Jonas Šliūpas - Knowledge (XXG)

1162:(Union). Initially, the idea was to publish the newspaper both in Polish and Lithuanian, but they could not get enough Polish subscribers due to Šliūpas' focus on the Lithuanian National Revival. The first issue was published on 25 October 1884. It was a small four-page publication that mainly printed Šliūpas' texts that focused on Lithuania's revival, promoted a union with Latvia, discussed children's education, advanced freethinking and socialist ideas. It also published the first poems by Šliūpas' fiancé who stayed behind in Mitau. At the end of 1884, the newspaper had just 250 subscribers. Šliūpas lived together with Tvarauskas in the same room as the printing press – the conditions were very poor and cramped. At the same time, Šliūpas joined the Mutual Aid Society of 2109: 2565: 2854:

views (Lithuanian nationalist, socialist, anti-fascist sympathetic to communism, an anti-communist sympathetic to Nazism). With his changing views, he published works on numerous topics – from politics and history to atheism and child education. His three-volume history of Lithuania was the longest Lithuanian-language history of Lithuania until the four-volume history was published in 1957–1975. Šliūpas was a compiler of other historical studies and he did not engage in historical research. He was not interested in academic and critical evaluation of historical facts. Rather, he saw history as a didactic tool to teach and inspire Lithuanians and, as many

1639:, when police shot and killed several protesting mine workers including five Lithuanians in September 1897, Šliūpas organized a protest meeting in Scranton. His suggestion for a socialist group was met with enthusiasm and about 70 people signed up. Though the membership quickly declined to about 30 people, it was the first Lithuanian socialist group. Other groups were soon organized in other Lithuanian communities and the idea of a unifying Lithuanian socialist organization was raised in 1899. Šliūpas organized local socialist groups, delivered speeches and lectures, discussed the need for a centralized organization, and even planned to attend the 1949: 2781: 1399: 1075:. The memorandum listed all the ways that the Russian Empire would benefit from lifting of the ban – lessening of the Polish influence and mistrust of the Russian government among Lithuanian peasants as well as the gained ability to control and censor legal press (the illegal press included many anti-government articles). The memorandum and by extension Šliūpas were later criticized for its sharp anti-Polish rhetoric. Šliūpas delivered the memorandum to a deputy of Gurko and, to avoid the police, quickly left to Mitau ( 1420:) in Baltimore and became its chairman. The primary goal of the society was to publish Lithuanian texts and otherwise promote education among Lithuanians. Its first publication was Šliūpas' work on Lithuanian-language texts from the 16th century to present published in 1890 in Tilsit, East Prussia. It contained mostly patriotic and nationalistic excerpts from older texts with essays by Šliūpas on the current situation of and future hopes for the Lithuanian National Revival, and thus were more a like a 1754:, grant political autonomy to Lithuania which would be united with Latvia, implement a land reform that would distribute land of manors and monasteries to landless peasants, grant amnesty to political prisoners. At the end of 1906, Šliūpas delivered several speeches in Lithuanian immigrant communities and published the speech in a separate brochure in which he returned to Lithuanian national issues – union with Poland and abuses of the Catholic clergy. However, Šliūpas did not join the 597:. There, Šliūpas studied Russian and Polish languages and witnessed moral degradation of the clergy, even his uncle who lived with his housekeeper in sin and somehow managed to obtain large sums of money. He was beaten for various infractions and after a year and a half begged his parents to take him home. He was taken in by an uncle on his mother's side who educated him to pass the entrance examinations to a gymnasium. In 1871, he failed the Russian language exam at the 2287: 2387: 1116: 631:(present-day Latvia). He exhibited academic aptitude and, after finishing the preparatory class and taking exams, he was admitted to the 2nd class of the gymnasium in 1873 therefore skipping the 1st class. He continued to excel at his studies and received tuition waivers. He received financial support from his uncle and earned additional money by tutoring. For example, he spent the summer 1879 teaching noble children in a manor in 1746:, established in Chicago in 1901. He continued to be its treasurer until it dissolved in 1912. During that time, the society provided financial aid of $ 4,273.80 (equivalent to $ 135,000 in 2023) to Lithuanian students (20 men and 7 women) studying at various universities. Lithuanians wanted to organize a protest march in support of the Russian Revolution, but Šliūpas proposed a multipartisan congress (perhaps inspired by the 1797: 2789: 1863:) and articles on the 19th-century history of Lithuania (written as a continuation to his three-volume history of Lithuania). The magazine was discontinued after 60 issues in May 1915. Šliūpas resigned as editor in December 1914 citing his age and poor eyesight. Privately, he mentioned to Račkauskas that he spent more than $ 5,000 (equivalent to $ 152,000 in 2023) of his own money on the magazine. 31: 496:, Šliūpas organized the Lithuanian National League of America as the third or middle road between the radical socialists and the conservative Catholics. He organized fundraising drives to help Lithuanian war refugees, visited Russia in 1916–1918, and publicized the Lithuanian demands for independence in English-language essays and memorandums (one of them was added to the 2866:. After a stomach operation in 1924, he wrote his second autobiography which he published as a separate booklet in 1927. The third autobiography was written in 1931 and published in a collection of articles and documents on Šliūpas edited by Juozas V. Girdvainis in 1934. The last autobiography was written in 1941 and first published by Juozas Jakštas in 1979. 1911:

September 1914. Šliūpas then organized a congress of nationalists and socialists in New York in October. The socialists were better organized and wanted to take full control of the congress and the nationalists withdrew in protest. They gathered separately in Brooklyn and decided to establish their own organization, the Lithuanian National League of America (

1031:. Suspicions further increased when Šliūpas and Jankus toured Lithuanian villages and called for the establishment of the Lithuanian Scientific Society. Its founding meeting in January 1884 was interrupted by the police. Eventually, Šliūpas was given 30 days (to 15 March 1884) to leave East Prussia. Using Jankus' passport, he returned to Lithuania. 2027:. Šliūpas also attended the third Lithuanian conference in Stockholm in January 1918. The conference adopted a seven-point demand list to Russia and Germany to recognize independent Lithuania, repay war damages, withdraw their armies, include Lithuanian representatives in any peace negotiations – the full text of the resolution was reprinted in 1382:, to establish the Lithuanian parish of St. Casimir. Burba arrived to Plymouth in August 1889 and became a friend and collaborator with Šliūpas. Šliūpas' publicist work could not support a family of four (daughter born in July 1886 and son born in March 1888). Therefore, in early 1889, he decided to study medicine at the 3066:Šliūpas edited issues 5–10 of 1883 that listed him as the editor, issues 1–3 of 1884 that did not list him as the editor, and issues 4–6 of 1884 that listed him as the editor but were published already after he left Prussia. Several issues were published in one booklet – issues 8–10 of 1883, issues 1–3 and 5–6 of 1884. 2846:. Much of his writing is translated and adapted from other works. Even by his own admission, he prioritized quantity over quality and on occasion plagiarized other authors without giving proper credit. He prioritized promotion of ideas (didactic and propaganda goals) over original research. Even in his obituary, 2675:, several prominent residents of Palanga met at the city hall and decided to elect new city council, headed by Šliūpas, in hopes of reigning in the chaotic situation. However, according to Šliūpas' memoirs, he was falsely identified as a Jew sympathizer and briefly arrested by the Germans. Šliūpas had expressed 1574:. He wrote about the bright future promised by socialism, strikes and disturbances caused by socialists and anarchists around the world, biographies of prominent socialist leaders, etc. He did not fully embrace the internationalism, retaining the concept of nations. The last issue appeared on 2 June 1896. 2853:

Researcher Charles Perrin described Šliūpas as a chameleon who held fluid and sometimes outright contradictory views at the same time. At different times, he had different religions (Catholicism and atheism), belonged to different nationalities (Polish, Lithuanian, American), held different political

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galvanized Lithuanian Americans to organize support for the war refugees and start thinking about the future of Lithuania after the war. Šliūpas tried to organize a multipartisan congress (similar to the 1906 congress in Philadelphia), but Catholic activists organized their own congress in Chicago in

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and attended a congress of the Alliance of All Lithuanian Catholic Societies of America, chaired by Burba, in November 1891, while Burba established a local chapter of the Lithuanian Scientific Society in Plymouth in February 1891. However, the collaboration with Burba broke down in 1892. Šlūpas felt

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of city's funds. From that time until Šliūpas returned as mayor in March 1938, Palanga had only an acting mayor. On 10 May 1938, Palanga suffered a major fire – about 120 residential buildings burned down leaving 1,500 people homeless. Šliūpas had to organize aid, construct shelters, and rebuilt the

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near Biržai. In 1923, he invested 70,000 litas and established Titnagas printing press in Šiauliai. Šliūpas invited German specialists and the press was known for its quality. Among other things, Titnagas printed 17 books by Šliūpas and about 150 books by book publishing company Kultūra that Šliūpas

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in 1948. A monument in the cemetery was built in 1950. In 1989, his former home in Palanga was turned into a memorial museum. In 2009–2012, Šliūpas' son Vytautas transferred family's vast library and archives (books, periodicals, manuscripts, letters, photos, personal items, etc.) to the library of

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The failure of the Trade and Industry Bank brought financial difficulties, while the death of his wife (4 April 1928) brought a personal loss. He married Grasilda Grauslytė, a sister of his maid and 38 years his junior, in September 1929. His three children strongly disapproved the marriage and the

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at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lithuania. It was an elective class and not every semester there were enough students to hold it. He resigned after four years and received a government pension. He published his lessons on hygiene and history of medicine as separate books in 1928 and

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that Varnagiris would be separated from Polish priests, but due to disagreements Šliūpas withdrew from the parish. Šliūpas wanted to keep parishes independent afraid that American bishops could easily close or transfer Lithuanian churches. Varnagiris preached to Lithuanians in a Polish church until

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to proclaim the Lithuanian Day when all across United States donations would be collected for the benefit of Lithuanian war refugees. On 1 November 1916, Lithuanians collected $ 176,863 (equivalent to $ 4,952,164 in 2023). The funds were collected and distributed by a 12-member committee, six

2365:. He worked on lowering electricity prices, ensuring street cleanliness, improving transportation (e.g. asking city residents not to use sidewalks to ride bikes or herd cattle), etc. In November 1934, he was replaced by Pranas Kraujelis who was removed in December 1936 for mishandling 30,098 1208:

region. Šliūpas was the only one working on the publication all the while severe financial difficulties often forced him to take random side jobs. Therefore, the newspaper was printed irregularly – out of 26 issues that were supposed to be printed in 1885 only 13 were actually published.

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calling Lithuanians to reject the invitation as it was a Polish, not a Lithuanian celebration. This elicited protests from Polish groups as well as from within the Mutual Aid Society of Saint Casimir and, on 27 April, Tvarauskas fired Šliūpas leaving him with no money or a place to stay.

1750:). 169 Lithuanian activists, including 50 socialists, gathered in Philadelphia in February 1906. Šliūpas wrote a long resolution which was accepted by the delegates but protested by the socialists. It called the Russian Empire to adopt a constitution that would guarantee some of the 1936:. He tried to work with all three (Catholic, socialist, and nationalist) factions, but ended up touring Lithuanian communities with the help of the Lithuanian National League of America and Šliūpas. Up to February 1916, he collected $ 9,361.51 (equivalent to $ 281,954 in 2023). 1225:. Šliūpas also participated in many Lithuanian events, delivering lively speeches and lectures which became more popular than his newspaper. He brought his fiancé Malinauskaitė to New York and they married on 30 September 1885 both in a civil and religious ceremonies (held at the 1200:) to publish the newspaper and other Lithuanian publications. The first issue of the newspaper appeared on 2 July 1885. It printed mostly long abstract and theoretical articles that were difficult to understand for the poorly educated Lithuanian immigrants. Additionally, Šliūpas' 1543:(22 March 1894). The funeral procession was followed by insulting and mocking booing and shouting. Šliūpas then submitted a formal complaint to the city's officials against six most active protesters. The complaint was rejected and the six people sued Šliūpas for defamation in 1432:

and religion to socialism. In winter 1889–1890, he delivered about 30 such speeches. One of the lectures on Lithuania's past, present, and future was developed and published as a separate brochure in 1897. In March 1892, the Scientific Society began publishing monthly magazine

2202:Šliūpas returned to Lithuania with a capital of $ 38,000 (equivalent to $ 578,000 in 2023) that he invested in various Lithuanian enterprises, many of them established or chaired by his son-in-law Martynas Yčas. In February 1919, the first Lithuanian Shipping Company ( 916:, Switzerland, which was a refuge for many Russian and Polish socialists. He had promises of financial support from Janavičius and Zubov as well as lofty hopes of establishing a Lithuanian press for socialist publications. He also wanted to finish his studies at the 2356:

where their son Vytautas was born in 1930. Palanga was transforming from a fishermen village to a popular seaside resort and Šliūpas worked to obtain city rights. In January 1933, he became the first mayor of Palanga. In summer 1933, he hosted the official visit of

1765:– it appears he first participated in its 25th anniversary congress in 1910 when he delivered a speech reviewing Lithuanian activities in the United States over the last 25 years. Šliūpas also returned to the criticism of the Catholic Church with the publication of 1623:

in 1892. This translation presented a particular challenge as the Lithuanian language lacked words to describe the abstract forces and ideas. Šliūpas spent a considerable effort to come up with Lithuanian neologisms instead of borrowing words from other languages.

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on 22 May. Together with his son-in-law Yčas, Šliūpas worked to purchase $ 5 million (equivalent to $ 87,869,000 in 2023) worth of various military goods from the U.S. Liquidation Commission (instead of transporting various supplies back to United States, the

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While Šliūpas was respected for his past contributions to Lithuanian causes, he was not invited to the Lithuanian government or held a more prominent public position. Šliūpas returned to Lithuania in 1920 with substantial savings that he invested in the

1266:. From the first issues, the two newspapers exchanged increasingly bitter and nasty rhetoric and accusations of destroying Lithuanian unity. Šliūpas and 11 delegates of other Lithuanian societies established the Alliance of All Lithuanians in America ( 2218:

and other rivers in Lithuania. Šliūpas returned to United States to organize his affairs for the permanent move to Lithuania and at the same time sold about $ 50,000 worth of shares of the company to Lithuanian Americans. He also invested in the

1823:(Free Thought) with the help of two new Lithuanian immigrants with prior experience in publishing periodicals in Scranton – Karolis Račkauskas (pen name Vairas) and Kleopas Jurgelionis (pen name Kalėdų Kaukės). The magazine promoted the ideas of 2172:

and accompanied their delivery to Lithuania. It was the first time that Šliūpas returned to Lithuania since 1883. But he did not stay there for long as he was sent as the first Lithuanian diplomatic representative to Latvia in August 1919. With

1734:, and individuals persecuted by the Tsarist regime. Others argued that the funds should be sent just to the Social Democratic Party. Šliūpas withdrew from the party and more active socialist work, though he continued to support socialist ideas. 1917:), as well as two foundations (chaired by Šliūpas) to provide financial aid to war refugees in Lithuania. Thus, the third "middle" group of Lithuanian activists emerged. Šliūpas began agitating for Lithuania, visiting Lithuanian communities in 1566:, before being moved to Shenandoah in fall 1894 and to Scranton in August 1895 where it was published in Šliūpas' basement. It had only one official editor (Šliūpas' co-brother-in-law) and was published by the Lithuanian Scientific Society. 1002:– articles promoting economic development with the ultimate goal of social equality, descriptions of poor conditions of peasants and manor workers, etc. This socialist tinge was enough to alienate the Catholic clergy who started treating 530:(1933–1940), lobbied for non-religious cemeteries, schools, marriage and birth registrations, published numerous anti-religious texts. He continued to be active in public life until his death. As many other Lithuanians, he fled from the 696:

In Moscow, Šliūpas initially studied philology, but after one semester transferred to law. His good grades earned him tuition waivers. He met a small group of Lithuanian students who soon organized a Lithuanian society which published

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in United States in September. The letter urged democratic reforms and called Smetona's regime "stifling oligarchy after a fascist example." Nevertheless, his 75th birthday in March 1936 was marked with an official ceremony at the

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asking to lift the ban. Both requests were denied. He also worked to publish hectographed socialist manifestos and proclamations. His studies were cut short when he was implicated in a student riot, arrested, and imprisoned in the

1547:. The trial continued for 24 days and involved numerous witnesses, including 13 priests. When testifying, Šliūpas refused to swear on the Bible. Eventually, Šliūpas was found not guilty but the tensions forced him to relocate to 1722:. Šliūpas was elected its treasurer but withdrew within five months due to disagreements on how to distribute funds raised for the support of the revolution and Lithuanians. He wanted to send funds to Draugas (established by 2420:

in June 1940. The magazine focused on humanities, particularly history, and balanced academic articles with agitation. Šliūpas also promoted freethought policies in daily life. He campaigned for non-religious cemeteries,

6992: 2796:Šliūpas was a prolific author. During his life, he published more than 70 books and brochures as well as contributed numerous articles to Lithuanian, American, Polish, German, Swedish, and French periodicals, including 2370:

city with larger more modern buildings. About half of the people affected by the fire were Jews who organized a separate relief effort clashing with Lithuanians over the funds. The experience prompted Šliūpas to study

1632: 1186:Šliūpas elicited help from other Lithuanian Americans who donated 250 dollars (equivalent to $ 8,478 in 2023) so that he could purchase a pedal-powered printing press and establish his own weekly newspaper 522:(1933–1935, 1938–1939, 1941), a developing seaside resort, and had to coordinate the response to the great fire in May 1938 that left some 1,500 people homeless. He continued to promote freethinking – chaired 2034:Šliūpas returned to United States in May 1918 and became vice-chairman of the Lithuanian Executive Committee organized by a joint Catholic and nationalist conference in New York in March 1918 and chaired by 2858:

historians, he idealized and glorified the past. One of the more original ideas was a union between Lithuania and Latvia that Šliūpas kept returning to throughout his life though it never gained traction.

