62:
634:
in 1963, which was eventually published as two papers in July 1964. Maynard Smith acted as a reviewer of the paper after two other reviewers had been unable to understand it, and requested that
Hamilton revise it into two parts due to concerns about its accessibility, later describing it as "deeply
549:
for genetics and evolution "for his powerful analysis of evolutionary theory and of the role of sexual reproduction as a critical factor in evolution and in the survival of species; for his mathematical models applying the theory of games to evolutionary problems" (motivation of the Balzan
General
398:, which he did in 1941. He later quipped that "under the circumstances, my poor eyesight was a selective advantage—it stopped me getting shot". The year of his graduation, he married Sheila Matthew, and they later had two sons and one daughter (Tony, Carol, and
1696:
647:
in 1976 which implied
Maynard Smith's mentor Haldane had understood the concept of Hamilton's inclusive fitness in the 1950s. Hamilton replied to the review suggesting that the anecdote was false, but later apologised to Maynard Smith for having doubted
1688:
2579:
449:(Haldane had left the party in 1950 after becoming similarly disillusioned). He also admitted that a research program in evolutionary biology explicitly informed by Marxism seemed to bear little fruit.
2057:
2644:
1076:
1133:
2519:
2514:
525:
2050:
2524:
643:, Hamilton felt Maynard Smith had not given him sufficient credit. Hamilton also objected to an anecdote included by Maynard Smith in a review published in the
2529:
2509:
2504:
1905:
755:; Maynard Smith was one of thirteen co-recipients, and one of only two recipients ever awarded post-mortem. Since 2010, the medal has been awarded annually.
441:
He became gradually less attracted to communism and became a less active member, finally leaving the party in 1956 like many other intellectuals, after the
2549:
1927:
2634:
2589:
578:
2043:
2639:
2604:
2599:
2539:
1821:
1726:
2614:
1833:
1845:
2574:
1487:
1455:
1421:
1409:
680:
375:, whose books were in the school's library despite the bad reputation Haldane had at Eton for his communism. He became an atheist at age 14.
1989:
1372:
300:
2013:
970:
534:
465:. Prior to his death the building housing much of life sciences at Sussex was renamed the John Maynard Smith Building in his honour.
2001:
1129:
1015:
997:
979:
959:
945:
931:
917:
908:
901:
887:
873:
816:
802:
786:
776:
489:
2026:
2544:
1893:
618:
He died on 19 April 2004 sitting in a chair at home, surrounded by books. He was survived by his wife Sheila and their children.
538:, a seminal work which continues to contribute to ongoing issues in evolutionary biology. A popular science version of the book,
379:
1666:
2624:
2609:
1980:
1975:
2183:
687:
639:, which covered concepts from Hamilton's article. Although Maynard Smith cited an earlier paper by Hamilton published in the
567:
480:
20:
1558:
2629:
2619:
2564:
694:
1880:
1864:
1624:
2594:
2559:
2534:
501:
295:
219:
51:
390:
broke out in 1939, he defied his party's line and volunteered for service. He was rejected, however, because of poor
1527:
2569:
2343:
1935:
414:
Maynard Smith, having decided that aircraft were "noisy and old-fashioned", then took a change of career, entering
383:
128:
2554:
1902:
1278:"Anecdotal, historical and critical commentaries on genetics. John Maynard Smith: January 6, 1920–April 19, 2004"
752:
446:
415:
251:
210:
132:
748:
214:
2167:
1924:
1003:
603:
584:
476:
2584:
2423:
2367:
2159:
2135:
767:
434:
395:
160:
303:
237:
1818:
2295:
1718:
630:, harboured a grievance against Maynard Smith for his handling of an article that Hamilton submitted to
419:
311:
190:
27:
1830:
1523:
John
Maynard Smith and the Fact(s) of Evolution. A Study of Scientific Working Life in Post War Britain
1961:
1842:
2499:
2494:
2335:
1592:
985:
965:
837:
529:
458:
399:
352:
255:
635:
obscure". In March 1964, Maynard Smith published the article "Group
Selection and Kin selection" in
2247:
175:
2215:
1872:
1616:
1364:
1273:
1111:
1063:
853:
462:
1341:
2471:
2383:
2319:
2231:
2143:
1949:
1608:
1493:
1483:
1451:
1433:
1417:
1405:
1307:
1255:
1237:
1191:
1183:
1103:
1011:
993:
975:
955:
941:
927:
913:
897:
883:
869:
812:
798:
782:
772:
607:
403:
335:
150:
1968:
1447:
1438:
2287:
2119:
1939:
1792:
1761:
1600:
1356:
1297:
1289:
1245:
1229:
1175:
1093:
1085:
845:
828:
521:
387:
372:
331:
319:
315:
267:
262:
146:
2010:
1179:
2455:
2279:
2151:
2103:
2017:
2005:
1931:
1909:
1897:
1884:
1868:
1849:
1837:
1825:
823:
660:
555:
484:
360:
327:
1996:
1645:
1163:
1596:
841:
663:(Add MS 86569-86840). The papers can be accessed through the British Library catalogue.
