708:, an account of Confederate partisan warfare during Civil War in western Missouri and border Kansas. Edwards grew concerned by the early-1870s that Missouri, a divided state which ultimately remained in the Union, would be isolated from the mainstream Lost Cause movement. So more than just a chronicle of the guerrilla war in the western borderlands, "Noted Guerrillas" also functioned as the basis of an "irregular Lost Cause" that Edwards specially constructed for Missouri. William Clarke Quantrill, "Bloody Bill" Anderson, and the James brothers, Frank and Jesse, were among the bushwhackers deified as Confederate heroes in place of standard Lost Cause icons like
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451:(March 23–May 2, 1864) was initiated to destroy all remaining Confederate forces to the east of the Mississippi and drive out all remaining Confederate sympathizers throughout Missouri and Arkansas and Mississippi. Due to Edwards' now vast intelligence network and clandestine cache system of supplies, Shelby was able to lead a brilliant and determined harassment of the larger Union Army and in concert with other Confederate forces defeat the army and force it back into Little Rock, where it was placed under siege after Shelby located and destroyed or captured the Army's entire supply train at Mark's Mill.
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614:, thousands of other Confederate soldiers also arrived. Here the ex-Confederates rebuilt their arms and temporarially their fortunes. Allen had received a $ 10,000 grant from Maximilian to establish a full English language newspaper, "The Mexican Times." He was joined by Edwards who continued the venture after Allen's death from yellow fever. The grant exhausted, Edwards' business skills were insufficient to retain the paper. It was sold to C.B. Barksdale under whom it prospered until suppressed by
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John N. Edwards: biography, memoirs, reminiscences and recollections; his brilliant career as soldier, author, and journalist; choice collection of his most notable and interesting newspaper articles, together with some unpublished poems and many private letters. Also a reprint of Shelby's expedition
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had resulted in the replacement of the existing secessionist
Southern Democrat state governments. Nonetheless, in the intervening two years, the Johnson Administration in Washington D.C. as well as other State government's had granted amnesty to most Confederate leaders. With upheaval in the South,
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managed a remarkable feat in disguising the troop and providing it with supplies in its long march. Additionally, they had already managed to negotiate the purchase of hundreds of thousands of acres around
Veracruz, Mexico, to which the Shelby and other Confederate army exiles would regroup.
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near present-day Eagle Pass (TX) on the way to Mexico rather than risk the flag falling into the hands of the
Federals. The event is depicted in a painting displayed at the Eagle Pass City Hall. The memory of Shelby and his men as "The Undefeated" is used as a distant basis for the 1969
413:. In this position he handled various staff affairs for this commander, including the reconnaissance and intelligence required for effective military command. As a result of his great ability in recruiting agents and knowledge of the territory, when Shelby was promoted to command a
464:. When Shelby's feint northward encouraged its Union Army defenders to leave the ironclad, thereby leaving it essentially undefended, Shelby silently returned and captured it. However, hot on his heels was the larger Union Army, and Shelby destroyed it to avoid recapture.
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However, as had happened before and later in
Mexican history, land sold/granted to foreigners was just as often expropriated. With the overthrow of Maximilian, all of the land was appropriated by the restored republican government of Mexico two years later.
675:. In the pages of the Kansas City Times Edwards established the James Brothers as symbols of ex-Confederates "striking back" against perceived corruption, graft, oppression and criminality of military backed Republican rule in Missouri.
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On March 28, 1871, Edwards eloped and married a cousin, Mary
Virginia Plattenburg, on the Shelby farm. Her parents objected to their marriage because of their family relationship. The union eventually produced two sons and a daughter.