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supported financially. Many of his investments were lost when the Trade and Industry Bank failed in 1927. Šliūpas had guaranteed many loans of the bank, Yčas, and other companies. He was sued by the

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of births, marriages, and deaths, non-religious schools. When the new communist regime established civil birth registration in 1940, Šliūpas' son Vytautas was the first to be registered in Palanga.

754: 1288:) on 22 November 1886 in Plymouth. Šliūpas' organization disbanded in 1888 due to lack of members while the Catholic alliance, renamed and reorganized several times, continues to this day as the 1519:

Perhaps due to the falling out with Burba, Šliūpas anti-religious and pro-socialist views grew stronger and louder. In 1893, he anonymously published an 18-page brochure translated from German

1694:) in 1899 and the first two volumes of his three-volume history of Lithuania in 1904–1905. He organized the Martyrs' Committee, which raised funds for the support of Lithuanians imprisoned or 2073:, delivered a speech in which he urged to preserve the territorial integrity of Russia, Šliūpas wrote a memorandum demanding independence for Lithuania and managed to get it published in the 2045:. The primary goal of the Executive Committee was to inform the American public about Lithuania and to lobby American politicians to support Lithuania's independence. Šliūpas also joined the 2746:. Šliūpas wrote his speech but before he could record it, he died in a Berlin hotel at about 9 a.m. on 6 November 1944. Lithuanians in Berlin organized a special committee, chaired by 1816: 1535:

but also the pope. This caused an uproar among other Lithuanian organizations. Protesting against pope's silence on the massacre, Šliūpas officially left the Catholic Church and joined the

6987: 1367:, where many Lithuanian immigrants worked in local coal mines, in early 1888. In Shenandoah, Šliūpas established weekend education courses for adults and agitated locals to invite priest 6148: 6967: 932:

and as a separate booklet in the United States. Šliūpas did not receive the promised financial support from Lithuania. Searching for means of living, he rejected an invitation to join

1167: 6972: 1045: 2731: 1471:, moved in with Šliūpas. Around the same time, Dembskis quit priesthood and became a close collaborator with Šliūpas. Dembskis lived with Šliūpas until his death in 1913. On 433:, the first Lithuanian newspaper. He fled from the German police to United States in June 1884. Despite severe financial hardships, he began publishing Lithuanian newspapers 2672: 1933: 1570:

marked a transition for Šliūpas' works from predominantly focused on Lithuanian nationalism with some socialist topics and ideas to predominantly focused on socialism and

2520:. A year later he published a review of the Catholic Church activities in independent Lithuania since 1919. He also published translated works of freethinkers, including 2701:

to present a proposal for Lithuania's independence. He also continued to write and translate, though most of his works remained unpublished, including a translation of

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in 1896 and 1900. He was a popular public speaker and by 1907 had given over 1,000 lectures on political, social, religious and scientific subjects. At the outbreak of

6757: 2750:, to organize his funeral. Despite difficult wartime conditions, it was an official affair with opera singers and speeches by Lithuanian officials. He was cremated in 1640: 2500:, a Catholic priest who was accused of murdering his suspected lover, and attacked the Catholic Church. A priest sued Šliūpas for slander and he received a one-month 1984:, and elsewhere to find out what support Lithuanian Americans could provide. At the same time, he tried to gather support for a Lithuania–Latvia union. He stopped in 846:

would lift the Lithuanian press ban, he prepared a Lithuanian calendar and submitted it to Russian censors. He also sent a petition, dated 7 November 1882, to the

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work. Šliūpas resigned as mayor on 1 July 1939 due to old age and the fact that he, as a recipient of a state pension, could not receive any government wages.

1411: 450: 276: 2664:. Šliūpas' investments and other property was nationalized, but the new government made a special exception allowing him keep his house in Palanga. During the 1648: 1083:, an orphaned daughter of a large landowner who Šliūpas met as a gymnasium student in Mitau. He felt being followed and spied on and tried to sail from Libau ( 6806: 928:(The Salvation of a Pauper) in which he was the first to raise the idea of independent (not merely autonomous) Lithuania. The brochure was later published in 728:. Together with Janavičius, Šliūpas spent summer 1881 visiting various locations across Lithuania collecting funds to support members of revolutionary groups 2850:

wrote that Šliūpas will be remembered not for his writings which were often of low value, but for his tireless work and dedication to the Lithuanian causes.

2709:. Some of his war-time writings show influence of Nazi ideology. For example, in an article published in 1943, Šliūpas advocated for a government program to 2679:

attitudes in his earlier works (for example, complaining about Jewish near-monopoly on trade in Lithuania), but became radicalized during the war and blamed

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23 February] 1861. According to Šliūpas' memoirs, his family told stories about their wealthy ancestors who traced back to the time of Grand Duke

523: 281: 1444:Šliūpas became a naturalized citizen of the United States on 3 June 1890. He graduated with a medical degree in March 1891. He further graduated from the 2622:

and asked Lithuanian Americans for financial support. He returned to Lithuania on 22 July. Šliūpas traveled to United States again in 1939 to attend the

396:. He edited numerous periodicals, organized various societies, and published some 70 books and brochures on various topics. His sharp criticism of the 6910: 2070: 1997: 1390:. As a student, Šliūpas struggled financially, earning some money by selling cigars and getting some aid from Burba, but did not abandon public life. 1383: 454: 142: 1428:, the second English-language publication by the Lithuanian immigrant community. Šliūpas also delivered speeches and lectures on various topics from 2187:, he also represented Lithuania to Estonia. There is little information available on his activities in Latvia. At the time, Latvia was fighting the 2323:. Upon his return, chaplain of the Šiauliai Gymnasium complained that Šliūpas' lessons included anti-religious themes to the Minister of Education 1595: 6982: 6781: 1226: 2168:

sold surplus goods to other governments and businesses). Šliūpas personally supervised the purchase of medical supplies worth about $ 500,000 in

2978: 2564: 1713: 247: 6977: 6168: 2316: 1652: 489: 2148:. He also held talks with Latvian activists promoting his ideas of a Lithuanian–Latvia union. When Lithuania sent its official representative 6942: 6899: 6666: 2641: 2417: 1445: 1437:(Enlightenment). It was the first Lithuanian magazine devoted solely to culture and education. In total, 15 issues were published in Tilsit, 1311: 147: 6515: 2583:

on 2 May 1936. In United States, Šliūpas delivered speeches and lectures in twenty different communities of Lithuanian Americans, including

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about the need to support independence movements of the various nations in the Russian Empire and to British officials urging to recognize

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work that Šliūpas was interested in since his studies in Moscow in 1881 and that he already discussed in a series of articles published in

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as the main political representative of the Lithuanian nation. Šliūpas was the only representative of Lithuanian Americans in attendance.

2649: 2463:, Minister of Education, Minister of Defense, gave speeches celebrating Šliūpas' life and accomplishments. Šliūpas was also awarded the 1259: 1342:(1700–1721), who was portrayed as a Latvian fighting for his nation's freedom. He further published a history of Lithuania written by 894: 6299: 6997: 6770: 6618: 6318: 3075:

Printing in East Prussia was cheaper and thus a rather popular option for publishing books and periodicals for Lithuanian Americans.

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on the communist atrocities in 1940–1941. During the occupation, Šliūpas struggled financially (he lived on a monthly pension of 40

635:. Though the gymnasium had only a few Lithuanian students and no Lithuanian societies, Šliūpas began developing his interest in the 1656: 1581:(Science and Religion) – a collection of 15 mostly translated articles that he was working on since around 1885 – that argued that 230: 2254:

in 1911–1912 and established a successful trading company Agaras. He also tried to organize a spa around mineral water springs in

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called Šliūpas a better agitator than an organizer. He was a founder, chairman, or board member of various societies, including:

2024: 1660: 1495: 1023:. Šliūpas rebuked the criticism but expressed hope for Polish–Lithuanian friendship and cooperation. He published the letters in 1019:

for its anti-Polish attitudes and separatism, Šliūpas engaged in a debate with its editors regarding the cultural and historical

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Despite the difficulties, Šliūpas continued to organize a separate Lithuanian parish and invited priest Antanas Varnagiris from

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to visit priest Ignotas Vaišvila to collect biographical information about Daukantas who lived with Vaišvila in his last years.

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via churches. In April 1885, a Polish committee invited Lithuanians to participate in a parade and fundraising celebrating the

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to record a speech that would be broadcast to Lithuanian Americans. Other Lithuanians recruited for a similar effort included

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which was broadcast live over the radio, Šliūpas delivered a critical speech with the president and other politicians of the

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in 1900. It seems that around the same time he attempted to expand outside the Lithuanian circles: he became an associate of

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for three months. He became ill and the police allowed him to return to his native Rakandžiai. There he wrote a biography of

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Lithuanians in the Shadow of Three Eagles: Vincas Kudirka, Martynas Jankus, Jonas Šliūpas and the Making of Modern Lithuania

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published his long essay, which he called his political testament, on the perfect state and government that would eliminate

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that connected Biržai to Šiauliai. In Biržai, he renewed and renovated the printing press that was established by Yčas and

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due to its international isolation – positions that Šliūpas appears to have disagreed with. He also did not get along with

1708: 1511:(A Short Review of Lithuanian Activities in America), a booklet that Burba published in 1892, that he sued Burba in court. 242: 6233: 2623: 2439: 1965: 1891: 1698:

due to their political or cultural work, in 1900 and became treasurer of the Union of Lithuanian Freethinkers in America (

1603:, and expressing optimism that scientific advances would usher an era of universal prosperity. In 1902, Šliūpas published 1552: 563: 6574: 2512:

in which he still relied on already outdated and discredited theories and authors, such as the Thracian origin theory of

1539:. The religious tensions only grew when Matas Andriukaitis, a Lithuanian, accidentally shot himself with Šliūpas' gun on 3085: 2755: 2600: 2443: 2160: 1571: 775:

to investigate the possibility of publishing a Lithuanian-language periodical – the printing of Lithuanian texts in the

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in Lithuania, Šliūpas and Dembskis organized a protest in Shenandoah during which they publicly denounced not only the

6886: 2668:, Šliūpas sister-in-law was deported to Siberia and he received a warning that his own family was on a deportee list. 2274:

ordered Šliūpas to pay the loan, 6% annual interest, and court costs in 1933. Unable to pay, he appealed to President

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on 16 June 1884. He did not speak English and tried assorted jobs for a few months until he established contacts with

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which advocated Catholic ideas and unity among Polish and Lithuanian immigrants in the historic tradition of the old

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and Catholic clergy concluding that Lithuania wants to be politically independent. He also translated and published

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of land and decided to educated all three sons. In summer 1868, his uncle Aloyzas took Šliūpas to live with him in

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in which he called Smetona a hot-head and power-hungry. On 23 November 1935, during a military celebration at the

1476: 6254: 2497: 1871: 1989: 1956:

The foundation of the Lithuanian National League of America delegated Šliūpas to visit Russia. He departed from

1887: 1355: 1254: 515: 460:Šliūpas anti-religious and pro-socialist views grew stronger and louder. He published socialist weekly magazine 445: 2468: 2301: 2011:Šliūpas remained in Stockholm until May 1918. During that time he published two political booklets, Lithuanian 1582: 1544: 1453: 1364: 1275: 473: 363: 6453:"Lietuvių išeivių leidyba Jungtinėse Amerikos Valstijose XIX a. pabaigoje - XX a. viduryje: adresato problema" 2485: 1811:

In 1909, Šliūpas published the last third volume of the history of Lithuania that covered the period from the

1674:

But he did not entirely abandon Lithuanian nationalist causes. In 1897, he translated and published a work by

1398: 1306:(Lithuanians and Poles) to explain his ideology on the Polish–Lithuanian question. In this work, he cited the 709:

claimed that this group inspired him to begin working for the Lithuanian causes. He also became interested in

480:(including three-volume history of Lithuania in 1904–1909). He organized Lithuanian miners in response to the 6428: 2220: 511: 214: 2924: 2893: 2533: 2336: 1747: 1719: 1213: 1188: 843: 439: 6677: 6205: 2246:

where he headed local branches of the Trade and Industry Bank. As a banker, he organized completion of the

1318:. Loosely interpreting the history of Lithuania, he denounced the exploitation of the Lithuanian people by 3097: 2820: 2764: 2687:

which was increased to 200 in 1942) and had difficulties obtaining basic food items. He communicated with

2645: 1671:, and published articles in Polish press calling for a unity among all nations oppressed by the Russians. 1616: 1548: 1499: 1457: 1282:. The Catholic camp responded by organizing the Alliance of All Lithuanian Catholic Societies of America ( 1249: 1222: 1217: 921: 813: 792: 714: 579: 389: 6841: 2847: 2739: 2489: 1040: 982:

as a historical and literary periodical which would showcase the greatness of Lithuania's history, raise

6382: 2747: 2693: 2058: 2035: 1279: 1147: 1135: 898: 453:

which was active until 1896. To secure means of making a decent living, Šliūpas studied medicine at the

2513: 2312: 2177: 2040: 1883: 1683: 1368: 1011: 963: 621: 598: 2149: 1682:. He published a 278-page work on the origins of Lithuanians (he followed the discredited theories of 1363:

struggled and appeared irregularly. Hoping to increase the readership, Šliūpas moved from New York to

817: 719: 602: 6937: 6932: 2688: 2656:

stopped by Šliūpas home in Palanga when he tried to flee abroad. Unlike many Lithuanian periodicals,

2251: 2247: 2191:

but Lithuania refused to provide aid and Lithuania avoided establishing diplomatic contacts with the