432:
lab and conducted research on population genetics. He published a popular
Penguin book,
2399:
2375:
2359:
2327:
2263:
2199:
2095:
2021:
1918:
1302:
1277:
1250:
1217:
1098:
1071:
1067:
730:
627:
559:
494:
200:
1890:
2488:
2439:
2407:
2271:
2255:
2223:
2127:
2111:
1658:
718:
673:
551:
180:
1446:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp.
1368:
1115:
2431:
2415:
2311:
2239:
2207:
2191:
2079:
2066:
1620:
1397:
857:
736:
712:
700:
546:
505:
442:
364:
195:
170:
1293:
1233:
61:
1765:
2447:
2391:
2175:
2035:
1914:
1648:, archives and manuscripts catalogue, the British Library. Retrieved 15 May 2020
742:
724:
706:
571:
422:
genetics under
Haldane. After graduating he became a lecturer in zoology at his
323:
205:
185:
165:
142:
108:
2351:
2303:
2087:
1984:
1552:
563:
428:
423:
307:
241:
1612:
1497:
1241:
1187:
1877:
1861:
1580:
581:
has an award for extraordinary young evolutionary biology researchers named
368:
1311:
1259:
1195:
1107:
1089:
1477:
1521:
1072:"John Maynard Smith. 6 January 1920 - 19 April 2004: Elected F.R.S. 1977"
391:
277:
1945:
1360:
1604:
990:
The
Origins of Life: From the Birth of Life to the Origin of Language
849:
540:
The
Origins of Life: From the birth of life to the origin of language
356:
85:
1796:
104:
497:
is arguably his single most influential game theoretical model.
355:, but following his father's death in 1928, the family moved to
2039:
461:
and was a dean between 1965 and 1985. He subsequently became a
367:, Maynard Smith took it upon himself to develop an interest in
351:
John
Maynard Smith was born in London, the son of the surgeon
363:. Quite unhappy with the lack of formal science education at
938:
Did Darwin Get it Right?: Essays on Games, Sex and Evolution
371:
and mathematics, after having read the work of old Etonian
30:, being made up of multiple names. It should be written as
438:, in 1958 (with subsequent editions in 1966, 1975, 1993).
318:, he took a second degree in genetics under the biologist
1479:
Nature's oracle : the life and work of W.D. Hamilton
520:
which explored in mathematical terms, the notion of the "
512:
Evolution of sex and other major transitions in evolution
751:(2008). This used to be bestowed every 50 years by the
322:. Maynard Smith was instrumental in the application of
19:"Maynard Smith" redirects here. For other persons, see
2580:
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
524:". During the late 1980s he also became interested in
475:
In 1973 Maynard Smith formalised a central concept in
1077:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
487:. This area of research culminated in his 1982 book
402:). Between 1942 and 1947, he applied his degree to
273:
261:
247:
233:
156:
138:
124:
116:
93:
71:
45:
1476:SegerstrĂĄle, Ullica Christina Olofsdotter (2013).