527:. For their determination not to surrender, they were immortalized as "the undefeated". A later verse appended to the angry post-war Confederate anthem, "The Unreconstructed Rebel" commemorates the defiance of Shelby and his men:
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591:, the United States government threatened invasion. Additionally, Maximillian was already facing increasing pressure from the Mexican insurrection, which was spearheaded by forces loyal to the legitimate government of
551:. Organized as a great troop train of 1,000 men, Edwards and the other cavalry made a defiant portrait as they rode south with the Union Army hot on their heels. Once again Edwards' network and what remained of the
655:, a staunch Democratic paper in a military ruled state governed by Republican Party officials. Edwards used the paper to champion a return to prominence of former Missouri Confederates, denounced black jurors, "
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As the French withdrew their occupation forces supporting
Maximilian in 1866, Shelby returned to Missouri in 1867 and resumed farming. In 1883, Shelby was a critical witness for fellow ex-Confederate
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436:. Between September 22 and November 3, 1863, Edwards helped maintain and keep the brigade intact as it travelled 1,500 miles through Missouri, inflicting over 1,000 casualties on
432:" of Missouri volunteers in 1863, Edwards helped organize, provision, reconnaissance, and gather intelligence on what was to be the longest cavalry raid of the war at that time,
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In 1887, Edwards returned to Kansas City as editor of the paper he had founded. Edwards' health was damaged by alcoholism, and he died in 1889 at the age of 50 in
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as a 'foreign legion.' Maximilian declined to accept the ex-Confederates into his armed forces, but he did grant them land for an
American colony in Mexico near
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forces, and capturing or destroying an estimated $ 400,000,000 worth of
Federal supplies and property in 2000 year prices. When Shelby was promoted to
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Hulbert, Matthew
Christopher (March 2012). "Constructing Guerrilla Memory: John Newman Edwards and Missouri's Irregular Lost Cause".
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507:. Organizing these provisions was a feat in itself, and it enabled Shelby's force to make magnificent inroads into Union territory.
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supporters after they captured Mexico City. Edwards wrote his first book while in Mexico, "An
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Consequently, Edwards participated in every one of Shelby's noted campaigns including the early battles at
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The Ghosts of Guerrilla Memory: How Civil War Bushwhackers Became Gunslingers in the American West
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leaders of Southern resistance to Reconstruction begged Shelby, Edwards, and others to return.
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With Edwards having obtained a land grant from Maximilian, this enabled Shelby to found the
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409:. Edwards joined it. In September 1863, he was appointed brigade adjutant, with the rank of
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on December 15, 1863, at the successful conclusion of his raid, Edwards was also promoted.
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and raise sheep. However, he was persuaded by friends and family to remain in Missouri.
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Christensen, Lawrence O.; Foley, William E.; Kremer, Gary R.; Winn, Kenneth H. (1999).
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Edwards remained at the Times until 1873. He then moved to St. Louis to edit
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to Mexico, an unwritten leaf of the war: comp. by his wife, Jennie Edwards
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852:. Fayetteville, Arkansas: University of Arkansas Press. p. 72.
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area, Edwards' intelligence network located the Union ironclad
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Edwards, Mary Virginia Plattenburg; Edwards, John N. (1889).
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As summer was ending Shelby then commanded a division during
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The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford
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The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford
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The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford
1037:. The State Historical Society of Missouri. Archived from
825:. The State Historical Society of Missouri. Archived from
686:. On September 4, 1875 he fought a pistol duel with Col.
595:. Not wanting to incur the enmity of the victorious
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around 1855. As a child, he learned type-setting in
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Biography, Memoirs, Reminiscences and Recollections
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I won't be reconstructed, I'm better now than then.
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
536:So it's forward to the frontier, soon as I can go.
475:. Edwards distinguished himself at the battles of
332:(January 4, 1839 – May 4, 1889) was General
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1497:I Feel Like a Bullet (In the Gun of Robert Ford)
949:With variations by Ry Cooder for the 1980 film,
720:. He later moved to Sedalia to become editor of
649:as a reporter. The following year, he began the
382:, Edwards became a printer for "The Expositor."
908:"Confederates Sink Ironclad near DeValls Bluff"
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752:Noted Guerrillas: or, The Warfare of the Border
697:Edwards left the Dispatch, planning to move to
559:Reportedly, Shelby sank his battle flag in the
850:Guide to Missouri Confederate Units, 1861-1865
755:. St. Louis: H.W. Brand & Co. p. 464.
645:Returning to Missouri in 1867, Edwards joined
538:I'll fix me up a weapon and start for Mexico.
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534:And for a Carpetbagger I do not give a damn.
428:. When Shelby had formed his full strength "
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543:Their plan was to offer their services to
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1374:Jesse James Meets Frankenstein's Daughter
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
910:. Old State House Museum. Archived from
1094:. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
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766:. Kansas City: J. Edwards. p. 446.
