376:
275:
1919:
240:. He developed an interest in ants shortly afterwards, collecting his first specimens in North Queensland. He married his first wife, Maggie Forbes in 1908, who bore four children, and died in 1935. He married his second wife, Phyllis Marjorie Claringbulls in 1939 and had two daughters with her. On her suicide in 1943, Clark sent his daughters to an orphanage.
441:. This unusual ant remained unknown to scientists, causing intense scientific interest in the early 1950s. Over three decades, however, teams of Australian and American collectors failed to re-find it after they initiated a series of searches. Then, in 1977, entomologist Robert Taylor and his party of entomologists from Canberra found a solitary worker ant at
286:, Scotland, to parents James Souttar Clark, a coach-painter, and Maggie Clark (nÊe Scott). At an early age, Clark had an interest in entomology throughout his years in Glasgow and adult life in Australia. Clark migrated to Australia in 1905 with little formal education but found himself working for the state railways in
388:
Aside from some papers published discussing myrmecophilous beetles and insect pests in forests, Clark predominately researched and published articles about the taxonomy of
Australian ants. All of his articles and monographs were published in Australia. Throughout his career, Clark described around
350:
in
Melbourne. A couple of years later in 1939, he married his second wife, Phyllis Marjorie Claringbull, at the Office of the Government Statist, bearing two more daughters. Claringbull committed suicide in 1943, three months after she gave birth to her second daughter; Clark later sent them to an
310:
of the
Western Australian Department of Agriculture noticed Clark's enthusiasm for natural history, and on probation, took Clark in as the assistant to the entomologist in 1919. In 1920, Clark's position in the Department of Agriculture was confirmed; due to this, Clark and his family moved to
243:
In 1919, Clark worked as the assistant to the entomologist on probation in the
Western Australian Department of Agriculture, but in 1920, he took on this position full-time. He started to publish his first articles about pest insects and ants from 1921; in 1926 he became an entomologist at the
351:
orphanage as he was unable to look after them. Clark's intemperate attitude to his peers and superiors and lack of qualifications bedevilled his career, although he was welcoming to amateurs. In 1944, Clark resigned from the
National Museum of Victoria after Australian botanist
426:
was made in
December 1931 by Amy Crocker who collected specimens of two worker ants, reportedly near the Russell Range from Israelite Bay in Western Australia. Crocker sent the two specimens to Clark at the museum for study; in 1934, Clark published a formal description of
320:
327:, in which he was appointed in late 1926 and began working there in 1927. After working for the museum, he found museum work "not to his liking" and tried to apply for the post of "economic entomologist" in
360:
256:
in 1944. Living in poverty, Clark lived a reclusive life, publishing his last book in 1951. He died on 1 June 1956 at the age of 71. One of Clark's most notable achievements was describing
393:. He worked and researched with all of the main groups of Australian ants, but his research and revisionary efforts were extensive with members of the former subfamily Cerapachyinae (now
315:. He began publishing his first papers discussing the history of entomology in Western Australia in 1921, and also basic articles about ants, insect pests in Australian forests and
494:
493:. One of Clark's daughters, Ellen Clark, was a renowned naturalist. She had worked with her father at the museum in 1940 and was the secretary of the virus department of the
359:
and lived in poverty, losing all of his entitlements. Due to his reputable view as an authority on ants, Clark worked on a monograph of ants in
Australia, supported by the
298:
in
Western Australia, where Clark worked for the railways as a wheelwright. He had one son and three daughters with Forbes; Forbes later died from heart disease in 1935.
290:. There, he found an interest in ants and made his first collection of specimens in North Queensland. In May 1908, Clark married his first wife, Maggie Forbes, at the
732:"Entomological reports. Formicidae. Pages 39â44, in Report of the Victorian Field Naturalists' Expedition through the Western District of Victoria in October, 1927"
367:). However, the first volume received poor reviews, and no further volume was released. In fact, it is unknown whether or not any further volume will be released.
