169:
war. They eat the human flesh of their captives. The air is so mild that many live to 150 years and beyond. When, occasionally, they feel that they are about to become unwell they are quickly cured by the roots of herbs. Lions, serpents and other fearsome beasts breed here. There are very thick woods of scented trees, as cassia, cedar, brazilwood and pines of various kinds. Here are pearls and gold in the greatest quantity. It was discovered in the years around 1492 in successive voyages by the
Spanish and Portuguese, the leaders of which were, first, the Genoese Christopher Colombus, second, Pedro Alvares and third, Amerigo Vespucci.
97:
houses nor roofed dwellings, apart from the large tree leaves under which they are protected from the heat of the sun but not from the rain. There are so many different kinds of animals there. They worship the heavens and the stars. In some places they have homes made in the shape of bells. Red parrots and also those of other colours are found there. This island is of marvellous but not yet certainly known size. Both sexes, men and women, are in the habit of going about no otherwise as than their mothers bore them. The people there are called
Cannibals, Anthropophages who eat their enemies.
730:
carne vescuntur. Aere adeo clementi utuntur ut supra annum 150 plures vivant. Raro ergo tam etsi se perturbaturos sensarint radicibus herbarum cito curantur. Hic Leones, Serpentes et alii fede belue gignuntur. Hic silve densissime arborum oderiferarum, Cassie, Cedri, Verzini et
Thedarum diversi generis. Hic Margaritarum et Auri maxime copia. Hec per Hispanos et Portugalenses frequentibus navigationibus inventa circa annos domini 1492, Quorum Capitanei fuere Cristoferus Columbus Januensis primus, Petrus Aliares secundus, Albericusque Vesputius tertius.
102:
181:
227:
be an island which they called
America, the fourth part of the globe. But by the most recent voyages made in the year 1519 after Christ by Magellan leading ships of the Invincible Divine Charles etc. to the Moluccas Islands, which others call Maluquas, situated in the Far East, they have found that land to be the continent of Upper India, which is a part of Asia.
328:
added the great islands discovered in our time under the
Princes of Spain and Portugal, especially America, named after the captain of the ship who discovered it and thought because of its yet hidden size to be another world, besides many other islands heretofore unknown, which we do not wonder to regard as being the Antipodes or Antichthones.
122:
use; / The other, Johannes
Schoener, skilled in many arts, / Suitably wound this mass and composed it into rotundity. / And marked upon it everywhere printed shapes, / When from the birth of the Saviour we counted a thousand five hundred years plus four lustra / And the sun passed through the 16th degree of Libra. .
226:
After
Ptolemy, many regions to the east beyond 180 degrees were discovered by Marco Polo the Venetian, and others, but now having been discovered by the Genoese Columbus and Americo Vespucci reaching only the coastal parts of those lands from Spain across the Western Ocean, were considered by them to
607:
Luculentissima quaeda terrae totius descriptio, cu multis utilissimis cosmographiae iniciis: novaq & ante fuit verior
Europae nostrae formatio: praeterea, fluvioru, montiu, provintiaru, urbiu, & gentium plurimoru vetustissima nomina recentioribus admixta vocabulis: multa etia quae diligens
368:
meant that part of Brazil in the lower latitudes, but Schöner mistook it to mean the land on the southern side of the “strait”, in higher latitudes, and so gave to it the opposite meaning. On this slender foundation he constructed his circum-Antarctic continent to which, for reasons that he does not
327:
Ptolemy extended the habitable area halfway around the world, leaving beyond it unknown land, where the moderns have added Cathay and very extensive regions as far as 60 degrees of longitude, so that now a greater longitude of land is inhabited than is left for the Ocean. Moreover, to this should be
121:
This globe, embracing the immeasurable Earth with its parts / And the smooth winding shape of the body of the world / Was made into a sphere by the observant study of a certain two men and the expenditure of one of them, / Johannes Seyler, who bore the cost of all that he considered suitable for its
96:
America or
Amerige, the New World and fourth part of the globe, so called after its discoverer, Americo Vesputius, a wise and astute man, who discovered it in the year 1497. The people there are primitive, tall and of comely build. They live on fish they catch in the sea. They have nor villages with
377:
The
Portuguese, thus, sailed around this region, the Brasilie Regio, and discovered the passage very similar to that of our Europe (where we reside) and situated laterally between east and west. From one side the land on the other is visible; and the cape of this region about 60 miles away, much as
168:
This land is everywhere inhabited and considered by many another part of the world. The women and men go about either utterly naked or decorated with roots plaited with birds' feathers of various colours, and with their lips pierced. Many live communally. They have no religion. They frequently wage