2075: 2005: 1882:. Tumas-Vaižgantas famously said to Šliūpas, "Jonas, I love you, but I burn your writings." In 1913, 1679: 1491: 1343: 1131: 987: 917: 780: 644: 640: 498: 477: 393: 2124:. He arrived to London on 4 February 1919. He delivered speeches on Lithuania's independence to the 6729: 3101: 3089: 2627: 2545: 2344: 2174: 1743: 1644: 1528: 1267: 1193: 890: 784: 682: 636: 485: 408: 2286: 1152: 994:

not to alienate the majority Catholic population. In five months, Šliūpas edited twelve issues of

349: 6523: 6487: 2706: 2626:– his daughter Aldona helped organizing the Lithuanian exhibition. He arrived to New York aboard 2501: 2422: 2332: 2092: 2046: 2001: 1844: 1751: 1675: 1462: 1339: 1302:

In 1887, faced with constant criticism and attacks, Šliūpas published a Polish-language brochure

1201: 1145:

who owned a small printing shop and was the publisher of the first Lithuanian American newspaper

749: 584: 2826: 2434: 2182: 1424:

than a proper history of Lithuanian literature. In 1891, together with Burba, Šliūpas published

1347: 768: 685:

which Šliūpas credited in his memoirs for laying the foundations for his lifelong dedication to

571: 548: 58: 6654: 6407: 6354: 2390:

Caricature of Šliūpas and his lobbying efforts on civil registration published in December 1938

2386: 869:(attempted to publish in Geneva, but unfinished due to lack of funds; a copy was later kept by 6895: 6856: 6821: 6793: 6766: 6744: 6716: 6692: 6662: 6641: 6614: 6597: 6502: 6474: 6394: 6369: 6341: 6314: 6286: 6269: 6220: 6160: 3093: 2862:Šliūpas wrote four autobiographies. The first was written in 1903 for the 20th anniversary of 2759: 2680: 2481: 2267: 2154: 2066: 1840: 1636: 1612: 1600: 1441:. Edited by Šliūpas, the magazine could not avoid his anti-religious and pro-socialist views. 1059:. Šliūpas wrote a memorandum asking to lift the press ban and discussed it with several other 1035: 866: 856: 822: 788: 764: 737: 733: 690: 673:

and contributed Lithuanian folktales to its publications. He also read Polish translations of

656: 652: 628: 481: 416: 404: 132: 69: 6329: 2970:

Aušra Society (to provide financial support for Lithuanian students) – treasurer in 1904–1912

2255: 1140: 384:(6 March 1861 – 6 November 1944) was a prominent and prolific Lithuanian activist during the 6464: 2665: 2577: 2509: 2447: 2366: 2339:; he received the third honorary doctorate in law in 1939. From fall 1924, Šliūpas became a 2232: 1977: 1929: 1875: 1860: 1828: 1782: 1664: 1586: 1468: 1115: 986:, and promote education as means to lift oneself from poverty and oppression – i.e. promote 882: 745: 706: 531: 518:. Most of these investments were lost when the bank failed in 1927. He served as a mayor of 1769:(True and Fake Saints) in 1907. The work critically examined the lives of Catholic martyrs 1373: 423:

were cut short when was imprisoned for participating in a student riot in 1882. He fled to

2743: 2717: 2661: 2541: 2517: 2429: 2327:. Šliūpas was asked to refrain from anti-religious comments, but he resigned and moved to 2275: 2084: 1937: 1812: 1540: 1536: 1335: 1319: 1234: 1192:(The Lithuanian Voice). At the same time he established the Friends of Lithuania Society ( 1052: 941: 933: 878: 870: 804: 729: 469: 397: 3121:, provide that he received the second honorary degree in history in 1925 and not in 1923. 1087:) to Germany, but the police found a missing stamp in his passport. Šliūpas then fled to 6184: 449:

in response to Šliūpas' anti-Catholic and anti-Polish rhetoric. Šliūpas established the

2653: 2496:. In the foreword, he explained that the second edition was prompted by the scandal of 2476: 2324: 2121: 2080: 2020: 1941: 1852: 1848: 1805: 1786: 1315: 1064: 776: 725: 468:(1910–1914), various mainly translated texts promoting freethought and publicizing the 73: 1796: 6926: 6469: 6452: 6311:

Nationalism and Historiography: The Case of Nineteenth-Century Lithuanian Historicism

2537: 2320: 2192: 2169: 2054: 1957: 1631:(established in 1896) and discussed the possibility of representing Lithuania at the 1331: 1163: 1127: 951: 852: 808: 666: 2660:

was not abolished by the new communist regime but Šliūpas was replaced as editor by

2446:

in attendance. In April 1939, he wrote a letter to the government of Prime Minister

2199:, Latvian Foreign Minister. He resigned in December 1919 and returned to Lithuania. 6611:

Mykolas Biržiška: patrioto, mokslininko, kultūrininko gyvenimo ir veiklos pėdsakais

6585: 2788: 2698: 2676: 2634: 2592: 2375: 2340: 1532: 1438: 1421: 1327: 1171: 955: 772: 771:

writing to them not in Russian, but in Lithuanian. In summer 1882, Šliūpas visited

617: 424: 2315:. As an educator, he organized public lectures and attended local meetings of the 873:). In spring 1883, he was invited by count Nikolay Zubov to teach at his manor in 832: 559: 553: 63: 30: 1551:. There, he settled in a Jewish neighborhood and primarily served workers of the 1475:

in 1891, brokered by Burba, Šliūpas publicly made peace with Juozas Paukštys and

1158:

in 1879–1880. Together they established the Lithuanian-language weekly newspaper

415:, promotion of science, and criticism of the Catholic Church. His studies at the 411:

that he later credited for laying the foundations for his lifelong dedication to

2855: 2751: 2553: 2409: 2243: 2215: 2088: 1918: 1907: 1836: 1824: 1774: 1590: 1524: 1091:

and was smuggled by two fishermen in their boat to East Prussia. He traveled to

1068: 1028: 991: 828: 686: 632: 493: 412: 400:

made him highly controversial and unpopular among the conservative Lithuanians.

2270:

for a guarantee of 25,000 litas loan taken by the Trade and Industry Bank. The

6659:

Biographical Dictionary of Central and Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century

2684: 2584: 2573: 2525: 2145: 1084: 959: 698: 689:. He graduated the gymnasium with top grades in 1880 and continued studies at 6860: 6825: 6797: 6748: 6720: 6696: 6645: 6601: 6506: 6478: 6398: 6373: 6345: 6330:"Degęs Dievo ir Tėvynės meile. Kun. Antano Miluko 140-osioms gimimo metinėms" 6273: 6224: 6164: 2710: 2615: 2260: 2224: 2165: 2141: 2137: 1969: 1968:). He was accompanied by his eldest daughter Aldona who volunteered for the 1429: 1387: 1205: 1056: 710: 575: 6290: 5994: 5992: 3084:

The requirement for fundamental human rights was mostly fulfilled when the

2405: 2239: 1527:

which vulgarly attacked the Church. On 28 January 1894, in response to the

2015:(Lithuanian–Latvian Republic and the Union of Nordic Nations) and English 978:

for his final approval, but that was impractical. Basanavičius envisioned

924:, began publishing his own socialist brochure, and wrote another brochure 3131: 2879: 2428:Šliūpas was an outspoken critic of the authoritarian regime of President 2362: 2292: 2290:Šliūpas on a Lithuanian postage stamp issued for the 50th anniversary of 2133: 1993: 1985: 1961: 1691: 1230: 1170:

and started working on organizing a separate Lithuanian parish to combat

946: 861: 661: 590: 567: 429: 1216:, who arrived in June 1885. They managed to get a confirmation from the 1204:

was difficult to understand for Lithuanians that mainly hailed from the

6678:"Aušrininko dr. Jono Šliūpo archyvas Šiaulių universiteto bibliotekoje" 2798: 2784:

Map of the proposed Lithuania–Latvia state published by Šliūpas in 1915

2596: 2588: 2540:

that argued against the notion that the Church preserved and built the

2353: 2228: 2214:), was organized to provide passenger and cargo transportation via the 2129: 2112:

Lithuanian representatives in London (Šliūpas sitting second from left)

1895: 1856: 1778: 1695: 1687: 1307: 1092: 1088: 1076: 519: 6522:(in Lithuanian). Regionų kultūrinių iniciatyvų centras. Archived from 6408:"J. Šliūpo Niujorko universiteto Medicinos fakulteto baigimo diplomas" 2416:(Free Thought) in November 1933 and continued to edit it up until the 1866:Šliūpas supported two Lithuanian fundraising drives. In 1911, priests 2735: 2721: 2467:(2nd class in 1928, 1st class in 1936). He also received the Latvian 2371: 2328: 1973: 1879: 1472: 971: 913: 874: 842:

to study natural science. At the same time, hoping that the new Tsar

613: 594: 91: 6558:"The 150 Year Anniversary of the Birth of Jonas Šliūpas (1861–1944)" 2278:. Eventually, Bank of Lithuania seized Titnagas to cover the debts. 1964:

on 26 April 1916 (crossing the Atlantic Ocean was unsafe due to the

1827:

and was primarily devoted to science. It published many articles on

502:). In 1919, Šliūpas briefly represented Lithuania in London, at the 1777:

and contrasted them with four biographies of "martyrs of science" (

1558:

In January 1894, he began publishing the socialist weekly magazine

950:, the first Lithuanian-language newspaper published in Ragnit (now 2787: 2779: 2563: 2385: 2285: 1947: 1819:(1795). In January 1910, he began publishing the monthly magazine 1795: 1397: 1114: 1027:

attracting attention from the German police which saw elements of

937: 760: 2300:

In 1922–1923, Šliūpas taught hygiene and world literature at the

1952:Šliūpas (sitting on the left) at the Stockholm conference in 1917 791:

on the history of Lithuania which was kept at the library of the

6765:(in Lithuanian). Šiauliai: Šiaulių "Aušros" muziejaus leidykla. 6438:(in Lithuanian). Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania 6414:(in Lithuanian). Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania 6149:"Lietuvos Respublikos prekybinio laivyno raida 1921–1936 metais" 2716:

In October 1944, Šliūpas decided to flee Lithuania ahead of the

1981: 1890:

collected funds for the construction of the headquarters of the

1067:. Šliūpas was the only one who dared to sign it and bring it to 736:

suffering from political repressions. In Moscow, he visited the

514:

and other business ventures, many established by his son-in-law

2508:, but the sentence was upheld. In 1932, he wrote a work on the 2474:Šliūpas continued to write and publish various works. In 1928, 1285:

Susivienijimas visų draugysčių katalikiškų lietuviškų Amerikoje

388:. For 35 years, he lived in the United States working to build 6993:

Recipients of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas

6304:(Master's thesis) (in Lithuanian). Vytautas Magnus University. 5303: 612:

but was not admitted due to lack of vacancies. While visiting

5583: 5581: 4093: 4091: 2724:

aboard a German train. He was invited by the Lithuanian Aid (

2412:

in 1922 and 1924. Šliūpas became editor of the reestablished

6427:

Matusevičienė, Nijolė; Stankevičienė, Janina (April 2016b).

6406:

Matusevičienė, Nijolė; Stankevičienė, Janina (April 2016a).

5940: 5938: 3595: 3593: 3134:

as Lithuania celebrated his 500th death anniversary in 1930.

2697:, and even floated an idea of a special commission to visit 627:

Finally, Šliūpas was admitted to a preparatory class of the

5998: 4208: 3895: 3893: 3856: 3854: 3841: 3839: 3520: 3518: 3001:

International College of Midwifery – president in 1912–1915

2648:

who was a member of the Society of Ethical Culture) to the

2599:. He also attended the 25th anniversary celebration of the 2484:. In 1929, he wrote and published a historical work on the 893:, but was not admitted due to his prior arrest. Faced with 651:, began writing Lithuanian texts (translations of texts by 457:

and started a successful private medical practice in 1891.

6613:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla. 5841: 5839: 5406: 5404: 5167: 5165: 5163: 4874: 4872: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4522: 4520: 1898:. Yčas later married Šliūpas' youngest daughter Hypatija. 1221:

early 1886 when he moved to a Polish–Lithuanian parish in

6436:

Dr. Jonas Šliūpas: lietuvių tauta kitąkart ir šiandien...

6412:

Dr. Jonas Šliūpas: lietuvių tauta kitąkart ir šiandien...

6285:(in Lithuanian). Chicago: Akademinės skautijos leidykla. 5979: 5977: 5610: 5608: 5544: 5542: 5433: 5431: 5391: 5389: 4823: 4821: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4279: 4277: 3028:) – founder in 1918, society active until 1922 in Chicago 1643:

in 1904. He was a leader of Lithuanian miners during the

1237:

and she got a job at a Lithuanian-owned sewing workshop.

4180: 4178: 3958: 3956: 3718: 3716: 3346: 3344: 3271: 3269: 2208:), later known as the Lithuanian Steamship Corporation ( 2065:) over theirs plans for a Polish–Lithuanian state. When 1718:

was established only in May 1905 after the start of the

1633:

International Socialist Workers and Trade Union Congress

6206:"Prisiminkime tautos budintoją Joną Šliūpą (1861–1944)" 2874:Šliūpas edited the following newspapers and magazines: 2432:. Already in February 1927, he published an article in 2128:

as well as Lithuanian immigrant communities in London,

1448:

in April 1901. He opened a private medical practice in

6963:

Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States

6911:"Pusę kurorto nušlavęs gaisras pakeitė Palangos veidą" 6730:"Palangos etapas dr. Jono Šliūpo veikloje ir gyvenime" 5376: 5374: 5372: 2603:

near Chicago and the 50th anniversary congress of the

1972:. Šliūpas visited Lithuanian refugees and evacuees in 1847:). Šliūpas contributed biographical articles (e.g. on 1627:Šliūpas established contacts with the founders of the 6488:"Dr. Jonas Šliūpas ir "Titnago" spaustuvė Šiauliuose" 6255:"1918 m.: sausio 3 ir vasario 16 Lietuvos istorijoje" 6234:"J. Šliūpas – modernaus Lietuvos valstybingumo tėvas" 3433: 3431: 2404:), a society to promote freethought in Lithuania, in 1932:

arrived to United States to collect donation for the

1817:

Third Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

1585:

were fundamentally incompatible. The book included a

920:. Šliūpas established contacts with Polish socialist 6630:"Ankstyvoji Amerikos lietuvių išeivija ir jų spauda" 3160: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3130:

The name Vytautas was chosen in honor of Grand Duke

2319:. In early 1924, Šliūpas had a stomach operation in 1945:

Catholics and six (including Šliūpas) nationalists.