449:, some 1,300 km (810 mi) from the reported site of the 1931 discovery. After 46 years of searching for it, entomologists have dubbed the ant the "
1974:
469:
Clark died at his
Mooroolbark home on 1 June 1956, at the age of 71. American entomologist William Brown Jr. notes that Clark was living the life of a "
554:
Over the course of his career, Clark published over 35 entomological papers. The following publications are found at the
Hymenoptera Online Database:
375:
1969:
236:, he developed an interest in entomology at a young age. Clark first arrived in Australia in 1905 and originally worked for the state railways in
331:, which at the time was an Australian administered-territory. However, this was unsuccessful for Clark, who remained at the National Museum of
1363:
1244:
422:), which is the most primitive living ant in the world and second most primitive when the fossil record is included. The first collection of
1979:
435:) bore no resemblance to any ant species he knew of, although they did share similar morphological characteristics with the extinct genus
319:
beetles. Three years after his articles were first published, Clark was promoted to assistant-entomologist. Scientists attending the 1926
1231:
1696:
1954:
343:
518:
was originally collected by Clark, but it was not described until 2013. There, the author of the article named the ant after him.
1949:
1572:
1478:
1959:
1266:
1236:
478:
486:
524:
is another ant named after Clark for his contributions towards Australian ants, being described by American entomologist
252:, remaining there for 20 years. Clark continued to publish more articles until he resigned from the National Museum of
1049:"Reports of the McCoy Society for field investigation and research. No. 2. Sir Joseph Banks Islands. 10. Formicidae"
477:. At the time of his death, the majority of his ant collection were housed in the National Museum of Victoria, the
307:
442:
263:
490:
347:
363:
through grants. His first volume was published in 1951, which covered the Australian bulldog ants (subfamily
1964:
446:
328:
525:
431:
as a completely new genus of the Myrmeciinae. He did so because the two specimens (which then became the
536:
514:
498:
356:
542:
520:
1944:
1939:
1621:
1521:
1343:
332:
253:
70:
274:
1867:
Bibliography of Australian Entomology, 1775-1930: with Biographical Notes on Authors and Collectors
530:
335:
for nearly 20 years. In 1933, Clark sold 8,000 ant specimens he collected to the museum for about
1923:
1672:
1553:
1537:
1415:
1381:
1369:
390:
1870:
1739:
1649:
1545:
1359:
1258:
1250:
1240:
1150:
196:
1847:
1809:
1773:
1639:
1629:
1529:
1459:
1351:
1116:
1091:
1063:
1035:
1003:
975:
947:
919:
883:
855:
827:
766:
718:
690:
662:
474:
336:
1393:
352:
324:
245:
217:
201:
1828:
1625:
1525:
1347:
798:
Clark, J.S. (1929). "Contributions to the fauna of Rottnest Island. No. III. The ants".
266:
living ant. Several ants have been named after him in recognition of his contributions.
1758:
1730:
1795:"Contributions to the fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. No. IX. - The ants"
1591:
1933:
1644:
1609:
1444:
1310:
1076:
988:
960:
932:
896:
868:
840:
812:
779:
751:
731:
647:
627:
607:
587:
418:
405:
380:
258:
1912:
1557:
1131:
1048:
1016:
703:
675:
565:
384:
was described by Clark in 1934, and is considered to be the most primitive ant alive
1373:
437:
410:
316:
1226:
1533:
1732:
Colony-founding among ants, with an account of some primitive Australian species
454:
364:
225:
183:
66:
1918:
1667:
1410:
1121:
1104:
502:
450:
399:
287:
237:
221:
178:
1888:
1254:
1154:
461:
and its general nature marks it as one of Clark's most notable achievements.
1874:
1869:. Sydney: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales. pp. 48â49, 240.
