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much different. A business service bond allows the bonded entity's client to claim on the surety bond when the client's property has been stolen by the bonded entity. However, the claim is only valid if the bonded entity's employee is convicted of the crime in a court of law. Additionally, if the surety company pays a claim on the bond, they would seek to be reimbursed by the bonded entity for all costs and expenses incurred as a result of the claim. This differs from a traditional fidelity bond where the insured (bonded entity) would be responsible for paying the deductible only in the case of covered claim up to the policy limit.
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bond with conditional defeasance, printed the bond (the obligation to pay) on the front of the document and the condition which would nullify that promise to pay (referred to as the indenture of defeasance—essentially, the contractual obligation) on the back of the document. The penal bond, although an artifact of historical interest, fell out of use by the early part of the nineteenth century in the United States.
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could attempt to collect the debt from either party independently of the other. The guarantor's liability was ancillary and derivative: the creditor first had to attempt to collect the debt from the debtor before looking to the guarantor for payment. Many jurisdictions have abolished that distinction, in effect putting all guarantors in the position of the surety.
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SFAA is a licensed rating or advisory organization in all states and is designated by state insurance departments as a statistical agent for the reporting of fidelity and surety experience. The SFAA is a trade association consisting of companies that collectively write the majority of surety and fidelity bonds in the United States. Then in 1935 the
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On
January 23, 2017, another group of twelve state agencies were added to allow ESB capability for certain license types. This group included agencies in Alaska, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Rhode Island, and South Dakota. Minor
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Business service bonds are surety bonds which seek to safeguard a bonded entity's clients from theft. These bonds are common for home health care, janitorial service, and other companies who routinely enter their homes or businesses. While these bonds are often confused with fidelity bonds, they are
339:
Traditionally, a distinction was made between a suretyship arrangement and that of a guaranty. In both cases, the lender gained the ability to collect from another person in the event of a default by the principal. However, the surety's liability was joint and primary with the principal: the creditor
287:
are responsible for regulating corporate surety activities within their jurisdictions. The commissioners also license and regulate brokers or agents who sell the bonds. These are known as producers; the
National Association of Surety Bond Producers (NASBP) is a trade association which represents this
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Prices are as a percentage of the penal sum (the maximum that the surety is liable for) ranging from around 1% to 5%, with the most credit-worthy contracts paying the least. The bond typically includes an indemnity agreement whereby the principal contractor or others agree to indemnify the surety if
240:
In 1908 the Surety
Association of America, now the Surety & Fidelity Association of America (SFAA), was formed to regulate the industry, promote public understanding of and confidence in the surety industry, and to provide a forum for the discussion of problems of common interest to its members.
141:
The principal will pay a premium (usually annually) in exchange for the bonding company's financial strength to extend surety credit. In the event of a claim, the surety will investigate it. If it turns out to be a valid claim, the surety will pay and then turn to the principal for reimbursement of
632:
is another type of the bond that was historically used to assure the performance of a contract. They are to be distinguished from surety bonds in that they did not require any party to act as surety—having an obligee and obligor sufficed. One historically significant type of penal bond, the penal
279:
The SFAA published preliminary US and
Canadian H1 surety results for the 2022 calendar year. Direct written premium totaled $ 8.6 billion and a direct loss ratio of 14.5%, highlighting strong profitability in the surety industry. The industry remains highly fragmented with over 100 companies
137:
Through a surety bond, the surety agrees to uphold—for the benefit of the obligee—the contractual promises (obligations) made by the principal if the principal fails to uphold its promises to the obligee. The contract is formed so as to induce the obligee to contract with the principal, i.e., to
650:
The NMLS ESB initiative began on
January 25, 2016, when surety bond companies and providers were able to begin the account creation process. The second phase began on September 12, 2016, when an initial group of nine state regulatory agencies began accepting ESBs for certain license types. This
641:
In certain situations, an electronic surety bond (ESB) can be used in lieu of a traditional paper surety bond. In 2016, the
Nationwide Multistate Licensing System and Registry (NMLS) initiated a system for the issuance, tracking, and maintenance of ESBs in support of some licenses being managed
412:
Losses arise when contractors do not complete their contracts, which often arises when the contractor goes out of business. Contractors often go out of business; for example, a study by BizMiner found that of 853,372 contracts in the United States in 2002, 28.5% had exited business by 2004. The
589:
bonds guarantee the honesty and faithful performance of those people who are elected or appointed to positions of public trust. Examples of officials sometimes requiring bonds include: notaries public, treasurers, commissioners, judges, town clerks, law enforcement officers, and credit union
522:
Court bonds are those bonds prescribed by statute and relate to the courts. They are further broken down into judicial bonds and fiduciary bonds. Judicial bonds arise out of litigation and are posted by parties seeking court remedies or defending against legal actions seeking court remedies.
