2483:
167:
to recover their passports. In May 1984, Judge
Leonard granted the request and allowed the Coventry Four to travel to South Africa, on condition that they undertook to return to Britain for their trial. Salt was given a 10-month jail sentence and fined £25,000 for his part in the operation, while the
192:
in an effort to stave off growing international pressure for the imposition of economic sanctions against South Africa, where both the U.S. and
Britain had invested heavily. Although not officially on the meeting's agenda, the Coventry Four affair clouded both the proceedings at Chequers and
374:
2292:
440:
128:
The three
British men arrested at the same time were Michael Swann, Derek Salt and Michael Henry Gardiner. Salt had previously been dismissed from another company for manufacturing ammunition
220:
should cooperate. In the event the men did not come back to stand trial and no action was taken against South Africa. The £200,000 bail money was thus forfeited by the South
African embassy.
1070:
2537:
2532:
1859:
2517:
1317:
1021:
2462:
2396:
2469:
1964:
1237:
1028:
433:
2278:
2257:
2118:
1035:
71:
55:
The four South
Africans plus three Britons were charged in the Coventry Magistrates Court on 2 April 1984 with conspiring to export to South Africa high pressure
40:
1880:
1230:
196:
In August 1989, British diplomat
Patrick Haseldine was dismissed for publicly criticising the UK government in the press over the release of the four suspects.
1796:
1712:
1167:
1146:
235:
36:
2527:
2250:
1077:
147:
The
Coventry Four were remanded in custody and their passports confiscated. After several weeks, they were released on bail of £200,000 when André Pelser,
1285:
2487:
1929:
426:
906:
2313:
2174:
2097:
1387:
2455:
2243:
1978:
1310:
788:
726:
2236:
2041:
1789:
1670:
1253:
2083:
115:– a key player in South Africa's missile development program – was arrested at the same time as the Coventry Four. But, according to
2334:
2299:
1817:
1014:
735:
869:
2208:
1775:
303:
204:
In August 1984, when anti-apartheid activists – threatened with arrest in South Africa – took refuge in the
British consulate in
2424:
2215:
2125:
1747:
108:- this would subsequently be imported by Fosse Way Securities in the UK, before being shipped onwards to South Africa via other countries.
2361:
2306:
2222:
2069:
1733:
1296:
963:
933:
846:
2320:
2285:
2229:
1754:
1719:
1408:
857:
208:, Pik Botha decided to retaliate by refusing to allow the Coventry Four to return to Britain to stand trial. Foreign Office minister,
85:
The
Coventry Four were Hendrik Jacobus Botha, Stephanus Johannes de Jager, William Randolph Metelerkamp and Jacobus la Grange. In the
1123:
1116:
322:
97:, Botha was in charge of administration and security, De Jager was the company accountant, while la Grange was the technical expert.
2104:
1971:
1950:
1908:
1450:
132:
for the South
African military, which he concealed as sewing machine equipment. After his dismissal, Salt continued to deal with
2507:
2034:
1873:
1042:
956:
899:
2264:
2027:
1943:
1824:
1810:
1782:
1049:
993:
1202:
323:"Statement Before the Security Council Committee Established by Resolution 421 (1977) Concerning the Question of South Africa"
2013:
1922:
1677:
1436:
370:
140:
casing to Armscor's specifications, and also sub-contracted the manufacture of the high-precision artillery gears seized by
2167:
2153:
2076:
1957:
1915:
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1209:
977:
699:
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1999:
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2146:
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of 17 December 1988, Cloete's arrest was quickly followed by his release without charge on instructions from senior
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1359:
1267:
1223:
1000:
878:
777:
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2020:
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that the South African government was wholly to blame for the men's non-appearance in a British court, and that
2194:
1457:
1109:
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1726:
1593:
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1324:
1056:
839:
112:
74:. The uncovering of their smuggling operation and subsequent arrest followed the discovery of a shipment of
1401:
1366:
568:
141:
133:
28:
1936:
1866:
1761:
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1007:
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1985:
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832:
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90:
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1705:
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1471:
1139:
1063:
984:
708:
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584:
576:
552:
330:
209:
137:
2410:
2132:
2006:
1649:
1563:
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1188:
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892:
818:
664:
624:
259:
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2048:
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86:
418:
1992:
1601:
1422:
1373:
536:
450:
408:
388:
344:
117:
101:
67:
56:
1585:
528:
229:
136:, despite the international arms embargo. His company in Coventry manufactured
17:
2160:
1698:
811:
756:
616:
600:
181:
1619:
1610:
1541:
947:
924:
913:
185:
122:
75:
66:, aircraft parts and other military equipment in violation of the mandatory
63:
2389:
1887:
1532:
656:
513:
217:
189:
105:
35:
in March 1984 and charged with conspiring to export arms from Britain to
32:
797:
1524:
680:
459:
273:
31 March 1984 reporting the arrest and detention of the Coventry Four
205:
156:
104:
was for la Grange to travel to the United States to source military
672:
60:
422:
232:, imprisoned for smuggling artillery technology to South Africa
100:
One of the ways in which they worked around the international
193:
Britain's bilateral diplomatic relations with South Africa.
