His parents were Thomas and Sarah (maiden name: Friar, born 1796) Hartnell who were married at
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Hartnell's brother, Tom, played by Jack
Colgrave Hirst, is a supporting character in the
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400:"Two and a Half Years Before the Mast: A Second View on the Hartnell Family - Part 1"
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Brian
Spenceley recalls the expedition when he first saw his great-great uncle.
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The Franklin Conspiracy: An Astonishing Solution to the Lost Arctic Expedition
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525:"Fingernail-toenail study offers insights into why Franklin crew died"
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on the Franklin Northwest Passage expedition. They set off from
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347:"Face to face with a Franklin crew member, 140 years later"
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Dead sailor may have been sickened by a zinc deficiency.
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and was one of its first casualties, dying of suspected
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Together with his brother Thomas he was assigned to
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Frozen in Time: The Fate of the Franklin Expedition
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377:"STARS OVER ICE: The Hartnells of Nelson Street"
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230:on 19 May 1845 with two ships, the other being
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295:may have been his actual cause of death.
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487:"Franklin Expedition – John Hartnell"
345:McMahon, Tamsin (10 September 2014).
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159:during the expedition's first year.
523:Ducharme, Steve (9 December 2016).
268:In 1984, professor of anthropology
431:"The men who sailed with Franklin"
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627:19th-century Royal Navy personnel
557:Beattie, O.; Geiger, J. (2014).
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632:19th-century English explorers
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404:over clouds in twilight skies
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647:People from Gillingham, Kent
429:Lloyd-Jones, Ralph (2005).
278:Canadian Arctic Archipelago
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652:Franklin's lost expedition
485:Bos, Carole (3 May 2013).
191:John Hartnell was born in
470:Beattie & Geiger 2014
448:10.1017/S0032247405004651
330:Beattie & Geiger 2014
637:Explorers of the Arctic
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582:Latta, J. B. (2001).
305:television adaptation
274:University of Alberta
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34:1820 or 1821
211:Franklin expedition
130:Franklin expedition
299:In popular culture
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241:Death and analysis
97:Service years
398:Holzhueter, D.J.
162:He was buried on
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289:malnourishment
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164:Beechey Island
157:malnourishment
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617:1820s births
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551:Bibliography
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534:. Retrieved
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494:. Retrieved
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441:(219): 316.
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435:Polar Record
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407:. Retrieved
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356:. Retrieved
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270:Owen Beattie
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622:1846 deaths
588:. Toronto:
536:21 December
496:21 December
358:21 December
224:able seaman
145: 1820
126:Expeditions
108:Able seaman
611:Categories
511:Latta 2001
318:References
311:The Terror
309:the novel
228:Greenhithe
205:Gillingham
201:Frindsbury
187:Early life
166:, next to
91:Royal Navy
63:Allegiance
457:131330851
352:Maclean's
272:from the
232:HMS
217:HMS
182:Biography
117:HMS
100:1841–1846
642:Mummies
590:Dundurn
409:28 July
383:4 March
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263:Isabel
234:Terror
222:as an
219:Erebus
119:Erebus
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79:Branch
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57:Canada
453:S2CID
594:ISBN
569:ISBN
538:2018
498:2018
411:2020
385:2019
360:2018
291:and
155:and
105:Rank
44:Died
39:, UK
31:Born
443:doi
307:of
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