1437:
457:In 1962 he was one of the founding members of the
659:The John Maynard Smith Archive is housed at the
526:evolutionary transitions in individuality (ETIs)
1878:Freeview video 'Flight in Birds and Aeroplanes'
532:. Together they wrote an influential 1995 book
299:(6 January 1920 – 19 April 2004) was a British
330:, and theorised on other problems such as the
2645:Members of the American Philosophical Society
2051:
550:Prize Committee). In 1995 he was awarded the
426:between 1952 and 1965, where he directed the
8:
378:On leaving school, Maynard Smith joined the
16:English biologist and geneticist (1920–2004)
1891:In conversation with John Maynard Smith FRS
1554:John Maynard Smith - Bill Hamilton (36/102)
528:and worked with the evolutionary biologist
2058:
2044:
2036:
1402:Dawkins vs. Gould: Survival of the Fittest
60:
42:
1887:, a Masterclass by the Vega Science Trust
1783:by John Maynard Smith and David Harper".
1442:. In Michael Ruse; Joseph Travis (eds.).
1301:
1249:
1097:
579:European Society for Evolutionary Biology
1779:Breed, Michael (March 2005). "Review of
1748:Sandahl, H. D. (9 May 1969). "Review of
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
826:(1973). "The logic of animal conflict".
1871:, A Royal Institution Discourse by the
1663:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
1444:Evolution: The First Four Billion Years
1216:Charlesworth, Brian (1 November 2004).
1055:
1027:
2520:Academics of University College London
1439:"Paleontology and the History of Life"
1180:10.1146/annurev.genet.39.040505.114723
1162:Michod, Richard E. (1 December 2005).
516:Maynard Smith published a book titled
2515:Academics of the University of Sussex
1547:
1545:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1471:
1469:
1467:
974:. New York: Oxford University Press.
681:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
7:
2525:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
1729:from the original on 27 October 2019
1699:from the original on 30 October 2022
1669:from the original on 30 October 2022
1136:from the original on 27 January 2013
504:in 1977. In 1986 he was awarded the
382:and started studying engineering at
2530:Alumni of University College London
2510:21st-century English mathematicians
2505:20th-century English mathematicians
1862:Freeview video 'The Origin of Life'
1581:"Group Selection and Kin Selection"
1526:(phd thesis). University of Leeds.
1482:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
992:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
954:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
926:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2550:Deaths from lung cancer in England
1819:Press release announcing his death
1561:from the original on 21 April 2023
1378:from the original on 10 April 2019
971:The Major Transitions in Evolution
632:The Journal of Theoretical Biology
535:The Major Transitions in Evolution
14:
2635:Presidents of the Cambridge Union
2590:Kyoto laureates in Basic Sciences
1627:from the original on 7 April 2023
1530:from the original on 7 April 2023
909:Evolution and the Theory of Games
490:Evolution and the Theory of Games
470:Evolution and the Theory of Games
217:– NB: awarded posthumously (2008)
2011:DRAFT for Biology and Philosophy
1579:Smith, J. Maynard (March 1964).
1342:"John Maynard Smith (1920–2004)"
1132:. British Humanist Association.
892:Maynard Smith, J. (ed.) (1981d)
626:Another evolutionary biologist,
483:, based on a verbal argument by
380:Communist Party of Great Britain
359:, where he became interested in
2640:20th-century British biologists
2605:People educated at Eton College
2600:Modern synthesis (20th century)
2540:British evolutionary biologists
1785:The Quarterly Review of Biology
1404:. Cambridge, U.K.: Icon Books.
558:and in 1999 he was awarded the
2615:Recipients of the Copley Medal
940:. London, Chapman & Hall.
912:. Cambridge University Press.
882:. Cambridge University Press.
868:. Cambridge University Press.
811:. Edinburgh University Press.
797:. Cambridge University Press.
688:American Philosophical Society
481:evolutionarily stable strategy
21:Maynard Smith (disambiguation)
1:
1750:Mathematical Ideas in Biology
795:Mathematical Ideas in Biology
570:. In 2001 he was awarded the
369:Darwinian evolutionary theory
2575:Fellows of the Royal Society
1981:John Maynard Smith 1920–2004
1766:10.1126/science.164.3880.682
1042:, and it was not hyphenated.
