375:, an annual music competition modeled after the Eurovision Song Contest. This competition draws contestants from Norway, Sweden and Finland, with strong representation from minorities belonging to the Sami community. The traditional art form is significant in both the joik and song competition of the Grand Prix. In the joik component, contestants, usually dressed in traditional Sami clothing, perform joiks that are specifically prepared for the competition, without any accompanying instruments. The succeeding song component features participants who often incorporate elements of joiking into their pop entries, which suggests a revival and growing appeal of infusing traditional Sami musical practices with modern-day music.
379:
As a result, it became easier for Sami artistes and producers to gain funding for their projects, with over 40 albums and cassettes of Sami and joik music released in that period. Sources of funding included not only private investors, but also the
Norwegian and Swedish culture boards. This led to an unprecedented commercialization of Sami music, as well as the performance of joiking, which was a crucial focus of the Jårgalæddji. While the bankruptcy of this record company in the mid-1980s led to a slowdown in production of Sami and joik albums, such growth led to a resurgence of interest in traditional Sami culture and music.
368:, which is heavily inspired by Scandinavian and Sami culture. This is evident in its use of typical elements of the Sami people, including reindeer herding and outfit styles. Furthermore, South Sami musician and joiker Frode Fjellheim composed the opening track of Frozen, titled "Vuelie", which is an adaptation of his original track "Eatnemen Vuelie (Song of the Earth)". This growing adaptation of Sami elements, in particular joiking, points towards a gradual revitalization of the culture.
535:
has won the Sámi Grand Prix (2016) and the Liet
International (2017), as well as the Norwegian National Television-show Stjernekamp (2018). In 2017 Isaksen started the band ISÁK, that combines joik with modern electronic pop. Their music is energetic and made for dancing, as well as carrying messages
378:
In addition, the 1970s proved to be a fruitful period for the Sami people and joik music in particular, with what academics have coined the "joik renaissance". Specifically, the emergence of Sami-owned record company, Jårgalæddji, in Norway, that resulted from a collaboration between Sami musicians.
155:
in the past, the origins of joik are not documented. According to oral traditions, the fairies and elves of the arctic lands gave joiks to the Sámi People. Just
Qvigstad, who recorded the Sami oral tradition, has documented this legend in several works. Music researchers believe joik is one of the
181:
Despite this suppression, joiking was strongly rooted in the culture and its tradition was maintained. Joiking is still practiced and is used as a source of inspiration. Recently, joiks are sung in two different styles: a traditional style, known as the "mumbling" style; and a modern style sung
614:, Sami joiker and singer was born 5 March 1995. She grew up in the Svahken Sijte reindeer herding region in Norway. Her music is grounded South Sami traditions. Maria has studied and mastered the joik tradition for several years and has collaborated with acclaimed Sami musician Frode Fjellhein.
170:(Sámi shamans) and pre-Christian mythology rituals, with joiking said to resemble magic spells. In the 1950s, it was forbidden to use joiking in Sami area schools. In 2014, a parish council discussed "if they should implement a total ban against music other than hymns in the churches in
209:, which is often interpreted as indicating that a joik is not a song about the person or place, but that the joiker is attempting to evoke or depict that person or place through song – one joiks one's friend, not about one's friend (similarly to how one doesn't paint or depict
536:
of equal rights, Sami culture and language, climate action, environmental protection and feminism. They are lauded for their unparalleled live shows and fusion of music genres and languages, bringing Sami culture to a wider
Norwegian and international audience.
347:, which features a song predominantly sung in Norwegian and interwoven with joiking in its chorus. Subsequently, this song has been occasionally used as a game chant by Norwegian football fans, as well as British fans from the
127:
referred to only one of several Sami singing styles, but in
English the word is often used to refer to all types of traditional Sami singing. As an art form, each joik is meant to reflect or evoke a person, animal, or place.
485:(2015, 2017 and 2019) with the songs "Jag är fri (Manne leam frijje)", "En värld full av strider (Eatneme gusnie jeenh dåaroeh)" (featuring Aninia) and "Norrsken (Goeksegh)", coming 2nd, 3rd, and 4th, respectively.
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is one of the world's most renowned Sami artists and traditional musicians, whose use of joik is a central factor in his music. He has been collaborating with other artists in recent years, including
Swedish trio
338:
Even though joiking is a traditional form of singing, it has found its way into modern-day pop culture through adaptation and commercialization by various artists. One notable example is the 1980 Norwegian entry
163:
and similar) and the views of churches and ecclesiastical movements on joiking as sin have played important roles in its devaluation. One of the reasons that joiking was controversial may be its association with
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circuit. Both of Shaman's albums were labeled as "joik metal", drawing heavily from Sami music. After the name-change, the band switched to a more conventional folk-metal sound. He was also featured on the
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Traditionally, joiks have short lyrics or no lyrics at all. However, there are other forms of joik (in the expanded sense of the word) that have a more epic type of lyrics. Joik is traditionally chanted
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is a South Sami joiking with an old-world feel, since its development was halted in the face of
Christianity. To avoid being seen as savage or heathen, the South Sami mostly stopped joiking.