729:
Hec regio passim incolitur & que plerisque alter terrarum pars existimatur. Femine ac mares vel nudi prorsus vel intextis radicibus avium pennis varii coloris ornati labiisque perforatis incedunt. Apud multos vivitur in communi. Nulla religione. Bella frequentissime gerunt. Humana captivorum
649:
Hic globum immensum complectens partibus orbem Atque typum teretis sinuoso corpore mundi Est studio vigili glomeratus certe duorum Unius impensis: tribuit nam cunctam Ioannes Seyler ad illius que commode censuit usus. Alter Ioannes Schöner multa catus arte In spiram hanc molem compegerat apte
140:, and the other islands belonging to it." And, "In this way it may be known that the Earth is in four parts and that the first three parts are continent, that is, terra firma, but that the fourth is an island, for it is seen to be surrounded everywhere by the sea”. This is drawn from the
71:
east coast: “The more southerly part of this island was discovered by order of the King of Portugal”; that is, America is called in both an island. A strait between the southern tip of America and the land to the south can be found on Schöner's globe before its "official discovery" by
204:
to accompany this globe. In this, he described the cosmographic approach he had used in constructing his globe: “I had to hand marine charts drawn in excellent characters, and news of great price and value which I located to concord, as much as possible, with astronomical positions”.
378:
if one were sailing eastward through the Straits of Gibraltar or Seville and Barbary or Morocco in Africa, as our Globe shows toward the Antarctic Pole. Further, the distance is only moderate from this Region of Brazil to Malacca, where St. Thomas was crowned with martyrdom.
595:
31:(1477–1547), the first being made in 1515. Schöner's globes are some of the oldest still in existence. Some of them are said by some authors to show parts of the world that were not yet known to Europeans, such as the
716:. This passage is translated by Randles as: “Thus the earth is now known to be divided into four parts. The first three parts are continuous landmasses, while the fourth is an island” (William Graham Lister Randles,
650:
rotundam Et supra impressis signavit ubique figuris Quando salutiferi partus numeravimus annos Mille et quingentos et quattuor addita lustra. Sole 16 gradum Librae perlustrante. Christoph Gottlieb von Murr,
315:(cap.xx): “the Genoese Columbus and Americo Vespucci reaching only the coastal parts of those lands from Spain across the Western Ocean, considered them to be an island which they called America”. Or, as
156:... Thus the earth is now known to be divided into four parts. The first three parts are continent, while the fourth is an island, inasmuch as it is found to be surrounded on all sides by the sea.
692:“Hunc in modum Terra quadriparita cognoscitur, et sunt tres primae partes continentes, id est terra firma. Sed quarta est insula, quia omniquaque mari circumdata conspicitur”; Johannes Schoner,
285:(Eastern Indian Ocean), in accordance with the conclusion reached by Columbus after his third voyage of 1496-1498, when he encountered the South American mainland, which he called a
152:
Hitherto has been divided into three parts, Europe, Africa, and Asia… Now, these parts of the earth have been more extensively explored and a fourth part has been discovered by
462:
352:
described the Portuguese voyagers passing through a strait between the southernmost point of America, or Brazil, and a land to the south west, referred to as
263:
are represented as a long, narrow strip of lands stretching from about latitude 50° North to about 40° South. The western coasts of these lands,
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inherited from Graeco-Roman antiquity, Schöner constructed his representation of the southern continent. His strait served as inspiration for
859:
558:
281:("Land further beyond unknown"), indicating it was unknown how far westward they extended. The sea to the west of these lands is labelled
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467:
713:
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67:, says: “This part of the island has been discovered by order of the King of Castile”. This is matched by another inscription off
336:. His continent is based, however tenuously, on the report of an actual voyage: that of the Portuguese merchants Nuno Manuel and
332:
Where Schöner departs most conspicuously from Waldseemüller is in his globe's depiction of an Antarctic continent, called by him
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56:
404:(“Terra Australis, recently discovered but not yet fully known”). It was taken up by his followers, the French cosmographer
52:
424:. Subsequent generations of map-makers and geographic theorists continued to elaborate the image of a vast and wealthy
126:
The globe shows the Antarctic continent which had not been explored at that date. On Schöner's 1515 and 1520 globes,
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Christophori Theophili de Murr Memorabilia Bibliothecarum publicarum Norimbergensium et Vniuersitatis Altdorfinae,
177:, a printed globe, was made in 1523. It was considered to have been lost until identified by George Nunn in 1927.
