176:
Alon Harel asserted that the chapter would be significantly revised prior to publication, calling the disputed content "an innocent and very regrettable mistake on our part," and adding, "We assumed that
Professor Ramseyer knows the history better than us. In the meantime, we have learnt a lot about the events and we sent a list of detailed comments on the paper that were written by professional historians and lawyers." Harel also said, "I genuinely regret that a misguided description of the history can be found now in the
281:
academic integrity," including misrepresentations of
Japanese sources and inaccurate citation practices. The scholars challenged the veracity of Ramseyer's research, since they did not find historical evidence of the contracts he described in his article. In addition, they checked Ramseyer's sources and found that "he cites, as supporting evidence, historical scholarship which argues the opposite of his claims," and argued that the paper should be retracted on grounds of
1632:
227:
Ramseyer also argues that Korean men were responsible for recruiting comfort women, and that
Japanese comfort women outnumbered Korean comfort women. He also alleged that a ten-year-old Japanese girl who agreed to go to Borneo for 300 yen had consented to the work, without discussing whether a ten-year-old could adequately consent to sex.
289:
issued an "Expression of
Concern" regarding the validity of Ramseyer's piece, and postponed publication of the print version of the issue in question until such time as scholarly replies to Ramseyer's piece could be gathered and added to the issue for context. As of October 2022, the print version of
257:
The
Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies at Harvard issued a statement on March 15 which questioned whether Ramseyer's article met Harvard's standards of scholarly integrity. Over a thousand economists signed a letter stating that the article misconstrued game theory and economics to give "cover
175:
Ramseyer argued that "young
Koreans were a high crime group in Japan," and suggested that the massacre of Koreans at the hands of Japanese police in the chaos that followed the earthquake may have been partially justified. When scholars disputed the accuracy of these claims, the Handbook's co-editor
226:
were coerced into sexual servitude in
Japanese military brothels in the 1930s and 1940s. Ramseyer described the comfort women as prostitutes, arguing that they "chose prostitution over those alternative opportunities because they believed prostitution offered them a better outcome." In the article,
280:
published a special issue on comfort women including four essays by several academic historians of Japan focusing on the issues surrounding the
Ramseyer article. The authors of the four articles accused Ramseyer of "serious violations of scholarly standards and methods that strike at the heart of
306:
programmatically and forcibly conscripted by
Japanese soldiers in Korea into comfort station work." Ramseyer asserted that "courageous scholars in Korea are increasingly speaking out" against the narrative that comfort women were compelled to perform their work. He also chastised his critics for
171:
In the original draft of the chapter, Ramseyer relied on contemporary
Japanese-language newspaper accounts. He first reiterated claims made in the newspapers, writing that Koreans "poisoned water supplies, they murdered, they pillaged, they raped". He then wrote, "The puzzle is not whether this
301:
On 4 January 2022, Ramseyer published a response to criticisms of his original article, titled "Contracting for Sex in the Pacific War: A Response to My Critics". In the response, Ramseyer stood by the majority of his significant claims, writing "Korean women were
238:
submitted a statement critical of Ramseyer's article to the International Review of Law and Economics asking that the journal delay formal publication until it had been approved by further expert peer review. Shortly after, activist and comfort woman survivor
58:
conscripted under Japanese imperial rule were primarily voluntary prostitutes. This includes a claim that a ten-year-old girl adequately consented to sex work, without a discussion of whether a ten-year-old could adequately consent to sex at all.
297:
In April 2021, Ramseyer joined a Zoom event organized by right-wing groups in Japan, during which he called his critics "Stalinists" and alleged that their criticisms reflected a widespread anti-Japanese bias within American universities.
243:
met with Harvard students via Zoom to tell her story, recognize the disputed nature of Ramseyer's description of comfort women as "prostitutes," and call for a formal apology from Japan and from Ramseyer. Harvard Law School Professor
294:
although the original online preprint of Ramseyer's article, according to the journal's policies, "will remain globally available free to read whether the journal accepts or rejects the manuscript."