133:
in French, if issued by a surety company they are called surety / bonds. They pay out cash to the limit of guaranty in the event of the default of the
Principal to uphold his obligations to the Obligee, without reference by the Obligee to the Principal and against the Obligee's sole verified
91:) fails to meet some obligation, such as fulfilling the terms of a contract. The surety bond protects the obligee against losses resulting from the principal's failure to meet the obligation. The person or company providing the promise is also known as a "surety" or as a "guarantor".
331:, allowing the surety to "step into the shoes of" the principal and use the surety's contractual rights to recover the cost of making payment or performing on the principal's behalf, even in the absence of an express agreement to that effect between the surety and the principal.
408:
provided by the
American Institute of Architects (AIA) and the Associated General Contractors of America (AGC) make bonding optional. If the parties agree to require bonding, additional forms such as the performance bond contract AIA Document 311 provide common terms.
655:
upgrades were also completed early in 2017. The types of licenses transitioning to ESBs and the implementation timelines vary by licensing agency. The NMLS plans to roll out additional state agencies and update the system with added functionality over time.
462:
Contractor's license bonds, which assure that a contractor (such as a plumber, electrician, or general contractor) complies with laws relating to his field. In the United States, bonding requirements may be at federal, state, or local
598:
Miscellaneous bonds are those that do not fit well under the other commercial surety bond classifications. They often support private relationships and unique business needs. Examples of significant miscellaneous bonds include: lost
192:
and in
Babylon, Persia, Assyria, Rome, Carthage, among the ancient Hebrews, and (later) in England. The Code of Hammurabi, written around 1790 BC, provides the earliest surviving known mention of suretyship in a written legal code.
168:. This is a specified amount of money which is the maximum amount that the surety will be required to pay in the event of the principal's default. This allows the surety to assess the risk involved in giving the bond; the
395:(guaranty that a contractor will provide facility repair and upkeep for a specified period of time). There are also miscellaneous contract bonds that do not fall within the categories above, the most common of which are
187:
Individual surety bonds represent the original form of suretyship. The earliest known record of a contract of suretyship is a
Mesopotamian tablet written around 2750 BC. Evidence of individual surety bonds exists in the
429:
Commercial bonds represent the broad range of bond types that do not fit the classification of contract. They are generally divided into four sub-types: license and permit, court, public official, and miscellaneous.
403:
and state projects under "little Miller Acts". In federal government, the contract language is determined by the government. In private contracts the parties may freely contract the language and requirements.
442:
or permit to engage in certain business activities. These bonds function as a guaranty from a Surety to a government and its constituents (obligee) that a company (principal) will comply with an underlying
311:
for contractors on certain federal construction projects; in addition, many states have adopted their own "Little Miller Acts". The surety transaction will typically involve a producer; the
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and courts that exercise equitable jurisdiction; they guaranty that persons whom such courts have entrusted with the care of others' property will perform their specified duties faithfully.
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513:
Health spa bonds, which assure that a health spa will comply with local laws relating to their field, as well as refund dues for any prepaid services in the event the spa closes.
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is in question or when there is some public or private interest that requires protection from the consequences of the principal's default or delinquency. In most
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364:, a United States trade association, provides some information for their members on these bonds. Contract bonds are not the same thing as contractor's
361:
360:, are a guaranty from a surety to a project's owner (obligee) that a general contractor (principal) will adhere to the provisions of a contract. The
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1199:
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was passed, replacing the Heard Act. The Miller Act is the current federal law mandating the use of surety bonds on federally funded projects.