1326:, a historical-political drama by the German writer 679:

History of the Conflict Between Religion and Science

2732:

Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories

2644:in June 1940, Šliūpas was invited (most likely via 2120:invited him to the United Kingdom on behalf of the 2029:

Essay on the Past, Present, and Future of Lithuania

2017:

Essay on the Past, Present, and Future of Lithuania

2013:

Lietuvių-latvių respublika ir Šiaurės Tautų Sąjunga

1589:as well as articles describing the vulgar and dark 974:. Basanavičius wanted Šliūpas to send all texts of 356: 345: 290: 269: 259: 223: 202: 194: 156: 125: 117: 109: 99: 80: 44: 21: 1934:Lithuanian Society for the Relief of War Sufferers 1426:Bestiality of the Russian Czardom toward Lithuania 877:. He applied to different Russian universities in 443:. Soon, Pennsylvania Lithuanians began publishing 6383:"Jono Šliūpo pastabos apie Nepriklausomą Lietuvą" 675:History of the Intellectual Development of Europe 6988:University of Maryland School of Medicine alumni 3044: 3032: 3023: 3014: 3005: 2993: 2984: 2962: 2953: 2941: 2932: 2399: 2209: 2203: 1996:and instead traveled to Stockholm to attend the 1912: 1874:collected donations for the headquarters of the 1699: 1415: 1406:(Lithuanian Texts and Writers) published in 1890 1283: 1278:, with a goal to unite all Lithuanians under an 1248:In February 1886, two Lithuanian businessmen in 6968:Members of the Socialist Labor Party of America 6657:. In Roszkowski, Wojciech; Kofman, Jan (eds.). 6301:"Vienybės lietuvininkų" istorija (1886-1920 m.) 2572:Together with his wife and son, he sailed from 1452:but quickly returned to Baltimore and moved to 940:to become a farmer, but received an offer from 574:and later became a priest. His father owned 36 488:and unsuccessfully ran in the elections to the 4950: 3049:) – founder in 1923, society active until 1941 3019:) – founder in 1914, society active until 1943 2967:) – founder in 1900, society active until 1910 2958:) – founder in 1889, society active until 1896 2946:) – founder in 1886, society active until 1888 2937:) – founder in 1885, society active until 1888 2394:Šliūpas established the first chapters of the 1051:, raised the issue of the Lithuanian press in 783:. He stopped in Kaunas and stayed with priest 534:in October 1944 and died suddenly in Germany. 6870:"1922 m. įkurto universiteto garbės daktarai" 6868:Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas (8 May 2012). 5587: 2964:Lietuvių laisvamanių susivienijimas Amerikoje 2961:Union of Lithuanian Freethinkers in America ( 2720:. Together with his wife and son, he reached 2311:and Lithuanian and English literature at the 2238:In 1922–1923, Šliūpas split his time between 1701:Lietuvių laisvamanių susivienijimas Amerikoje 1410:On 22 December 1889, Šliūpas established the 1034:Šliūpas visited Kaunas where he learned that 8: 6973:Academic staff of Vytautas Magnus University 4863: 2725: 2465:Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas 2450:, which he managed to get published only in 1509:Trumpa peržvalga lietuvystės darbų Amerikoje 1394:Founder of the Lithuanian Scientific Society 370:Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas 5956: 5154: 4499: 2792:A letter written by Šliūpas in October 1935 2159:in mid-April 1919, Šliūpas departed to the 2091:preparing for a post-war peace conference, 2049:established by the Czechoslovak politician 1988:for a longer time, visiting his son-in-law 1940:and other Lithuanians petitioned President 1262:in response to anti-clergy and anti-Polish 601:. A year later, he passed the exams at the 570:(died in 1430). His uncle Aloyzas attended 464:(1894–1896), freethrought monthly magazine 6058: 6046: 6034: 6010: 5944: 5905: 5449: 3548: 3386: 2459:– many officials, including rector of the 2079:on 29 August 1918. Šliūpas also contacted 2000:which approved the resolutions adopted by 1649:Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district 1006:with suspicion if not outright hostility. 966:, who previously had editorial control of 912:In fall 1883, Šliūpas decided to leave to 335: 1929⁠–⁠1944) 29: 18: 6849:Acta humanitarica universitatis Saulensis 6737:Acta humanitarica universitatis Saulensis 6539:Paluckienė, Virginija (4 November 2022). 6495:Acta humanitarica universitatis Saulensis 6468: 6362:Acta humanitarica universitatis Saulensis 6118: 6106: 6094: 6082: 5231: 5219: 5207: 3536: 3118: 2943:Susivienijimas visų lietuvninkų Amerikoje 2915:(Free Thought) in 1910–1914 and 1933–1940 2618:. Šliūpas promoted the activities of the 1742:In 1905, Šliūpas became treasurer of the 1562:(The New Era). It was first published in 1384:University of Maryland School of Medicine 1272:Susivienijimas visų lietuvninkų Amerikoje 1021:relationship between Poland and Lithuania 998:. He introduced some socialist themes to 831:). Back in Lithuania, Šliūpas stopped in 795:. In Prussia, he met with members of the 744:, listened to debates between professors 547:Šliūpas was born in a well-off family in 455:University of Maryland School of Medicine 143:University of Maryland School of Medicine 6429:"Kultūra • Mokslas • Valstybė • Ateitis" 6355:"Jonas Šliūpas Latvijoje (1919–1920 m.)" 6328:Krikštaponis, Vilmantas (15 June 2011). 5461: 4133: 4109: 4046: 3962: 3935: 3088:was adopted in April. It guaranteed the 3041:Freethinkers' Society of Ethical Culture 2940:Alliance of All Lithuanians in America ( 2620:Freethinkers' Society of Ethical Culture 2396:Freethinkers' Society of Ethical Culture 2352:couple moved to his new wife's hometown 2223:, oil pressing company Ringuva, brewery 2116:According to Šliūpas memoirs, professor 2107: 1490:respectively – the three men went for a 524:Freethinkers' Society of Ethical Culture 282:Freethinkers' Society of Ethical Culture 6579:(PhD Thesis). Georgia State University. 6381:Laurinavičius, Česlovas (21 May 2011). 6313:. New York: Columbia University Press. 6130: 5999:Matusevičienė & Stankevičienė 2016b 5968: 5929: 5917: 5893: 5881: 5857: 5845: 5818: 5794: 5782: 5770: 5758: 5746: 5734: 5722: 5710: 5698: 5686: 5674: 5662: 5650: 5638: 5626: 5614: 5572: 5560: 5548: 5533: 5521: 5509: 5485: 5473: 5437: 5422: 5410: 5395: 5363: 5351: 5339: 5327: 5315: 5291: 5279: 5267: 5195: 5183: 5171: 5142: 5130: 5118: 5094: 5082: 5070: 5046: 5034: 5022: 4998: 4986: 4962: 4926: 4914: 4902: 4878: 4851: 4839: 4812: 4800: 4788: 4776: 4764: 4752: 4740: 4728: 4716: 4704: 4692: 4680: 4668: 4639: 4627: 4615: 4603: 4591: 4579: 4567: 4555: 4526: 4511: 4487: 4475: 4463: 4451: 4439: 4427: 4415: 4403: 4391: 4379: 4367: 4343: 4331: 4307: 4295: 4283: 4268: 4256: 4244: 4232: 4220: 4209:Matusevičienė & Stankevičienė 2016a 4196: 4169: 4157: 4145: 4121: 4097: 4082: 4070: 4058: 4034: 4022: 4010: 3998: 3986: 3974: 3947: 3923: 3899: 3884: 3872: 3860: 3845: 3830: 3818: 3806: 3794: 3770: 3758: 3746: 3734: 3722: 3707: 3695: 3683: 3671: 3659: 3635: 3623: 3611: 3584: 3572: 3524: 3509: 3497: 3485: 3473: 3461: 3449: 3422: 3410: 3398: 3374: 3350: 3335: 3323: 3311: 3299: 3287: 3260: 3248: 3236: 3224: 3212: 3200: 3188: 3176: 3146: 3059: 3022:Federation of Lithuanian Freethinkers ( 3013:Lithuanian National League of America ( 1502:. Šliūpas even contributed articles to 1227:Capuchin Church of St. John the Baptist 1168:St. Stanislaus Bishop and Martyr Church 1095:and on 28 May 1884 sailed to New York. 781:banned in the Russian Empire since 1864 314: 1885; died 1928) 6541:"Palangos miesto savivaldai – 90 metų" 6232:Garškaitė, Rosita (29 December 2014). 6070: 6022: 5983: 5869: 5830: 5806: 5599: 5497: 5380: 5255: 5106: 5010: 4974: 4938: 4827: 4656: 4538: 4355: 4319: 4184: 3782: 3647: 3599: 3560: 3437: 3362: 3275: 3164: 3114: 2317:Lithuanian Evangelical Reformed Church 2063:Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Poland 1653:United States House of Representatives 659:), subscribed to Lithuanian newspaper 490:United States House of Representatives 6609:Pšibilskis, Vygintas Bronius (2009). 2974:Lithuanian Socialist Party of America 2652:, but refused. Former Prime Minister 2637:. Šliūpas hurried back to Lithuania. 1998:Lithuanian conference in October 1917 1709:Lithuanian Socialist Party of America 1446:New York Post-Graduate Medical School 1312:Proletarians of all countries, unite! 838:In fall 1882, Šliūpas transferred to 243:Lithuanian Socialist Party of America 148:New York Post-Graduate Medical School 7: 5243: 5058: 4890: 3911: 3046:Laisvamanių etinės kultūros draugija 2986:Amerikos lietuvių socialistų sąjunga 2568:Šliūpas (sitting) in Chicago in 1936 2401:Laisvamanių etinės kultūros draugija 1923:Lithuania in Retrospect and Prospect 1728:Social Democratic Party of Lithuania 1647:. Šliūpas unsuccessfully ran in the 1629:Social Democratic Party of Lithuania 1055:which included Lithuanian-inhabited 840:Saint Petersburg Imperial University 421:Saint Petersburg Imperial University 138:Saint Petersburg Imperial University 6842:"Jonas Šliūpas ir LSDP 1896 metais" 5304:Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas 2012 3010:) – chairman of a committee in 1912 2897:(The Lithuanian Voice) in 1885–1889 2019:. He sent memorandums to President 1404:Lietuviškieji raštai ir raštininkai 1314:" but did not adopt the concept of 1038:, editor of the Russian edition of 6894:(in Lithuanian). Kaunas: Candela. 6676:Šalavėjienė, Alina (15 May 2015). 6573:Perrin, Charles C. (Summer 2013). 6204:Bendikienė, Sigutė (20 May 2016). 2992:Union of Lithuanian Freethinkers ( 2671:In June 1941, at the start of the 2633:three days before the outbreak of 1659:in 1896 and as a candidate of the 1593:, praising the ideas of equality ( 1338:nobleman and an instigator of the 901:, Šliūpas decided to flee abroad. 14: 6782:"Dr. Jonas Šliūpas — aušrininkas" 6514:Palangytė, Jurga (29 July 2014). 3016:Amerikos lietuvių tautinė sandara 2754:and his ashes were buried at the 2335:in medicine and history from the 1914:Amerikos lietuvių tautinė sandara 1686:that Lithuanians hailed from the 1359:for subscribers and advertisers, 984:Lithuanian national consciousness 763:. He corresponded with linguists 705:(Dawn). In his memoirs, linguist 484:in September 1897 and during the 6909:Ziabkus, Alvydas (10 May 2018). 6543:(in Lithuanian). Palangos tiltas 6520:Žemaitijos muziejų, parkų kelias 6470:10.15388/Knygotyra.2016.67.10175 3031:Lithuanian Executive Committee ( 2903:(The Enlightenment) in 1892–1893 2650:People's Government of Lithuania 2550:The Evolution of the Idea of God 2331:. In February 1923, he received 2205:Lietuvos laivininkystės bendrovė 1831:, many of them translated (e.g. 1641:International Socialist Congress 787:while he copied a manuscript by 300:Liudmila Malinauskaitė-Šliūpienė 237:Socialist Labor Party of America 6556:Perrin, Charles (15 May 2011). 6253:Grigaravičiūtė, Sandra (1999). 6183:Bačėnė, Edita (25 March 2017). 3025:Lietuvių laisvamanių federacija 2522:A History of Freedom of Thought 1669:Polish National Catholic Church 701:irregular Lithuanian newspaper 332: 311: 6983:Moscow State University alumni 6185:"Ne dėl garbės, o dėl tėvynės" 2931:Friends of Lithuania Society ( 2673:German occupation of Lithuania 2642:Soviet occupation of Lithuania 2605:Lithuanian Alliance of America 2492:. In 1930, he republished his 2418:Soviet occupation of Lithuania 1992:. Šliūpas could not visit the 1756:Lithuanian Alliance of America 1635:in London. In response to the 1486:, the publisher and editor of 1467:, a former participant in the 1290:Lithuanian Alliance of America 1260:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 647:. He read historical works by 1: 6978:Mayors of places in Lithuania 6807:"Jono Šliūpo autobiografijos" 6653:Roszkowski, Wojciech (2016). 6584:Piročkinas, Arnoldas (1987). 2950:Lithuanian Scientific Society 2691:, the General Counsel of the 2440:Vytautas the Great War Museum 1892:Lithuanian Scientific Society 1587:scientific biography of Jesus 1553:Dickson Manufacturing Company 1412:Lithuanian Scientific Society 970:and who at the time lived in 936:and was about to emigrate to 713:, establishing contacts with 451:Lithuanian Scientific Society 277:Lithuanian Scientific Society 6943:Lithuanian newspaper editors 6840:Vyšniauskas, Arūnas (2011). 6586:"Ką pasakoja senas laiškas?" 6451:Misiūnas, Remigijus (2016). 3086:Russian Constitution of 1906 2995:Lietuvių laisvamanių sąjunga 2756:Lithuanian National Cemetery 2601:Lithuanian National Cemetery 2516:or the dubious mythology of 2444:Lithuanian Nationalist Union 1596:Liberté, égalité, fraternité 1572:proletarian internationalism 1477:Juozas Andziulaitis-Kalnėnas 848:Ministry of Internal Affairs 742:Russian Geographical Society 322:Grasilda Grauslytė-Šliūpienė 104:Lithuanian National Cemetery 6309:Krapauskas, Virgil (2000). 6147:Adomavičius, Romas (2011). 