1794:
1445:"Notes on Australian ants, with descriptions of new species and a new genus"
1262:
1105:"Notes on the Argentine ant and other exotic ants introduced into Australia"
989:"Notes on Australian ants, with descriptions of new species and a new genus"
394:
295:
249:
1743:
1653:
1634:
1549:
1419:. Canberra, ACT: National Library of Australia. 18 November 1977. p. 3
887:
323:
suggested that Clark should apply for a position as "entomologist" at the
1851:
1813:
1778:
1505:
1463:
1095:
1067:
1039:
1007:
979:
951:
923:
859:
831:
770:
722:
694:
666:
509:
48:
1676:. Canberra, ACT: National Library of Australia. 30 June 1982. p. 18
1541:
470:
432:
283:
233:
44:
1355:
482:
291:
1738:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 83.
374:
312:
273:
813:"Results of a collecting trip to the Cann River, East Gippsland"
342:
Following the death of his first wife in 1935, Clark moved from
1705:) Wheeler, 1911 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae)"
1342:. Vol. 91 (2nd ed.). Wallingford: CABI. p. 311.
1913:
John S. Clark at the AntWiki â Bringing Ants to the World
229:
567:
The Formicidae of Australia (Volume 1). Subfamily Myrmeciinae
361:
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
355:
became the director of the museum. As a result, he moved to
1176:
Referred to as Miss. A. E. Baesjou in Clark's article.
1485:. Narrogin, WA: National Library of Australia. p. 13
841:"New Formicidae, with notes on some little-known species"
294:
Presbyterian Church. After their marriage, they moved to
1235:. Vol. 13. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
573:. Melbourne, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. pp. 1â230.
389:
200 different species of ants, but half of these may be
416:
Clark is most notable for describing the dinosaur ant (
321:
Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science
16:
Scottish-born Australian entomologist and myrmecologist
528:
in 1933. Ants he collected that bear his name include
1405:
1403:
1333:
1331:
501:
and published papers on influenza virus research and
495:
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
192:
171:
156:
101:
93:
85:
77:
55:
30:
23:
508:A number of ants have been named after Clark. The
473:" during his declining years. Clark was buried in
1802:Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia
800:Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia
787:Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia
683:Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia
615:Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia
595:Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia
1614:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1077:"Australian Formicidae. Notes and new species"
1411:"CSIRO team finds world's most primitive ant"
1304:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
8:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1056:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria
876:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria
848:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria
704:"The ants of Victoria. [Part III.]"
282:John S. Clark was born on 21 March 1885 in
1840:Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria
1452:Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria
1143:Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria
1109:Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria
1084:Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria
1028:Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria
996:Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria
968:Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria
940:Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria
20:
1777:
1643:
1633:
1120:
1188:
1169:
148: 1939; died 1943)
125: 1908; died 1935)
1571:Brown, W.L. Jr.; Wilson, E.O. (1959).
1389:
1379:
497:. As well as that, she worked for the
1269:from the original on 20 November 2015
1017:"A revision of Australian species of
216:(21 March 1885 â 1 June 1956) was a
7:
1510:: a living-fossil ant rediscovered"
1975:20th-century Australian zoologists
1338:Gordh, G.; Headrick, D.H. (2011).
1232:Australian Dictionary of Biography
897:"The Australian ants of the genus
228:known for his study of Australian
14:
648:"The ants of Victoria. (Part 2.)"
628:"The ants of Victoria. (Part 1.)"
1917:
1712:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum
869:"Some new Australian Formicidae"
1970:Scottish emigrants to Australia
1766:Psyche: A Journal of Entomology
145:
122:
1477:Serventy, V. (17 March 1955).
1237:Australian National University
1:
1891:. Hymenoptera Online Database
1668:"'Dinosaur' that still lives"
1584:Western Australian Naturalist
487:Museum of Comparative Zoology
278:Glasgow, where Clark was born
135:Phyllis Marjorie Claringbull
1610:"In search of ant ancestors"
1534:10.1126/science.201.4360.979
933:"Ants from the Otway Ranges"
752:"Ants from north Queensland"
97:Contributions to myrmecology
1980:Burials in Victoria (state)
325:National Museum of Victoria
1996:
1590:(2): 25â30. Archived from
1340:A Dictionary of Entomology
308:Leslie John William Newman
1132:"A revision of the genus
1122:10.24199/j.mmv.1941.12.05
409:and members of the tribe
207:
199:Department of Agriculture
164:
1955:Australian entomologists
1827:McAreavey, J.J. (1957).