258:
to legitimize horrific atrocities," and that the "article goes well beyond mere academic failure or malpractice in its breach of academic standards, integrity, and ethics." Economists and
164:
In 2019, a book chapter written by Ramseyer titled "Privatizing Police: Japanese Police, the Korean Massacre, and Private Security Firms" was accepted for publication in the forthcoming
122:
350:
J. Mark Ramseyer, Book Review, Japanese Stud. (Oct. 23, 2020) (reviewing R.W. Kostal, Laying Down the Law: The American Legal Revolutions in Occupied Germany and Japan (2019))
1719:
37:. He is the author of over 10 books and 50 articles in scholarly journals. He is co-author of one of the leading corporations casebooks, Klein, Ramseyer & Bainbridge,
133:
from 1986 to 1992, he moved first to the University Chicago School of Law and then, in 1998, to Harvard. He has also taught at several Japanese universities including the
45:
in recognition of "his extensive contributions to the development of Japanese studies in the U.S. and the promotion of understanding toward Japanese society and culture."
1131:
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254:, translated into Korean and Japanese in March, describing the effects of Ramseyer's "dubious scholarship" on Japan-South Korea relations and scholars' reactions.
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1180:"Letter by Concerned Economists Regarding "Contracting for Sex in the Pacific War" in the International Review of Law and Economics"
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is a "fictive identity" created in 1922. This article provoked detailed rebuttals from a number of Japanese and western scholars.
557:
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684:
1734:
568:
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731:
Ramseyer, J. Mark (12 June 2019). "Privatizing Police: Japanese Police, the Korean Massacre, and Private Security Firms".
180:(and that we are associated with it), but I assure you that the mistake will not be repeated in the forthcoming volume."
1339:"Harvard professor sparks outrage after claiming Korean 'comfort women' worked as voluntary prostitutes, not sex slaves"
83:. His father was Dr. Robert Lewis Ramseyer, an anthropology PhD who founded the Hiroshima Mennonite Church and authored
1155:
1023:
856:
609:
972:"Statement by Andrew Gordon and Carter Eckert concerning J. Mark Ramseyer, "Contracting for Sex in the Pacific War""
1279:"Supplement to Special Issue: Academic Integrity at Stake: The Ramseyer Article – Four Letters (Table of Contents)"
1254:"Supplement to Special Issue: Academic Integrity at Stake: The Ramseyer Article – Four Letters (Table of Contents)"
1228:
231:
1416:"Journal Delays Print Publication of Harvard Law Professor's Controversial 'Comfort Women' Article Amid Outcry"
1415:
767:"Harvard professor Ramseyer to revise paper on 1923 massacre of Koreans in Japan: Cambridge handbook editor"
240:
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42:
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429:
416:
103:
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Stanley, Amy; Shepherd, Hannah; Chatani, Sayaka; Ambaras, David; Schieder, Chelsea Szendi (2022-01-10).
1156:"Statement by the Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies | Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies"
33:(born 1954) is an American legal scholar who is the Mitsubishi Professor of Japanese Legal Studies at
1759:
1390:""Contracting for Sex in the Pacific War": The Case for Retraction on Grounds of Academic Misconduct"
875:""Contracting for Sex in the Pacific War": The Case for Retraction on Grounds of Academic Misconduct"
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about the paper, he wrote in the response "The tweeting scholars seemed to be running a carnival."
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the article had not been published and no further articles by Ramseyer have been published in the
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1563:"Concerned Scholars - Comment on Ramseyer, "Contracting for Sex in the Pacific War: A Response""
834:"Japan's Burakumin (Outcastes) Reconsidered: A Special Issue Refuting Ramseyer's Interpretation"
442:"Indentured prostitution in imperial Japan: credible commitments in the commercial sex industry"
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1633:"Social Capital and the Problem of Opportunistic Leadership: The Example of Koreans in Japan"
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1488:"'Flatly Untrue, Misleading': Harvard Professor Responds to Critics of Comfort Women Paper"
1441:"Announcements – International Review of Law and Economics | ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier"
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Stanley, Amy; Shepherd, Hannah; Chatani, Sayaka; Ambaras, David; Szendi Schieder, Chelsea.
487:
355:
Social Capital and the Problem of Opportunistic Leadership: The Example of Koreans in Japan
222:
published an online pre-print of an article by Ramseyer that challenged the narrative that
85:
Mission and the Peace Witness: The Gospel and Christian Discipleship and Sharing the Gospel
688:
538:
Business Associations, Cases and Materials on Agency, Partnerships, LLCs, and Corporations
259:
39:
Business Associations, Cases and Materials on Agency, Partnerships, LLCs, and Corporations
1229:"Two Nobel Economics Prize winners say Ramseyer's paper reminds them of Holocaust denial"
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In February, Ramseyer's Harvard colleagues in History and East Asian Studies Professors
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1309:"The Abuse of History: A Brief Response to J. Mark Ramseyer's 'Contracting for Sex'"
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Harvard Professor John Mark Ramseyer Argue Over True Story of Comfort Women in Korea
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A number of responses to Ramseyer's response were published in the following weeks.