2934:Lietuvos mylėtojų draugystė 2920:Organizations and societies 2211:Lietuvos garlaivių bendrovė 2189:West Russian Volunteer Army 2126:Union of Democratic Control 1833:A Picture Book of Evolution 1738:Nationalist and freethinker 1732:Lithuanian Democratic Party 1724:Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas 1577:In 1895, Šliūpas published 1079:). There he got engaged to 797:Lithuanian Literary Society 740:, attended meetings of the 671:Lithuanian Literary Society 386:Lithuanian National Revival 264:Lithuanian National Revival 7014: 6888:Iš Agaro krašto: 1885–1941 6805:Vanagaitė, Gitana (2009). 6756:Šliūpas, Vytautas (2000). 6715:(1049). 19 December 1936. 3004:Lithuanian Press Society ( 2909:(The New Era) in 1894–1896 2544:(both in 1937), a work by 2504:. Šliūpas appealed to the 2494:Tikri ir netikri šventieji 2461:Vytautas Magnus University 2083:, the Secretary of State, 1767:Tikri ir netikri šventieji 1564:Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania 1198:Lietuvos mylėtojų draugija 1176:Constitution of 3 May 1791 1073:Governor-General of Warsaw 1009:When the Polish newspaper 990:with careful additions of 865:) and a socialist work on 210:Vytautas Magnus University 6486:Nekrašius, Jonas (2011). 6298:Jonaitis, Marius (2011). 3476:, pp. 34, 37, 42–43. 3113:Many other sources, e.g. 3037:) – vice-chairman in 1918 3007:Lietuvių spaudos draugija 2955:Lietuvių mokslo draugystė 2502:suspended prison sentence 2302:Saulė Gymnasium in Biržai 2053:. There, he clashed with 1994:German-occupied Lithuania 1456:in spring 1892. In 1892, 1417:Lietuvių mokslo draugystė 1378:, former collaborator in 669:, became a member of the 28: 6998:Inmates of Kresty Prison 6759:Tėvas, kokį aš prisimenu 6353:Kvašytė, Regina (2011). 6281:Jakštas, Juozas (1979). 5833:, pp. 169–172, 183. 4478:, pp. 148–149, 356. 4418:, pp. 154, 159–160. 4259:, pp. 125–127, 136. 2713:incurably ill patients. 2486:Reformation in Lithuania 2469:Order of the Three Stars 2197:Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics 2104:Diplomat and businessman 2099:In independent Lithuania 2095:, the former president. 2025:Lithuania's independence 1771:Stanislaus of Szczepanów 1655:, as a candidate of the 1583:Christianity and science 1545:Pottsville, Pennsylvania 1365:Shenandoah, Pennsylvania 1276:Shenandoah, Pennsylvania 944:to become the editor of 803:), Lithuanian publisher 543:Early life and education 474:Christianity and science 407:, Šliūpas read works by 364:Order of the Three Stars 6958:Historians of Lithuania 6885:Yčas, Martynas (2009). 6780:Trumpa, Vincas (1991). 6728:Sireika, Jonas (2011). 6705:"Kaimuose ir miestuose" 6628:Puzinas, Jonas (1966). 6262:Istorija. Mokslo darbai 6153:Istorija. Mokslo darbai 2534:Joseph Estlin Carpenter 2337:University of Lithuania 2221:Trade and Industry Bank 1868:Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas 1748:Great Seimas of Vilnius 1274:) on 15 August 1886 in 1214:Independence, Wisconsin 1178:. Šliūpas responded in 844:Alexander III of Russia 649:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski 526:, edited reestablished 512:Trade and Industry Bank 215:Trade and Industry Bank 6516:"Jono Šliūpo muziejus" 3875:, pp. 75, 92, 97. 3045: 3033: 3024: 3015: 3006: 2994: 2985: 2963: 2954: 2942: 2933: 2793: 2785: 2727:Litauische Hilfsstelle 2726: 2569: 2560:World War II and death 2498:Konstantinas Olšauskas 2400: 2391: 2382:Freethinker and writer 2297: 2210: 2204: 2161:Paris Peace Conference 2113: 2071:Senate Majority Leader 2051:Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk 1953: 1913: 1872:Konstantinas Olšauskas 1808: 1700: 1617:scientific materialism 1549:Scranton, Pennsylvania 1500:Pittston, Pennsylvania 1416: 1407: 1284: 1271: 1250:Plymouth, Pennsylvania 1223:Freeland, Pennsylvania 1218:Archbishop of New York 1197: 1123: 1081:Liudmila Malinauskaitė 793:Kaunas Priest Seminary 504:Paris Peace Conference 390:national consciousness 6953:Lithuanian physicians 6948:Lithuanian socialists 3809:, pp. 71, 79–80. 2989:) – treasurer in 1905 2870:Editor of periodicals 2808:Iliustruotoji Lietuva 2791: 2783: 2748:Vaclovas Sidzikauskas 2694:Generalbezirk Litauen 2624:New York World's Fair 2567: 2536:(1926), two works by 2471:(2nd class) in 1932. 2389: 2289: 2111: 2059:Ignacy Jan Paderewski 1951: 1799: 1791:Kazimierz Łyszczyński 1661:Socialist Labor Party 1401: 1280:umbrella organization 1118: 899:Imperial Russian Army 562:on 6 March [ 5773:, pp. 265, 270. 5464:, p. 474 (647). 5330:, pp. 248, 254. 5270:, pp. 243, 246. 4582:, pp. 168, 192. 4570:, pp. 182, 186. 4394:, pp. 159, 163. 4073:, pp. 106, 108. 4061:, pp. 122, 124. 3090:freedoms of assembly 3034:Pildomasis komitetas 2894:Lietuviškasis balsas 2889:(Union) in 1884–1885 2542:Western civilization 2530:Comparative Religion 2457:Kaunas State Theatre 2248:narrow-gauge railway 2231:and invested 25,000 2076:Congressional Record 2006:Council of Lithuania 1720:revolution in Russia 1458:Vladislovas Dembskis 1361:Lietuviškasis balsas 1344:Konstancja Skirmuntt 1264:Lietuviškasis balsas 1189:Lietuviškasis balsas 1132:Lithuanian Americans 1110:Lietuviškasis balsas 988:romantic nationalism 926:Išganymas vargdienio 918:University of Geneva 715:Liudvikas Janavičius 499:Congressional Record 478:history of Lithuania 440:Lietuviškasis balsas 394:Lithuanian Americans 270:Board member of 6025:, pp. 250–251. 5920:, pp. 279–280. 5896:, pp. 277–278. 5884:, pp. 155–156. 5860:, pp. 271–272. 5821:, pp. 138–139. 5797:, pp. 270–271. 5749:, pp. 102–103. 5677:, pp. 257–259. 5641:, pp. 256–257. 5629:, pp. 252–253. 5575:, pp. 118–119. 5563:, pp. 262–263. 5536:, pp. 261–262. 5500:, pp. 235–236. 5342:, pp. 249–250. 5294:, pp. 247–248. 5282:, pp. 245–246. 5258:, pp. 229–230. 5234:, pp. 270–271. 5222:, pp. 267–268. 5210:, pp. 264–266. 5198:, pp. 244–245. 5145:, pp. 242–243. 5097:, pp. 237–238. 5073:, pp. 236–237. 5061:, pp. 370–372. 5049:, pp. 234–235. 5025:, pp. 233–234. 5013:, pp. 216–217. 4989:, pp. 230–231. 4965:, pp. 229–230. 4951:Grigaravičiūtė 1999 4941:, pp. 215–216. 4917:, pp. 220–221. 4905:, pp. 219–220. 4842:, pp. 211–212. 4803:, pp. 207–208. 4755:, pp. 199–202. 4743:, pp. 194–195. 4731:, pp. 192–193. 4707:, pp. 254–255. 4695:, pp. 178–179. 4683:, pp. 177–178. 4671:, pp. 176–177. 4630:, pp. 180–181. 4618:, pp. 170–171. 4606:, pp. 168–169. 4541:, pp. 196–198. 4466:, pp. 140–144. 4442:, pp. 161–162. 4382:, pp. 163–164. 4370:, pp. 158–159. 4334:, pp. 156–157. 4298:, pp. 145–146. 4235:, pp. 150–152. 4172:, pp. 138–140. 4100:, pp. 110–111. 4001:, pp. 113–114. 3989:, pp. 102–104. 3602:, pp. 182–183. 3179:, pp. 241–242. 2998:) – founder in 1910 2883:(Dawn) in 1883–1884 2840:Frankfurter Zeitung 2821:Lietuwißka Ceitunga 2765:Šiauliai University 2646:Mečislovas Gedvilas 2576:to New York aboard 2546:Robert G. Ingersoll 2506:Lithuanian Tribunal 2359:Robert Baden-Powell 2345:history of medicine 2333:honorary doctorates 2272:Lithuanian Tribunal 2118:James Young Simpson 2004:and recognized the 1804:with a monument of 1645:Coal strike of 1902 1607:, a translation of 1537:Presbyterian Church 1504:Vienybė lietuvninkų 1488:Vienybė lietuvninkų 1356:Vienybė lietuvninkų 1255:Vienybė lietuvninkų 1252:started publishing 1243:Vienybė lietuvninkų 1229:). They moved to a 1126:Šliūpas arrived to 1041:Dziennik Warszawski 962:, Šliūpas met with 922:Bolesław Limanowski 814:Lietuwißka Ceitunga 785:Antanas Baranauskas 683:John William Draper 637:Lithuanian language 616:, Šliūpas received 486:Coal strike of 1902 476:, and texts on the 446:Vienybė lietuvninkų 409:John William Draper 184:university lecturer 16:Lithuanian activist 5689:, pp. 51, 56. 5588:Laurinavičius 2011 5133:, pp. 74, 78. 3698:, pp. 64, 69. 3326:, pp. 28, 31. 2836:Dziennik Poznański 2794: 2786: 2718:advancing Red Army 2707:George R. Harrison 2570: 2514:Jonas Basanavičius 2423:civil registration 2392: 2313:Šiauliai Gymnasium 2298: 2282:Educator and mayor 2114: 2093:Theodore Roosevelt 2047:Mid-European Union 2036:Tomas Naruševičius 2002:Vilnius Conference 1954: 1902:During World War I 1884:Jonas Basanavičius 1845:Garrett P. Serviss 1809: 1752:fundamental rights 1684:Jonas Basanavičius 1676:Edmund Veckenstedt 1515:Socialist activist 1408: 1346:and translated by 1340:Great Northern War 1202:Samogitian dialect 1148:Gazieta lietuviška 1136:Mykolas Tvarauskas 1124: 1012:Dziennik Poznański 964:Jonas Basanavičius 759:on the origins of 622:Motiejus Valančius 599:Šiauliai Gymnasium 532:advancing Red Army 6901:978-9986-400-21-9 6851:(in Lithuanian). 6816:(in Lithuanian). 6788:(in Lithuanian). 6739:(in Lithuanian). 6711:(in Lithuanian). 6687:(in Lithuanian). 6668:978-0-7656-1027-0 6636:(in Lithuanian). 6592:(in Lithuanian). 6497:(in Lithuanian). 6459:(in Lithuanian). 6389:(in Lithuanian). 6364:(in Lithuanian). 6336:(in Lithuanian). 6283:Dr. Jonas Šliūpas 6264:(in Lithuanian). 6215:(in Lithuanian). 6155:(in Lithuanian). 5959:, pp. 11–12. 5476:, pp. 46–47. 5354:, pp. 18–19. 5121:, pp. 73–74. 5085:, pp. 69–70. 4953:, pp. 54–56. 4864:Krikštaponis 2011 3950:, pp. 94–95. 3938:, pp. 13–14. 3926:, pp. 91–92. 3902:, pp. 86–87. 3863:, pp. 89–90. 3848:, pp. 87–88. 3821:, pp. 81–82. 3773:, pp. 74–78. 3761:, pp. 72–73. 3749:, pp. 70–72. 3737:, pp. 69–70. 3710:, pp. 64–65. 3686:, pp. 63–64. 3674:, pp. 60–61. 3662:, pp. 58–59. 3638:, pp. 56–57. 3626:, pp. 54–56. 3614:, pp. 50–54. 3587:, pp. 49–50. 3527:, pp. 45–46. 3464:, pp. 36–37. 3452:, pp. 35–36. 3377:, pp. 31–32. 3338:, pp. 29–30. 3302:, pp. 40–41. 3290:, pp. 28–29. 3215:, pp. 22–23. 3203:, pp. 20–21. 2925:Michał Pius Römer 2760:Justice, Illinois 2689:Petras Kubiliūnas 2681:Jewish Bolshevism 2482:social inequality 2361:, founder of the 2268:Bank of Lithuania 2252:Povilas Jakubėnas 2178:Ladas Natkevičius 2067:Henry Cabot Lodge 1841:popular astronomy 1696:exiled to Siberia 1667:, founder of the 1637:Lattimer massacre 1601:French Revolution 1579:Tikyba ir mokslas 1523:by the anarchist 1369:Aleksandras Burba 1063:collaborators in 1036:Pyotr Shchebalsky 867:social inequality 857:Simonas Daukantas 811:), and editor of 789:Simonas Daukantas 765:Filipp Fortunatov 738:Rumyantsev Museum 734:Black Repartition 691:Moscow University 657:Thomas Mayne Reid 653:E. T. A. Hoffmann 506:, and in Latvia. 482:Lattimer massacre 417:Moscow University 379: 378: 195:Years active 133:Moscow University 70:Kovno Governorate 39:published in 1921 7005: 6918: 6917:(in Lithuanian). 6905: 6893: 6881: 6879: 6877: 6864: 6846: 6836: 6834: 6828:. Archived from 6811: 6801: 6776: 6764: 6752: 6734: 6724: 6700: 6682: 6672: 6649: 6624: 6605: 6580: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6535: 6533: 6531: 6510: 6492: 6482: 6472: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6433: 6423: 6421: 6419: 6402: 6377: 6359: 6349: 6324: 6305: 6294: 6277: 6259: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6228: 6210: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6179: 6177: 6176: 6167:. Archived from 6134: 6128: 6122: 6116: 6110: 6104: 6098: 6092: 6086: 6080: 6074: 6068: 6062: 6056: 6050: 6044: 6038: 6032: 6026: 6020: 6014: 6008: 6002: 5996: 5987: 5981: 5972: 5966: 5960: 5957:Šalavėjienė 2015 5954: 5948: 5942: 5933: 5927: 5921: 5915: 5909: 5903: 5897: 5891: 5885: 5879: 5873: 5867: 5861: 5855: 5849: 5843: 5834: 5828: 5822: 5816: 5810: 5804: 5798: 5792: 5786: 5780: 5774: 5768: 5762: 5756: 5750: 5744: 5738: 5732: 5726: 5720: 5714: 5708: 5702: 5696: 5690: 5684: 5678: 5672: 5666: 5660: 5654: 5648: 5642: 5636: 5630: 5624: 5618: 5612: 5603: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5576: 5570: 5564: 5558: 5552: 5546: 5537: 5531: 5525: 5519: 5513: 5507: 5501: 5495: 5489: 5483: 5477: 5471: 5465: 5459: 5453: 5447: 5441: 5435: 5426: 5420: 5414: 5408: 5399: 5393: 5384: 5378: 5367: 5361: 5355: 5349: 5343: 5337: 5331: 5325: 5319: 5313: 5307: 5301: 5295: 5289: 5283: 5277: 5271: 5265: 5259: 5253: 5247: 5241: 5235: 5229: 5223: 5217: 5211: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5187: 5181: 5175: 5169: 5158: 5155:Adomavičius 2011 5152: 5146: 5140: 5134: 5128: 5122: 5116: 5110: 5104: 5098: 5092: 5086: 5080: 5074: 5068: 5062: 5056: 5050: 5044: 5038: 5032: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5008: 5002: 4996: 4990: 4984: 4978: 4972: 4966: 4960: 4954: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4930: 4924: 4918: 4912: 4906: 4900: 4894: 4888: 4882: 4876: 4867: 4861: 4855: 4849: 4843: 4837: 4831: 4825: 4816: 4810: 4804: 4798: 4792: 4786: 4780: 4774: 4768: 4762: 4756: 4750: 4744: 4738: 4732: 4726: 4720: 4714: 4708: 4702: 4696: 4690: 4684: 4678: 4672: 4666: 4660: 4654: 4643: 4637: 4631: 4625: 4619: 4613: 4607: 4601: 4595: 4589: 4583: 4577: 4571: 4565: 4559: 4553: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4515: 4509: 4503: 4500:Vyšniauskas 2011 4497: 4491: 4485: 4479: 4473: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4443: 4437: 4431: 