1121:Biographical sketch of John E. Edwards
886:. University of North Carolina Press.
1559:Gunfighter II: Revenge of Jesse James
1552:Gunfighter: The Legend of Jesse James
1088:Hulbert, Matthew Christopher (2016).
7:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1631:People from Warren County, Virginia
1390:The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid
1294:Adventures of Frank and Jesse James
819:"John Newman Edwards (1839 – 1889)"
884:General Jo Shelby:Undefeated Rebel
817:Trout, Carlynn; Engel, Elizabeth.
14:
1641:19th-century American journalists
370:on January 4, 1839, and moved to
1626:Confederate States Army officers
1134:Edwards and the Jesse James myth
1067:Dictionary of Missouri Biography
1013:"Biography: John Newman Edwards"
447:In 1864, Union General Steele's
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724:. He next became editor of the
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34:needs additional citations for
16:American journalist (1839–1889)
1310:The James Brothers of Missouri
882:O'Flaherty, Daniel C. (1954).
454:Reassigned with Shelby to the
1:
1350:The True Story of Jesse James
1015:. Public Broadcasting Service
390:In 1862, Confederate General
249:Confederate States of America
1072:University of Missouri Press
995:Journal of the Civil War Era
978:Sellmeyer, Deryl P. (2007).
965:A Dynasty of Western Outlaws
366:John N. Edwards was born in
704:In 1877, Edwards published
583:Edwards followed Shelby to
348:journalist who founded the
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1334:The Great Jesse James Raid
925:Price, Allen (2000–2001).
553:Confederate Secret Service
1646:American male journalists
1490:The Legend of Jesse James
1449:The Legend of Jesse James
1130:, via civilwarstlouis.com
963:Wellman, Paul I. (1961).
791:"Maj John Newman Edwards"
749:Edwards, John N. (1877).
322:
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199:Mary Virginia Plattenburg
130:
1656:Kansas City Times people
980:Jo Shelby's Iron Brigade
927:"Fannin County TXGenWeb"
1580:Jesse James Home Museum
1326:The Great Missouri Raid
1286:Jesse James Rides Again
519:'s army surrendered in
368:Warren County, Virginia
344:, an author, and a pro-
269:Confederate States Army
147:Warren County, Virginia
848:McGhee, James (2008).
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1651:Shelby's Iron Brigade
1035:"John Newman Edwards"
573:film by the same name
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376:Front Royal, Virginia
307:Shelby's Iron Brigade
275:Years of service
58:"John Newman Edwards"
1074:. pp. 276–277.
823:Historic Missourians
505:California, Missouri
378:. After settling in
43:improve this article
1585:John Newman Edwards
1270:Days of Jesse James
1247:Cultural depictions
829:on January 14, 2018
735:. He was buried in
718:P. G. T. Beauregard
667:, Edwards met with
612:Henry Watkins Allen
456:Clarendon, Arkansas
434:Shelby's Great Raid
380:Lexington, Missouri
330:John Newman Edwards
125:John Newman Edwards
1636:Missouri Democrats
1621:American duellists
1616:James–Younger Gang
1342:Jesse James' Women
1302:I Shot Jesse James
1278:Jesse James at Bay
1238:James–Younger Gang
1139:2009-04-18 at the
1126:2008-02-16 at the
1001:(1): 60–62, 65–66.
726:St. Joseph Gazette
665:Gallatin, Missouri
545:Emperor Maximilian
342:American Civil War
317:American Civil War
189:Author, Journalist
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1366:Alias Jesse James
1358:Hell's Crossroads
1041:on 4 January 2018
692:St. Louis Journal
652:Kansas City Times
637:at James' trial.
608:Colony of Carlota
477:Little Blue River
449:Camden Expedition
442:Brigadier General
403:Waverly, Missouri
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36:verification
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1611:1889 deaths
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1544:Video games
1515:Jesse James
1262:Jesse James
1232:Robert Ford
1203:Frank James
1177:Jesse James
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833:January 13,
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346:Confederate
340:during the
178:Nationality
157:May 4, 1889
1600:Categories
1526:Literature
1234:(assassin)
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566:John Wayne
561:Rio Grande
362:Early life
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579:In Mexico
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278:1862-1865
1199:(mother)
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1137:Archived
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