101:
472:
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Franz Wawrik, “The Johann Schöner Collection of Cartographical Works in the Austrian National Library”, in
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Mundus, Mirabilia, Mentalität: Weltbild und Quellen des Kartographen Johannes Schöner: eine Spurensuche,
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in 1520 as further confirmation of its existence, and on his globes of 1523 and 1533 he described it as
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59:, at Weimar. There can be little doubt that Schöner was familiar with the globe made in Nuremberg by
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Congresso internazionale di Storia della Cartografia, Imago et Mensura Mundi: Atti del IX Congresso,
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Classical Models of World Geography and Their Transformation Following the Discovery of America,
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Johannes Schöner's Weimer Globe made in 1533 shows North America as part of Asia, also shows a
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Luculentissima quaedam terrae totius descriptio: cum multis vtilissimis cosmographiæ iniciis.
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Ioannis Schoneri ... Opusculum geographicum ex diversorum libris ac cartis ... collectum,
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251:) as extending to around longitude 270° East. Westward from Spain, the discoveries of
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of 1507, which in turn was derived from the globe constructed in Nuremberg in 1492 by
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92:(“A Most Lucid Description of All Lands”). It contained a description of America:
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Globe of Johannes Schöner, 1520, western hemisphere. Friedrich Wilhlem Ghillany,
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360:. This supposed “strait” was in fact the Rio de la Plata (and/or eventually the
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was made in 1533. It shows North America as part of Asia and also shows a large
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America: quarta orbis parte cum aliis nouis insulis Oceano occidentali inventus
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311:). Reflecting this concept, Schöner explained in another of his writings, the
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Roma, Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, 1985, Vol.I, pp.297-301, p. 298.
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117:, a manuscript globe, was made in 1520. It bears the following inscription:
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348:(“New Tidings from the Land of Brazil”) published in Augsburg in 1514. The
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Another inscription on it describes America and its people, drawn from the
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Ex mandato Regis Portugalie pars hec insule hujus Australioris invenitur.
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Noribergæ, Impressum im excusoria officina I. Stuchssen, 1515. From the
51:, a printed globe, was made in 1515. Two exemplars survive, one at the
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Cosmographiae Introductio, Cap. IX: Quibusdam Cosmographiae Rudimentis
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George E. Nunn, "The Lost Globe Gores of Johann Schöner, 1523-1524",
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269:
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84:, whereas in the 1515 globe its southernmost tip is shown at about
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88:. Schöner accompanied his globe with an explanatory treatise,
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On this scrap of information, united with the concept of the
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hec pars huius insule inuenta est ex mandato Regis Castelle.
770:(Paris, Leroux, 1890, repr. Amsterdam, Meridian, 1963)p.93.
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TERRA AVSTRALIS RECENTER INVENTA SED NONDUM PLENE COGNITA
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Robert J. King, “Magellanica: Finding the Antipodeans”,
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American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, PA, 2010,
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Johann Schöner’s Globe of 1515: Transcription and Study,
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in his world map of 1531, and the Flemish cartographers
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by a westward route. He took Magellan’s discovery of
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Walter De Gruyter, Berlin and New York, 1994, p.54).