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European surety bonds can be issued by banks and surety companies. If issued by banks they are called "Bank Guaranties" in English and
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If the surety is required to pay or perform due to the principal's failure to do so, the law will usually give the surety a right of
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271:(or its equivalent local laws) and is unenforceable unless it is recorded in writing and signed by the surety and by the principal.
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Biancalana, Joseph, "The Development of the Penal Bond with Conditional Defeasance", 26 J. Legal His. 103 (2005), available at
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initial rollout included agencies in Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Massachusetts, Texas, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
200:, for example, was a system of joint suretyship prevalent in Medieval England which did not rely upon the execution of bonds.
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2002:
1636:
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Customs bonds, including importer entry bonds, which assure compliance with all relevant laws, as well as payment of import
1355:
1240:
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License and permit bonds are required by certain federal, state, or municipal governments as prerequisites to receiving a
418:
873:
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through the NMLS. This new online system speeds bond issuance and decreases paperwork, among other potential benefits.
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demonstrate the credibility of the principal and guarantee performance and completion per the terms of the agreement.
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average failure rate of contractors in the United States from 1989 to 2002 was 14% versus 12% for other industries.
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In 1865, the Fidelity Insurance Company became the first US corporate surety company, but the venture soon failed.
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739:
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2010:
1992:
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917:"Top 100 Writers of Surety Bonds 2022 (Preliminary) - The Surety & Fidelity Association of America (SFAA)"
203:
The first corporate surety, the Guarantee Society of London (whose insurance business ultimately merged into
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to "step into the shoes of" the principal and recover damages to make up for the payment to the principal.
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directly writing surety bonds with new market entrants entering or reentering on a fairly common basis.
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Tax bonds, which assure that a business owner will comply with laws relating to the remittance of
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for people accused of crimes in exchange for a fee, is all but unknown in the rest of the world".
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bonds, hazardous waste removal bonds, credit enhancement financial guaranty bonds, self–insured
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1980:
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975:
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As of 2009 annual US surety bond premiums amounted to approximately $ 3.5 billion. State
268:
189:
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Surety bonds also occur in other situations, for example, to secure the proper performance of
158:
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the amount paid on the claim and any legal fees incurred. In some cases, the principal has a
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1985:
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A surety most typically requires a guarantor when the ability of the primary obligor, or
157:, the purpose of the bond is rendered nugatory. Thus, the surety on a bond is usually an
814:
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passed the Heard Act, which required surety bonds on all federally funded projects. The
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and supply bonds. Bonds are typically required for federal government projects by the
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against another party for the principal's loss, and the surety will have a right of
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may guaranty surety bonds; in 2013 the eligible contract tripled to $ 6.5 million.
380:
349:
226:
169:
1298:
Curtis Nyquist, A Contract Tale from the Crypt, 30 Hous. L. Rev. 1205, 1233 (1993)
379:(guaranty that a contractor will perform the work as specified by the contract);
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2020:
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whose solvency is verified by private audit, governmental regulation, or both.
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3120:
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2015:
1936:
1931:
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1601:
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1535:
1472:
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719:
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1963:
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375:(guaranty that a contractor will enter into a contract if awarded the bid);
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2167:
2052:
1849:
1393:
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551:
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100:
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Suretyship was not always accomplished through the execution of a bond.
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2245:
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1975:
1791:
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1701:
1256:
The Most Important Questions a Surety Can Ask about Miscellaneous Bonds
674:
575:
528:
444:
439:
20:
2469:
2322:
2067:
1958:
1953:
1899:
1570:
1241:"A Cap on the Defendant's Appeal Bond?: Punitive Damages Tort Reform"
1132:
892:
539:
490:
Broker's bonds, including insurance, mortgage, and title agency bonds
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1081:
1287:
259:, to perform its obligations to the obligee (counterparty) under a
3445:
2410:
2354:
2260:
2101:
1904:
1403:
943:. The Surety & Fidelity Association of America. Archived from
493:
204:
125:: who assures the obligee that the principal can perform the task
63:
involves a promise by one party to assume responsibility for the
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2292:
2240:
2096:
1494:
1410:
383:(guaranty that a contractor will pay for services, particularly
292:
64:
2567:
1337:
1082:"Bond Claim Filing for State, County and Municipal Lien Claims"
118:: the primary party who will perform the contractual obligation
67:
obligation of a borrower if that borrower defaults. Usually, a
1364:
1050:"Problems of Private Claimants Under Miller Act Payment Bonds"
1048:
Gantt, Paul H.; Wallick, Robert D.; Proctor, James M. (1968).