27:
Four South African alleged arms smugglers were arrested by
2445:
2351:
2184:
1639:
1630:
1488:
1284:
923:
868:
787:
725:
698:
691:
457:
295:
War and Society: The Militarisation of South Africa
159:. Then, following an alleged intervention from the
180:controversially invited South Africa's president
1238:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
2538:United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations
168:UK companies involved paid fines of £193,000.
72:United Nations Security Council Resolution 418
434:
8:
2533:South Africa and the Commonwealth of Nations
348:7 December 1988 - Letters Patrick Haseldine
236:South Africa and weapons of mass destruction
89:(McNay Pty Ltd) they operated on behalf of
1636:
695:
441:
427:
419:
111:A fifth man, professor Johannes Cloete of
397:Shabby manoeuvres that aid and abet Botha
151:at the South African embassy, waived his
1311:Reconstruction and Development Programme
907:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
252:
1388:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
317:
315:
287:
285:
283:
281:
279:
2518:South Africa–United Kingdom relations
176:In June 1984, British prime minister
163:, they applied to a Judge sitting in
7:
292:Jacklyn Cock, Laurie Nathan (1989).
1318:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
964:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
2528:Boycotts of apartheid South Africa
39:in contravention of the mandatory
25:
2470:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
2105:South African Party (Cape Colony)
350:The double standards on terrorism
2482:
2481:
2119:South African Party (1977–1980)
2112:South African Party (1911–1934)
2028:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
1825:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
1437:2019 service delivery protests
1423:#FeesMustFall student protests
1168:1983 constitutional referendum
371:European Court of Human Rights
329:. 9 April 1984. Archived from
1:
1895:Johannesburg Reform Committee
1124:Israel–South Africa Agreement
517:
502:
479:
472:
1550:Black Consciousness Movement
1304:Government of National Unity
1261:Saint James Church massacre
1147:Weapons of mass destruction
43:. They became known as the
41:United Nations arms embargo
2554:
1001:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
879:South West Africa campaign
778:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
743:French Huguenot settlement
2479:
2456:African National Congress
1916:Liberal Party (1953–1968)
1254:1992 apartheid referendum
392:13 December 1988 Letters
327:African National Congress
271:Coventry Evening Standard
260:Text of UNSCR 418 of 1977
1909:Labour Party (1969–1994)
1902:Labour Party (1910–1958)
1458:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
1416:#RhodesMustFall protests
1015:1960 republic referendum
2508:South African criminals
2354:terrorist organisations
1444:2019 Johannesburg riots
1057:Constructive engagement
1022:International isolation
840:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
373: 13 May 1992),
161:prime minister's office
142:HM Customs & Excise
113:Stellenbosch University
29:HM Customs & Excise
1367:Attack on Kennedy Road
978:Congress of the People
569:South African Republic
93:, Metelerkamp was the
37:apartheid South Africa
1937:Natal Indian Congress
1657:Afrikaner Broederbond
1511:Afrikaner nationalism
1297:1994 general election
1268:Bophuthatswana crisis
1161:Church Street bombing
941:Apartheid legislation
934:1948 general election
854:South Africa Act 1909
649:Union of South Africa
469:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
449:Political history of
184:and foreign minister
144:to a German company.