1309:Brown, W.L. Jr. (1956).
1227:"John Clark (1885â1956)"
306:Australian entomologist
1950:Scientists from Glasgow
1829:"Revision of the genus
1608:Schultz, T. R. (2000).
780:"Australian Formicidae"
676:"Australian Formicidae"
608:"Australian Formicidae"
588:"Australian Formicidae"
397:), especially those of
1960:Scottish entomologists
1793:Wheeler, W.M. (1935).
1759:"Myrmecological notes"
1757:Wheeler, W.M. (1935).
1729:Wheeler, W.M. (1933).
1635:10.1073/pnas.011513798
526:William Morton Wheeler
499:Argus and Australasian
479:Natural History Museum
385:
279:
1865:Musgrave, A. (1932).
1695:Kohout, R.J. (2013).
1508:Nothomyrmecia macrops
1504:Taylor, R.W. (1977).
961:"New Australian ants"
888:10.5281/zenodo.266268
465:Death and recognition
419:Nothomyrmecia macrops
378:
277:
259:Nothomyrmecia macrops
1852:10.5281/zenodo.25878
1814:10.5281/zenodo.25251
1597:on 21 November 2015.
1464:10.5281/zenodo.26629
1443:Clark, J.S. (1934).
1225:Upton, M.S. (1993).
1130:Clark, J.S. (1943).
1103:Clark, J.S. (1941).
1096:10.5281/zenodo.26634
1075:Clark, J.S. (1941).
1068:10.5281/zenodo.26633
1047:Clark, J.S. (1938).
1040:10.5281/zenodo.26632
1015:Clark, J.S. (1936).
1008:10.5281/zenodo.26629
987:Clark, J.S. (1934).
980:10.5281/zenodo.26630
959:Clark, J.S. (1934).
952:10.5281/zenodo.26631
931:Clark, J.S. (1934).
924:10.5281/zenodo.26627
912:Australian Zoologist
895:Clark, J.S. (1930).
867:Clark, J.S. (1930).
860:10.5281/zenodo.26628
839:Clark, J.S. (1930).
832:10.5281/zenodo.26625
820:Victorian Naturalist
811:Clark, J.S. (1929).
778:Clark, J.S. (1928).
771:10.5281/zenodo.26624
759:Victorian Naturalist
750:Clark, J.S. (1928).
739:Victorian Naturalist
730:Clark, J.S. (1928).
723:10.5281/zenodo.26623
711:Victorian Naturalist
702:Clark, J.S. (1927).
695:10.5281/zenodo.26622
674:Clark, J.S. (1926).
667:10.5281/zenodo.26621
655:Victorian Naturalist
646:Clark, J.S. (1925).
635:Victorian Naturalist
626:Clark, J.S. (1925).
606:Clark, J.S. (1924).
586:Clark, J.S. (1924).
564:Clark, J.S. (1951).
457:. Such discovery of
1626:2000PNAS...9714028S
1620:(26): 14028â14029.
1526:1978Sci...201..979T
1479:"A Touch of Nature"
1348:1913Natur..91S.134.
1136:Emery (Formicidae)"
531:Dolichoderus clarki
403:, the Myrmeciinae,
1779:10.1155/1935/17645
1673:The Canberra Times
1416:The Canberra Times
1318:Entomological News
1021:Mayr (Formicidae)"
537:Plagiolepis clarki
515:Polyrhachis clarki
386:
280:
1520:(4360): 979â985.