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Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nürnberg, Objektkatalog
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in 1492. An inscription across the northern part of
218:is shown as a part of Asia, as he explained in the
529:. S. Sonnenschein & Company, limited. p.
428:to tempt the cupidity of merchants and statesmen.
369:explain he gave an annular, or ring shape. In the
712:Chapter IX, “Of Certain Elements of Cosmography“
694:Luculentissima quaedam terrae totius descriptio,
681:Luculentissima quaedam terrae totius descriptio,
665:Geschichte des Seefahrers Ritter Martin Behaim,
463:Timeline of pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact
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107:Geschichte des Seefahrers Ritter Martin Behaim,
90:Luculentissima quaedam terrae totius descriptio
824:The Johann Schönner globe of the world of 1520
231:The globe of 1515 owes an obvious debt to the
194:Johannes Schöner's printed Weimar Globe (1533)
132:is shown as an island, as he explained in the
8:
654:Norimbergae, J. Hoehii, 1786, Volume 1, p.5.
420:makers, notably in their representation of
416:in 1570. Schöner's concepts influenced the
841:Rare Book and Special Collections Division
768:Les Géographes allemands de la Renaissance
667:Nürnberg, Bauer und Raspe, J. Merz, 1853.
109:Nürnberg, Bauer und Raspe, J. Merz, 1853.
16:Series of globes made by Johannes Schöner
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584:Image at Historisches Museum Frankfurt
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743:vol.17, no.3, July 1927, pp.476-480.
212:On Schoener's 1523 and 1533 globes,
468:Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact
293:’s “greatest island in the world”,
610:. Nuremberg: Johann Stuchs, 1515.
55:in Frankfurt and the other at the
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608:lector nova usuiq futura inveniet
506:Frankfurt/Oder, Scripvaz, 1999.
346:Newe Zeytung auss Presillg Landt
57:Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek
783:Norimberga, , Pars II, cap.xx.
245:India superior sive orientalis
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364:). By “vndtere Presill”, the
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115:Johannes Schöner Globe (1520)
49:Johannes Schöner Globe (1515)
860:16th-century maps and globes
663:Friedrich Wilhelm Ghillany,
535:Johannes Schöner antarctica.
277:("Land beyond unknown") and
138:the fourth part of the world
390:’s expedition to reach the
283:Oceanus orientalis indianus
273:in the north, are labelled
200:. He wrote a treatise. the
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865:Historic maps of the world
766:Quoted in Lucien Gallois,
710:Cosmographiae Introductio,
299:, lying south west of the
259:and the other Spanish and
696:Nuremberg, 1515, f.61v: '
142:Cosmographiae Introductio
741:The Geographical Review,
279:Vlterius incognita terra
833:at Nito Verdera's site.
781:Opusculum Geographicum,
202:Opusculum Geographicum,
21:Johannes Schöner globes
708:Martin Waldseemüller,
523:Fricker, Karl (1900).
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683:Nuremberg, 1515, f.2.
526:The Antarctic Regions
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261:Portuguese navigators
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679:; Johannes Schoner,
473:Martin Waldseemüller
289:and identified with
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146:Martin Waldseemüller
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779:Johannes Schoener,
485:, a French polymath
448:Globus Jagellonicus
317:Nicolaus Copernicus
53:Historisches Museum
829:2009-03-30 at the
453:Ancient world maps
388:Ferdinand Magellan
323:(lib.I, cap.iii):
198:southern continent
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186:southern continent
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74:Ferdinand Magellan
559:978-1-60618-005-1
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358:Brasilia inferior
338:Cristóvão de Haro
321:De Revolutionibus
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870:1515 works
854:Categories
807:The Globe,
596:Image at:
490:References
319:put it in
296:Java Major
291:Marco Polo
458:World map
384:Antipodes
76:in 1520.
69:America’s
37:Antarctic
827:Archived
795:, f.61v.
438:Erdapfel
432:See also
392:Moluccas
35:and the
27:made by
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366:Zeytung
350:Zeytung
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265:America
247:in the
215:AMERICA
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65:America
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309:Champa
305:Ciamba
270:Parias
80:is at
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