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557:"With the capability to ‘punch’ hard and not be a logistical or tactical drag on a coalition, we will be especially welcomed by our friends and feared by our enemies.. JEF will be capable of projecting power with global effect and influence. Nowhere is more important to us than our friends in the Middle East and Gulf and in line with clear political intent we would expect, with other initiatives, for JEF elements to spend more time reassuring and deterring in that region."
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The aim of the JEF is to create a UK military framework, focused around its existing high readiness capabilities, that its partners can join up with. While it is the UK's intention to fully integrate the UK's JEF partners’ contributions before 2018, the JEF is claimed to be able to deploy immediately
458:
exercise, which formed Phase 2 of BALTIC PROTECTOR. From 9 to 23 June, JEF forces were in the seas off
Germany and Sweden where they conducted a sea war exercise, including mine countermeasure operations, naval gunfire, beach reconnaissance and close air support. Upon conclusion of the BALTOPS phase,
542:
The JEF is intended as a pool of high readiness, adaptable forces that is designed to enhance the UK's ability to respond rapidly, anywhere in the world, with like-minded allies, or on behalf of international organizations such as the UN or NATO. The UK's contribution will include the lead commando,
466:
In the final phase, between June 26 and July 8, amphibious exercises were undertaken in the Baltic area. To coincide with the final phase, Defence
Ministers and Chiefs of Defence met to mark the achievements in the year since JEF was declared operational and set the ambition for the next four years.
430:
In 2019, a series of maritime exercises occurred amongst JEF nations, known as BALTIC PROTECTOR. Following a meeting of JEF Defence
Ministers in London on April 3, the first military phase of BALTIC PROTECTOR took place May 24 to June 4 off Denmark. They practiced modern maritime warfare, including
372:, subsumed under the new “Framework Nations Concept” rubric. Germany, the UK and Italy were to act as framework nations for groups of Allies coming together to work multi-nationally for the joint development of forces and capabilities required by NATO.
401:
also announced the signature of a Letter of Intent between
Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom, to establish the JEF so that it is fully operational before 2018.
53:
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addressed a meeting of the heads of government of the JEF, and said: “Everything will be directed against Europe if
Ukraine does not survive. Therefore, I ask you: help yourself by helping us.”
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Danish, Dutch, Norwegian and UK forces worked together to share tactical knowledge. In addition to maritime operations, marines and soldiers from across the exercising countries undertook
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said that he did not rule out Sweden joining the Joint
Expeditionary Force. He explained that no formal process exists that would allow them to join JEF. He was summoned by the
483:
853:
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On
November 30, 2015, in the United Kingdom, seven countries (UK, Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, and Norway) signed the contract to establish the JEF.
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On 28 June 2018 a comprehensive memorandum of understanding was signed amongst nine partner countries. On that date, capability existed to deploy over 10,000 personnel.
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peacekeeping force. All of its ten member states are also members of NATO, with
Finland's and Sweden's applications ratified in 2023 and 2024, respectively.
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and is designed to provide greater levels of integration than previously achieved especially when combined with other country's armed forces.
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Håkon Lunde Saxi, "British and German initiatives for defence cooperation: the Joint
Expeditionary Force and the Framework Nations Concept",
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1064:
654:
953:
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The JEF has been fully operational since June 2018. It can act independently in its own right, but it can also be deployed in support of
881:
Another solution with added value?: The
European Intervention Initiative as a new kid on the block of multinational defence cooperation
639:
20:
988:
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In February 2022, the foreign ministers of the 10 JEF countries announced military drills (ground, air and navy) in northern Europe.
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simulations, live firing and parachuting. While JEF is willing and able to act without other nations, they prepare to work alongside
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On 22 June 2017 the Swedish government confirmed that Sweden will be joining the JEF. Also in 2017 Finland joined the JEF.
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to confirm if the government was engaged in formal talks to join the JEF without the knowledge of the parliament.
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The multinational JEF was officially launched with the Letter of Intent as a NATO initiative at the September
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outlined the specific applications that the capabilities of the Joint Expeditionary Force will allow:
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365:(JRRF) which disappeared as a result of the UK's focus on operations in Afghanistan and Iraq.
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many participating ships sailed to Kiel, Germany, to take part in the Kielerwochen Festival (
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927:"Desmit valstu Apvienotie reaģēšanas spēki plāno militārus vingrinājumus Ziemeļeiropā"
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The United Kingdom element of the JEF consists of personnel and equipment from the
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On the 28 November 2023, it was announced that JEF(M) would deploy to patrol the
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The JEF consists of personnel and equipment from all branches of the armed forces
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UK-led Northern European multi-national rapid response and expeditionary force
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999:, no. 5. Oslo: Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies (IFS), 2018. 6 pages
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905:"Iceland becomes 10th nation to join UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force"
692:"Over 10,000 troops from nine nations ready to meet global challenges"
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if required. It is designed with the following requirements in mind:
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The JEF concept was first conceived in 2012 and announced by the then
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204:
191:
152:
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569:, the following nine states may form part of the JEF as required.
835:"International partners sign Joint Expeditionary Force agreement"
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722:"Indispensable: NATO's Framework Nations Concept beyond Madrid"
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The website for the Joint Expeditionary Force - jefnations.org
1016:, ORG Explains #10, London: Oxford Research Group, June 2019.
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Specialising in European defence: To choose or not to choose?
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Håkon Lunde Saxi, "The UK Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF)",
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Speech Chief of the Defence Staff General Sir David Richards
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854:"Sweden Considers Joining UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force"
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airborne, armored, aviation, air and maritime task groups.