695:National Academy of Sciences
301:theoretical and mathematical
1831:Tribute from his colleagues
1325:Ullica Segerstrale (2000).
1294:10.1093/genetics/168.3.1105
1234:10.1093/genetics/168.3.1105
1010:. Oxford University Press.
545:In 1991 he was awarded the
502:Fellow of the Royal Society
394:and was told to finish his
220:Fellow of the Royal Society
2661:
2344:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
1917:telling his life story at
1646:John Maynard Smith Archive
950:Maynard Smith, J. (1989a)
936:Maynard Smith, J. (1988a)
922:Maynard Smith, J. (1986b)
906:Maynard Smith, J. (1982d)
878:Maynard Smith, J. (1978d)
864:Maynard Smith, J. (1974b)
765:Maynard Smith, J. (1958).
384:Trinity College, Cambridge
129:Trinity College, Cambridge
25:
18:
2074:
1520:Piel, Helen (July 2019).
1168:Annual Review of Genetics
807:Maynard Smith, J. (1972)
793:Maynard Smith, J. (1968)
771:. London, Penguin Books.
753:Linnean Society of London
542:, was published in 1999.
416:University College London
285:
252:University College London
226:
211:Linnean Society of London
133:University College London
59:
2168:Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
1883:25 February 2020 at the
585:John Maynard Smith Prize
477:evolutionary game theory
445:brutally suppressed the
26:This British surname is
2545:British science writers
2424:Frederick Charles Frank
2136:John Edensor Littlewood
1896:10 October 2004 at the
1867:9 November 2020 at the
1848:6 November 2020 at the
1340:Nanjundiah, V. (2005).
924:The Problems of Biology
768:The Theory of Evolution
628:William Donald Hamilton
610:was published in 2003.
435:The Theory of Evolution
2625:Theoretical biologists
2610:Population geneticists
1752:by J. Maynard Smith".
1327:Defenders of the Truth
1090:10.1098/rsbm.2005.0016
1002:Maynard Smith, J. and
984:Maynard Smith, J. and
964:Maynard Smith, J. and
693:Member, United States
667:Awards and fellowships
304:evolutionary biologist
238:Evolutionary biologist
2296:Robert Burns Woodward
2004:19 March 2014 at the
1908:23 April 2021 at the
952:Evolutionary Genetics
896:. London, Macmillan.
312:aeronautical engineer
191:Weldon Memorial Prize
66:Maynard Smith in 1997
2336:Rodney Robert Porter
2016:29 June 2004 at the
1930:2 April 2015 at the
1843:List of publications
1836:16 July 2012 at the
1824:10 June 2017 at the
1813:University of Sussex
1719:"John Maynard Smith"
1693:search.amphilsoc.org
1689:"APS Member History"
1659:"John Maynard-Smith"
1218:"John Maynard Smith"
1164:"John Maynard Smith"
1130:"John Maynard Smith"
880:The Evolution of Sex
749:Darwin–Wallace Award
522:two-fold cost of sex
518:The Evolution of Sex
459:University of Sussex
453:University of Sussex
447:Hungarian Revolution
353:Sidney Maynard Smith
256:University of Sussex
215:Darwin–Wallace Medal
2630:Writers from London
2620:Royal Medal winners
2565:English geneticists
2248:Nevill Francis Mott
1597:1964Natur.201.1145S
1591:(4924): 1145–1147.
842:1973Natur.246...15S
822:Maynard Smith, J.;
641:American Naturalist
602:, co-authored with
281:Andrew Pomiankowski
176:Sewall Wright Award
2595:Linnean Medallists
2560:English biologists
2535:British communists
2464:John Maynard Smith
2216:Tadeusz Reichstein
1946:John Maynard Smith
1925:Interview of Smith
1915:John Maynard Smith
1873:Vega Science Trust
1361:10.1007/BF02837646
577:In his honour the
568:George C. Williams
463:professor emeritus
396:engineering degree
326:to evolution with
292:John Maynard Smith
47:John Maynard Smith
2570:English humanists
2482:
2481:
2320:Peter D. Mitchell
2232:Alexander R. Todd
2144:Macfarlane Burnet
2067:Copley Medallists
1991:Los Angeles Times
1903:Five short videos
1760:(3880): 682–683.