4425: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4401: 4395: 4389: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4353: 4347: 4341: 4335: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4311: 4305: 4299: 4293: 4287: 4281: 4272: 4266: 4260: 4254: 4248: 4242: 4236: 4230: 4224: 4218: 4212: 4206: 4200: 4194: 4188: 4182: 4173: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4137: 4131: 4125: 4119: 4113: 4107: 4101: 4095: 4086: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4056: 4050: 4044: 4038: 4032: 4026: 4020: 4014: 4008: 4002: 3996: 3990: 3984: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3960: 3951: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3888: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3849: 3843: 3834: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3804: 3798: 3792: 3786: 3780: 3774: 3768: 3762: 3756: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3720: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3693: 3687: 3681: 3675: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3651: 3645: 3639: 3633: 3627: 3621: 3615: 3609: 3603: 3597: 3588: 3582: 3576: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3546: 3540: 3534: 3528: 3522: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3477: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3453: 3447: 3441: 3435: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3396: 3390: 3384: 3378: 3372: 3366: 3360: 3354: 3348: 3339: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3291: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3186: 3180: 3174: 3168: 3162: 3135: 3128: 3122: 3111: 3105: 3082: 3076: 3073: 3067: 3064: 3048: 3036: 3027: 3018: 3009: 2997: 2988: 2982: 2966: 2957: 2945: 2936: 2848:Mykolas Biržiška 2844:Svensk Tidskrift 2740:Mykolas Biržiška 2729: 2666:June deportation 2613: 2510:Baltic mythology 2490:Radziwiłł family 2403: 2310: 2264: 2213: 2207: 2186: 2175:military attaché 2158: 2150:Vincas Čepinskis 2044: 1978:Saint Petersburg 1916: 1906:The outbreak of 1861:Francisco Ferrer 1829:natural sciences 1783:Michael Servetus 1764: 1717: 1703: 1680:Samogitian myths 1665:Franciszek Hodur 1609:Force and Matter 1529:Kražiai massacre 1485: 1469:Uprising of 1863 1466: 1419: 1377: 1304:Litwini i Polacy 1298: 1287: 1156: 1144: 1099:In United States 1049: 958:. On his way to 826: 818:Martynas Šernius 758: 746:Dmitry Ilovaysky 723: 707:Jonas Jablonskis 611: 603:Kaunas Gymnasium 588: 557: 427:where he edited 403:As a student at 336: 334: 315: 313: 251: 163:Newspaper editor 118:Other names 87: 67: 54: 52: 33: 19: 7013: 7012: 7008: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7003: 7002: 6923: 6922: 6921: 6908: 6902: 6891: 6884: 6875: 6873: 6872:(in Lithuanian) 6867: 6844: 6839: 6832: 6814:Žmogus ir žodis 6809: 6804: 6779: 6773: 6762: 6755: 6732: 6727: 6703: 6680: 6675: 6669: 6655:"Šliūpas Jonas" 6652: 6627: 6621: 6608: 6583: 6572: 6563: 6561: 6555: 6546: 6544: 6538: 6529: 6527: 6526:on 5 March 2016 6513: 6490: 6485: 6450: 6441: 6439: 6431: 6426: 6417: 6415: 6405: 6380: 6357: 6352: 6327: 6321: 6308: 6297: 6280: 6257: 6252: 6243: 6241: 6240:(in Lithuanian) 6238:Lietuvos žinios 6231: 6208: 6203: 6194: 6192: 6191:(in Lithuanian) 6182: 6174: 6172: 6146: 6142: 6137: 6129: 6125: 6117: 6113: 6105: 6101: 6093: 6089: 6081: 6077: 6069: 6065: 6059:Krapauskas 2000 6057: 6053: 6047:Krapauskas 2000 6045: 6041: 6035:Krapauskas 2000 6033: 6029: 6021: 6017: 6011:Krapauskas 2000 6009: 6005: 5997: 5990: 5982: 5975: 5967: 5963: 5955: 5951: 5945:Bendikienė 2016 5943: 5936: 5928: 5924: 5916: 5912: 5906:Pšibilskis 2009 5904: 5900: 5892: 5888: 5880: 5876: 5868: 5864: 5856: 5852: 5844: 5837: 5829: 5825: 5817: 5813: 5805: 5801: 5793: 5789: 5781: 5777: 5769: 5765: 5757: 5753: 5745: 5741: 5733: 5729: 5721: 5717: 5709: 5705: 5697: 5693: 5685: 5681: 5673: 5669: 5661: 5657: 5649: 5645: 5637: 5633: 5625: 5621: 5613: 5606: 5598: 5594: 5586: 5579: 5571: 5567: 5559: 5555: 5547: 5540: 5532: 5528: 5520: 5516: 5508: 5504: 5496: 5492: 5484: 5480: 5472: 5468: 5460: 5456: 5450:Paluckienė 2022 5448: 5444: 5436: 5429: 5421: 5417: 5409: 5402: 5394: 5387: 5379: 5370: 5362: 5358: 5350: 5346: 5338: 5334: 5326: 5322: 5314: 5310: 5302: 5298: 5290: 5286: 5278: 5274: 5266: 5262: 5254: 5250: 5242: 5238: 5230: 5226: 5218: 5214: 5206: 5202: 5194: 5190: 5182: 5178: 5170: 5161: 5153: 5149: 5141: 5137: 5129: 5125: 5117: 5113: 5105: 5101: 5093: 5089: 5081: 5077: 5069: 5065: 5057: 5053: 5045: 5041: 5033: 5029: 5021: 5017: 5009: 5005: 4997: 4993: 4985: 4981: 4973: 4969: 4961: 4957: 4949: 4945: 4937: 4933: 4925: 4921: 4913: 4909: 4901: 4897: 4889: 4885: 4877: 4870: 4862: 4858: 4850: 4846: 4838: 4834: 4826: 4819: 4811: 4807: 4799: 4795: 4787: 4783: 4775: 4771: 4763: 4759: 4751: 4747: 4739: 4735: 4727: 4723: 4715: 4711: 4703: 4699: 4691: 4687: 4679: 4675: 4667: 4663: 4655: 4646: 4638: 4634: 4626: 4622: 4614: 4610: 4602: 4598: 4590: 4586: 4578: 4574: 4566: 4562: 4554: 4545: 4537: 4533: 4525: 4518: 4510: 4506: 4498: 4494: 4486: 4482: 4474: 4470: 4462: 4458: 4450: 4446: 4438: 4434: 4426: 4422: 4414: 4410: 4402: 4398: 4390: 4386: 4378: 4374: 4366: 4362: 4354: 4350: 4342: 4338: 4330: 4326: 4318: 4314: 4306: 4302: 4294: 4290: 4282: 4275: 4267: 4263: 4255: 4251: 4243: 4239: 4231: 4227: 4219: 4215: 4207: 4203: 4195: 4191: 4183: 4176: 4168: 4164: 4156: 4152: 4144: 4140: 4132: 4128: 4120: 4116: 4108: 4104: 4096: 4089: 4081: 4077: 4069: 4065: 4057: 4053: 4045: 4041: 4033: 4029: 4021: 4017: 4009: 4005: 3997: 3993: 3985: 3981: 3973: 3969: 3961: 3954: 3946: 3942: 3934: 3930: 3922: 3918: 3910: 3906: 3898: 3891: 3883: 3879: 3871: 3867: 3859: 3852: 3844: 3837: 3829: 3825: 3817: 3813: 3805: 3801: 3793: 3789: 3781: 3777: 3769: 3765: 3757: 3753: 3745: 3741: 3733: 3729: 3721: 3714: 3706: 3702: 3694: 3690: 3682: 3678: 3670: 3666: 3658: 3654: 3646: 3642: 3634: 3630: 3622: 3618: 3610: 3606: 3598: 3591: 3583: 3579: 3571: 3567: 3559: 3555: 3551:, p. 2534. 3549:Roszkowski 2016 3547: 3543: 3535: 3531: 3523: 3516: 3508: 3504: 3496: 3492: 3484: 3480: 3472: 3468: 3460: 3456: 3448: 3444: 3436: 3429: 3421: 3417: 3409: 3405: 3397: 3393: 3387:Piročkinas 1987 3385: 3381: 3373: 3369: 3361: 3357: 3349: 3342: 3334: 3330: 3322: 3318: 3310: 3306: 3298: 3294: 3286: 3282: 3274: 3267: 3259: 3255: 3247: 3243: 3235: 3231: 3223: 3219: 3211: 3207: 3199: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3163: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3138: 3129: 3125: 3112: 3108: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3065: 3061: 3056: 2976: 2922: 2913:Laisvoji mintis 2872: 2827:Lietuvos žinios 2778: 2773: 2744:Kazys Musteikis 2703:Atoms in Action 2662:Kostas Korsakas 2658:Laisvoji mintis 2607: 2562: 2518:Theodor Narbutt 2435:Lietuvos žinios 2430:Antanas Smetona 2414:Laisvoji mintis 2384: 2304: 2284: 2276:Antanas Smetona 2258: 2180: 2152: 2106: 2101: 2085:Frank A. Golder 2038: 1966:U-boat Campaign 1938:Antanas Milukas 1921:and publishing 1904: 1821:Laisvoji mintis 1813:Union of Lublin 1802:Laisvoji mintis 1758: 1740: 1711: 1605:Spėka ir medega 1541:Maundy Thursday 1517: 1507:so insulted by 1479: 1460: 1396: 1371: 1353:Competing with 1348:Petras Vileišis 1320:Polish nobility 1292: 1246: 1235:Maspeth, Queens 1150: 1138: 1119:First issue of 1113: 1101: 1053:Congress Poland 1043: 942:Martynas Jankus 934:Narodnaya Volya 910: 871:Vincas Kapsukas 820: 807:in Ragnit (now 805:Martynas Jankus 799:in Tilsit (now 769:Vatroslav Jagić 752: 730:Narodnaya Volya 717: 629:Mitau Gymnasium 605: 582: 572:Kražiai College 551: 545: 540: 528:Laisvoji mintis 470:conflict thesis 466:Laisvoji mintis 405:Mitau Gymnasium 398:Catholic Church 375: 341: 338: 330: 326: 323: 317: 309: 305: 302: 286: 255: 245: 224:Political party 219: 190: 152: 126:Alma mater 95: 89: 85: 84:6 November 1944 76: 61: 56: 50: 48: 40: 37:Lithuania Album 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7011: 7009: 7001: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6925: 6924: 6920: 6919: 6915:Lietuvos rytas 6906: 6900: 6882: 6865: 6837: 6835:on 2016-03-05. 6802: 6777: 6771: 6753: 6725: 6701: 6685:Mokslo Lietuva 6673: 6667: 6650: 6625: 6619: 6606: 6581: 6570: 6553: 6536: 6511: 6483: 6448: 6424: 6403: 6378: 6350: 6325: 6319: 6306: 6295: 6278: 6250: 6229: 6213:Mokslo Lietuva 6201: 6180: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6135: 6133:, p. 230. 6123: 6119:Palangytė 2014 6111: 6107:Vanagaitė 2009 6099: 6095:Vanagaitė 2009 6087: 6083:Vanagaitė 2009 6075: 6073:, p. 188. 6063: 6061:, p. 130. 6051: 6049:, p. 138. 6039: 6037:, p. 129. 6027: 6015: 6013:, p. 136. 6003: 5988: 5986:, p. 202. 5973: 5971:, p. 177. 5961: 5949: 5934: 5932:, p. 281. 5922: 5910: 5908:, p. 366. 5898: 5886: 5874: 5872:, p. 248. 5862: 5850: 5848:, p. 273. 5835: 5823: 5811: 5809:, p. 242. 5799: 5787: 5785:, p. 118. 5775: 5763: 5761:, p. 269. 5751: 5739: 5727: 5725:, p. 267. 5715: 5703: 5691: 5679: 5667: 5665:, p. 255. 5655: 5653:, p. 254. 5643: 5631: 5619: 5604: 5602:, p. 233. 5592: 5577: 5565: 5553: 5538: 5526: 5524:, p. 260. 5514: 5502: 5490: 5478: 5466: 5454: 5442: 5427: 5415: 5413:, p. 251. 5400: 5385: 5368: 5356: 5344: 5332: 5320: 5318:, p. 248. 5308: 5296: 5284: 5272: 5260: 5248: 5246:, p. 519. 5236: 5232:Nekrašius 2011 5224: 5220:Nekrašius 2011 5212: 5208:Nekrašius 2011 5200: 5188: 5186:, p. 244. 5176: 5174:, p. 243. 5159: 5147: 5135: 5123: 5111: 5109:, p. 221. 5099: 5087: 5075: 5063: 5051: 5039: 5037:, p. 234. 5027: 5015: 5003: 5001:, p. 232. 4991: 4979: 4977:, p. 216. 4967: 4955: 4943: 4931: 4929:, p. 221. 4919: 4907: 4895: 4893:, p. 125. 4883: 4881:, p. 215. 4868: 4856: 4854:, p. 214. 4844: 4832: 4830:, p. 212. 4817: 4815:, p. 209. 4805: 4793: 4791:, p. 207. 4781: 4779:, p. 206. 4769: 4767:, p. 210. 4757: 4745: 4733: 4721: 4719:, p. 188. 4709: 4697: 4685: 4673: 4661: 4659:, p. 200. 4644: 4642:, p. 176. 4632: 4620: 4608: 4596: 4594:, p. 167. 4584: 4572: 4560: 4558:, p. 256. 4543: 4531: 4529:, p. 166. 4516: 4514:, p. 165. 4504: 4492: 4490:, p. 149. 4480: 4468: 4456: 4454:, p. 163. 4444: 4432: 4430:, p. 160. 4420: 4408: 4406:, p. 161. 4396: 4384: 4372: 4360: 4358:, p. 208. 4348: 4346:, p. 158. 4336: 4324: 4322:, p. 209. 4312: 4310:, p. 156. 4300: 4288: 4286:, p. 153. 4273: 4271:, p. 132. 4261: 4249: 4247:, p. 112. 4237: 4225: 4223:, p. 150. 4213: 4201: 4199:, p. 111. 4189: 4187:, p. 198. 4174: 4162: 4160:, p. 147. 4150: 4148:, p. 135. 4138: 4126: 4124:, p. 115. 4114: 4102: 4087: 4085:, p. 109. 4075: 4063: 4051: 4039: 4037:, p. 107. 4027: 4025:, p. 106. 4015: 4013:, p. 137. 4003: 3991: 3979: 3967: 3952: 3940: 3928: 3916: 3914:, p. 108. 3904: 3889: 3877: 3865: 3850: 3835: 3823: 3811: 3799: 3787: 3785:, p. 187. 3775: 3763: 3751: 3739: 3727: 3712: 3700: 3688: 3676: 3664: 3652: 3650:, p. 185. 3640: 3628: 3616: 3604: 3589: 3577: 3565: 3563:, p. 182. 3553: 3541: 3537:Garškaitė 2014 3529: 3514: 3502: 3490: 3478: 3466: 3454: 3442: 3427: 3415: 3403: 3391: 3379: 3367: 3365:, p. 180. 3355: 3340: 3328: 3316: 3304: 3292: 3280: 3278:, p. 176. 3265: 3253: 3241: 3229: 3217: 3205: 3193: 3181: 3169: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3123: 3119:Palangytė 2014 3106: 3077: 3068: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3051: 3050: 3038: 3029: 3020: 3011: 3002: 2999: 2990: 2971: 2968: 2959: 2947: 2938: 2921: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2890: 2884: 2871: 2868: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2654:Antanas Merkys 2561: 2558: 2477:Lietuvos aidas 2452:Naujoji gadynė 2383: 2380: 2363:scout movement 2325:Leonas Bistras 2283: 2280: 2122:Foreign Office 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2087:, a member of 2081:Robert Lansing 2021:Woodrow Wilson 1942:Woodrow Wilson 1928:In June 1915, 1903: 1900: 1853:Lucilio Vanini 1849:Giordano Bruno 1815:(1569) to the 1806:Giordano Bruno 1787:Giordano Bruno 1739: 1736: 1657:Populist Party 1651:twice for the 1613:Ludwig Büchner 1521:Die Gottespest 1516: 1513: 1402:Title page of 1395: 1392: 1316:class struggle 1245: 1239: 1166:at the Polish 1112: 1102: 1100: 1097: 909: 903: 859:(published in 827:in Memel (now 777:Latin alphabet 726:Vladimir Zubov 544: 541: 539: 536: 377: 376: 374: 373: 367: 360: 358: 354: 353: 347: 343: 342: 340: 339: 328: 324: 321: 320: 318: 307: 303: 298: 297: 294: 292: 288: 287: 285: 284: 279: 273: 271: 267: 266: 261: 257: 256: 254: 253: 240: 234: 231:Populist Party 227: 225: 221: 220: 218: 217: 212: 206: 204: 200: 199: 196: 192: 191: 189: 188: 185: 182: 179: 176: 173: 170: 169:public speaker 167: 164: 160: 158: 154: 153: 151: 150: 145: 140: 135: 129: 127: 123: 122: 119: 115: 114: 111: 107: 106: 101: 97: 96: 90: 88:(aged 83) 82: 78: 77: 74:Russian Empire 57: 46: 42: 41: 34: 26: 25: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7010: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6916: 6912: 6907: 6903: 6897: 6890: 6889: 6883: 6871: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6843: 6838: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6819: 6815: 6808: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6792:(379 (391)). 