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Through its inclusion in other popular films, the Sami culture and joiking in particular has managed to achieve national acclaim. Of particular note is Disney's
326:. Some of their joiks were sung during shamanistic rites, and this memory is conserved also in a folklore text (a shaman story). As in various cultures of
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2014 competition, a reality talent show, through his moving rendition of traditional joik songs. He subsequently released a debut studio album in 2014,
194:. This type of song can be deeply personal or spiritual in nature, often dedicated to a human being, an animal, or a landscape as a personal signature.
982:
Jones-Bamman, Richard (3 August 2010). "From 'I'm a Lapp' to 'I am Saami': Popular music and changing images of indigenous ethnicity in
Scandinavia".
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402:, which features multiple joik tracks such as "Daniel’s Joik", "The Reindeer Herder’s Joik", and "Nejla’s Joik", and took part several times in
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is a Sámi/Swedish/Norwegian musician and artist with roots from the northern north. Her music can be described as ethno pop combined with joik.
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As long as we continue to joik, we'll remember who we are: negotiating identity and the performance of culture: the Saami joik
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was a well-known modern Sami writer, musician, and artist using joik in his work. He performed at the opening ceremony of the
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757:[Therefore, yoik is not allowed in the church – NRK Troms – Local news, TV and radio] (in Norwegian). Nrk.no
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is not unusual. Each joik is meant to reflect a person or place. The Sami verb for presenting a joik (e.g.
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contains one track titled "Digital Yoik", inspired by her time spent with Sami people in
Northern Finland.
178:. The proposal was shot down, but many still wonder why joiking in church is such a controversial issue".
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that is, tied to a specific person. A joik is often made for a person at the time he or she is born.
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During the
Christianization of the Sami, joiking was condemned as sinful. The assimilation policies (
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Furthermore, an uncredited sample of this song was featured in the 2011 science-fiction horror film
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Lappish fairy tales and legends: Lappish fairy tales and legends from Lyngen II 09 from Nordland
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culture. She blends elements of joik with other idioms, including jazz, rock, and world music.
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47:(anglicised, where the latter spelling in English conforms with the pronunciation; also named
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Multidisciplinary and multilinguistic encyclopaedia on the Saami, Saami culture and languages
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is a traditional joik artist and a research scholar at the Faculty of Law, university of
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is a Finnish Sami folk group which has similarly evolved their joik musical traditions.
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Tradisjonell klassisk joik – Traditional Classical Sami Yoik – Arbevirolas Luohti
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Lappiske eventyr og sagn: Lappiske eventyr og sagn fra Lyngen II 09 fra Nordland
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937:[The Viking Age and medieval music] (in Swedish). Fotevikensmuseum.se
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mostly by young people, and used as an element in contemporary Sami music.
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is the North Sami variant and currently the most-developed joiking style.
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The joik is a unique form of cultural expression for the Sami people in
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is a Colombian-born Swedish singer and jojkare, an interpreter of Joik
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Other artists who are famous for their interpretations of joik include
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is a Norwegian joiker and rapper who, as one-third of the supergroup
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786:"Yoik of the Wind Shamanistic chant meets modern electronics"
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The Oxford Handbook of Popular Music in the Nordic Countries
357:. The Norwegian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019, "
418:, a Norwegian band, has forwarded joiking around the world.
692:"Wimme Saari - Shamanistic chant meets modern electronics"
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mixes traditional joik with more modern musical trends.
424:, a Sámi actor, composer and folk musician from Norway.
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Johan Turi – Ein Bühnenstück mit einem Joik von Áilloš
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from Norway is one of the most popular artists of her
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beliefs and practices shared important features with
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is a Norwegian joiker and singer who, together with
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experienced several joiks during her travel program
542:was a Norwegian joiker, actress and artist born in
131:The sound of joik is comparable to the traditional
719:] (in Norwegian). H. Aschehoug & Company .
406:, Sweden's Eurovision selection, with joik songs.
281:, and that the Sami do not talk much about them.
481:2014 competition, and three-time participant in
275:Joanna Lumley in the Land of the Northern Lights
156:oldest continuous musical traditions in Europe.
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226:, but in modern times may be accompanied by a
143:of Siberia, which mimic the sounds of nature.
641:, who joiks persons, animals, and landscapes.
139:cultures. Joik shares some features with the
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572:. She mainly sings in Sami and does joiking.
371:Joiking is also an important element of the
1053:Gaski, Harald; Gjengset, Gunnar H. (2019),
956:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ud7mYAI4Vtk
32:"Vuelie" redirects here. For the song, see
523:Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 1980
458:Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019
213:a flower, but depicts the flower itself).
967:Holt, Fabian; Kärjä, Antti-Ville (2017).