1723:www.nasonline.org
1605:10.1038/2011145a0
1557:, 15 March 2017,
1489:978-0-19-164276-0
1457:978-0-674-03175-3
1422:978-1-84046-780-2
1411:978-1-84046-780-2
866:Models in Ecology
608:signalling theory
500:He was elected a
404:military aircraft
336:signalling theory
289:
288:
274:Doctoral students
228:Scientific career
151:Signalling theory
2652:
2555:English atheists
2475:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2419:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2371:
2363:
2355:
2347:
2339:
2331:
2323:
2315:
2307:
2299:
2291:
2288:Frederick Sanger
2283:
2275:
2267:
2259:
2251:
2243:
2235:
2227:
2219:
2211:
2203:
2195:
2187:
2179:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2131:
2123:
2120:Patrick Blackett
2115:
2107:
2099:
2091:
2083:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2037:
1940:MeaningofLife.tv
1801:
1800:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1517:
1502:
1501:
1473:
1462:
1461:
1441:
1430:
1424:
1415:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1377:
1346:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1305:
1288:(3): 1105–1109.
1274:Charlesworth, B.
1270:
1264:
1263:
1253:
1228:(3): 1105–1109.
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1159:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1101:
1064:Charlesworth, B.
1060:
1043:
1034:His surname was
1032:
861:
850:10.1038/246015a0
598:His final book,
388:Second World War
373:J. B. S. Haldane
332:evolution of sex
320:J. B. S. Haldane
316:Second World War
310:. Originally an
298:
268:J. B. S. Haldane
263:Doctoral advisor
147:Evolution of sex
100:
81:
79:
64:
54:
43:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2470:
2462:
2456:James Lighthill
2454:
2446:
2438:
2430:
2422:
2416:James D. Watson
2414:
2406:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2326:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2294:
2286:
2280:Dorothy Hodgkin
2278:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2190:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2158:
2152:Harold Jeffreys
2150:
2142:
2134:
2126:
2118:
2110:
2104:E. T. Whittaker
2102:
2094:
2086:
2078:
2070:
2064:
2032:(In Portuguese)
2018:Wayback Machine
2006:Wayback Machine
1958:
1932:Wayback Machine
1910:Wayback Machine
1898:Wayback Machine
1885:Wayback Machine
1869:Wayback Machine
1858:
1850:Wayback Machine
1838:Wayback Machine
1826:Wayback Machine
1815:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1702:
1700:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1562:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1519:
1518:
1505:
1490:
1475:
1474:
1465:
1458:
1434:Benton, Michael
1432:
1431:
1427:
1412:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1161:
1160:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1033:
1029:
1024:
836:(5427): 15–18.
821:
762:
669:
661:British Library
657:
624:
616:
596:
556:Linnean Society
514:
485:George R. Price
473:
455:
412:
361:natural history
349:
344:
328:George R. Price
294:
280:
218:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
149:
145:
131:
112:
102:
98:
89:
83:
77:
75:
67:
55:
50:
48:
39:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2658:
2656:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2585:Game theorists
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2487:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2472:Alan Battersby
2468:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2428:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2400:Sydney Brenner
2396:
2388:
2384:CĂ©sar Milstein
2380:
2376:Michael Atiyah
2372:
2364:
2360:Rudolf Peierls
2356:
2348:
2340:
2332:
2328:John Cornforth
2324:
2316:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2284:
2276:
2268:
2264:W. V. D. Hodge
2260:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2204:
2200:Lawrence Bragg
2196:
2188:
2184:Sydney Chapman
2180:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2140:
2132:
2124:
2116:
2108:
2100:
2096:Albert Kluyver
2092:
2084:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2024:
2022:Daniel Dennett
2008:
1998:New York Times
1994:
1987:
1978:
1973:
1966:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1943:
1922:
1919:Web of Stories
1912:
1900:
1888:
1875:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1840:
1828:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1808:External links
1806:
1803:
1802:
1797:10.1086/431089
1781:Animal Signals
1771:
1740:
1710:
1680:
1650:
1638:
1571:
1541:
1503:
1488:
1463:
1456:
1425:
1410:
1389:
1332:
1317:
1265:
1208:
1147:
1121:
1084:(3): 253–265.