1571:Greater South Africa
1409:2014 platinum strike
1275:Shell House massacre
1203:Transkei coup d'état
1008:Sharpeville massacre
771:Battle of Blaauwberg
764:Battle of Muizenberg
716:Battle of Salt River
499:Mthethwa Paramountcy
298:. New Africa Books.
51:Smuggling activities
2513:History of Coventry
2463:Democratic Alliance
1640:Civic and political
1504:Afrikaner Calvinism
1497:African nationalism
1346:African Renaissance
1036:UNSC Resolution 591
957:Internal resistance
858:National Convention
826:Transvaal Civil War
750:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
633:Orange River Colony
172:Controversial visit
153:diplomatic immunity
78:elevating gears at
1210:Ciskei coup d'état
1029:UN Resolution 1761
994:Women's March 1956
847:South African Wars
833:Mineral Revolution
212:, reported to the
80:Birmingham Airport
2495:
2494:
2448:political parties
2441:
2440:
2418:Orde van die Dood
2035:Progressive Party
1741:Congress Alliance
1557:Cape Independence
1489:Political culture
1484:
1483:
1451:COVID-19 pandemic
1381:Marikana massacre
1217:Venda coup d'état
971:Defiance Campaign
561:Orange Free State
491:Dutch Cape Colony
364:vs United Kingdom
362:Patrick Haseldine
305:978-0-86486-115-3
178:Margaret Thatcher
95:Managing Director
16:(Redirected from
2545:
2523:Arms trafficking
2485:
2484:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2352:Paramilitary and
2344:
2342:Umkosi Wezintaba
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2187:social movements
2185:Trade unions and
2177:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1904:
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1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1706:Boerestaat Party
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1637:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
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1270:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1196:Dakar Conference
1191:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1126:
1119:
1117:Israeli alliance
1112:
1105:
1098:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1071:Sporting boycott
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1043:Academic boycott
1038:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
987:
980:
973:
966:
959:
950:
943:
936:
916:
909:
902:
900:Great Depression
895:
888:
886:Maritz rebellion
881:
861:
849:
842:
835:
828:
821:
814:
807:
800:
780:
773:
766:
759:
752:
745:
738:
736:Dutch settlement
718:
711:
709:Bantu migrations
696:
684:
676:
668:
660:
652:
644:
641:Transvaal Colony
636:
628:
620:
612:
609:Nieuwe Republiek
604:
596:
588:
580:
572:
564:
556:
548:
545:Natalia Republic
540:
532:
524:
522:
519:
514:Ndwandwe Kingdom
509:
507:
504:
494:
486:
484:
481:
477:
474:
443:
436:
429:
420:
413:
412:17 December 1988
405:
399:
394:Geoffrey Bindman
385:
379:
367:
358:
352:
341:
335:
334:
333:on 14 July 2007.
319:
310:
309:
289:
274:
268:
262:
257:
214:House of Commons
188:to a meeting at
21:
2553:
2552:
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2496:
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2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1853:HNP (Herstigte)
1851:
1846:HNP (Herenigde)
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1664:Afrikaner Party
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1632:
1626:
1617:
1608:
1599:
1592:
1583:
1578:Honorary whites
1576:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1480:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1339:Soweto bombings
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1140:Soweto Uprising
1138:
1131:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1064:Tar Baby Option
1062:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1006:
999:
992:
985:Freedom Charter
983:
976:
969:
962:
955:
946:
939:
932:
919:
912:
905:
898:
891:
884:
877:
864:
852:
845:
838:
831:
824:
817:
810:
803:
796:
783:
776:
769:
762:
755:
748:
741:
734:
721:
714:
707:
687:
679:
671:
663:
655:
647:
639:
631:
623:
615:
607:
599:
591:
585:Griqualand West
583:
577:Griqualand East
575:
567:
559:
551:
543:
535:
527:
520:
512:
505:
497:
489:
482:
475:
467:
453:
447:
417:
416:
406:
402:
386:
382:
360:
359:
355:
342:
338:
321:
320:
313:
306:
291:
290:
277:
269:
265:
258:
254:
249:
226:
210:Malcolm Rifkind
202:
174:
53:
23:
22:
18:Johannes Cloete
15:
12:
11:
5:
2551:
2549:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2500:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2451:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2411:Ossewabrandwag
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2357:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2190:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2154:Unionist Party
2150:
2143:
2136:
2133:Torch Commando
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2007:Orde Boerevolk
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1783:DP (1989–2000)
1779:
1776:DP (1973–1977)
1772:
1769:Dominion Party
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1650:Afrikaner Bond
1645:
1643:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1590:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1564:Day of the Vow
1560:
1553:
1546:
1537:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1332:Floor crossing
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1292:
1290:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1247:Bisho massacre
1243:
1242:
1241:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1189:Operation Vula
1185:
1182:Rubicon speech
1178:
1175:Langa massacre
1171:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1018:
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1004:
997:
990:
989:
988:
974:
967:
960:
953:
952:
951:
937:
929:
927:
921:
920:
918:
917:
910:
903:
896:
893:Rand Rebellion
889:
882:
874:
872:
866:
865:
863:
862:
850:
843:
836:
829:
822:
819:Boer Republics
815:
808:
801:
793:
791:
785:
784:
782:
781:
774:
767:
760:
753:
746:
739:
731:
729:
723:
722:
720:
719:
712:
704:
702:
693:
689:
688:
686:
685:
677:
669:
665:Bophuthatswana
661:
653:
645:
637:
629:
625:Klein Vrystaat
621:
613:
605:
597:
589:
581:
573:
565:
557:
549:
541:
533:
525:
510:
495:
487:
464:
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455:
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448:
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438:
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415:
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380:
353:
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275:
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251:
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244:
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173:
170:
52:
49:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2550:
2539:
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2526:
2524:
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2503:
2490:
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2329:
2328:Die Spoorbund
2325:
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2318:
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2301:
2297:
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2210:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2183:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2168:Workers Party
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2099:
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2092:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2049:Radio Freedom
2046:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
2000:Oranjewerkers
1997:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1917:
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1906:
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1696:
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1679:
1675:
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1665:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:organisations
1638:
1635:
1633:organisations
1629:
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1613:
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1607:
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1438:
1434:
1431:
1430:Tshwane riots
1427:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1389:
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1371:
1368:
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1361:
1357:
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1326:
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1239:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1225:
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1218:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1154:Project Coast
1151:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1133:Mafeje affair
1130:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1103:Durban Moment