6791: 6787: 6783: 6778: 6774: 6772:9986-766-19-2 6768: 6761: 6760: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6731: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6679: 6674: 6670: 6664: 6661:. Routledge. 6660: 6656: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6631: 6626: 6622: 6620:9789955334620 6616: 6612: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6582: 6578: 6577: 6571: 6559: 6554: 6542: 6537: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6489: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6449: 6437: 6430: 6425: 6413: 6409: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6356: 6351: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6331: 6326: 6322: 6320:0-88033-457-6 6316: 6312: 6307: 6303: 6302: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6256: 6251: 6239: 6235: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6207: 6202: 6190: 6186: 6181: 6171:on 2019-02-12 6170: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6145: 6144: 6139: 6132: 6127: 6124: 6120: 6115: 6112: 6109:, p. 28. 6108: 6103: 6100: 6097:, p. 24. 6096: 6091: 6088: 6085:, p. 23. 6084: 6079: 6076: 6072: 6067: 6064: 6060: 6055: 6052: 6048: 6043: 6040: 6036: 6031: 6028: 6024: 6019: 6016: 6012: 6007: 6004: 6000: 5995: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5980: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5965: 5962: 5958: 5953: 5950: 5947:, p. 11. 5946: 5941: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5926: 5923: 5919: 5914: 5911: 5907: 5902: 5899: 5895: 5890: 5887: 5883: 5878: 5875: 5871: 5866: 5863: 5859: 5854: 5851: 5847: 5842: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5827: 5824: 5820: 5815: 5812: 5808: 5803: 5800: 5796: 5791: 5788: 5784: 5779: 5776: 5772: 5767: 5764: 5760: 5755: 5752: 5748: 5743: 5740: 5737:, p. 58. 5736: 5731: 5728: 5724: 5719: 5716: 5713:, p. 54. 5712: 5707: 5704: 5701:, p. 53. 5700: 5695: 5692: 5688: 5683: 5680: 5676: 5671: 5668: 5664: 5659: 5656: 5652: 5647: 5644: 5640: 5635: 5632: 5628: 5623: 5620: 5617:, p. 51. 5616: 5611: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5596: 5593: 5589: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5569: 5566: 5562: 5557: 5554: 5551:, p. 50. 5550: 5545: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5530: 5527: 5523: 5518: 5515: 5512:, p. 47. 5511: 5506: 5503: 5499: 5494: 5491: 5487: 5482: 5479: 5475: 5470: 5467: 5463: 5462:Šaltinis 1936 5458: 5455: 5451: 5446: 5443: 5440:, p. 49. 5439: 5434: 5432: 5428: 5425:, p. 45. 5424: 5419: 5416: 5412: 5407: 5405: 5401: 5398:, p. 48. 5397: 5392: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5369: 5366:, p. 28. 5365: 5360: 5357: 5353: 5348: 5345: 5341: 5336: 5333: 5329: 5324: 5321: 5317: 5312: 5309: 5305: 5300: 5297: 5293: 5288: 5285: 5281: 5276: 5273: 5269: 5264: 5261: 5257: 5252: 5249: 5245: 5240: 5237: 5233: 5228: 5225: 5221: 5216: 5213: 5209: 5204: 5201: 5197: 5192: 5189: 5185: 5180: 5177: 5173: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5151: 5148: 5144: 5139: 5136: 5132: 5127: 5124: 5120: 5115: 5112: 5108: 5103: 5100: 5096: 5091: 5088: 5084: 5079: 5076: 5072: 5067: 5064: 5060: 5055: 5052: 5048: 5043: 5040: 5036: 5031: 5028: 5024: 5019: 5016: 5012: 5007: 5004: 5000: 4995: 4992: 4988: 4983: 4980: 4976: 4971: 4968: 4964: 4959: 4956: 4952: 4947: 4944: 4940: 4935: 4932: 4928: 4923: 4920: 4916: 4911: 4908: 4904: 4899: 4896: 4892: 4887: 4884: 4880: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4860: 4857: 4853: 4848: 4845: 4841: 4836: 4833: 4829: 4824: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4809: 4806: 4802: 4797: 4794: 4790: 4785: 4782: 4778: 4773: 4770: 4766: 4761: 4758: 4754: 4749: 4746: 4742: 4737: 4734: 4730: 4725: 4722: 4718: 4713: 4710: 4706: 4701: 4698: 4694: 4689: 4686: 4682: 4677: 4674: 4670: 4665: 4662: 4658: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4636: 4633: 4629: 4624: 4621: 4617: 4612: 4609: 4605: 4600: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4585: 4581: 4576: 4573: 4569: 4564: 4561: 4557: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4535: 4532: 4528: 4523: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4508: 4505: 4502:, p. 40. 4501: 4496: 4493: 4489: 4484: 4481: 4477: 4472: 4469: 4465: 4460: 4457: 4453: 4448: 4445: 4441: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4424: 4421: 4417: 4412: 4409: 4405: 4400: 4397: 4393: 4388: 4385: 4381: 4376: 4373: 4369: 4364: 4361: 4357: 4352: 4349: 4345: 4340: 4337: 4333: 4328: 4325: 4321: 4316: 4313: 4309: 4304: 4301: 4297: 4292: 4289: 4285: 4280: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4265: 4262: 4258: 4253: 4250: 4246: 4241: 4238: 4234: 4229: 4226: 4222: 4217: 4214: 4210: 4205: 4202: 4198: 4193: 4190: 4186: 4181: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4166: 4163: 4159: 4154: 4151: 4147: 4142: 4139: 4136:, p. 40. 4135: 4134:Misiūnas 2016 4130: 4127: 4123: 4118: 4115: 4112:, p. 38. 4111: 4110:Misiūnas 2016 4106: 4103: 4099: 4094: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4079: 4076: 4072: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4052: 4049:, p. 19. 4048: 4047:Jonaitis 2011 4043: 4040: 4036: 4031: 4028: 4024: 4019: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4004: 4000: 3995: 3992: 3988: 3983: 3980: 3977:, p. 99. 3976: 3971: 3968: 3964: 3963:Jonaitis 2011 3959: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3944: 3941: 3937: 3936:Jonaitis 2011 3932: 3929: 3925: 3920: 3917: 3913: 3908: 3905: 3901: 3896: 3894: 3890: 3887:, p. 88. 3886: 3881: 3878: 3874: 3869: 3866: 3862: 3857: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3842: 3840: 3836: 3833:, p. 83. 3832: 3827: 3824: 3820: 3815: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3800: 3797:, p. 75. 3796: 3791: 3788: 3784: 3779: 3776: 3772: 3767: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3752: 3748: 3743: 3740: 3736: 3731: 3728: 3725:, p. 66. 3724: 3719: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3704: 3701: 3697: 3692: 3689: 3685: 3680: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3665: 3661: 3656: 3653: 3649: 3644: 3641: 3637: 3632: 3629: 3625: 3620: 3617: 3613: 3608: 3605: 3601: 3596: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3581: 3578: 3575:, p. 49. 3574: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3545: 3542: 3538: 3533: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3519: 3515: 3512:, p. 44. 3511: 3506: 3503: 3500:, p. 38. 3499: 3494: 3491: 3488:, p. 37. 3487: 3482: 3479: 3475: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3458: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3443: 3439: 3434: 3432: 3428: 3425:, p. 34. 3424: 3419: 3416: 3413:, p. 33. 3412: 3407: 3404: 3401:, p. 32. 3400: 3395: 3392: 3389:, p. 22. 3388: 3383: 3380: 3376: 3371: 3368: 3364: 3359: 3356: 3353:, p. 42. 3352: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3332: 3329: 3325: 3320: 3317: 3314:, p. 28. 3313: 3308: 3305: 3301: 3296: 3293: 3289: 3284: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3270: 3266: 3263:, p. 26. 3262: 3257: 3254: 3251:, p. 27. 3250: 3245: 3242: 3239:, p. 25. 3238: 3233: 3230: 3227:, p. 24. 3226: 3221: 3218: 3214: 3209: 3206: 3202: 3197: 3194: 3191:, p. 19. 3190: 3185: 3182: 3178: 3173: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3141: 3133: 3127: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3110: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3081: 3078: 3072: 3069: 3063: 3060: 3053: 3047: 3042: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3026: 3021: 3017: 3012: 3008: 3003: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2980: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2965: 2960: 2956: 2951: 2948: 2944: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2919: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2895: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2876: 2875: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2860: 2857: 2851: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2828: 2823: 2822: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2800: 2790: 2782: 2775: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2714: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2695: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2611: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2581: 2580:Drottningholm 2575: 2566: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2538:Joseph McCabe 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2478: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2453: 2449: 2448:Jonas Černius 2445: 2441: 2437: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2388: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2374:and write an 2373: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2355: 2349: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2308: 2303: 2295: 2294: 2288: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2262: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2236: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2206: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2193:Soviet Russia 2190: 2184: 2179: 2176: 2171: 2170:Saint-Nazaire 2167: 2162: 2156: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2110: 2103: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2077: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2055:Roman Dmowski 2052: 2048: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1990:Martynas Yčas 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1958:San Francisco 1950: 1946: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1930:Stasys Šimkus 1926: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1909: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1888:Martynas Yčas 1885: 1881: 1877: 1876:Saulė Society 1873: 1869: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1744:Aušra Society 1737: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1702: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1625: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1597: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1464: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1405: 1400: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1375: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1357: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1332:Johann Patkul 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1244: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1233:apartment in 1232: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1190: 1184: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1164:Saint Casimir 1161: 1157: 1154: 1149: 1142: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1128:New York City 1122: 1117: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1096: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1013: 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 948: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 908: 904: 902: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 863: 858: 854: 853:Kresty Prison 849: 845: 841: 836: 834: 830: 824: 819: 816: 815: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 756: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 721: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 694: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 665:published in 664: 663: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 625: 623: 619: 615: 609: 604: 600: 596: 593:and later in 592: 586: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 555: 550: 542: 537: 535: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 516:Martynas Yčas 513: 507: 505: 501: 500: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 458: 456: 452: 448: 447: 442: 441: 436: 432: 431: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 401: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 382:Jonas Šliūpas 371: 368: 365: 362: 361: 359: 355: 351: 350:Rokas Šliūpas 348: 344: 319: 301: 296: 295: 293: 289: 283: 280: 278: 275: 274: 272: 268: 265: 262: 258: 249: 244: 241: 238: 235: 232: 229: 228: 226: 222: 216: 213: 211: 208: 207: 205: 201: 197: 193: 186: 183: 180: 177: 174: 171: 168: 165: 162: 161: 159: 155: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 130: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 105: 102: 100:Resting place 98: 93: 83: 79: 75: 71: 65: 60: 47: 43: 38: 32: 27: 23:Jonas Šliūpas 20: 6914: 6887: 6874:. Retrieved 6852: 6848: 6830:the original 6817: 6813: 6789: 6785: 6758: 6740: 6736: 6712: 6708: 6688: 6684: 6658: 6637: 6633: 6610: 6593: 6589: 6575: 6562:. Retrieved 6545:. Retrieved 6528:. Retrieved 6524:the original 6519: 6498: 6494: 6460: 6456: 6440:. Retrieved 6435: 6416:. Retrieved 6411: 6390: 6386: 6365: 6361: 6337: 6333: 6310: 6300: 6282: 6265: 6261: 6242:. Retrieved 6237: 6216: 6212: 6193:. Retrieved 6188: 6173:. Retrieved 6169:the original 6156: 6152: 6140:Bibliography 6131:Jakštas 1979 6126: 6114: 6102: 6090: 6078: 6066: 6054: 6042: 6030: 6018: 6006: 5969:Šliūpas 2000 5964: 5952: 5930:Jakštas 1979 5925: 5918:Jakštas 1979 5913: 5901: 5894:Jakštas 1979 5889: 5882:Šliūpas 2000 5877: 5865: 5858:Jakštas 1979 5853: 5846:Jakštas 1979 5826: 5819:Šliūpas 2000 5814: 5802: 5795:Jakštas 1979 5790: 5783:Šliūpas 2000 5778: 5771:Jakštas 1979 5766: 5759:Jakštas 1979 5754: 5747:Šliūpas 2000 5742: 5735:Šliūpas 2000 5730: 5723:Jakštas 1979 5718: 5711:Šliūpas 2000 5706: 5699:Šliūpas 2000 5694: 5687:Šliūpas 2000 5682: 5675:Jakštas 1979 5670: 5663:Jakštas 1979 5658: 5651:Jakštas 1979 5646: 5639:Jakštas 1979 5634: 5627:Jakštas 1979 5622: 5615:Sireika 2011 5595: 5573:Šliūpas 2000 5568: 5561:Jakštas 1979 5556: 5549:Sireika 2011 5534:Jakštas 1979 5529: 5522:Jakštas 1979 5517: 5510:Sireika 2011 5505: 5493: 5486:Ziabkus 2018 5481: 5474:Sireika 2011 5469: 5457: 5445: 5438:Sireika 2011 5423:Sireika 2011 5418: 5411:Jakštas 1979 5396:Sireika 2011 5364:Šliūpas 2000 5359: 5352:Šliūpas 2000 5347: 5340:Jakštas 1979 5335: 5328:Jakštas 1979 5323: 5316:Jakštas 1979 5311: 5299: 5292:Jakštas 1979 5287: 5280:Jakštas 1979 5275: 5268:Jakštas 1979 5263: 5251: 5239: 5227: 5215: 5203: 5196:Jakštas 1979 5191: 5184:Jakštas 1979 5179: 5172:Jakštas 1979 5157:, p. 6. 