1054:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1008:Animal Signals
1000:
982:
962:
948:
934:
920:
904:
890:
876:
862:
819:
805:
791:
790:
789:
761:
758:
757:
756:
746:
740:
734:
731:Crafoord Prize
728:
722:
716:
710:
704:
698:
691:
684:
677:
668:
665:
656:
653:
623:
620:
615:
612:
600:Animal Signals
595:
593:Animal Signals
590:
560:Crafoord Prize
530:Eörs Szathmáry
513:
510:
495:Hawk-Dove game
472:
467:
454:
451:
411:
408:
348:
345:
343:
340:
287:
286:
283:
282:
275:
271:
270:
265:
259:
258:
249:
245:
244:
235:
231:
230:
224:
223:
201:Crafoord Prize
158:
154:
153:
140:
139:Known for
136:
135:
126:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
103:
101:(aged 84)
95:
91:
90:
84:
82:6 January 1920
73:
69:
68:
65:
57:
56:
49:
46:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2657:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2440:Alan Cottrell
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2408:George Porter
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2272:Francis Crick
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2256:Andrew Huxley
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2224:Peter Medawar
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2128:Howard Florey
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2112:Ronald Fisher
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1942:(56min video)
1941:
1937:
1936:Robert Wright
1933:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1741:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1639:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1572:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1398:Sterelny, Kim
1393:
1390:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:(11): 70–78.
1354:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1333:
1328:
1321:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1036:Maynard Smith
1031:
1028:
1021:
1017:
1016:0-19-852685-7
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
999:
998:0-19-286209-X
995:
991:
987:
983:
981:
980:0-19-850294-X
977:
973:
972:
967:
963:
961:
960:0-19-850231-1
957:
953:
949:
947:
946:0-412-03821-8
943:
939:
935:
933:
932:0-19-289198-7
929:
925:
921:
919:
918:0-521-28884-3
915:
911:
910:
905:
903:
902:0-7167-1426-4
899:
895:
894:Evolution Now
891:
889:
888:0-521-29302-2
885:
881:
877:
875:
874:0-521-20262-0
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
830:
825:
820:
818:
817:0-85224-223-9
814:
810:
806:
804:
803:0-521-07335-9
800:
796:
792:
788:
787:0-521-45128-0
784:
780:
779:
778:
777:0-14-020433-4
774:
770:
769:
764:
763:
759:
754:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
719:Linnean Medal
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
692:
689:
685:
682:
678:
675:
674:Royal Society
671:
670:
666:
664:
662:
654:
652:
651:
646:
645:New Scientist
642:
638:
633:
629:
621:
619:
613:
611:
609:
605:
601:
594:
591:
589:
587:
586:
580:
575:
573:
569:
565:
562:jointly with
561:
557:
553:
552:Linnean Medal
548:
543:
541:
537:
536:
531:
527:
523:
519:
511:
509:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
491:
486:
482:
478:
471:
468:
466:
464:
460:
452:
450:
448:
444:
439:
437:
436:
431:
430:
425:
421:
417:
410:Second degree
409:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
346:
341:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
302:
297:
293:
284:
279:
276:
272:
269:
266:
264:
260:
257:
253:
250:
246:
243:
239:
236:
232:
229:
225:
221:
216:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
181:Linnean Medal
177:
172:
167:
162:
159:
155:
152:
148:
144:
141:
137:
134:
130:
127:
123:
119:
115:
110:
106:
97:19 April 2004
96:
92:
87:
74:
70:
63:
58:
53:
44:
41:
37:
33:
32:Maynard Smith
29:
22:
2463:
2432:Frank Fenner
2312:Derek Barton
2240:Norman Pirie
2208:Bernard Katz
2192:Alan Hodgkin
2080:David Keilin
2028:CiĂŞncia Hoje
2027:
1997:
1990:
1969:
1962:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1731:. Retrieved
1722:
1713:
1701:. Retrieved
1692:
1683:
1671:. Retrieved
1662:
1653:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1588:
1584:
1574:
1563:, retrieved
1553:
1532:. Retrieved
1522:
1478:
1443:
1428:
1401:
1392:
1380:. Retrieved
1352:
1348:
1335:
1326:
1320:
1285:
1281:
1268:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1199:. Retrieved
1171:
1167:
1138:. Retrieved
1124:
1081:
1075:
1058:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1007:
989:
986:Szathmáry, E
969:
966:Szathmáry, E
951:
937:
923:
907:
893:
879:
865:
833:
827:
809:On Evolution
808:
794:
766:
760:Publications
737:Copley Medal
713:Balzan Prize
701:Darwin Medal
658:
649:
644:
640:
636:
631:
625:
617:
604:David Harper
599:
597:
592:
582:
576:
547:Balzan Prize
544:
539:
533:
517:
515:
506:Darwin Medal
499:
488:
474:
469:
456:
443:Soviet Union
440:
433:
427:
413:
377:
365:Eton College
350:
291:
290:
248:Institutions
227:
196:Copley Medal
171:Balzan Prize
161:Mendel Medal
99:(2004-04-19)
40:
35:
31:
2500:2004 deaths
2495:1920 births
2448:Hugh Huxley
2392:Abdus Salam
2176:Paul Fildes
2069:(1951–2000)
2030:(28/6/2004)
1382:1 September
1201:27 February
824:Price, G.R.
743:Kyoto Prize
725:Royal Medal
707:Frink Medal
622:Controversy
572:Kyoto Prize
479:called the
386:. When the
347:Early years
324:game theory
314:during the
206:Kyoto Prize
186:Royal Medal
166:Frink Medal
143:Game theory
117:Nationality
109:East Sussex
2489:Categories
2368:Robin Hill
2352:Aaron Klug
2304:Max Perutz
2160:Hans Krebs
2088:Paul Dirac
1985:Marek Kohn
1956:Obituaries
1791:(1): 126.
1174:(1): 1–8.
1068:Harvey, P.
1050:References
564:Ernst Mayr
429:Drosophila
424:alma mater
308:geneticist
242:geneticist
78:1920-01-06
1970:The Times
1613:1476-4687
1498:826131713
1349:Resonance
1242:0016-6731
1188:0066-4197
1006:. (2003)
1004:Harper, D
988:. (1999)
968:. (1997)
781:1993 edn
420:fruit fly
418:to study
342:Biography
125:Education
111:, England
88:, England
28:barrelled
2014:Archived
2002:Archived
1963:Guardian
1928:Archived
1906:Archived
1894:Archived
1881:Archived
1865:Archived
1846:Archived
1834:Archived
1822:Archived
1727:Archived
1697:Archived
1667:Archived
1625:Archived
1559:archived
1528:Archived
1436:(2009).
1400:(2007).
1373:Archived
1369:82303195
1312:15579672
1282:Genetics
1276:(2004).
1260:15579672
1222:Genetics
1196:16285849
1140:24 March
1134:Archived
1116:85622626
1108:15579672
1070:(2005).
686:Member,
679:Member,
672:Fellow,
406:design.