471:
38:
2563:
1127:
1125:
1123:
387:
and materials and particularly for federal projects where a
335:
Distinction between a suretyship arrangement and a guaranty
179:
duties by persons in positions of private or public trust.
47:
267:
jurisdictions, a contract of suretyship is subject to the
35:
153:
If the principal defaults and the surety turns out to be
41:
882:, p. 120, published 9 January 1952, accessed 26 May 2024
874:
The Assignment of Claims Act of 1940: Assignee v. Surety
1200:"Surety bonds help businesses grow on contract success"
233:
by the US government had priority over the claim of an
1333:
607:
guaranty bonds, and wage and welfare/fringe benefit (
786:"Right Of Surety To Subrogation Against Third Party"
44:
3395:
3320:
3104:
2933:
2875:
2804:
2723:
2675:
2610:
2601:
2488:
2378:
2201:
2110:
2001:
1880:
1782:
1503:
1371:
967:"Illegal Globally, Bail for Profit Remains in U.S."
32:
16:
Promise to assume responsibility for defaulted debt
111:: the party who is the recipient of an obligation
1224:Contractor's State License Bonds: Desk Reference
1150:"The Importance of Surety Bonds in Construction"
1259:. Chicago, Illinois: American Bar Association.
1243:. Washington & Lee University School of Law
496:(Employee Retirement Income Security Act) bonds
368:, which may be required as part of a license.
164:A key term in nearly every surety bond is the
2579:
1349:
365:
313:National Association of Surety Bond Producers
8:
229:claim by a surety to percentages of payment
1000:"Q&A: The Legal Basics of Surety Bonds"
417:there is a loss. In the United States, the
291:In 2008, the New York Times wrote "posting
2607:
2586:
2572:
2564:
1356:
1342:
1334:
1133:Construction Surety Bonds In Plain English
765:"Q&A The Legal Basics of Surety Bonds"
87:) a certain amount if a second party (the
362:Associated General Contractors of America
2501:History of the American legal profession
1131:Dan Donohue and George Thomas. (1996).
836:. American Bar Association. p. 27.
756:
1313:mortgage.nationwidelicensingsystem.org
1177:
1175:
566:. Examples of fiduciary bonds include
7:
348:Contract bonds, used heavily in the
1148:Surety Information Office. (2009).
538:Examples of judicial bonds include
172:charged is determined accordingly.
2625:Accidental death and dismemberment
487:and environmental protection bonds
223:Prairie State Bank v United States
14:
1485:Restitution and unjust enrichment
832:Gallagher, Edward Graham (2000).
2751:Directors and officers liability
2532:
2531:
2517:
1288:https://ssrn.com/abstract=918531
879:University of Chicago Law Review
319:that represents such producers.
134:statement of claim to the bank.
28:
2496:History of the legal profession
1108:. Texas Department of Insurance
1181:Donohue D., Thomas G. (1996).
371:Included in this category are
103:among at least three parties:
99:A surety bond is defined as a
1:
1309:"NMLS Electronic Surety Bond"
1253:O'Neal-Coble, Leslie (1994).
1055:William & Mary Law Review
965:Liptak, Adam (Jan 29, 2008).
790:Washington and Lee Law Review
419:Small Business Administration
249:Reason for having a guarantor
3518:Savings and loan association
2951:Insurance-linked securities
1230:. American Bar Association.