5150: 5143:Jakštas 1979 5138: 5131:Kvašytė 2011 5126: 5119:Kvašytė 2011 5114: 5102: 5095:Jakštas 1979 5090: 5083:Kvašytė 2011 5078: 5071:Jakštas 1979 5066: 5054: 5047:Jakštas 1979 5042: 5035:Jakštas 1979 5030: 5023:Jakštas 1979 5018: 5006: 4999:Jakštas 1979 4994: 4987:Jakštas 1979 4982: 4970: 4963:Jakštas 1979 4958: 4946: 4934: 4927:Jakštas 1979 4922: 4915:Jakštas 1979 4910: 4903:Jakštas 1979 4898: 4886: 4879:Jakštas 1979 4859: 4852:Jakštas 1979 4847: 4840:Jakštas 1979 4835: 4813:Jakštas 1979 4808: 4801:Jakštas 1979 4796: 4789:Jakštas 1979 4784: 4777:Jakštas 1979 4772: 4765:Jakštas 1979 4760: 4753:Jakštas 1979 4748: 4741:Jakštas 1979 4736: 4729:Jakštas 1979 4724: 4717:Jakštas 1979 4712: 4705:Jakštas 1979 4700: 4693:Jakštas 1979 4688: 4681:Jakštas 1979 4676: 4669:Jakštas 1979 4664: 4640:Jakštas 1979 4635: 4628:Jakštas 1979 4623: 4616:Jakštas 1979 4611: 4604:Jakštas 1979 4599: 4592:Jakštas 1979 4587: 4580:Jakštas 1979 4575: 4568:Jakštas 1979 4563: 4556:Jakštas 1979 4534: 4527:Jakštas 1979 4512:Jakštas 1979 4507: 4495: 4488:Jakštas 1979 4483: 4476:Jakštas 1979 4471: 4464:Jakštas 1979 4459: 4452:Jakštas 1979 4447: 4440:Jakštas 1979 4435: 4428:Jakštas 1979 4423: 4416:Jakštas 1979 4411: 4404:Jakštas 1979 4399: 4392:Jakštas 1979 4387: 4380:Jakštas 1979 4375: 4368:Jakštas 1979 4363: 4351: 4344:Jakštas 1979 4339: 4332:Jakštas 1979 4327: 4315: 4308:Jakštas 1979 4303: 4296:Jakštas 1979 4291: 4284:Jakštas 1979 4269:Jakštas 1979 4264: 4257:Jakštas 1979 4252: 4245:Jakštas 1979 4240: 4233:Jakštas 1979 4228: 4221:Jakštas 1979 4216: 4204: 4197:Jakštas 1979 4192: 4170:Jakštas 1979 4165: 4158:Jakštas 1979 4153: 4146:Jakštas 1979 4141: 4129: 4122:Jakštas 1979 4117: 4105: 4098:Jakštas 1979 4083:Jakštas 1979 4078: 4071:Jakštas 1979 4066: 4059:Jakštas 1979 4054: 4042: 4035:Jakštas 1979 4030: 4023:Jakštas 1979 4018: 4011:Puzinas 1966 4006: 3999:Jakštas 1979 3994: 3987:Jakštas 1979 3982: 3975:Jakštas 1979 3970: 3965:, p. 6. 3948:Jakštas 1979 3943: 3931: 3924:Jakštas 1979 3919: 3907: 3900:Jakštas 1979 3885:Jakštas 1979 3880: 3873:Jakštas 1979 3868: 3861:Jakštas 1979 3846:Jakštas 1979 3831:Jakštas 1979 3826: 3819:Jakštas 1979 3814: 3807:Jakštas 1979 3802: 3795:Jakštas 1979 3790: 3778: 3771:Jakštas 1979 3766: 3759:Jakštas 1979 3754: 3747:Jakštas 1979 3742: 3735:Jakštas 1979 3730: 3723:Jakštas 1979 3708:Jakštas 1979 3703: 3696:Jakštas 1979 3691: 3684:Jakštas 1979 3679: 3672:Jakštas 1979 3667: 3660:Jakštas 1979 3655: 3643: 3636:Jakštas 1979 3631: 3624:Jakštas 1979 3619: 3612:Jakštas 1979 3607: 3585:Jakštas 1979 3580: 3573:Jakštas 1979 3568: 3556: 3544: 3532: 3525:Jakštas 1979 3510:Jakštas 1979 3505: 3498:Jakštas 1979 3493: 3486:Jakštas 1979 3481: 3474:Jakštas 1979 3469: 3462:Jakštas 1979 3457: 3450:Jakštas 1979 3445: 3423:Jakštas 1979 3418: 3411:Jakštas 1979 3406: 3399:Jakštas 1979 3394: 3382: 3375:Jakštas 1979 3370: 3358: 3351:Jakštas 1979 3336:Jakštas 1979 3331: 3324:Jakštas 1979 3319: 3312:Jakštas 1979 3307: 3300:Jakštas 1979 3295: 3288:Jakštas 1979 3283: 3261:Jakštas 1979 3256: 3249:Jakštas 1979 3244: 3237:Jakštas 1979 3232: 3225:Jakštas 1979 3220: 3213:Jakštas 1979 3208: 3201:Jakštas 1979 3196: 3189:Jakštas 1979 3184: 3177:Jakštas 1979 3172: 3126: 3109: 3080: 3071: 3062: 2923: 2912: 2907:Nauja gadynė 2906: 2900: 2892: 2886: 2878: 2873: 2863: 2861: 2852: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2797: 2795: 2715: 2702: 2699:Adolf Hitler 2692: 2677:anti-Semitic 2670: 2657: 2639: 2635:World War II 2629: 2593:Grand Rapids 2579: 2571: 2549: 2529: 2521: 2493: 2475: 2473: 2451: 2433: 2427: 2413: 2393: 2376:anti-Semitic 2350: 2341:privatdozent 2299: 2291: 2237: 2201: 2115: 2074: 2033: 2028: 2016: 2012: 2010: 1955: 1927: 1922: 1905: 1865: 1832: 1820: 1810: 1801: 1766: 1741: 1706: 1673: 1626: 1620: 1608: 1604: 1594: 1578: 1576: 1568:Nauja gadynė 1567: 1560:Nauja gadynė 1559: 1557: 1533:Russian Tsar 1520: 1518: 1508: 1503: 1487: 1450:Wilkes-Barre 1443: 1439:East Prussia 1434: 1425: 1422:chrestomathy 1409: 1403: 1379: 1360: 1354: 1352: 1328:Karl Gutzkow 1323: 1303: 1301: 1263: 1253: 1247: 1242: 1211: 1187: 1185: 1179: 1172:Polonization 1159: 1146: 1125: 1120: 1109: 1105: 1060: 1039: 1033: 1024: 1016: 1010: 1008: 1003: 999: 995: 979: 975: 967: 956:East Prussia 945: 929: 925: 911: 906: 895:conscription 860: 837: 812: 773:East Prussia 702: 699:hectographed 695: 678: 674: 660: 626: 620:from bishop 618:confirmation 546: 527: 508: 497: 465: 462:Nauja gadynė 461: 459: 444: 438: 434: 428: 425:East Prussia 402: 381: 380: 372:(1928, 1936) 121:John Szlupas 86:(1944-11-06) 55:6 March 1861 36: 6938:1944 deaths 6933:1861 births 6547:24 November 6071:Perrin 2013 6023:Perrin 2013 5984:Perrin 2013 5870:Perrin 2013 5831:Perrin 2013 5807:Perrin 2013 5600:Perrin 2013 5498:Perrin 2013 5381:Bačėnė 2017 5256:Perrin 2013 5107:Perrin 2013 5011:Perrin 2013 4975:Perrin 2013 4939:Perrin 2013 4828:Perrin 2013 4657:Perrin 2013 4539:Perrin 2013 4356:Perrin 2013 4320:Perrin 2013 4185:Perrin 2013 3783:Perrin 2013 3648:Perrin 2013 3600:Perrin 2013 3561:Perrin 2013 3438:Trumpa 1991 3363:Perrin 2013 3276:Perrin 2013 3165:Perrin 2011 3115:Bačėnė 2017 3098:association 2977: [ 2752:Wilmersdorf 2685:Reichsmarks 2608: [ 2554:Grant Allen 2528:(in 1923), 2343:and taught 2305: [ 2259: [ 2181: [ 2153: [ 2089:The Inquiry 2039: [ 1919:New England 1908:World War I 1837:Dennis Hird 1825:freethought 1775:Hermenegild 1759: [ 1712: [ 1704:) in 1901. 1591:Middle Ages 1525:Johann Most 1480: [ 1461: [ 1372: [ 1293: [ 1241:Fight with 1151: [ 1139: [ 1069:Iosif Gurko 1065:Marijampolė 1044: [ 1029:Pan-Slavism 1015:criticized 992:freethought 821: [ 753: [ 750:Fedor Korsh 718: [ 687:freethought 606: [ 583: [ 552: [ 494:World War I 413:freethought 246: [ 178:businessman 157:Occupations 110:Nationality 62: [ 35:Šliūpas in 6927:Categories 6876:12 January 6564:13 January 6530:13 January 6463:(67): 23. 6442:12 January 6418:12 January 6334:XXI amžius 6244:27 January 6195:13 January 6175:2019-02-10 3142:References 2640:After the 2585:Pittsburgh 2574:Gothenburg 2526:J. B. Bury 2321:Königsberg 2146:Manchester 2069:, the new 1492:confession 1454:Shenandoah 1268:Lithuanian 1194:Lithuanian 1104:Editor of 905:Editor of 724:and Count 667:Königsberg 576:dessiatins 549:Rakandžiai 113:Lithuanian 59:Rakandžiai 51:1861-03-06 6861:1822-7309 6826:1392-8600 6798:0002-208X 6749:1822-7309 6721:1392-3862 6697:1392-7191 6646:0022-9199 6602:0132-6546 6560:. Draugas 6507:1822-7309 6479:2345-0053 6457:Knygotyra 6399:1392-0677 6374:1822-7309 6346:2029-1299 6274:1392-0456 6225:1392-7191 6165:1392-0456 5244:Yčas 2009 5059:Yčas 2009 4891:Yčas 2009 3912:Yčas 2009 2832:Naujienos 2730:) at the 2711:euthanize 2630:Gripsholm 2616:Cleveland 2225:Gubernija 2166:U.S. Army 2142:Liverpool 2138:Edinburgh 1970:Red Cross 1800:Cover of 1599:) of the 1496:communion 1430:Darwinism 1388:Baltimore 1206:Suvalkija 1134:. He met 1057:Suvalkija 711:socialism 580:Paliepiai 560:Gruzdžiai 538:Biography 352:(brother) 346:Relatives 203:Employers 198:1883–1944 94:, Germany 6709:Šaltinis 6640:(1422). 6590:Švyturys 6340:(1925). 6189:Etaplius 3132:Vytautas 3102:religion 2901:Apšvieta 2856:romantic 2776:Writings 2556:(1938). 2548:(1937), 2488:and the 2410:Šiauliai 2244:Šiauliai 2134:Burnbank 2061:(future 1986:Voronezh 1962:Honolulu 1692:Anatolia 1621:Apšvieta 1435:Apšvieta 1336:Livonian 1324:Patkulis 1310:slogan " 1231:tenement 829:Klaipėda 662:Keleivis 633:Pandėlys 591:Betygala 568:Vytautas 472:between 260:Movement 175:diplomat 6691:(541). 6393:(724). 6291:5223546 6219:(563). 2816:Lietuva 2812:Kultūra 2799:Ateitis 2597:Chicago 2589:Detroit 2354:Palanga 2296:in 1933 2256:Likėnai 2229:Palanga 2130:Glasgow 1896:Vilnius 1857:Jan Hus 1779:Hypatia 1688:Balkans 1308:Marxist 1093:Hamburg 1089:Palanga 1085:Liepāja 1077:Jelgava 960:Bitėnai 897:to the 887:Kharkiv 801:Sovetsk 645:culture 641:history 520:Palanga 337: 329: 325: 316: 308: 304: 291:Spouses 181:teacher 6898: 6859: 6824: 6820:(11). 6796: 6769: 6747: 6719: 6695: 6665: 6644: 6617: 6600: 6505: 6477: 6397: 6387:Voruta 6372: 6344: 6317: 6289: 6272: 6223: 6163: 3094:speech 2804:Garsas 2736:Berlin 2722:Vienna 2406:Biržai 2372:Talmud 2348:1934. 2329:Kaunas 2240:Biržai 1974:Moscow 1880:Kaunas 1839:or on 1789:, and 1473:Easter 1330:about 1071:, the 972:Prague 914:Geneva 875:Bubiai 833:Žagarė 643:, and 614:Kaunas 595:Pernau 366:(1932) 357:Awards 252:(1905) 239:(1900) 233:(1896) 172:doctor 166:writer 92:Berlin 6892:(PDF) 6845:(PDF) 6833:(PDF) 6810:(PDF) 6786:Aidai 6763:(PDF) 6733:(PDF) 6681:(PDF) 6634:Karys 6491:(PDF) 6432:(PDF) 6358:(PDF) 6258:(PDF) 6209:(PDF) 3054:Notes 2981:] 2887:Unija 2880:Aušra 2864:Aušra 2771:Works 2612:] 2367:litas 2309:] 2293:Aušra 2263:] 2233:litas 2216:Neman 2185:] 2157:] 2043:] 1763:] 1716:] 1484:] 1465:] 1380:Aušra 1376:] 1297:] 1180:Unija 1160:Unija 1155:] 1143:] 1121:Unija 1106:Unija 1061:Aušra 1048:] 1025:Aušra 1017:Aušra 1004:Aušra 1000:Aušra 996:Aušra 980:Aušra 976:Aušra 968:Aušra 954:) in 952:Neman 947:Aušra 938:Chile 930:Unija 907:Aušra 891:Tartu 883:Kazan 862:Aušra 825:] 809:Neman 761:Slavs 757:] 722:] 703:Aušra 610:] 589:near 587:] 558:near 556:] 435:Unija 430:Aušra 331:( 327: 310:( 306: 250:] 187:mayor 66:] 6896:ISBN 6878:2019 6857:ISSN 6822:ISSN 6794:ISSN 6767:ISBN 6745:ISSN 6717:ISSN 6693:ISSN 6663:ISBN 6642:ISSN 6615:ISBN 6598:ISSN 6566:2019 6549:2023 6532:2019 6503:ISSN 6475:ISSN 6444:2019 6420:2019 6395:ISSN 6370:ISSN 6342:ISSN 6315:ISBN 6287:OCLC 6270:ISSN 6246:2019 6221:ISSN 6197:2019 6161:ISSN 3100:and 2742:and 2408:and 2242:and 2057:and 1982:Kiev 1886:and 1870:and 1773:and 1707:The 1615:– a 1494:and 1334:, a 1108:and 879:Kiev 779:was 767:and 748:and 732:and 677:and 655:and 564:O.S. 437:and 419:and 81:Died 45:Born 6465:doi 3117:or 2758:in 2734:to 2705:by 2628:MS 2614:in 2578:SS 2552:by 2532:by 2524:by 1960:to 1894:in 1878:in 1843:by 1835:by 1793:). 1726:), 1690:or 1678:on 1611:by 1498:in 1386:in 681:by 392:of 6929:: 6913:. 6855:. 6853:12 6847:. 6812:. 6784:. 6743:. 6741:12 6735:. 6713:51 6707:. 6683:. 6632:. 6596:. 6594:11 6588:. 6518:. 6501:. 6499:12 6493:. 6473:. 6461:67 6455:. 6434:. 6410:. 6391:10 6385:. 6368:. 6366:12 6360:. 6338:45 6332:. 6268:. 6266:38 6260:. 6236:. 6211:. 6187:. 6159:. 6157:84 6151:. 5991:^ 5976:^ 5937:^ 5838:^ 5607:^ 5580:^ 5541:^ 5430:^ 5403:^ 5388:^ 5371:^ 5162:^ 4871:^ 4820:^ 4647:^ 4546:^ 4519:^ 4276:^ 4177:^ 4090:^ 3955:^ 3892:^ 3853:^ 3838:^ 3715:^ 3592:^ 3517:^ 3430:^ 3343:^ 3268:^ 3149:^ 3096:, 3092:, 2979:lt 2842:, 2838:, 2834:, 2830:, 2824:, 2818:, 2814:, 2810:, 2806:, 2802:, 2767:. 2610:lt 2595:, 2591:, 2587:, 2307:lt 2261:lt 2235:. 2183:lt 2155:lt 2144:, 2140:, 2136:, 2132:, 2041:lt 2031:. 1980:, 1976:, 1859:, 1855:, 1851:, 1785:, 1781:, 1761:lt 1730:, 1714:lt 1555:. 1482:lt 1463:lt 1374:lt 1350:. 1299:. 1295:lt 1270:: 1196:: 1153:lt 1141:lt 1046:ru 889:, 885:, 881:, 823:lt 755:ru 720:lt 693:. 639:, 624:. 608:lt 585:lt 554:lt 333:m. 312:m. 248:lt 72:, 68:, 64:lt 6904:. 6880:. 6863:. 6818:2 6800:. 6790:2 6775:. 6751:. 6723:. 6699:. 6689:9 6671:. 6648:. 6638:5 6623:. 6604:. 6568:. 6551:. 6534:. 6509:. 6481:. 6467:: 6446:. 6422:. 6401:. 6376:. 6348:. 6323:. 6293:. 6276:. 6248:. 6227:. 6217:9 6199:. 6178:. 6121:. 6001:. 5590:. 5488:. 5452:. 5383:. 5306:. 4866:. 4211:. 3539:. 3440:. 3167:. 3104:. 3043:( 2983:( 2952:( 2398:( 1414:( 53:) 49:(

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