954:"Beslutet: JEF ska patrullera Östersjön med 20-tal fartyg"
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989:
Defence chief signals major UK military presence in Gulf
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or other cooperative ventures, for example as part of a
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Military units and formations of the United Kingdom
886:(Report). Policy Brief. Clingendael. Archived from
879:Zandee, Dick; Kruijver, Kimberley (December 2019).
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317:operations. It consists of the United Kingdom, the
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527:act jointly and with allies, but able to act alone
1095:Military units and formations established in 2014
321:(Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden), the
309:multi-national military partnership designed for
405:In early October 2015, Swedish Defence Minister
511:announced that it would participate with two
8:
735:Zandee, Dick; Stoetman, Adája (July 2022).
720:Monaghan, Sean; Arnold, Ed (27 June 2022).
530:be well equipped, but not tied to platforms
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760:
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484:Icelandic Ambassador to the United Kingdom
784:"The UK Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF)"
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645:Foreign relations of the United Kingdom
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490:to become the 10th member of the JEF.
476:British Secretary of State for Defence
325:(Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), and the
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742:(Report). Clingendael. Archived from
7:
655:Joint Expeditionary Force (Maritime)
952:Granlund, John (28 November 2023).
450:and other allies. They also joined
1085:Expeditionary units and formations
1014:The UK's Joint Expeditionary Force
852:O'Dwyer, Gerard (4 October 2015).
640:Combined Joint Expeditionary Force
486:signed a note of joining, leading
21:Combined Joint Expeditionary Force
14:
907:. Army Recognition. 21 April 2021
782:Saxi, Håkon Lunde (23 May 2018).
533:adapt as the environment changes
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770:Royal United Services Institute
548:Royal United Services Institute
394:In September 2014, the British
1030:Military of the United Kingdom
1:
599:Latvian National Armed Forces
431:both land and sea training.
289:Map of the JEF member states
1065:Military of the Netherlands
635:Allied Rapid Reaction Corps
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660:Joint Rapid Reaction Force
363:Joint Rapid Reaction Force
359:General Sir David Richards
355:Chief of the Defence Staff
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1008:17, no. 2 (2017): 171–197
980:Joint Expeditionary Force
550:in 2012, CDS General Sir
426:Activities (2019–present)
361:. The JEF arose from the
295:Joint Expeditionary Force
35:
31:Joint Expeditionary Force
1100:2014 in military history
772:(RUSI), 17 December 2012
650:Immediate Response Force
611:Netherlands Armed Forces
19:Not to be confused with
960:– via www.svt.se.
605:Lithuanian Armed Forces
581:Estonian Defence Forces
698:. London. 28 June 2018
617:Norwegian Armed Forces
593:Icelandic Armed Forces
587:Finnish Defence Forces
561:International partners
513:Visby-class corvettes.
290:
1060:Military of Lithuania
665:Northern Future Forum
349:Formation (2012–2018)
288:
623:Swedish Armed Forces
567:British Armed Forces
546:Speaking before the
1090:2014 establishments
1045:Military of Finland
1040:Military of Estonia
1035:Military of Denmark
893:on 2 December 2020.
841:. 5 September 2014.
480:Sturla Sigurjónsson
228:Military operations
218:Expeditionary force
1075:Military of Sweden
1070:Military of Norway
1055:Military of Latvia
1050:Defence of Iceland
565:Together with the
498:Volodymyr Zelensky
470:On 20 April 2021,
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242:UK Components
991:(theguardian.com)
860:. Helsinki: Tenga
749:on 9 August 2022.
396:Defence Secretary
370:2014 Wales Summit
307:Northern European
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496:In March 2022
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338:United Nations
311:rapid response
303:United Kingdom
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935:. Retrieved
933:(in Latvian)
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909:. Retrieved
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888:the original
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862:. Retrieved
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795:. Retrieved
791:brage.bibsys
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744:the original
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700:. Retrieved
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603:Lithuania –
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538:Capabilities
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518:Requirements
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385:British Army
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254:British Army
67:2014–present
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958:SVT Nyheter
937:22 February
858:DefenseNews
472:Ben Wallace
327:Netherlands
179:Netherlands
1024:Categories
931:www.lsm.lv
673:References
591:Iceland –
585:Finland –
579:Estonia –
573:Denmark –
505:Baltic Sea
377:Royal Navy
246:Royal Navy
864:5 October
621:Sweden –
615:Norway –
597:Latvia –
461:Kiel Week
166:Lithuania
72:Countries
911:21 April
793:. Norway
629:See also
264:Insignia
984:Twitter
702:29 June
488:Iceland
456:BALTOPS
411:Riksdag
344:History
301:) is a
140:Iceland
127:Finland
114:Estonia
101:Denmark
839:GOV.UK
797:23 May
696:gov.uk
509:Sweden
478:, and
474:, the
269:Emblem
237:10,000
205:Sweden
202:
192:Norway
189:
176:
163:
153:Latvia
150:
137:
124:
111:
98:
89:(lead)
84:
64:Active
891:(PDF)
884:(PDF)
787:(PDF)
747:(PDF)
740:(PDF)
305:-led
939:2022
913:2021
866:2015
799:2018
704:2018
482:the
440:NATO
387:and
334:NATO
313:and
293:The
234:Size
224:Role
214:Type
982:on
463:).
299:JEF
1026::
956:.
929:.
856:.
837:.
824:^
807:^
789:.
755:^
712:^
694:.
681:^
507:.
448:UN
446:,
444:EU
442:,
383:,
379:,
357:,
329:.
941:.
915:.
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818:.
801:.
724:.
706:.
297:(
23:.
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