1205:The Herald Business Journal
1167:Construction Business Owner
848:"The Guarantee Society Ltd"
458:Specific examples include:
3601:
2640:Total permanent disability
2163:International legal theory
1642:International slavery laws
1637:International human rights
1632:International criminal law
499:Motor vehicle dealer bonds
451:, municipal ordinance, or
3543:
3380:Health insurance coverage
2645:Business overhead expense
2511:
2216:Administration of justice
1163:"Why Do Contractors Fail"
740:Submittals (construction)
2781:Protection and indemnity
1993:Basic structure doctrine
1843:Natural and legal rights
1724:Public international law
1022:. Zurich. Archived from
767:. Cross Insurance Agency
434:License and permit bonds
3238:Explanation of benefits
2710:Variable universal life
2173:Principle of typicality
1647:International trade law
1183:"How Surety Bonds Work"
1017:"Contract Surety Bonds"
850:. Aviva. Archived from
637:Electronic surety bonds
425:Commercial surety bonds
406:Standard form contracts
391:is not available); and
285:insurance commissioners
3375:Health insurance costs
2776:Professional liability
1004:Construction Executive
615:Business service bonds
275:United States industry
83:to pay one party (the
3231:Out-of-pocket expense
3092:Workers' compensation
2746:Collateral protection
2736:Business interruption
2168:Principle of legality
1927:Delegated legislation
1627:Intellectual property
1239:Rendleman D. (2006).
834:The Law of Suretyship
715:Negotiable Instrument
582:Public official bonds
531:, bonds are filed in
344:Contract surety bonds
3454:Corpus Juris Civilis
2386:Barristers' chambers
2328:Legal representation
2266:Justice of the peace
1612:Financial regulation
1161:McIntyre M. (2007).
998:Schubert L. (2003).
941:"About the Industry"
872:Law Review Editors,
796:(1): 112. March 1960
605:workers compensation
503:Freight broker bonds
323:Right of subrogation
207:), dates from 1840.
3513:Rochdale Principles
3508:Mutual savings bank
3503:Mutual organization
3488:Cooperative banking
3405:Mesopotamian banker
2685:Longevity insurance
2421:Election commission
2133:Expressive function
1662:Landlord–tenant law
1561:Consumer protection
594:Miscellaneous bonds
354:general contractors
3265:Insurable interest
2766:Payment protection
2667:Payment protection
2379:Legal institutions
2246:Lawsuit/Litigation
2236:Dispute resolution
2041:Catholic canon law
1749:State of emergency
1712:Will and testament
1436:Law of obligations
1389:Constitutional law
1379:Administrative law
971:The New York Times
730:Personal guarantee
75:is a promise by a
3583:Legal terminology
3565:
3564:
3410:Code of Hammurabi
3385:Vehicle insurance
3280:Replacement value
3172:Actual cash value
3136:Adverse selection
3126:Actuarial science
3100:
3099:
3032:Kidnap and ransom
3005:Extended warranty
2652:Income protection
2561:
2560:
2221:Constitutionalism
2143:Law and economics
1981:Act of parliament
1719:Product liability
1672:Legal archaeology
1597:Environmental law
1591:Entertainment law
1431:International law
1029:on April 25, 2012
854:on April 19, 2016
544:supersedeas bonds
508:Money transmitter
393:maintenance bonds
377:performance bonds
317:trade association
269:Statute of Frauds
221:held in 1896, in
190:Code of Hammurabi
159:insurance company
3590:
3523:Social insurance
3478:Friendly society
3370:Health insurance
3198:Short rate table
2946:Catastrophe bond
2847:Lenders mortgage
2608:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2565:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2522:
2521:
2345:Question of fact
2226:Criminal justice
1556:Construction law
1551:Conflict of laws
1516:Agricultural law
1358:
1351:
1344:
1335:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1250:
1244:
1237:
1231:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1208:. Archived from
1196:
1190:
1179:
1170:
1159:
1153:
1146:
1140:
1129:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1106:"Bond Resources"
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1028:
1021:
1013:
1007:
996:
990:
989:
987:
986:
962:
956:
955:
953:
952:
937:
931:
930:
928:
927:
921:
913:
907:
906:
904:
903:
889:
883:
870:
864:
863:
861:
859:
844:
838:
837:
829:
823:
822:
811:
805:
804:
802:
801:
782:
776:
775:
773:
772:
761:
725:Performance bond
670:Demand guarantee
358:construction law
219:US Supreme Court
54:
53:
50:
49:
46:
43:
40:
37:
34:
3600:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3539:
3535:Insurance cycle
3498:Fraternal order
3391:
3322:
3316:
3275:Proximate cause
3270:Insurance fraud
3250:General average
3209:Claims adjuster
3151:Risk management
3146:Risk assessment
3110:
3107:
3096:
3062:Prize indemnity
2929:
2877:
2871:
2800:
2761:Over-redemption
2719:
2671:
2662:National health
2603:
2597:
2592:
2562:
2557:
2530:
2516:
2507:
2484:
2475:Political party
2448:Legal education
2436:Law enforcement
2416:Court of equity
2374:
2350:Question of law
2303:Practice of law
2283:Judicial review
2197:
2148:Legal formalism
2128:Comparative law
2123:Contract theory
2106:
2026:Legal pluralism