1588:"On Ramseyer's Response to the Critics of 'Contracting for Sex in the Pacific War'"
540:, William Klein, J. Ramseyer, Stephen Bainbridge, West Academic Publishing (2018)
357:(John M. Olin Ctr. for L. Econ. & Bus. Discussion Paper No. 1043, Oct. 2, 2020)
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1024:"A Harvard Professor Called Wartime Sex Slaves 'Prostitutes.' One Pushed Back"
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610:"A Harvard Professor Called Wartime Sex Slaves 'Prostitutes.' One Pushed Back"
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Amos, Timothy D.; Ehlers, Maren; McKnight, Anne; Ambaras, David; Neary, Ian.
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In 2021, Ramseyer came under scrutiny for a preprint article released by the
1364:"Harvard professor sparks outrage with claims about Japan's 'comfort women'"
998:"Harvard professor sparks outrage with claims about Japan's 'comfort women'"
199:
189:
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857:"Doing Violence to Buraku History: J. Mark Ramseyer's Dangerous Inventions"
435:. John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business, Harvard Law School.
1603:
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Measuring Judicial Independence: The Political Economy of Judging in Japan
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900:"Harvard professor invites fury by calling 'comfort women' prostitutes"
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795:"On the Invention of Identity Politics: The Buraku Outcastes in Japan"
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criticizing the paper outside of academic settings. Of discussions on
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558:
Professor Mark Ramseyer to receive Order of the Rising Sun decoration
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364:(Harv. John M. Olin Ctr. Discussion Paper No. 1039, Sept. 10, 2020)
1673:"Contracting for Sex in the Pacific War: A Response to My Critics"
707:"Harvard professor's paper on Kanto Massacre angers South Koreans"
76:
332:
The Fable of the Keiretsu: Urban Legends of the Japanese Economy
177:
130:
99:
91:
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Japanese Law: Readings in the Political Economy of Japanese Law
1057:"Harvard professor ignites uproar over 'comfort women' claims"
925:"Harvard Prof Rejects Historical Consensus on 'Comfort Women'"
670:
http://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/ramseyer/ramseyer2010cv.pdf
430:"Comfort women and the Professors- Discussion Paper No. 995"
347:(J. Mark Ramseyer ed., forthcoming, Routledge Revivals 2021)
668:"J. Mark Ramseyer," curriculum vitae, Harvard Law School,
569:
Order of the Rising Sun awarded to Professor Mark Ramseyer
41:, now in its 10th edition. In 2018 he was awarded Japan's
1465:"Ramseyer and the Right-Wing Ecosystem Suffocating Japan"
1655:"Suing over Ostracism in Japan: The Informational Logic"
325:
Second-Best Justice: The Virtues of Japanese Private Law
373:
Suing over Ostracism in Japan: The Informational Logic
1414:
Levien, Simon J.; Kim, Ariel H. (February 14, 2021).
578:
576:
123:
United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit
43:
Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon
1644:"Contracting for Compassion in Japanese Buddhism"
1486:Morgan, Jason; University, Reitaku (2022-01-15).
1677:The Harvard John M. Olin Discussion Paper Series
446:The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization
362:Contracting for Compassion in Japanese Buddhism
71:missionary parents, Ramseyer lived in Kyushu's
417:"Recovering the Truth about the Comfort Women"
194:In 2019, Ramseyer published an article in the
172:happened. It is how extensively it happened".
1082:"Seeking the True Story of the Comfort Women"
970:Gordon, Andrew; Eckert, Carter (2021-02-17).
638:"Seeking the True Story of the Comfort Women"
585:"Seeking the True Story of the Comfort Women"
8:
488:"J. Mark Ramseyer | Harvard Law School"
1720:Anti-Korean sentiment in the United States
292:International Review of Law and Economics,
799:International Review of Law and Economics
760:
758:
672:, September 2010, viewed January 8, 2021.
