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as an insulator, a design which he later patented and a modified version of which was ultimately used in that project. He was later consulted again when the cable was stored at Keyham Dock in
Plymouth over the winter of 1857â58, after the failure of the first attempt to lay it August 1857 and before
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In 1838 Hearder's father died and
Hearder assumed control of his father's umbrella-making business. He expanded the business to include the making of fishing tackle, an area in which he developed a strong reputation. According to the Royal Society of Chemistry he "could prescribe the particular fly
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Following the damage to his eyes, Hearder's school closed, and
Hearder briefly turned to a secondary career in music. However, despite his vision impairment, Hearder continued lecturing and continued to work in experimental science, most particularly in the field of electrical engineering. He began
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A large proportion of those who have become blind can recognise the presence of a clear and shining light like that of the sun. I remember hearing a lecture on light by
Jonathan Hearder, the blind chemist, who after displaying a series of beautiful experiments on the different sources of light,
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The loss of force in the current of electricity by the resistance of the long wire, may be comprehended when I state that a flow of electricity sufficient, I should consider, to destroy life in an instant, was so reduced when passing through 2500 miles of the
Atlantic Cable, that I could just
49:, Devon on 24 December 1809, the son of Jonathan Hearder (1775â1838, an umbrella maker and police constable) and Mary Hannah Hearder (nÊe Parry). He was the eldest of four children, with one brother (George Parry Hearder) and two sisters (Mary Hannah Treleaven and Anne Eliza Page).
52:
Hearder became interested in science at an early age, despite his father being "greatly averse to such pursuits". From the age of 17 Hearder gave lectures on topics of science at the Exeter
Literary Institution and other local societies, including the Plymouth Institution (now
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On some new statical and thermal effects of the induction coil, with a new instrument for registering a rapid succession of electrical discharges, and a comparison of the effects of the induction coil with those of frictional and hydro-electric
68:
relates a demonstration given by
Hearder in which Hearder claimed to be able to perceive a particularly bright flash of electrical light. It became Hearder's practice to wear green spectacles to conceal his damaged eyes.
137:, by some accounts Hearder may have independently invented the device at an earlier date. Hearder's son on one occasion vouched that he had personally conveyed his father to London to demonstrate a coil to
76:
On 27 October 1837 Hearder married Susan
Plimsaul. She died two years later in 1839. On 21 January 1840 he married his cousin Joanna Sleep Hearder (1809â1887), with whom he went on to have five children.
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to be used for successful troutfishing in any month, and for any stream in
Devonshire." It was in this capacity that he was asked, late in life, to consult on the fishing gear that was to be used by the
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During his life
Hearder developed many alternative experimental procedures which were usable by those with sight impairments. These procedures included steadily moving a paper strip through an
33:, inventor, and educator. He is best known for his work in developing alternative experimental procedures for use by the blind and vision impaired, and for his early innovation in the field of
213:'s spark gap, enabling him to feel perforation holes and thus estimate the coil's frequency, which also sounded as an audible tone. In 1858, when Hearder was asked to advise on the faulty
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from Plymouth's Keyham Dockyard, Hearder reported testing the cable by inserting his tongue into the 2500-mile-long circuit to determine the electrical resistance of the wire.
265:
Elizabeth Cavicchi, "Blind Experimenting in a Sighted World: The Electrical Innovations of Jonathan Nash Hearder", Proceedings of the Plymouth Athenaeum, X, 2004/2007, 39â48.
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produced a blaze from electricity which almost blinded his audience, and of which he himself said, â I can distinguish this, although the others have been invisible to me.
182:, which he created with the object of ascertaining the rate of magnetic development in iron. This development also earned him a silver medal from the Polytechnic Society.
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and the Royal Polytechnic Society. In 1871 Hearder reportedly received the degrees of PhD and DSc although it is not known which institution issued the qualifications.
57:), of which he was a member. He began a career as a schoolmaster, and was the first schoolmaster in Plymouth to include science as a subject in the school curriculum.
253:
Guide to sea fishing and the rivers of South Devon: and descriptive catalogue of his prize river and sea fishing tackle, cricket, archery, croquet, &c., &c
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On 16 July 1876, at the age of 67, Hearder died of a sudden paralytic seizure while at 13 Princess Square, Plymouth. He was buried at Ford Park, Plymouth.