1997:
1986:Act of Congress
1910:Executive order
1876:
1778:
1697:Nationality law
1622:Immigration law
1546:Competition law
1499:
1367:
1362:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1317:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1234:
1221:
1217:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1180:
1173:
1160:
1156:
1147:
1143:
1137:Webcite archive
1130:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1090:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1010:
997:
993:
984:
982:
964:
963:
959:
950:
948:
939:
938:
934:
925:
923:
919:
915:
914:
910:
901:
899:
891:
890:
886:
871:
867:
857:
855:
846:
845:
841:
831:
830:
826:
819:Merriam-Webster
813:
812:
808:
799:
797:
784:
783:
779:
770:
768:
763:
762:
758:
753:
661:
648:
639:
626:
617:
596:
587:Public official
584:
560:mechanic's lien
520:
481:or other taxes.
436:
427:
389:mechanic's lien
346:
337:
325:
301:
277:
251:
185:
144:cause of action
97:
31:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3570:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3556:List of topics
3552:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3441:Burial society
3431:
3430:
3429:
3423:§235–238; §240
3415:§100–105; §126
3407:
3401:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3365:Climate change
3357:
3355:United Kingdom
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3302:
3300:Underinsurance
3297:
3292:
3290:Self-insurance
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3240:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3123:
3117:
3115:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3057:Political risk
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3037:Legal expenses
3034:
3029:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2881:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2817:Builder's risk
2814:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2741:Business owner
2738:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2705:Universal life
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2657:Long-term care
2654:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2568:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2527:
2524:Law portal
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2360:Trial advocacy
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1897:
1892:
1890:Ballot measure
1886:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1867:Legal treatise
1864:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1835:
1833:Letters patent
1830:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1784:Sources of law
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1769:Unenforced law
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1541:Commercial law
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1338:
1331:
1330:External links
1328:
1325:
1324:
1300:
1291:
1279:
1265:
1245:
1232:
1215:
1212:on 2013-12-30.
1191:
1185:. Archived at
1171:
1154:
1141:
1119:
1097:
1073:
1040:
1008:
991:
957:
932:
908:
897:suretyinfo.org
893:"Introduction"
884:
865:
839:
824:
806:
777:
755:
754:
752:
749:
748:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
710:Loan guarantee
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
660:
657:
647:
644:
638:
635:
625:
622:
616:
613:
595:
592:
583:
580:
533:probate courts
519:
516:
515:
514:
511:
505:
500:
497:
491:
488:
482:
475:
464:
435:
432:
426:
423:
385:subcontractors
345:
342:
336:
333:
324:
321:
307:may require a
300:
297:
276:
273:
250:
247:
184:
181:
127:
126:
119:
112:
96:
93:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3596:
3595:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3360:United States
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3319:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3244:Force majeure
3241:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3165:Value of life
3163:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3109:
3103:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3027:Interest rate
3025:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:Inland marine
2893:
2891:
2890:GAP insurance
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:Communication
2874:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2700:Unitised fund
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:Mortgage life
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2584:
2582:
2577:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:Civil society
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2365:Trier of fact
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2251:Legal opinion
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2231:Court-martial
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2203:Jurisprudence
2200:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2092:Statutory law
2090:
2088:
2087:Socialist law
2085:
2081:
2080:Byzantine law
2078:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2031:Religious law
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2003:Legal systems