504:, September 2010, viewed January 8, 2021.
405:
393:International Review of Law and Economics
337:J. Mark Ramseyer & Eric B. Rasmusen,
287:International Review of Law and Economics
219:International Review of Law and Economics
196:International Review of Law and Economics
51:International Review of Law and Economics
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832:Neary, Ian; Saito, Naoko (May 1, 2021).
388:"Contracting for sex in the Pacific War"
1201:"Statement by Al Roth and Paul Milgrom"
479:
79:through the age of 18 and is fluent in
1307:Morris-Suzuki, Tessa (March 1, 2021).
793:Ramseyer, J. Mark (November 6, 2019).
608:Youmi Kim and Mike Ives (2021-02-26).
452:(1). Oxford University Press: 89–116.
125:, Ramseyer practiced law at Chicago's
1394:The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus
1258:The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus
1022:Kim, Youmi; Ives, Mike (2021-02-26).
879:The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus
838:The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus
705:Shim, Elizabeth (February 17, 2021).
700:
698:
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380:Publications related to comfort women
330:Yoshiro Miwa & J. Mark Ramseyer,
269:wrote that the article "reminded of
7:
1277:Dudden, Alexs, ed. (March 1, 2021).
682:The Harvard Crimson February 5, 1998
631:
629:
502:curriculum vitae, Harvard Law School
216:In 2021, controversy arose when the
765:Song, Sang-ho (February 20, 2021).
415:Ramseyer, Mark (January 12, 2021).
285:. In light of these critiques, the
166:Cambridge Handbook on Privatization
27:American legal academic (born 1954)
1586:Lee, Yong-shik (9 February 2022).
1130:Suk Gersen, Jeannie (2021-03-13).
1105:Suk Gersen, Jeannie (2021-03-13).
1080:Suk Gersen, Jeannie (2021-02-26).
636:Gersen, Jeannie Suk (2021-02-25).
25:
583:Jeannie Suk Gersen (2021-02-26).
278:Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus
1671:Ramseyer, J. Mark (2022-01-04).
428:Ramseyer, J. Mark (March 2019).
386:Ramseyer, J. Mark (March 2021).
1055:Binkley, Collin (2021-03-08).
1:
1740:University of Michigan alumni
248:then published an article in
102:in Japanese studies from the
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1730:Harvard Law School faculty
1592:Law and Development Review
711:United Press International
440:Ramseyer, J. Mark (1991).
407:10.1016/j.irle.2020.105971
341:(Univ. of Chi. Press 2003)
334:(Univ. of Chi. Press 2006)
209:
187:
157:
1725:Harvard Law School alumni
117:After clerking for Judge
1313:The Asia-Pacific Journal
1283:The Asia-Pacific Journal
733:Law Enforcement eJournal
198:in which he argued that
154:1923 massacre of Koreans
129:. After teaching law at
94:in history in 1976 from
367:J. Mark Ramseyer &
139:Hitotsubashi University
1745:Historical negationism
515:"Bibliography Archive"
149:Academic controversies
104:University of Michigan
1735:Goshen College alumni
1604:10.1515/ldr-2022-0004
1445:www.sciencedirect.com
811:10.1515/rle-2019-0021
687:June 5, 2011, at the
318:Selected publications
1750:Comfort women denial
1703:Harvard Law School:
1160:rijs.fas.harvard.edu
741:10.2139/ssrn.3402724
500:"J. Mark Ramseyer,"
90:Ramseyer received a
63:Education and career
1004:. February 17, 2021
283:academic misconduct
135:University of Tokyo
127:Sidley & Austin
73:Miyazaki Prefecture
1210:. February 7, 2021
1107:"위안부 이야기의 진실을 찾아서"
1028:The New York Times
861:Concerned Scholars
772:Yonhap News Agency
614:The New York Times
519:Harvard Law School
360:J. Mark Ramseyer,
353:J. Mark Ramseyer,
323:J. Mark Ramseyer,
246:Jeannie Suk Gersen
112:Harvard Law School
54:which argued that
35:Harvard Law School
31:John Mark Ramseyer
18:John Mark Ramseyer
1691:– via SSRN.
1683:. Rochester, NY.
1622:– via SSRN.
904:The Straits Times
143:Tohoku University
16:(Redirected from
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1132:"慰安婦の真実を追い求めて"
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