1100:
1097:
1096:Rivonia Trial
1093:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1050:Disinvestment
1047:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1002:
998:
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991:
986:
982:
981:
979:
975:
972:
968:
965:
961:
958:
954:
949:
945:
944:
942:
938:
935:
931:
930:
928:
926:
922:
915:
911:
908:
904:
901:
897:
894:
890:
887:
883:
880:
876:
875:
873:
871:
867:
859:
855:
851:
848:
844:
841:
837:
834:
830:
827:
823:
820:
816:
813:
809:
806:
805:1820 Settlers
802:
799:
795:
794:
792:
790:
786:
779:
775:
772:
768:
765:
761:
758:
754:
751:
747:
744:
740:
737:
733:
732:
730:
728:
724:
717:
713:
710:
706:
705:
703:
701:
697:
694:
690:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
515:
511:
500:
496:
492:
488:
470:
466:
465:
463:
461:
456:
452:
444:
439:
437:
432:
430:
425:
424:
421:
411:
410:
404:
401:
398:
395:
391:
390:
384:
381:
378:
376:
372:
366:
363:
357:
354:
351:
347:
346:
340:
337:
332:
328:
324:
318:
316:
312:
307:
301:
297:
296:
288:
286:
284:
282:
280:
276:
272:
267:
264:
261:
256:
253:
246:
242:
241:Vela incident
239:
237:
234:
231:
228:
227:
223:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
199:
197:
194:
191:
187:
183:
179:
171:
169:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
149:1st Secretary
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
124:
120:
119:
114:
109:
107:
103:
98:
96:
92:
88:
87:front company
83:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
57:gas cylinders
50:
48:
46:
45:Coventry Four
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
2486:
2446:Histories of
2147:United Party
2056:Reform Party
1993:Orangia Unie
1618:
1609:
1602:Swart gevaar
1600:
1584:
1540:
1531:
1472:
1374:Blikkiesdorp
700:Pre-colonial
553:Natal Colony
537:Zulu Kingdom
451:South Africa
409:The Guardian
407:
403:
396:
389:The Guardian
387:
383:
368:
365:
361:
356:
349:
345:The Guardian
343:
339:
331:the original
294:
270:
266:
255:
203:
200:Quid pro quo
195:
175:
146:
127:
118:The Guardian
116:
110:
102:arms embargo
99:
84:
68:arms embargo
54:
44:
31:officers in
26:
1586:Rooi gevaar
1465:2021 unrest
1395:Nkandlagate
1224:Third Force
1085:Rugby union
683:(1981–1994)
675:(1979–1994)
667:(1977–1994)
659:(1976–1994)
651:(1910–1961)
643:(1902–1910)
635:(1902–1910)
627:(1886–1891)
619:(1885–1887)
611:(1884–1888)
603:(1882–1885)
595:(1882–1883)
587:(1870–1873)
579:(1861–1879)
571:(1856–1902)
563:(1854–1902)
555:(1843–1910)
547:(1839–1843)
539:(1816–1897)
531:(1795–1910)
529:Cape Colony
521: 1780
506: 1780
493:(1652–1806)
483: 1220
476: 1075
230:Gerald Bull
125:officials.
70:imposed by
2502:Categories
2397:Greyshirts
2161:Volksparty
1699:Black Sash
1360:Xenophobia
1353:Travelgate
1110:Border War
914:Bantustans
812:Great Trek
757:Xhosa Wars
617:Upingtonia
601:Stellaland
247:References
182:P.W. Botha
155:and stood
64:magnetrons
1620:Volkstaat
1611:Uitlander
1542:Boerehaat
1518:Anarchism
1325:Arms Deal
1288:apartheid
948:Pass laws
925:Apartheid
870:1910–1948
789:1815–1910
727:1652–1815
186:Pik Botha
123:Whitehall
82:in 1984.
76:artillery
2488:Category
2390:Boeremag
1888:Jeugkrag
1839:Het Volk
1533:Baasskap
1475:incident
1078:Olympics
657:Transkei
460:polities
458:Defunct
224:See also
218:Pretoria
190:Chequers
165:Chambers
106:materiel
33:Coventry
2293:SAAPAWU
1631:Defunct
1594:Slavery
798:Mfecane
134:Armscor
91:Kentron
2244:FOSATU
2098:SAYRCO
2070:SADECO
1986:Occupy
1525:Azania
1473:Lady R
1402:Racism
1231:CODESA
692:Events
681:Ciskei
593:Goshen
523:–1819)
508:–1817)
369: (
302:
206:Durban
157:surety
138:mortar
2425:PAGAD
2321:SATUC
2314:SARHU
2300:SACTU
2279:NURHS
2237:FNETU
2223:CTSWU
2216:CNETU
2209:BLATU
2091:SAYCO
1979:NUSAS
1860:IDASA
1671:AITUP
1286:Post-
673:Venda
61:radar
2432:SANF
2362:APLA
2307:SAIF
2286:PAWE
2272:NEUM
2265:MUSA
2230:FCWU
2175:WOSA
2126:TNIP
2084:SASO
2077:SAIC
2063:SABP
2014:PAVN
1748:COSG
1727:CTEG
1720:CNIP
375:Text
300:ISBN
130:dies
2383:BBB
2376:AWB
2369:ARM
2335:UDF
2258:IWW
2251:ICU
2202:BCM
2195:APF
2140:UFP
2042:PRP
2021:PFP
1972:NRP
1965:NPP
1951:NNP
1944:NLP
1930:NCP
1881:ISL
1832:GNP
1804:ECC
1797:DSM
1790:DPP
1762:DLF
1734:COD
1713:CDA
1692:BPC
1685:AVF
1678:APO
2504::
2404:MK
1958:NP
1923:NA
1874:IP
1867:ID
1818:FD
1811:FA
1755:CP
518:c.
503:c.
480:c.
473:c.
325:.
314:^
278:^
59:,
47:.
860:)
856:(
516:(
501:(
485:)
478:–
471:(
442:e
435:t
428:v
377:.
308:.
20:)
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