392:eyesight
278:Sean Nee
1976:Corante
1921:(video)
1754:Science
1733:21 June
1703:21 June
1673:21 June
1631:7 April
1621:4177102
1593:Bibcode
1565:7 April
1534:7 April
1303:1448785
1251:1448785
1099:1448785
858:4224989
838:Bibcode
554:by the
173:(1991)
120:British
2474:(2000)
2466:(1999)
2458:(1998)
2450:(1997)
2442:(1996)
2434:(1995)
2426:(1994)
2418:(1993)
2410:(1992)
2402:(1991)
2394:(1990)
2386:(1989)
2378:(1988)
2370:(1987)
2362:(1986)
2354:(1985)
2346:(1984)
2338:(1983)
2330:(1982)
2322:(1981)
2314:(1980)
2306:(1979)
2298:(1978)
2290:(1977)
2282:(1976)
2274:(1975)
2266:(1974)
2258:(1973)
2250:(1972)
2242:(1971)
2234:(1970)
2226:(1969)
2218:(1968)
2210:(1967)
2202:(1966)
2194:(1965)
2186:(1964)
2178:(1963)
2170:(1962)
2162:(1961)
2154:(1960)
2146:(1959)
2138:(1958)
2130:(1957)
2122:(1956)
2114:(1955)
2106:(1954)
2098:(1953)
2090:(1952)
2082:(1951)
1619:
1611:
1585:Nature
1496:
1486:
1454:
1448:80–104
1420:
1408:
1367:
1310:
1300:
1258:
1248:
1240:
1194:
1186:
1114:
1106:
1096:
1038:, not
1014:
996:
978:
958:
944:
930:
916:
900:
886:
872:
856:
829:Nature
815:
801:
785:
775:
745:(2001)
739:(1999)
733:(1999)
727:(1997)
721:(1995)
715:(1991)
709:(1990)
703:(1986)
697:(1982)
690:(1980)
683:(1977)
676:(1977)
655:Legacy
637:Nature
493:. The
400:Julian
357:Exmoor
234:Fields
222:(1977)
208:(2001)
203:(1999)
198:(1999)
193:(1998)
188:(1997)
183:(1995)
178:(1995)
168:(1990)
163:(1985)
157:Awards
86:London
34:, not
1856:Media
1617:S2CID
1416:Also
1376:(PDF)
1365:S2CID
1345:(PDF)
1112:S2CID
1040:Smith
1022:Notes
854:S2CID
614:Death
606:, on
105:Lewes
36:Smith
1950:IMDb
1735:2022
1705:2022
1675:2022
1633:2023
1609:ISSN
1567:2023
1536:2023
1494:OCLC
1484:ISBN
1452:ISBN
1418:ISBN
1406:ISBN
1384:2015
1308:PMID
1256:PMID
1238:ISSN
1203:2023
1192:PMID
1184:ISSN
1142:2017
1104:PMID
1012:ISBN
994:ISBN
976:ISBN
956:ISBN
942:ISBN
928:ISBN
914:ISBN
898:ISBN
884:ISBN
870:ISBN
813:ISBN
799:ISBN
783:ISBN
773:ISBN
583:The
566:and
334:and
306:and
240:and
94:Died
72:Born
2020:by
1983:by
1948:at
1938:on
1934:by
1793:doi
1762:doi
1758:164
1601:doi
1589:201
1357:doi
1298:PMC
1290:doi
1286:168
1246:PMC
1230:doi
1226:168
1176:doi
1094:PMC
1086:doi
846:doi
834:246
296:FRS
213:'s
52:FRS
2491::
1789:80
1787:.
1756:.
1725:.
1721:.
1695:.
1691:.
1665:.
1661:.
1623:.
1615:.
1607:.
1599:.
1587:.
1583:.
1544:^
1506:^
1492:.
1466:^
1450:.
1371:.
1363:.
1353:10
1351:.
1347:.
1306:.
1296:.
1284:.
1280:.
1254:.
1244:.
1236:.
1224:.
1220:.
1190:.
1182:.
1172:39
1170:.
1166:.
1150:^
1110:.
1102:.
1092:.
1082:51
1080:.
1074:.
1066:;
852:.
844:.
832:.
648:it
588:.
574:.
508:.
338:.
254:,
107:,
2059:e
2052:t
2045:v
1799:.
1795::
1768:.
1764::
1737:.
1707:.
1677:.
1635:.
1603::
1595::
1538:.
1500:.
1460:.
1414:.
1386:.
1359::
1329:.
1314:.
1292::
1262:.
1232::
1205:.
1178::
1144:.
1118:.
1088::
860:.
848::
840::
650:.
80:)
76:(
38:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