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1971:Statutory law
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1607:Financial law
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1372:Core subjects
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947:on 2009-04-26
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815:"frankpledge"
810:
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680:Fidelity bond
678:
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568:administrator
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381:payment bonds
378:
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369:
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366:license bonds
363:
359:
356:as a part of
355:
351:
343:
341:
334:
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322:
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315:(NASBP) is a
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58:
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26:
22:
3554:
3547:
3493:Credit union
3459:
3452:
3433:
3305:Underwriting
3260:Insurability
3242:
3221:Co-insurance
3191:
3187:Cancellation
2978:Catastrophic
2963:Climate risk
2791:Trade credit
2785:
2550:
2543:
2529:
2515:
2288:Jurisdiction
2256:Legal remedy
2211:Adjudication
2111:Legal theory
1949:Ratification
1944:Promulgation
1915:Proclamation
1895:Codification
1828:Human rights
1816:Divine right
1806:Constitution
1774:Women in law
1692:Military law
1687:Marriage law
1682:Maritime law
1581:Election law
1521:Aviation law
1511:Abortion law
1463:Property law
1399:Criminal law
1316:. Retrieved
1312:
1303:
1294:
1282:
1270:. Retrieved
1255:
1248:
1235:
1223:
1218:
1210:the original
1203:
1202:. SBA News.
1194:
1166:
1157:
1144:
1110:. Retrieved
1100:
1089:. Retrieved
1085:
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1053:
1043:
1031:. Retrieved
1024:the original
1011:
1003:
994:
983:. Retrieved
969:
960:
949:. Retrieved
945:the original
935:
924:. Retrieved
922:. Surety.org
911:
900:. Retrieved
896:
887:
877:
868:
856:. Retrieved
852:the original
842:
833:
827:
818:
809:
798:. Retrieved
793:
789:
780:
769:. Retrieved
759:
735:Shop drawing
653:
649:
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627:
618:
597:
590:volunteers.
585:
537:
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437:
428:
415:
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370:
352:industry by
350:construction
347:
338:
326:
302:
290:
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278:
254:
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239:
222:
213:In 1894 the
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128:
122:
115:
108:
98:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
60:
56:
24:
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3528:Trade union
3483:Cooperative
3156:Uncertainty
3015:Index-based
2983:Multi-peril
2941:Reinsurance
2900:Public auto
2805:Residential
2460:Legislature
2391:Bureaucracy
2188:Rule of man
2183:Rule of law
2158:Libertarian
2021:Chinese law
1922:Legislation
1872:Regulations
1860:Law reports
1838:Natural law
1734:Reparations
1729:Refugee law
1652:Jurimetrics
1593:(Media law)
1531:Banking law
1526:Amnesty law
1504:Disciplines
1441:Private law
705:Lien waiver
624:Penal bonds
609:trade union
562:bonds, and
518:Court bonds
485:Reclamation
397:subdivision
329:subrogation
309:surety bond
215:US Congress
198:Frankpledge
148:subrogation
69:surety bond
57:surety bond
3572:Categories
3323:by country
3321:Insurance
3295:Total loss
3216:Deductible
3177:Cash value
3121:Act of God
3106:Insurance
3020:Parametric
3000:Expatriate
2876:Transport/
2842:Landlords'
2827:Earthquake
2715:Whole life
2635:Disability
2453:Law school
2333:Prosecutor
2271:Magistrate
2058:Jewish law
2016:Common law
1937:Rulemaking
1932:Regulation
1882:Law making
1821:Divine law
1797:Legal code
1744:Sports law
1667:Law of war
1617:Health law
1602:Family law
1586:Energy law
1536:Bankruptcy
1473:Punishment
1468:Public law
1318:2017-02-24
1112:August 13,
1091:2015-11-23
1033:August 13,
985:2018-08-13
951:2009-07-17
926:2023-08-09
902:2016-03-23
858:August 13,
800:2016-03-21
771:2016-03-21
751:References
720:Penal bond
665:Co-signing
630:penal bond
601:securities
564:bail bonds
556:injunction
548:attachment
453:regulation
401:Miller Act
305:Miller Act
299:Miller Act
265:common law
243:Miller Act
225:, that an
3469:Syndicate
3435:Collegium
3330:Australia
3285:Risk pool
3255:Indemnity
3226:Copayment
3160:Knightian
3072:Terrorism
3042:Liability
2910:Satellite
2771:Pollution
2695:Term life
2604:insurance
2602:Types of
2595:Insurance
2431:Judiciary
2426:Executive
2401:The bench
2338:Solicitor
2313:Barrister
2193:Sociology
2178:Pseudolaw
2118:Anarchist
2075:Roman law
2063:Parsi law
2048:Hindu law
2036:Canon law
2011:Civil law
1964:Concordat
1855:Precedent
1764:Trust law
1739:Space law
1576:Drugs law
1446:Procedure
1384:Civil law
1068:0043-5589
980:1553-8095
700:Insurance
695:Indemnity
690:Guarantee
685:Fiduciary
611:) bonds.