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491:is a widely known joiker, front-man of
1174:Sami Folk Bands & Musicians online
1072:"Nils Mattias Andersson (1882 – 1974)"
810:. Boreale.konto.itv.se. Archived from
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318:Some of the Sami people's traditional
284:Joiking encompasses different styles:
27:Traditional form of song in Sámi music
935:"Vikingatidens och medeltidens musik"
430:(1882–1975) was a joiker from Sweden.
7:
1151:– detailed article with audio files.
83:) is a traditional form of song in
115:(in Norwegian, and anglicised) or
99:. A performer of joik is called a
25:
1009:Jones-Bamman, Richard W. (1993).
836:. Entertainment.timesonline.vo.uk
709:Qvigstad, Just (1 January 1929).
1179:Joik and the theory of knowledge
1169:Finnish Music Information Center
984:Journal of Intercultural Studies
314:Imitation of sounds in shamanism
324:those of some Siberian cultures
915:Szomjas-Schiffert 1996: 56, 76
308:Imitative sounds and shamanism
1:
672:Non-lexical vocables in music
186:Personal and evocative nature
1157:"The many faces of the yoik"
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775:Szomjas-Schiffert 1996: 64
334:Joiking in popular culture
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250:are at liberty to use any
123:(in Swedish). Originally,
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1215:Norwegian styles of music
1155:Laitinen, Heikki (1994).
996:10.1080/07256860120069602
649:1994 Winter Olympic Games
564:is a Swedish singer from
217:Musical and lyrical forms
1094:"LINE | LINE_SEG02"
1015:University of Washington
834:"Arts and Entertainment"
533:Ella Marie Hætta Isaksen
151:As the Sami culture had
1225:Swedish styles of music
1220:Russian styles of music
1210:Finnish styles of music
1164:Wimme by Harri Römpötti
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550:in 1945 and grew up in
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261:areas, most joiks are
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474:songs, winner of the
312:Further information:
881:Saastamoinen, Ilpo.
698:on 14 December 2004.
645:Nils-Aslak Valkeapää
468:Jon Henrik Fjällgren
388:Jon Henrik Fjällgren
141:shamanistic cultures
790:Tallberg Foundation
236:musical instruments
153:no written language
34:Frozen (soundtrack)
242:of joik is mostly
1096:. Lineimprint.com
814:on 1 January 2016
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359:Spirit in the Sky
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1116:"ISÁK – Bio"
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808:"Same etnam"
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100:
72:
64:
56:
48:
44:
40:
38:
29:
1185:DAT artists
1100:25 November
840:25 November
818:25 November
761:25 November
653:Lillehammer
629:Hedningarna
624:Wimme Saari
594:Jaktens Tid
584:Korpiklaani
505:Antye Greie
392:Korpiklaani
89:Sámi people
1200:Sámi music
1194:Categories
1078:14 October
1023:1773/11250
941:3 February
892:14 October
678:References
635:Ánde Somby
602:folk metal
588:folk metal
540:Inga Juuso
507:'s record
440:Mari Boine
384:Mari Boine
343:" for the
244:pentatonic
224:a cappella
172:Kautokeino
85:Sámi music
655:, Norway.
606:Finntroll
566:Gällivare
493:Transjoik
354:The Thing
263:personal,
232:Sami drum
1038:Archived
736:Archived
666:See also
544:Jokkmokk
400:Goeksegh
269:actress
240:tonality
135:of some
133:chanting
103:joikaaja
75:juoiggus
1125:7 April
1013:(PhD).
599:Finnish
580:Finnish
578:of the
476:Swedish
434:Angelit
416:Adjágas
267:British
248:joikers
205:) is a
203:juoigat
147:History
119:jojkare
79:in the
18:Joiking
1205:Chants
1059:Samica
883:"Leud"
869:leuʹdd
858:vuelie
659:Najana
639:Tromsø
604:band,
570:Sweden
556:Norway
548:Sweden
498:Frozen
454:KEiiNO
422:Áilloš
396:Talang
366:Frozen
320:Noaidi
302:Leuʹdd
295:Luohti
289:Vuelie
279:Aurora
246:, but
238:. The
167:Noaidi
111:joiker
67:vuelie
59:vuolle
51:luohti
715:[
582:band
252:tones
211:about
192:Sápmi
93:Sapmi
71:, or
1127:2021
1120:ISÁK
1102:2015
1080:2019
943:2012
894:2019
842:2015
820:2015
763:2015
552:Alta
472:Sami
444:Sami
228:drum
176:Maze
174:and
125:joik
45:yoik
41:joik
1019:hdl
992:doi
651:in
257:In
95:in
91:of
43:or
1196::
1118:.
1017:.
988:22
986:.
885:.
788:.
746:^
725:^
568:,
554:,
546:,
529:".
464:".
386:,
63:,
55:,
39:A
1159:.
1129:.
1104:.
1082:.
1025:.
1021::
998:.
994::
971:.
945:.
896:.
871:.
844:.
822:.
765:.
608:.
501:.
339:"
36:.
20:)
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