1483:Narrogin Observer
1365:978-1-84593-542-9
1246:978-0-522-84459-7
543:Stigmacros clarki
521:Leptogenys clarki
220:-born Australian
211:
210:
197:Western Australia
166:Scientific career
1987:
1922:Data related to
1921:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1837:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1799:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1763:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1737:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1709:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1647:
1637:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1581:
1573:"The search for
1568:
1562:
1561:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1449:
1440:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1377:
1356:10.1038/091134c0
1335:
1326:
1325:
1315:
1306:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1222:
1177:
1174:
1158:
1140:
1126:
1124:
1099:
1081:
1071:
1053:
1043:
1025:
1011:
993:
983:
965:
955:
937:
927:
909:
891:
873:
863:
845:
835:
817:
807:
794:
784:
774:
756:
746:
736:
726:
708:
698:
680:
670:
652:
642:
632:
622:
612:
602:
592:
574:
572:
475:Burwood Cemetery
149:
147:
126:
124:
62:
40:
38:
21:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1930:
1929:
1909:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1735:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1707:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1388:
1378:
1366:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1247:
1224:
1223:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1138:
1129:
1102:
1079:
1074:
1051:
1046:
1023:
1014:
991:
986:
963:
958:
935:
930:
907:
894:
882:(11): 116â128.
871:
866:
843:
838:
815:
810:
797:
782:
777:
754:
749:
734:
729:
706:
701:
678:
673:
650:
645:
630:
625:
610:
605:
590:
585:
570:
563:
552:
550:Published works
467:
445:, southeast of
373:
353:Richard Pescott
304:
272:
246:National Museum
202:Museum Victoria
200:
188:
152:
151:
143:
139:
136:
128:
120:
116:
113:
73:
64:
60:
51:
42:
36:
34:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1993:
1991:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:Myrmecologists
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:at Wikispecies
1915:
1908:
1907:External links
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348:Ferntree Gully
317:myrmecophilous
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63:(aged 71)
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1924:John S. Clark
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1718:(2): 487â577.
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1889:"John Clark"
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193:Institutions
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61:(1956-06-01)
18:
1945:1956 deaths
1940:1885 births
1895:20 November
1808:: 137â163.
1699:Polyrhachis
1680:22 November
1423:22 November
1273:20 November
1134:Promyrmecia
1062:: 356â382.
901:, subgenus
854:(1): 2â25.
826:: 115â123.
793:(4): 29â41.
765:: 169â171.
661:: 135â144.
601:(2): 72â89.
503:crustaceans
455:myrmecology
365:Myrmeciinae
357:Mooroolbark
262:, the most
184:Myrmecology
86:Citizenship
78:Nationality
67:Mooroolbark
59:1 June 1956
1934:Categories
1831:Stigmacros
1703:Hagiomyrma
1184:References
1149:: 83â149.
903:Hypoclinea
451:Holy Grail
400:Phyracaces
329:New Guinea
288:Queensland
270:Early life
238:Queensland
232:. Born in
179:Entomology
89:Australian
37:1885-03-21
1392:ignored (
1382:cite book
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1155:0083-5986
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1090:: 71â93.
1034:: 14â88.
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717:: 33â40.
689:: 43â52.
491:Cambridge
395:Dorylinae
296:Geraldton
264:primitive
250:Melbourne
1875:37087568
1846:: 7â64.
1654:11106367
1558:22673165
1550:17743619
1458:: 5â20.
1267:Archived
1263:70677943
1002:: 5â20.
806:: 55â56.
641:: 58â64.
579:Journals
510:holotype
485:and the
443:Poochera
433:syntypes
391:synonyms
371:Research
344:Hawthorn
333:Victoria
254:Victoria
218:Scottish
157:Children
81:Scottish
71:Victoria
49:Scotland
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1542:1746819
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1164:Notes
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1871:OCLC
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1682:2015
1650:PMID
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1491:2016
1425:2015
1394:help
1360:ISBN
1275:2015
1259:OCLC
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31:Born
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