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for his exhibition of "an arrangement of primary and secondary wires, with which sparks were obtained in air, and discharges several inches long, through
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Hearder reportedly had an excellent memory, and held a passion for matters connected with local antiquity and history. He was an active member of
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In 1830, at the age of 23, Hearder's vision was severely damaged during an accidental explosion while experimenting with the explosive compound
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Hearder was an early advocate of the practicality of laying intercontinental submarine telegraph cables. He was asked to consult on the
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to the South Devon and East Cornwall Hospital. In 1846, Hearder's mother died, aged 69, at the family house in Frankfort Street.
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On the difference in the amount of electricity developed by equal surfaces of cylinder and plate electrical machines
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which he also made himself, on principles which he had worked out which gave with 4 cells of
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work on developing alternative experimental procedures which did not rely on visual cues.
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Over the course of his career, Hearder published several books and pamphlets, including:
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In 1853 and 1854 Hearder exhibited "an induction coil, constructed by himself, with a
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perceive a slight throb in my tongue whilst allowing the shock to pass through it.
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Throughout his life, Hearder undertook significant work on the development of the
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The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science
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furnished by Hearder for use in collecting shore fish for scientific purposes.
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133:. Although the invention of the induction coil is generally attributed to
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Jonathan Nash Hearder's design for a submarine telegraph cable, circa 1850.
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In September 1856, Hearder was awarded the first Silver Medal of the
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a full two years prior to the announcement of Ruhmkorff's design.
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Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science, Volumes 33â34
434:"Minutes of the meeting of the Royal Society of Chemistry"
362:"Plymouth Business Houses: Messrs Page, Keen and Page Ltd"
189:, circa 1850, and proposed an improved design which used
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In 1845 Hearder was appointed consulting electrician and
88:, and in fact the expedition eventually set sail bearing
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390:"Will of Jonathan Hearder, Umbrella Maker of Plymouth"
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197:Hearder also invented several specialised forms of
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29:(24 December 1809 â 16 July 1876) was a British
560:"The Voyage of the H.M.S. Challenger 1873â1876"
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205:Work on alternative experimental procedures
171:represented a substantial improvement over
332:"Plymouth Police Service: Watch and Ward"
217:prior to the departure of the cable ship
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680:Hearder, Jonathan Nash (January 1859).
589:The West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser
496:Bucknill, John Charles (October 2008).
309:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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178:Hearder was the inventor in 1842 of a
336:The Encyclopaedia of Plymouth History
247:The degeneration of our sea fisheries
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499:The Medical Knowledge of Shakespeare
473:. Plymouth Athenaeum. Archived from
305:"Hearder, Jonathan Nash (1809â1876)"
66:The Medical Knowledge of Shakespeare
303:Hearder, Ian G. (September 2004).
157:Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society
14:
394:GEN UKI: UK and Ireland Genealogy
438:Journal of the Chemical Society
338:. Plymouth Data. Archived from
751:19th-century British inventors
746:19th-century British engineers
731:Engineers from Plymouth, Devon
585:"Births, Marriages and Deaths"
1:
643:Advance of Electrical Science
502:. BiblioBazaar. p. 170.
330:Moseley, Brian (April 2009).
741:Blind scholars and academics
736:British electrical engineers
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444:: 493â530. 29 March 1877.
108:the Devonshire Association
311:. Oxford University Press
682:"On the Atlantic Cable"
255:(1873), self-published
249:(1870), self-published
243:(1858), self-published
237:(1856), self-published
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55:The Plymouth Athenaeum
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27:Jonathan Nash Hearder
20:Jonathon Nash Hearder
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761:English blind people
537:Bentley's Miscellany
450:10.1039/JS8773100493
167:were charged." This
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31:electrical engineer
591:. 4 September 1846
477:on 6 November 2014
173:Heinrich Ruhmkorff
135:Heinrich Ruhmkorff
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84:Challenger
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146:condensor
101:galvanist
41:Biography
626:30 March
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260:See also
235:machines
90:trammels
47:Plymouth
696:7 April
315:7 April
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94:trawls
563:(PDF)
199:stove
698:2010
664:help
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