525:Fiduciary
449:state law
373:bid bonds
256:principal
237:/lender.
227:equitable
177:fiduciary
166:penal sum
155:insolvent
116:principal
89:principal
81:guarantor
3578:Sureties
3549:Category
3427:§275–277
3345:Pakistan
3193:Pro rata
3082:War risk
3047:No-fault
2958:Casualty
2915:Shipping
2885:Aviation
2862:Renters'
2857:Property
2852:Mortgage
2822:Contents
2796:Umbrella
2756:Fidelity
2724:Business
2620:Accident
2538:Category
2480:Tribunal
2465:Military
2308:Attorney
2278:Judgment
2138:Feminist
2053:Jain law
1850:Case law
1571:Cyberlaw
1478:Corporal
1456:Criminal
1426:Evidence
1416:Doctrine
1394:Contract
1222:(2006).
745:Testator
659:See also
646:Timeline
572:guardian
552:replevin
261:contract
235:assignee
231:retained
131:Cautions
101:contract
95:Overview
61:guaranty
3474:Benefit
3461:Digesta
3397:History
3131:Actuary
3087:Weather
3077:Tuition
3067:Takaful
2995:Deposit
2925:Vehicle
2552:Outline
2489:History
2396:The bar
2370:Verdict
2318:Counsel
2298:Justice
2153:History
1976:Statute
1792:Charter
1754:Tax law
1702:Probate
1187:Webcite
675:Estreat
578:bonds.
576:trustee
558:bonds,
554:bonds,
550:bonds,
542:bonds,
529:probate
445:statute
440:license
288:group.
183:History
170:premium
109:obligee
85:obligee
21:finance
3350:Serbia
3310:Profit
3182:Broker
3108:policy
2920:Travel
2905:Marine
2812:Boiler
2786:Surety
2630:Dental
2612:Health
2470:Police
2441:Agency
2323:Lawyer
2068:Sharia
1959:Treaty
1954:Repeal
1900:Decree
1811:Custom
1707:Estate
1657:Labour
1421:Equity
1272:16 May
1263:
1066:
978:
574:, and
540:appeal
468:duties
463:level.
123:surety
77:surety
73:surety
25:surety
3446:Guild
3340:India
3335:China
3204:Claim
3010:Group
2990:Cyber
2968:Crime
2934:Other
2867:Title
2832:Flood
2545:Index
2411:Court
2355:Trial
2261:Judge
2102:Yassa
1905:Edict
1451:Civil
1404:Crime
1228:p. xv
1086:zlien
1062:(4).
1027:(PDF)
1020:(PDF)
920:(PDF)
527:, or
510:bonds
494:ERISA
479:sales
472:taxes
205:Aviva
59:, or
3419:§234
3141:Risk
3111:and
2973:Crop
2837:Home
2731:Bond
2677:Life
2293:Jury
2241:Fiqh
2097:Xeer
1495:Tort
1411:Deed
1274:2016
1261:ISBN
1114:2012
1064:ISSN
1035:2012
976:ISSN
860:2012
628:The
470:and
303:The
293:bail
121:the
114:the
107:the
65:debt
23:, a
3113:law
3052:Pet
1365:Law
79:or
71:or
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